Tanzania Multi Stakeholder Map - WebNG

Pesticide Use and Exposure
DAMAGE CAUSED BY PESTICIDES
• Pesticides (active ingredients) have for long time
being used in Tanzania
– to protect crops (mostly cash crops), livestock, buildings and
housing from damage caused by insect pests
• The contribution of pesticides use in increasing
agricultural production and reducing vectorborne
diseases has generally been appreciated,
concern over their harmful effects on man and
environment has only recently gained attention
• The effects of pesticides
• Some banned pesticides if are still used in Tanzania. In
order to set control measures information on the
pesticides at any level.
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• Few preliminary studies conducted in different
areas indicated adversely effects of the
pesticides used in Tanzania.
– case studies conducted TPRI in 1997 on the effects of organochlorines in birds
and agro-ecosystem of maize showed residues of organochlorines in the range
of 0.001 – 1.45 ng/g (Ijani et al (TPRI, 1997).
– studies conducted by NEMC/KISHIMBA/AGENDA at Vikuge indicate a high level
of contamination in soil and water, AGENDA is working on the proposal with
UNIDO (VIENNA) for medical testing – monitor milk and blood from the area.
– study conducted by ENVIROCARE in Kilimanjaro areas
• No specific programs designed to study effects
of pesticides to human and wildlife population,
hence the extent of the problem is not known
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Major Concerns
• Lack of an appropriate pesticide control legislation
and lack of a modern pesticides approval/registration
procedure e.g Mr. Akabuhaya Presentation
• High rates of illiteracy and inability to read complex
label instructions
• Use of labels in foreign languages
• Lack of monitoring of pollutants (e.g. in food, drinking
water and working environment)
• Easy access to acutely toxic substances (e.g. to
commit suicide) e.g Chief Government Chemists data
• Lack of capacity (manpower and financial resources)
to advise on and enforce national laws, approved
codes of conduct, etc.
• Lack of information provision and awareness raising
aiming at the small enterprise level (e.g. farms) on
rational storage, handling, use of pesticides and
disposal of waste pesticides and empty containers
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Major Concern Cont…
Virtual impossibility of wearing protective clothing in
hot and humid climates
Absence of medical facilities and no access to
antidotes
Poor information provisions leading to a lack of
knowledge about risks involved
Use of cheap, often more dangerous substances and
faulty equipment
Inadequate management and storage of obsolete
stocks and used packaging materials
Lack of facilities for proper waste management.
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Several local and individual conditions and malpractices
aggravate the situation for the end user:
National Pesticide Risk Reduction Initiatives
• Excessive use or misuse of hazardous chemical
substances
• Use of acutely toxic substances without adequate safety
measures
• Inappropriate use of pesticides (e.g. to catch fish)
• Failure to use protective clothing
• Lack of clean water for washing
• Inability to afford protective clothing or equipment
• Mixing of hazardous chemicals by hand
• Re-use of pesticide containers for food or water storage
• Use of beverage containers (bottles) for pesticide
storage
• Lack of care when transporting or handling chemical
Law Currently Regulating hazardous Chemicals
• Environmental Management Act (NEMA) 2004 - Hazardous
chemical management is covered in the Act, parts V, VI, VIII and IX.
• The Industrial and Consumer chemicals (management & control) Act
2003; Section 10(h) states specifically that one responsibility of the
Chief Government Chemist, as the Registrar of Chemicals is to
conduct public educational campaigns on sound management of
Chemicals.
• The occupational health and safety Act, 2002; The Plant Protection
Act 1997 and regulations of 1999; The pharmaceuticals and poisons
Act of 1978 and the Petroleum exploration and production Act 1980;
the Public Health Ordinance (1954); National Water Act of 1974 and
its amendments of 1981, 1987 and 2000; the TPRI Act 1979 and its
regulations of 1984; The National Industrial Licensing and
Registration Act (1967),
IPM in Tanzania (1992 – 2003)
substances.
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