Biology And Management Of White-tailed Deer In Alabama

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BUCKWHEAT Planting Date: May 1 - June 1 Seeding Rate a : 50-70 pounds per acre (broadcasted), 30-40 pounds per acre (drilled) Planting Depth: 1/4 to 1-inch Comments: Buckwheat grows well in a variety of soil types and can be planted in areas with only minimal soil preparation. Buckwheat is highly palatable to deer, but cannot handle heavy browsing. For this reason, it can be quite difficult to establish in areas with high deer numbers. CORN Planting Date: March 15 - May 1 Seeding Rate a : 12-15 pounds per acre (broadcasted), 10-12 pounds per acre (drilled) Planting Depth: 1-inch Comments: Corn is highly preferred by deer, both during development and after the corn has dried. Corn is a high-carbohydrate food that enables deer to put on large amounts of fat during the fall. Corn is low in protein when compared to many other crops planted for deer. Although planted in the spring, most of the crop will not be utilized until fall and winter. Like alfalfa, it can be expensive and require a lot of maintenance to produce a good crop. Corn is best suited to welldrained, upland sites. 166
COWPEAS Planting Date: May 1 - July 15 Seeding Rate a : 40-90 b pounds per acre (broadcasted), 15-30 b pounds per acre (drilled) Planting Depth: 1-inch Comments: Cowpeas are highly nutritious (high-protein), highly productive, and highly preferred by deer. They cannot handle heavy browsing, so larger fields should be planted to maximize production. Cowpeas grow on a variety of sites, but do best when planted on well-drained fertile sites. They can be planted with companion plants, such as grain sorghum, Aeschynomene, or alyce clover. Numerous varieties of cowpeas are available, including both bush and climbing/trailing varieties. Varieties commonly planted for deer include combine, iron clay, Catjang, Tory, and Wilcox. GRAIN SORGHUM Planting Date: April 15 - June 30 Seeding Rate a : 15-20 pounds per acre (broadcasted), 8-12 pounds per acre (drilled) Planting Depth: 1/2 to 1-inch Comments: Grain sorghum is a warm-season grain that will grow in a wide variety of soils. Although deer will often consume the plant during early growth and the seed heads once they mature, sorghum is most valuable as a support crop for more nutritious deer forages, such as Aeschynomene, alyce clover, and cowpeas. <strong>In</strong> addition, grain sorghum produces an abundance of seeds that are readily consumed by doves, quail, and turkey. 167
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Biology and Management of White-tai
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Table of Contents PREFACE .........
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JAWBONE EXTRACTION ................
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors gratefu
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PREFACE White-tailed deer (Odocoile
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TAXONOMY The white-tailed deer is o
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darker winter coat. Fawns are born
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Deer have many glands that are used
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tiates antler growth. The secretion
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DEER BEHAVIOR VOCALIZATION AND COMM
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Among bucks, two males of equal sta
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out the Southeast have reported dis
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check their scrapes regularly to de
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The sex ratio of fawns at birth is
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(midges) are highest. To date there
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is extremely unlikely to fall prey
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and even fawn production—will be,
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and living body tissue. Many of the
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trace elements are important to a d
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are compatible with other objective
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tural crops may be used heavily as
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providing nutritious cool-season fo
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SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT OF HABITAT COMP
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Soil quality has a significant impa
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Determining CC for deer habitat can
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cycle of poor deer herd and habitat
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dam and her new fawns later in the
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POPULATION DENSITY The number of an
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determining exactly how many indivi
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searching for breeding opportunitie
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comes intense with improved buck ag
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the 1960s, deer were restocked in m
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sive quality deer management progra
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factors such as reproductive succes
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egulation of deer populations ensur
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The above graphs represent the hypo
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acceptable hunting satisfaction bec
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proportioned. Clearly, all the elem
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hunters to see numbers of deer whil
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In suboptimal habitats, body weight
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changes occur in herd structure and
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product of QDM and not a major goal
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offset the influences of dispersal
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Two controversial questions related
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It appears removing spike antlered
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guarantee the superior bucks hunter
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Perhaps the most common cause of di
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tivity of the property (Woods 1999b
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may justify a modification of the d
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ces and make management recommendat
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A method for removing jawbones that
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extractor towards the deer’s nose
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spread, basal circumference, and ma
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LACTATION Checking a doe for the pr
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deer seen into more specific classi
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and harvest recommendations for the
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of the year as a comparable type fo
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during the spring and summer, but t
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HERBICIDE TREATMENT Another techniq
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TIMBER HARVEST Periodic removal of
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foods in any area. Fertilizer incre
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Page 127 and 128: areas. Very few of the crops common
Page 129 and 130: samples. These boxes are usually av
Page 131 and 132: ag of fertilizer, while soil test r
Page 133 and 134: Applying the Seed Seed should be ap
Page 135 and 136: cult. Many of these new crops show
Page 137 and 138: acre), and wheat (one bushel per ac
Page 139 and 140: using small portions of the opening
Page 141 and 142: able weight loss at the conclusion
Page 143 and 144: trace minerals. Another considerati
Page 145 and 146: Number 8. P-R Project W-35, Alabama
Page 147 and 148: Tuscaloosa, Alabama. Volume 2, Page
Page 149 and 150: ings of the Role of Genetics in Whi
Page 151 and 152: APPENDICES 141
Page 153 and 154: Appendix 1: AVERAGE BODY WEIGHT, AN
Page 155 and 156: Appendix 3: AGING DEER USING TOOTH
Page 157 and 158: Appendix 3: AGING DEER USING TOOTH
Page 159 and 160: Appendix 4: SELECTIVE ANTLERLESS DE
Page 161 and 162: Appendix 5: GUIDELINES FOR AGING LI
Page 163 and 164: Appendix 5: GUIDELINES FOR AGING LI
Page 165 and 166: Appendix 7: FIELD OBSERVATION FORM
Page 167 and 168: Appendix 9: COOL-SEASON PLANTING GU
Page 169 and 170: CRIMSON CLOVER Planting Date: Septe
Page 171 and 172: RAPE Planting Date: August 15 - Nov
Page 173 and 174: SUBTERRANEAN CLOVER Planting Date:
Page 175: Appendix 10: WARM-SEASON PLANTING G
Page 179 and 180: RAPE Planting Date: April 15 - June
Page 181 and 182: Appendix 11: CONTACT INFORMATION FO
Page 183 and 184: Appendix 12: SUGGESTED READING AND
Page 185: ABOUT THE AUTHORS Chris Cook receiv
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Biology And Management Of White-tailed Deer In Alabama

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