Biology And Management Of White-tailed Deer In Alabama

factors such as reproductive success and mortality affect a population.
During the early stages of population growth, deer numbers are low
and quality forage is abundant. Consequently, mortality is low and
reproductive output is high. As the population increases, so does competition
for quality forage and other habitat components. This increased
competition leads to lower reproductive output and fawn survival. The
fawn recruitment rate eventually reaches a point where it equals the
mortality rate and the population stops growing. Physical condition of
the herd is usually poor and disease problems may be chronic. A deer
herd at this point has reached absolute carrying capacity or CC K.
The population level at absolute or CC K consists of the maximum
number of animals the habitat can support. At any level above
CC K, plants in the habitat are utilized at a rate greater than they can
sustain. In terms of deer management, the term reasonable carrying
capacity (RCC) may more accurately describe the maximum number
of animals acceptable relative to herd quality, habitat integrity, and
other social constraints. RCC is reached at a population level that
is lower than CC K. At RCC, the population level is at the upper
limits of the habitat’s capacity to sustain the population in good condition
throughout the year. RCC takes into consideration seasonal
fluctuations in habitat quality, impacts to other wildlife species, and
human considerations.
THE NECESSITY OF HERD MANAGEMENT
The example of the George Reserve relays the importance of
controlling deer population levels. Deer managers should be cautioned
that maintaining a deer population at carrying capacity is a risky and
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