Biology And Management Of White-tailed Deer In Alabama

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Koerth, B. H. and J. C. Kroll. 1994. The Southern Food Plot Manual. Institute for White-tailed Deer Management and Research, Nacogdoches, Texas. 132 pages. Kroll, J. C. 1994. A Practical Guide to Producing and Harvesting Whitetailed Deer. Stephen F. Austin Sate University Press, Nacogdoches, Texas. 590 pages. McDonald, J. S. and K. V. Miller. 1993. A History of White-tailed Deer Restocking in the United States 1878 to 1992. Research Publication 93- 1. The Quality Deer Management Association, Watkinsville, Georgia. 109 pages. Miller, K. V. 1997. What Do We Know About Deer Scent Communication? Proceedings of the Second Annual White-tailed Deer Shortcourse, Gulf States Paper Corporation, Tuscaloosa, Alabama. Volume 2, Pages 36-42. Miller, K. V., K. E. Kammermeyer, R. L. Marchinton, and E. B. Moser. 1987. Population and Habitat Influences on Antler Rubbing in Whitetailed Deer. Journal of Wildlife Management. Volume 51, Pages 62- 66. Miller, K. V., R. L. Marchinton, and J. J. Ozoga. 1995. Deer Sociobiology. Pages 118-128 in K. V. Miller and R. L. Marchinton, eds., Quality Whitetails – The Why and How of Quality Deer Management. Stackpole Books, Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania. Miller, K. V., R. L. Marchinton, and T. Atkeson. 1997. How Do Deer Talk? Proceedings of the Second Annual White-tailed Deer Shortcourse, Gulf States Paper Corporation, Tuscaloosa, Alabama. Volume 2, Pages 85-89. Mitchell, C. J. and W. P. Smith. 1991. Reliability of Techniques for Determining Age in Southern White-tailed Deer. Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science. Volume 66, Pages 117-120. Ott, J. R., J. T. Baccus, S. W. Roberts, D. E. Harmel, E. Fuchs, W. E. Armstrong. 1998. The Comparative Performance of Spike- and Forkantlered Yearling White-tailed Deer: The Basis for Selection. Proceed- 138
ings of the Role of Genetics in White-tailed Deer Management Symposium, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas. Volume 1, Pages 22-32. Ozoga, J. J., and L. J. Verme. 1985. Comparative Breeding Behavior and Performance of Yearling vs. Prime Age White-tailed Bucks. Journal of Wildlife Management. Volume 49, Pages 364-372. Ryel, L. A., L. D. Fay, and R .C. Van Etten. 1961. Validity of Age Determination in Michigan Deer. Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters. Volume 46, Pages 289-316. Sauer, P. R. 1971 Tooth Sectioning vs. Tooth Wear for Assigning Age to White-tailed Deer. Transactions of the Northeast Fish and Wildlife Conference. Volume 28, Pages 9-20. Severinghaus, C. W. 1949. Tooth Replacement and Wear as Criteria of Age in White-tailed Deer. Journal of Wildlife Management. Volume 13, Pages 195-216. Shultz, S. R. and M. K. Johnson. 1992. Effects of Supplemental Mineral Licks on White-tailed Deer. Wildlife Society Bulletin. Volume 20, Pages 303-308. Soil Conservation Service. 1984. Mississippi Planting Guide. Jackson, Mississippi. 40 pages. Stewart, D. 1999. Wildlife Food Planting Guide for the Southeast. Publication 2111. Mississippi State University Extension Service, Mississippi State University, Mississippi. 29 pages. Stribling, H. L. 1991. Cool-season Food Plots for Deer. Circular ANR- 592. Alabama Cooperative Extension Service, Auburn University, Alabama. 2 pages. Stribling, H. L. 1994a. Fertilizing Honeysuckle for Deer. Circular ANR- 887. Alabama Cooperative Extension Service, Auburn University, Alabama. 2 pages. Stribling, H. L. 1994b. Wildlife Planting and Practices. Circular ANR- 139
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Biology and Management of White-tai
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Table of Contents PREFACE .........
Page 7 and 8:
JAWBONE EXTRACTION ................
