Human Resources for Health in Maternal, Neonatal and - HRH ...

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Table 18 Examples of HRH initiative addressing socio-cultural considerations in the community Initiative focus Details Context Reference Training Cultural training Gender training Training and support of ANMs to work in tribal areas and work with the community Course to improve provider and women relationships & communication to improve abortion care. In-service gender training to strengthen awareness amongst health providers Karnataka India South Africa (IntraHealth 2008) (Varkey 2006) Gender sensitivity Training & tools in FP & RH Global (IntraHealth/Prime II Project 2003) Communication training Socio-cult training Counselling training Comprehensive counselling for RH course, Part II focusing on providers attitudes & provision of care to specific client groups (unmarried women, men, adolescents) designed to improve gender and culturally sensitive care among provider teams in SRH With reference to socio-cult b/g of clients in *FP *Adolescent MRH Field tested Bangladesh , Kenya, Jordan, Ghana (EngenderHealth 2003) Bolivia (FHI 1998) Global (ESD Project 2008) (FCI 2008) FGM training Professional & ethical implications of FGM Global (WHO 2001) Tools Materials culturally relevant materials for midwives counselling (ESD Project 2008) Selection & recruitment Female health workers PHE as commercial sex workers (CSW) Ensure adequate numbers of female workers to provided socially legitimate ways of discussing reproductive health issues with female clients Significant changes in knowledge, attitudes, & self-efficacy of CSWs & managers & improvement in STI clinic attendance Thailand (Cash 1997; Velasco 1997) Philippines (UNAIDS 1999) Case studies: Examples of community and health workers working together A number of initiatives and approaches can work to ensure HRH involvement and community mobalisation. This can include the development of participatory planning and evaluation methods, harnessing existing or developing new community structures such as village health committees (VHC), establishing new cadres of worker to better link the community and health services as well as supervising and training lay health workers. P a g e | 115
Table 19 Examples of initiatives involving HRH and community partnerships for MNRH Initiative Context Reference Community-Based Problem Solving: Improving the Guatemala (González 2001) Health of Women and Children Community-Based Post Abortion Care Services in Bolivia, Peru (ESD Project 2008) MotherNewBorNet Member Programs and Egypt VHC in family planning Guinea (Diakite 2009) Local initiative programme for Reproductive & Child Health Uttaranchal, India (Government of India 2004) Indonesia BIDAN SIAGA Indonesia (Thaddeus 2001; JHUCCP 2003; Palmer 2004) Women's health groups to improve perinatal care Rural Nepal (Morrison, Tamang et al. 2005) Mitanin Programme Bangladesh (Mishra 2004) capacity-building program for community leaders Vietnam (Hien, Takano et al. 2008) Home based Life saving skills (HBLSS) Ethiopia (Sibley, Buffington et al. 2004) Ways of working In Guatemala a community-based problem-solving methodology for improving the health of women and children was developed in the format of an agenda for application to monthly community meetings. Health workers and community members worked together to design new ways of presenting health data so that the public could understand the information and be able to identify problems. The participants then developed an agenda for the community meeting. Agendas varied among communities depending on their traditions. The problem solving methodology, including identifying problems and setting priorities for and seeking causes and solutions to the problems, was introduced into the agenda as agreed by the participants. The end result of the community meeting was the development of an action plan based on the problem identified for resolution. This methodology could be transferred to other contexts Another example of community and health workers interaction can be illustrated by the USAID funded ESD community PAC model which was piloted in Bolivia, Peru and Egypt. The community PAC activities emphasize increasing the communities‘ awareness of where PAC services are available, recognition of the danger signs associated with complications of miscarriage and incomplete abortion, and the importance of utilizing family planning methods in preventing unwanted pregnancies and practicing healthy timing and spacing of pregnancies for better health outcomes. By involving the community in the mobilization effort, the power dynamics between community members and groups that influence the issues in the community are altered, thus, providing opportunities for positive change. In Egypt a range of people were involved in the mobilisation efforts they included community leaders in each community, including religious leaders (Coptic priests and Muslim sheiks), community P a g e | 116
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Human Resources for Health in Mater
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What human resource practices in ma
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Collaboration with traditional and
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Acronyms AAAH Asia and Pacific Acti
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TBA T & L UNFPA UNICEF UOG UPNG USA
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Figure 34 Potential gain in percent
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Executive Summary Addressing the ba
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Introduction What human resource pr
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Review Questions 1. What HR approac
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Effective HRH practice and quality
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is no single prescribed set of ways
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Table 3 Classification of health ce
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Figure 5 Millennium Development Goa
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(UNICEF 2007) However, the road to
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A number of steps are purported to
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Figure 10 Overview of HRH at commun
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functions, the latter involving mob
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settings‖(ICN 2009). They may be
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Table 7 What Skilled attendants can
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Traditional healers may also be inv
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Methodology What human resource pra
