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7.2 Least-Toxic Controls In this approach Least-toxic chemicals to humans, non-target species and the environment are used. A range of least toxic pesticides for different pests have been developed and could be found on websites and IPM text books. 7.3 Biological Controls Biological controls include the appropriate conservation of pests’ natural predators, parasites and diseases, and the judicious augmentation of these species via predator releases, applications of parasites, and inoculations of diseases. 7.4 Physical Controls Also pests may be controlled by using physical means which may include: • Desiccants (diatomaceous earth, silica aerogel) • Barriers (sticky, band, water) • Traps (mechanical, glueboard, sticky) • Environmental manipulation (of temperature, humidity or light) • Electric currents (electrogun, electric fences and traps) • Manual removal (nets, lice combs). 7.5 Organic farming Organic farming promotes non use of synthetic fertiliser and pesticides. 8.0 ENVISAGED SYNERGIES BETWEEN NSGRP, VISION 2025, MDGS AND IMPLEMENTATION OF CHEMICALS CONVENTIONS From the presentations made on the Chemicals Conventions and FAO Code the following challenges were observed: 125
• Absence of appropriate Chemicals Policy • Inadequacies in legislations • Insufficient human and financial resources • Lack of information exchange/access at all levels • Lack of awareness to majority of stakeholders • Lack of alternatives, innovative solutions and strategies • Weak infrastructure for management chemicals • Poor Management of Chemicals and Pesticides to stakeholders • Low Cooperation, coordination among stakeholders We have seen also in previous sections that the NSGRP, Vision 2025 and the MDGs might promote use of pesticide to be able to achieve the goals of the same. However, with the above challenges if pesticide use is promoted, it may endanger the human health and the environment and hence increase the poverty burden to poor communities rather that solving it. The purpose of this section is to assess the provisions that are contained within chemicals conventions, and potential for integrating/mainstreaming the same to achieve both i.e. implementation of chemicals convention and hence protecting human health and assist in the efforts to eradicate poverty through promotion of safe use of pesticides, including non-pesticide alternatives. 8.1 Basel Convention The key objectives of the Basel Convention are: • To minimize the generation, treat and dispose of hazardous wastes as close as possible to their source of generation; • To ensure strict control over the trans-boundary movements of hazardous wastes and prevention of illegal traffic; • To prohibit shipments of hazardous wastes to countries lacking the legal, administrative and technical capacity to manage and dispose of them in sound manner; and • To assist developing countries and countries with economies in transition in management of the hazardous wastes they generate. Establishing Regional Training and Technology Centres: The overall objectives for establishing these centres is to strengthen the capacity of governments of the regions in complying with the technical, legal and institutional requirements in sound management of hazardous wastes as specified by the Basel Convention. 126
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PESTICIDES AND POVERTY Implementing
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3.4 THEME IV: PROJECT DETAILS......
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MoH Ministry of Health MT Metric To
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Initially, she gave a brief history
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iii. Rotterdam Convention - Mr. A.
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this project are aware of this trai
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On in implementation part the prese
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to that effect, however, EMA requir
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decision to prohibit transboundary
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Mr. Akhabuhaya - Registrar of Pesti
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over a broad range of sectors, havi
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laws, approved codes of conduct, et
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work plan preparation, there is a n
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After the presentation it was asked
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4.0 GROUP WORK AND PRESENTATIONS 4.
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2.2. Training individuals with trai
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4.4 To introduce and promote new st
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7.1. Identify effective ways to pro
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8.1. Production and dissemination o
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GROUP 1 PROVISION OF INPUTS TO THE
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- misuse of pesticides as obstacle
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• Mapping of supply chain for pes
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6.0. CLOSING REMARKS The closing re
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APPENDIX I WORKSHOP PROGRAMME 42
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17.00 End Day 1 Day 2: Thursday 4 t
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APPENDIX II LIST OF PARTICIPANTS 46
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7 Dr. Enock Masanja University of D
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18 Dr. Ruth Minja Tanzania Associat
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Pesticides and Poverty Implementing
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Activity 6 - CASE STUDIES - Documen
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CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION TO THE ST
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In recent decades, the risks posed
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exemptions granted should minimize
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c) Report to the Conference of the
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and dissemination of available alte
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The issue of management of POPs fal
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Table 1: List of stakeholders and t
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Institution xxiv) TANESCO xxv) Seed
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5.0 CHALLENGES AND PLANNED EFFORTS
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Page 82 and 83: 7.0 CONCLUDING REMARKS The Stockhol
Page 84 and 85: Reviews notifications from parties
Page 86 and 87: 4.3 Roles of stakeholders: Provisio
Page 88 and 89: provides early warning for developi
Page 90 and 91: TABLE 1: CHEMICALS SUBJECT TO THE P
Page 92 and 93: Chemical Category Registration Stat
Page 94 and 95: PAPER ON BASEL AND BAMAKO CONVENTIO
Page 96 and 97: 1.0 Introduction 1.1 History of the
Page 98 and 99: ⇒ The prevention and monitoring o
Page 100 and 101: need to be disposed of. Hence trans
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Page 104 and 105: ⇒ To encourage treatment and disp
Page 106 and 107: 9.0 Implementation status of the Ba
Page 108 and 109: (iii) (iv) Disposal of DNOC at Ceme
Page 110 and 111: (i) (ii) (vii) Management of hazard
Page 112 and 113: BRIEF HISTORY INTERNATIONAL CODE OF
Page 114 and 115: CTD B)Defficient Laws and Regulatio
Page 116 and 117: 2025. Examples of broader goals emb
Page 118 and 119: particular focus on food security n
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Page 122 and 123: 4.2 How do the MDGs link to Pestici
Page 124 and 125: • Impacts on certain populations,
Page 126 and 127: and sociological issues (“mainstr
Page 128 and 129: 6.3 Non-Income Poverty 6.3.1 Educat
Page 132 and 133: 8.2 Rotterdam Convention Article 3:
Page 134 and 135: coordination. Most important some C
Page 136 and 137: Introduction PESTICIDE AND POVERTY:
Page 138 and 139: Registration and Control • Respon
Page 140 and 141: THE ASP AND CIVIL SOCIETY • The A
Page 142 and 143: Coordination of NGOs • Use existi
Page 144 and 145: How International Agreements Can Pr
Page 146 and 147: 4. Implementing the Codes & Convent
Page 148 and 149: CPAM MONITORING TOOLS 1. Community
Page 150 and 151: AGENDA Experience • Visits the vi
Page 152 and 153: DESIGNING AN ECOLOGICAL MONITORING
Page 154: PESTICIDES AND POVERTY CASE STUDIES
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Tanzania Multi Stakeholder Map - WebNG

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