Biology And Management Of White-tailed Deer In Alabama

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441-449. Harmel, D. E. 1982. Effect of Genetics on Antler Quality and Body Size in White-tailed Deer. Pages 339-348 in R. D. Brown, ed. Antler Development in Cervidae. Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute, Kingsville, Texas. Harmel, D. E., W. E. Armstrong, E. R. Fuchs, E. L. Young, and K. D. McGinty. 1998. The Kerr Area Penned Deer Research Facility. Proceedings of the Role of Genetics in White-tailed Deer Management Symposium, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas. Volume 1, Pages 40-45. Hamilton, J., W. M. Knox, and D. C. Guynn, Jr. 1995. How Quality Deer Management Works. Pages 7-18 in K. V. Miller and R. L. Marchinton eds. Quality Whitetails: The Why and How of Quality Deer Management. Stackpole Books, Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania. Hickie, P. 1937. Four Deer Produce 160 in Six Seasons. Michigan Conservation. Volume 7, Pages 6-7, 11. Hirth, D. H. 1973. Social Behavior of White-tailed Deer in Relation to Habitat. Wildlife Monographs. Volume 53, Pages 1-55. Holzenbein, S. and R. L. Marchinton. 1992. Emigration and Mortality in Orphaned Male White-tailed Deer. Journal of Wildlife Management. Volume 56, Pages 147-153. Jacobs, G. H., J. F. Deegan II, J. Nietz, B. P. Murphy, K. V. Miller, and R. L. Marchinton. 1994. Electrophysiological Measurements of Spectral Mechanisms in the Retinas of Two Cervids: White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and Fallow Deer (Dama dama). Journal of Comparative Physiology. Volume A, Pages 551-557. Jacobson, H. A. 1996. Feeding Periodicity of White-tailed Deer in Mississippi. Annual Meeting of the Southeast Deer Study Group. Volume 19, Page 19. Jacobson, H. A. 1997. Genetics and Antlers. Proceedings of the Second Annual White-tailed Deer Shortcourse, Gulf States Paper Corporation, 136
Tuscaloosa, Alabama. Volume 2, Pages 16-20. Jacobson, H. A. 1998. Culling as a Management Practice for White-tailed Deer: The Dark Side. Proceedings of the Role of Genetics in Whitetailed Deer Management Symposium, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas. Volume 1, Pages 80-82. Jacobson, H. A. and R. J. Reiner. 1989. Estimating Age of White-tailed Deer: Tooth Wear Versus Cementum Annuli. Proceedings of the Annual Conference of Southeastern Fish and Wildlife Agencies. Volume 43, Pages 286-291. Jacobson, H. A. and S. D. Lukefahr. 1998. Genetics Research on Captive White-tailed Deer at Mississippi State University. Proceedings of the Role of Genetics in White-tailed Deer Management Symposium, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas. Volume 1, Pages 46-55. Johnson, M. K., B. W. Delaney, S. P. Lynch, J. A. Zeno, S. R. Schultz, T. W. Kegan, and B. D. Nelson. 1987. Effects of Cool-Season Agronomic Forages on White-tailed Deer. Wildlife Society Bulletin. Volume 15, Pages 330-339. Kammermeyer, K. E. and R. L. Marchinton. 1976. Notes on Dispersal of White-tailed Deer. Journal of Mammalogy. Volume 57, Pages 776- 778. Kammermeyer, K. E. and E. B. Moser. 1990. The Effects of Food Plots, Roads, and Other Variables on Deer Harvest in Northeastern Georgia. Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Game and Fish Commissioners. Volume 44, Pages 364-373. Kammermeyer, K. E. and R. Thackston. 1995. Habitat Management and Supplemental Feeding. Pages 129-154 in K. V. Miller and R. L. Marchinton, eds. Quality Whitetails: The Why and How of Quality Deer Management. Stackpole Books, Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania. Kearley, M. A. and M. K. Causey. 2001. Supplemental Feeding of Free- Ranging White-tailed Deer With Soybeans. P-R Project W-44, Study 26. Alabama Division of Wildlife and Freshwater Fisheries, Montgomery, Alabama. 66 pages. 137
Page 1:
Biology and Management of White-tai
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Table of Contents PREFACE .........
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JAWBONE EXTRACTION ................
