Human Resources for Health in Maternal, Neonatal and - HRH ...

Figures
Figure 1 The continuum of care and possible interventions undertaken by HRH at community
level .......................................................................................................................................... 18
Figure 2 Effective HRH and quality MNRH practice ............................................................. 19
Figure 3 A schematic model of the ideal health care pyramid, linking the three levels - family
and community, health centre, and district hospital ................................................................ 20
Figure 4 Areas of Community Health Practice ........................................................................ 22
Figure 5 Millennium Development Goal 5: Improve maternal health .................................... 24
Figure 6 Causes of maternal mortality ..................................................................................... 25
Figure 7 Causes of neonatal mortality ..................................................................................... 25
Figure 8 Examples of factors that influence the impact and sustainability of community
health programmes ................................................................................................................... 27
Figure 9 Eight Steps to Effective Use of Health Services by the Poor .................................... 28
Figure 10 Overview of HRH at community level .................................................................... 30
Figure 11 The relationship between density of health workers and child, maternal and infant
survival ..................................................................................................................................... 35
Figure 12 Relationship between service provision, the health system and HRH .................... 37
Figure 13 Summary of sources, document numbers and processes in this review .................. 43
Figure 14 Barriers issues and constraints to HRH practice in MNRH at community level .... 46
Figure 15 Estimated critical shortages of doctors, nurses and midwives, by WHO region .... 47
Figure 16 Density of health workers (doctors, nurses and midwives) in the Pacific............... 48
Figure 17 Trends in proportion of births attended by SBAs 1990-2005 and projection for
2015 in SEARO countries ........................................................................................................ 49
Figure 18 The Capacity Project approach to strengthening HRH ........................................... 57
Figure 19 The strategies, objectives and values of HRM ........................................................ 61
Figure 20 Conceptual framework for effective management of nursing and midwifery ........ 62
Figure 21 Performance Management System .......................................................................... 66
Figure 22 Steps in the PRIME II Performance Improvement process..................................... 69
Figure 23 The Task Shifting Process and requirements .......................................................... 84
Figure 24 Motivational determinants and processes ................................................................ 92
Figure 25 Leadership outcomes focused on human resource development ............................ 97
Figure 26 Factors affecting health worker partnership building with communities .............. 111
Figure 27 Ways in which community members can be involved in HRH processes ............ 111
Figure 28 key aspects involved in the improvement of education and training .................... 122
Figure 29 MMR and percentage of live births with skilled attendance, Sri Lanka, 1930 – 1996
................................................................................................................................................ 143
Figure 30 Phases of Health Systems Development for Maternal Health as Related to
Reduction in Maternal Mortality Ratio, ................................................................................. 144
Figure 31 Issues for program managers and policy makers when planning when considering
scaling up human resources for health ................................................................................... 151
Figure 32 Examples of structural and economic changes in Indonesia which impacted upon
improved HRH performance.................................................................................................. 153
Figure 33 Essential elements and monitoring points for scaling up skilled birth attendance 154
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