Biology And Management Of White-tailed Deer In Alabama

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VETCH (BIGFLOWER, COMMON, HAIRY) Planting Date: September 1 - November 1 Seeding Rate a : 25-40 pounds per acre (broadcasted), 15-25 pounds per acre (drilled) Planting Depth: 1/2 to 1-inch Comments: Vetch is most productive from late winter (February) until late spring (May). Vetch does best in well-drained, medium textured soils. It is not extremely tolerant of heavy grazing, especially when plants are less than 6 inches tall. Vetch can be planted with small grains and clovers. Reseeding can be encouraged by disking in February every third year. Bigflower vetch is usually more preferred by deer than either hairy or common vetch. WHEAT Planting Date: September 1 - November 1 Seeding Rate a : 90-120 pounds per acre (broadcasted), 50-80 pounds per acre (drilled) Planting Depth: 1/2 to 1-inch Comments: <strong>Of</strong> the small grains, wheat is probably the most commonly planted for cool-season deer plots. Wheat does well in a variety of sites, including fairly wet soils, and is readily consumed by deer. Like rye, it also is more cold hardy than oats. Wheat begins growth early in the fall so it is an excellent choice for including in mixtures with later growing clovers, such as arrowleaf, crimson, red, and ladino. <strong>In</strong>formation taken from Ball et al. 2002, Griffin and Jacobson 1994, Kammermeyer and Thackston 1995, Koerth and Kroll 1994, SCS 1984, Stewart 1999, Stribling 1991, Stribling 1994b, and Woods 1999c. a All seeding rates are for planting a single plant species. If planting in combination with other species, reduce seeding rates by 1/ 2 to 2/3, depending on the number of species used in the combinations. 164
Appendix 10: WARM-SEASON PLANTING GUIDE AESCHYNOMENE (JOINTVETCH) Planting Date: March 1 - June 30 Seeding Rate a : 10-15 pounds per acre (broadcasted), 8-10 pounds per acre (drilled) Planting Depth: 1/2 to 1-inch Comments: Aeschynomene or jointvetch provides excellent, high-protein forage for deer during the summer months. It can be slow to establish due to grass and weed competition. Jointvetch grows best in moist, light textured soils and is not suited for dry sites or sandy soils. It does best when planted with companion plants such as grain sorghum, alyce clover, or cowpeas. ALYCE CLOVER Planting Date: March 15 - June 30 Seeding Rate a : 15-20 pounds per acre (broadcasted), 15-17 pounds per acre (drilled) Planting Depth: 1/4 to 1/2-inch Comments: Alyce clover provides high-quality forage from late spring until first frost. It does not grow well on moist sites and is quite tolerant of dry conditions once established. Alyce clover is not very tolerant of weed competition. It does best when planted with other crops, such as Aeschynomene, cowpeas, or grain sorghum. 165
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Biology and Management of White-tai
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Table of Contents PREFACE .........
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JAWBONE EXTRACTION ................
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors gratefu
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PREFACE White-tailed deer (Odocoile
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TAXONOMY The white-tailed deer is o
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darker winter coat. Fawns are born
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Deer have many glands that are used
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tiates antler growth. The secretion
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DEER BEHAVIOR VOCALIZATION AND COMM
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Among bucks, two males of equal sta
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out the Southeast have reported dis
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check their scrapes regularly to de
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The sex ratio of fawns at birth is
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(midges) are highest. To date there
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is extremely unlikely to fall prey
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and even fawn production—will be,
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and living body tissue. Many of the
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trace elements are important to a d
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are compatible with other objective
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tural crops may be used heavily as
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providing nutritious cool-season fo
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SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT OF HABITAT COMP
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Soil quality has a significant impa
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Determining CC for deer habitat can
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cycle of poor deer herd and habitat
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dam and her new fawns later in the
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POPULATION DENSITY The number of an
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determining exactly how many indivi
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searching for breeding opportunitie
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comes intense with improved buck ag
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the 1960s, deer were restocked in m
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sive quality deer management progra
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factors such as reproductive succes
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egulation of deer populations ensur
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The above graphs represent the hypo
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acceptable hunting satisfaction bec
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proportioned. Clearly, all the elem
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hunters to see numbers of deer whil
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In suboptimal habitats, body weight
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changes occur in herd structure and
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product of QDM and not a major goal
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offset the influences of dispersal
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Two controversial questions related
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It appears removing spike antlered
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guarantee the superior bucks hunter
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Perhaps the most common cause of di
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tivity of the property (Woods 1999b
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may justify a modification of the d
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ces and make management recommendat
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A method for removing jawbones that
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extractor towards the deer’s nose
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spread, basal circumference, and ma
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LACTATION Checking a doe for the pr
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deer seen into more specific classi
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and harvest recommendations for the
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of the year as a comparable type fo
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during the spring and summer, but t
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HERBICIDE TREATMENT Another techniq
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TIMBER HARVEST Periodic removal of
Page 123 and 124: foods in any area. Fertilizer incre
Page 125 and 126: WILDLIFE OPENINGS Of all the manage
Page 127 and 128: areas. Very few of the crops common
Page 129 and 130: samples. These boxes are usually av
Page 131 and 132: ag of fertilizer, while soil test r
Page 133 and 134: Applying the Seed Seed should be ap
Page 135 and 136: cult. Many of these new crops show
Page 137 and 138: acre), and wheat (one bushel per ac
Page 139 and 140: using small portions of the opening
Page 141 and 142: able weight loss at the conclusion
Page 143 and 144: trace minerals. Another considerati
Page 145 and 146: Number 8. P-R Project W-35, Alabama
Page 147 and 148: Tuscaloosa, Alabama. Volume 2, Page
Page 149 and 150: ings of the Role of Genetics in Whi
Page 151 and 152: APPENDICES 141
Page 153 and 154: Appendix 1: AVERAGE BODY WEIGHT, AN
Page 155 and 156: Appendix 3: AGING DEER USING TOOTH
Page 157 and 158: Appendix 3: AGING DEER USING TOOTH
Page 159 and 160: Appendix 4: SELECTIVE ANTLERLESS DE
Page 161 and 162: Appendix 5: GUIDELINES FOR AGING LI
Page 163 and 164: Appendix 5: GUIDELINES FOR AGING LI
Page 165 and 166: Appendix 7: FIELD OBSERVATION FORM
Page 167 and 168: Appendix 9: COOL-SEASON PLANTING GU
Page 169 and 170: CRIMSON CLOVER Planting Date: Septe
Page 171 and 172: RAPE Planting Date: August 15 - Nov
Page 173: SUBTERRANEAN CLOVER Planting Date:
Page 177 and 178: COWPEAS Planting Date: May 1 - July
Page 179 and 180: RAPE Planting Date: April 15 - June
Page 181 and 182: Appendix 11: CONTACT INFORMATION FO
Page 183 and 184: Appendix 12: SUGGESTED READING AND
Page 185: ABOUT THE AUTHORS Chris Cook receiv
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Biology And Management Of White-tailed Deer In Alabama

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