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors gratefu
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PREFACE White-tailed deer (Odocoile
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TAXONOMY The white-tailed deer is o
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darker winter coat. Fawns are born
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Deer have many glands that are used
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tiates antler growth. The secretion
Page 21 and 22:
DEER BEHAVIOR VOCALIZATION AND COMM
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Among bucks, two males of equal sta
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out the Southeast have reported dis
Page 27 and 28:
check their scrapes regularly to de
Page 29 and 30:
The sex ratio of fawns at birth is
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(midges) are highest. To date there
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is extremely unlikely to fall prey
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and even fawn production—will be,
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and living body tissue. Many of the
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trace elements are important to a d
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are compatible with other objective
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tural crops may be used heavily as
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providing nutritious cool-season fo
Page 47 and 48:
SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT OF HABITAT COMP
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Soil quality has a significant impa
Page 51 and 52:
Determining CC for deer habitat can
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cycle of poor deer herd and habitat
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dam and her new fawns later in the
Page 57 and 58:
POPULATION DENSITY The number of an
Page 59 and 60:
determining exactly how many indivi
Page 61 and 62:
searching for breeding opportunitie
Page 63 and 64:
comes intense with improved buck ag
Page 65 and 66:
the 1960s, deer were restocked in m
Page 67 and 68:
sive quality deer management progra
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factors such as reproductive succes
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egulation of deer populations ensur
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The above graphs represent the hypo
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acceptable hunting satisfaction bec
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proportioned. Clearly, all the elem
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hunters to see numbers of deer whil
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In suboptimal habitats, body weight
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changes occur in herd structure and
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product of QDM and not a major goal
Page 87 and 88:
offset the influences of dispersal
Page 89 and 90:
Two controversial questions related
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It appears removing spike antlered
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guarantee the superior bucks hunter
Page 95 and 96: Perhaps the most common cause of di
Page 97 and 98: tivity of the property (Woods 1999b
Page 99 and 100: may justify a modification of the d
Page 101 and 102: ces and make management recommendat
Page 103 and 104: A method for removing jawbones that
Page 105 and 106: extractor towards the deer’s nose
Page 107 and 108: spread, basal circumference, and ma
Page 109 and 110: LACTATION Checking a doe for the pr
Page 111 and 112: deer seen into more specific classi
Page 113 and 114: and harvest recommendations for the
Page 115 and 116: of the year as a comparable type fo
Page 117 and 118: during the spring and summer, but t
Page 119 and 120: HERBICIDE TREATMENT Another techniq
Page 121 and 122: TIMBER HARVEST Periodic removal of
Page 123 and 124: foods in any area. Fertilizer incre
Page 125 and 126: WILDLIFE OPENINGS Of all the manage
Page 127 and 128: areas. Very few of the crops common
Page 129 and 130: samples. These boxes are usually av
Page 131 and 132: ag of fertilizer, while soil test r
Page 133 and 134: Applying the Seed Seed should be ap
Page 135 and 136: cult. Many of these new crops show
Page 137 and 138: acre), and wheat (one bushel per ac
Page 139 and 140: using small portions of the opening
Page 141 and 142: able weight loss at the conclusion
Page 143 and 144: trace minerals. Another considerati
Page 145: Number 8. P-R Project W-35, Alabama
Page 149 and 150: ings of the Role of Genetics in Whi
Page 151 and 152: APPENDICES 141
Page 153 and 154: Appendix 1: AVERAGE BODY WEIGHT, AN
Page 155 and 156: Appendix 3: AGING DEER USING TOOTH
Page 157 and 158: Appendix 3: AGING DEER USING TOOTH
Page 159 and 160: Appendix 4: SELECTIVE ANTLERLESS DE
Page 161 and 162: Appendix 5: GUIDELINES FOR AGING LI
Page 163 and 164: Appendix 5: GUIDELINES FOR AGING LI
Page 165 and 166: Appendix 7: FIELD OBSERVATION FORM
Page 167 and 168: Appendix 9: COOL-SEASON PLANTING GU
Page 169 and 170: CRIMSON CLOVER Planting Date: Septe
Page 171 and 172: RAPE Planting Date: August 15 - Nov
Page 173 and 174: SUBTERRANEAN CLOVER Planting Date:
Page 175 and 176: Appendix 10: WARM-SEASON PLANTING G
Page 177 and 178: COWPEAS Planting Date: May 1 - July
Page 179 and 180: RAPE Planting Date: April 15 - June
Page 181 and 182: Appendix 11: CONTACT INFORMATION FO
Page 183 and 184: Appendix 12: SUGGESTED READING AND
Page 185: ABOUT THE AUTHORS Chris Cook receiv
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Biology And Management Of White-tailed Deer In Alabama

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