Human Resources for Health in Maternal, Neonatal and - HRH ...

IMNCI
PMTCT
Perinatal
Period
Postnatal
period
Neonatal
period
RH
MMR
NMR
Integrated Management of Newborn and Child Illness
Treats infants from birth to 5 years
All of IMCI plus:
Birth to 2 month module to include:
Essential newborn care
Emergency newborn care (i.e resuscitation)
Assessment of young infants for infection and diarrhoea
Treatment and referral when required
Antibiotics (oral for pneumonia, oral plus injectable for very severe
disease)
ORT
Extra care (Kangaroo mother care) for LBW infants
Support for initiation of early and exclusive breastfeeding and correction of
problems
Home care practices and danger sign awareness for the sick newborn
Home visiting
Effective prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) requires a three-fold
strategy.
Preventing HIV infection among prospective parents
Avoiding unwanted pregnancies among HIV positive women
Preventing the transmission of HIV from HIV positive mothers to their
infants during pregnancy, labour, delivery and breastfeeding.
The last of these can be achieved by the use of antiretroviral drugs, safer infant
feeding practices and other interventions.
The period occurring "around the time of birth", specifically from 22 completed
weeks (154 days) of gestation to 7 completed days after birth
This begins immediately after the birth of a child and then extends for about six
weeks.
This refers to an infant in the first 28 days of life (less than a month old)
Reproductive health care in the context of primary health care should, inter alia,
include: family-planning counselling, information, education, communication and
services; education and services for pre-natal care, safe delivery and post-natal care;
prevention and appropriate treatment of infertility; abortion as specified in paragraph
8.25 ,including prevention of abortion and the management of the consequences of
abortion; treatment of reproductive tract infections; sexually transmitted diseases and
other reproductive health conditions; and information, education and counselling, as
appropriate, on human sexuality, reproductive health and responsible parenthood.
Referral for family planning services and further diagnosis and treatment for
complications of pregnancy, delivery and abortion, infertility, reproductive tract
infections, breast cancer and cancers of the reproductive system, sexually
transmitted diseases, including HIV/AIDS should always be available, as required.
Active discouragement of harmful practices, such as female genital mutilation,
should also be an integral component of primary health care, including reproductive
health-care programmes.
The Programme of Action from the International Conference on Population and
Development in Cairo in 1994
Maternal mortality ratio is the number of death per 100,000 live births in one year
Neonatal mortality ratio Number of deaths during the first 28 completed days of life
per 1,000 live births in a given year or period.
P a g e | 208