Biology And Management Of White-tailed Deer In Alabama

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RYE Planting Date: September 1 - November 1 Seeding Rate a : 80-115 pounds per acre (broadcasted), 45-75 pounds per acre (drilled) Planting Depth: 1/2 to 1-inch Comments: Rye is a commonly used component of many cool-season food plots. It is best suited to well-drained soils, including sandy sites, and is not as tolerant of wet sites as wheat. <strong>Of</strong> the cereal grains, rye is the most drought tolerant. Rye also is more cold hardy than oats. It does well when planted in combination with other small grains and clovers. RYEGRASS Planting Date: September 1 - November 1 Seeding Rate a : 40-60 pounds per acre (broadcasted), 30-40 pounds per acre (drilled) Planting Depth: 1/2 to 1-inch Comments: Ryegrass is moderately preferred by deer and will not receive much use in areas where more palatable food is available. It will grow on most sites and poorly prepared seedbeds. Ryegrass will reseed and plots can be maintained by disking and fertilizing in the fall. Additional seed may need to be applied to get thick stands. Ryegrass can be planted with a variety of other plants, including small grains and clovers, but will usually form dense stands that can adversely affect the other crops, especially clovers. There are many better choices for fall food plots. 162
SUBTERRANEAN CLOVER Planting Date: September 1 - November 1 Seeding Rate a : 10-20 pounds per acre (broadcasted), 8-10 pounds per acre (drilled) Planting Depth: 1/4 to 1/2-inch Comments: Like nearly all clovers, subterranean clover is a nutritious forage that is readily consumed by deer. This species of clover reaches peak productivity in late winter and early spring, and reaches maturity before the summer stress period. Subterranean clover does best in open areas, but it is more tolerant of shade than most clovers. This clover is a good choice for seeding logging roads and under thinned timber stands. It is best suited for well-drained sites. Subterranean clover can be planted with other clovers and small grains. Varieties include Mt. Barker, Meterora, Woogenellup, Nangech, and Tallarook. TRITICALE Planting Date: September 1 - November 1 Seeding Rate a : 90-120 pounds per acre (broadcasted), 50-80 pounds per acre (drilled) Planting Depth: 1/2 to 1-inch Comments: Triticale is a hybrid between rye and wheat. Some possible advantages triticale has over wheat or rye are that it often does better in colder climates and on less fertile areas. This grain can be used in combinations much the same as wheat, oats, or rye. 163
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Biology and Management of White-tai
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Table of Contents PREFACE .........
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JAWBONE EXTRACTION ................
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors gratefu
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PREFACE White-tailed deer (Odocoile
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TAXONOMY The white-tailed deer is o
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darker winter coat. Fawns are born
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Deer have many glands that are used
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tiates antler growth. The secretion
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DEER BEHAVIOR VOCALIZATION AND COMM
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Among bucks, two males of equal sta
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out the Southeast have reported dis
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check their scrapes regularly to de
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The sex ratio of fawns at birth is
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(midges) are highest. To date there
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is extremely unlikely to fall prey
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and even fawn production—will be,
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and living body tissue. Many of the
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trace elements are important to a d
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are compatible with other objective
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tural crops may be used heavily as
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providing nutritious cool-season fo
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SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT OF HABITAT COMP
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Soil quality has a significant impa
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Determining CC for deer habitat can
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cycle of poor deer herd and habitat
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dam and her new fawns later in the
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POPULATION DENSITY The number of an
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determining exactly how many indivi
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searching for breeding opportunitie
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comes intense with improved buck ag
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the 1960s, deer were restocked in m
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sive quality deer management progra
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factors such as reproductive succes
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egulation of deer populations ensur
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The above graphs represent the hypo
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acceptable hunting satisfaction bec
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proportioned. Clearly, all the elem
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hunters to see numbers of deer whil
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In suboptimal habitats, body weight
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changes occur in herd structure and
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product of QDM and not a major goal
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offset the influences of dispersal
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Two controversial questions related
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It appears removing spike antlered
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guarantee the superior bucks hunter
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Perhaps the most common cause of di
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tivity of the property (Woods 1999b
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may justify a modification of the d
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ces and make management recommendat
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A method for removing jawbones that
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extractor towards the deer’s nose
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spread, basal circumference, and ma
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LACTATION Checking a doe for the pr
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deer seen into more specific classi
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and harvest recommendations for the
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of the year as a comparable type fo
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during the spring and summer, but t
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HERBICIDE TREATMENT Another techniq
Page 121 and 122: TIMBER HARVEST Periodic removal of
Page 123 and 124: foods in any area. Fertilizer incre
Page 125 and 126: WILDLIFE OPENINGS Of all the manage
Page 127 and 128: areas. Very few of the crops common
Page 129 and 130: samples. These boxes are usually av
Page 131 and 132: ag of fertilizer, while soil test r
Page 133 and 134: Applying the Seed Seed should be ap
Page 135 and 136: cult. Many of these new crops show
Page 137 and 138: acre), and wheat (one bushel per ac
Page 139 and 140: using small portions of the opening
Page 141 and 142: able weight loss at the conclusion
Page 143 and 144: trace minerals. Another considerati
Page 145 and 146: Number 8. P-R Project W-35, Alabama
Page 147 and 148: Tuscaloosa, Alabama. Volume 2, Page
Page 149 and 150: ings of the Role of Genetics in Whi
Page 151 and 152: APPENDICES 141
Page 153 and 154: Appendix 1: AVERAGE BODY WEIGHT, AN
Page 155 and 156: Appendix 3: AGING DEER USING TOOTH
Page 157 and 158: Appendix 3: AGING DEER USING TOOTH
Page 159 and 160: Appendix 4: SELECTIVE ANTLERLESS DE
Page 161 and 162: Appendix 5: GUIDELINES FOR AGING LI
Page 163 and 164: Appendix 5: GUIDELINES FOR AGING LI
Page 165 and 166: Appendix 7: FIELD OBSERVATION FORM
Page 167 and 168: Appendix 9: COOL-SEASON PLANTING GU
Page 169 and 170: CRIMSON CLOVER Planting Date: Septe
Page 171: RAPE Planting Date: August 15 - Nov
Page 175 and 176: Appendix 10: WARM-SEASON PLANTING G
Page 177 and 178: COWPEAS Planting Date: May 1 - July
Page 179 and 180: RAPE Planting Date: April 15 - June
Page 181 and 182: Appendix 11: CONTACT INFORMATION FO
Page 183 and 184: Appendix 12: SUGGESTED READING AND
Page 185: ABOUT THE AUTHORS Chris Cook receiv
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Biology And Management Of White-tailed Deer In Alabama

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