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors gratefu
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PREFACE White-tailed deer (Odocoile
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TAXONOMY The white-tailed deer is o
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darker winter coat. Fawns are born
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Deer have many glands that are used
Page 19 and 20:
tiates antler growth. The secretion
Page 21 and 22:
DEER BEHAVIOR VOCALIZATION AND COMM
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Among bucks, two males of equal sta
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out the Southeast have reported dis
Page 27 and 28:
check their scrapes regularly to de
Page 29 and 30:
The sex ratio of fawns at birth is
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(midges) are highest. To date there
Page 33 and 34:
is extremely unlikely to fall prey
Page 35 and 36:
and even fawn production—will be,
Page 37 and 38:
and living body tissue. Many of the
Page 39 and 40:
trace elements are important to a d
Page 41 and 42:
are compatible with other objective
Page 43 and 44:
tural crops may be used heavily as
Page 45 and 46:
providing nutritious cool-season fo
Page 47 and 48:
SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT OF HABITAT COMP
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Soil quality has a significant impa
Page 51 and 52:
Determining CC for deer habitat can
Page 53 and 54:
cycle of poor deer herd and habitat
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dam and her new fawns later in the
Page 57 and 58:
POPULATION DENSITY The number of an
Page 59 and 60:
determining exactly how many indivi
Page 61 and 62:
searching for breeding opportunitie
Page 63 and 64:
comes intense with improved buck ag
Page 65 and 66:
the 1960s, deer were restocked in m
Page 67 and 68:
sive quality deer management progra
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factors such as reproductive succes
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egulation of deer populations ensur
Page 73 and 74:
The above graphs represent the hypo
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acceptable hunting satisfaction bec
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proportioned. Clearly, all the elem
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hunters to see numbers of deer whil
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In suboptimal habitats, body weight
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changes occur in herd structure and
Page 85 and 86:
product of QDM and not a major goal
Page 87 and 88:
offset the influences of dispersal
Page 89 and 90:
Two controversial questions related
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It appears removing spike antlered
Page 93 and 94:
guarantee the superior bucks hunter
Page 95 and 96:
Perhaps the most common cause of di
Page 97 and 98: tivity of the property (Woods 1999b
Page 99 and 100: may justify a modification of the d
Page 101 and 102: ces and make management recommendat
Page 103 and 104: A method for removing jawbones that
Page 105 and 106: extractor towards the deer’s nose
Page 107 and 108: spread, basal circumference, and ma
Page 109 and 110: LACTATION Checking a doe for the pr
Page 111 and 112: deer seen into more specific classi
Page 113 and 114: and harvest recommendations for the
Page 115 and 116: of the year as a comparable type fo
Page 117 and 118: during the spring and summer, but t
Page 119 and 120: HERBICIDE TREATMENT Another techniq
Page 121 and 122: TIMBER HARVEST Periodic removal of
Page 123 and 124: foods in any area. Fertilizer incre
Page 125 and 126: WILDLIFE OPENINGS Of all the manage
Page 127 and 128: areas. Very few of the crops common
Page 129 and 130: samples. These boxes are usually av
Page 131 and 132: ag of fertilizer, while soil test r
Page 133 and 134: Applying the Seed Seed should be ap
Page 135 and 136: cult. Many of these new crops show
Page 137 and 138: acre), and wheat (one bushel per ac
Page 139 and 140: using small portions of the opening
Page 141 and 142: able weight loss at the conclusion
Page 143 and 144: trace minerals. Another considerati
Page 145 and 146: Number 8. P-R Project W-35, Alabama
Page 147: Tuscaloosa, Alabama. Volume 2, Page
Page 151 and 152: APPENDICES 141
Page 153 and 154: Appendix 1: AVERAGE BODY WEIGHT, AN
Page 155 and 156: Appendix 3: AGING DEER USING TOOTH
Page 157 and 158: Appendix 3: AGING DEER USING TOOTH
Page 159 and 160: Appendix 4: SELECTIVE ANTLERLESS DE
Page 161 and 162: Appendix 5: GUIDELINES FOR AGING LI
Page 163 and 164: Appendix 5: GUIDELINES FOR AGING LI
Page 165 and 166: Appendix 7: FIELD OBSERVATION FORM
Page 167 and 168: Appendix 9: COOL-SEASON PLANTING GU
Page 169 and 170: CRIMSON CLOVER Planting Date: Septe
Page 171 and 172: RAPE Planting Date: August 15 - Nov
Page 173 and 174: SUBTERRANEAN CLOVER Planting Date:
Page 175 and 176: Appendix 10: WARM-SEASON PLANTING G
Page 177 and 178: COWPEAS Planting Date: May 1 - July
Page 179 and 180: RAPE Planting Date: April 15 - June
Page 181 and 182: Appendix 11: CONTACT INFORMATION FO
Page 183 and 184: Appendix 12: SUGGESTED READING AND
Page 185: ABOUT THE AUTHORS Chris Cook receiv
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Biology And Management Of White-tailed Deer In Alabama

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