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Table 9 Search terms used for the s
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findings. Differences and similarit
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Barriers and constraints to HRH pra
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PHEs. In the Pacific the density of
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partum services as being from 1:60
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husbands who oppose family planning
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Remuneration for CHWs, nurse and mi
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Supportive HRH strategies and appro
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Strengthening HRH policy legislatio
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Strategies to improve Human resourc
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there are interrelationships betwee
Page 65 and 66: Table 11 Tools for managing HR in M
Page 67 and 68: Performance management Effective ma
Page 69 and 70: The Health and Family Planning Mana
Page 71 and 72: as a guide to mentoring, delegation
Page 73 and 74: eceived from outside the routine pu
Page 75 and 76: The isolated nature of much communi
Page 77 and 78: progress over time. This tool and t
Page 79 and 80: At national level, countries may ha
Page 81 and 82: evaluating and adjusting the size a
Page 83 and 84: There are a number of difficulties
Page 85 and 86: Figure 23 The Task Shifting Process
Page 87 and 88: Substitution Substitution is differ
Page 89 and 90: which was developed in 2002. This w
Page 91 and 92: al. 2008). Dual practice is another
Page 93 and 94: Figure 24 Motivational determinants
Page 95 and 96: Many of the incentives to health wo
Page 97 and 98: files suggests that more careful at
Page 99 and 100: Management autonomy at community le
Page 101 and 102: Initiative focus Details Context Re
Page 103 and 104: informal, mutual-help action groups
Page 105 and 106: Building relationships with cultura
Page 107 and 108: groups; encouraging recruitment thr
Page 109 and 110: Summary This section has identified
Page 111 and 112: encouraging midwives to proactively
Page 113 and 114: Facilitation & attendance at MOH/ N
Page 115: of community leaders improved the c
Page 119 and 120: information and advice from peers (
Page 121 and 122: esources to provide clinical and ma
Page 123 and 124: Strengthening Education and compete
Page 125 and 126: Table 20 Examples of Partnership ap
Page 127 and 128: Table 21 Learner needs analysis and
Page 129 and 130: Table 22 Some approaches to the des
Page 131 and 132: Participants/ Method / document typ
Page 133 and 134: strengthening and establishing accr
Page 135 and 136: Participants / context LMICs method
Page 137 and 138: alongside health service improvemen
Page 139 and 140: Country / cadre Niger: Birth attend
Page 141 and 142: Country / cadre Indonesia Surabaya
Page 143 and 144: Lessons learned from countries that
Page 145 and 146: Malaysia The sharp decline in mater
Page 147 and 148: although supplemented with epidemio
Page 149 and 150: A technical meeting in Bangkok in 2
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Page 153 and 154: flexibility in order to overcome ge
Page 155 and 156: up skilled birth attendance‖. The
Page 157 and 158: Scaling up of the Navrongo service
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Page 161 and 162: Figure 37 Critical success factors
Page 163 and 164: Health system standards are explici
Page 165 and 166: prevalence rate, however in order t
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(Dieleman 2006) Selected key indica
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In order to determine the answers t
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Summary of findings This narrative
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Health worker performance is theref
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Discussion and Recommendations What
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outlines how the HRH information ba
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communities. A collaborative approa
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Table 29 Examples of HRH performanc
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Appendices Appendix 1. MDG5 Country
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World Health Statistics http://www.
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Appendix 3. Sources of all material
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Data source Keywords used in search
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Appendix 4: Barriers and Constraint
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Area Barriers & constraints in MNRH
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Area Barriers & constraints in MNRH
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Appendix 5 Literature that document
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P a g e | 206
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IMNCI PMTCT Perinatal Period Postna
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Ambegaokar, M., Lush, L. (2004). "F
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Barrett, B., J. Ladinsky, et al. (2
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University South Africa with the Re
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Cruse, D. (1997). Community Health
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Elson, D., Evers, B. (1998). Sector
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Flanagan, D., Williams, C., Mahler,
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Greenwood, A. M., Bradley, A.K., By
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Howard, G., Bogh, C., Goldstein, G.
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Jhpeigo (1998). Participatory techn
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Kroll, D., Dwyer, D. (1994). "Postn
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Manandhar, D. S., D. Osrin, et al.
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Morisky, D. E. (1985-86). "Evaluati
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O‘Brien-Pallas, L., Irvine, D., P
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Pfeiffer, J. and J. Pfeiffer (2003)
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Replogle, J. (2007). "Training Trad
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Shankar, A., S. Sebayang, et al. (2
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Teela, K. C., L. C. Mullany, et al.
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van Damm, W., et. al (2008). "Scali
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WHO (2008). Global Standards for In
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