Biology And Management Of White-tailed Deer In Alabama

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WEIGHTS Weights can be collected as live weights (body completely intact) or dressed weights (guts removed). Never estimate weights. Make sure the weight is clearly identified as live or dressed weights on the data sheet. Data sheets should have a column for both weights, but in most situations only one or the other is needed. Live weights are preferred because there is only one way to get this weight. Techniques for measuring dressed weights can vary. One hunter may consider a deer dressed after removing the stomach and intestines only, while another hunter may remove stomach, intestines, liver, lungs, heart, etc. For most purposes, if dressed weights are taken, they should be taken with all internal organs removed from the chest and abdomen. Leave all other body parts (head, feet, etc.) intact. The most common scale used to weigh deer is the 300-pound spring scale commonly sold at farmers’ co-ops and forestry equipment supply houses. Any accurate scale will work fine. To check for accuracy, weigh something of known weight on the scales. Calibrate to the correct weight if the scales are off. Most scales have an adjustment screw for making corrections. Do not round weights off to the nearest five or ten pound increment. Weights should be recorded as accurately as possible to the nearest pound. ANTLER MEASUREMENTS Nearly everyone who keeps harvest records makes a note of the total number of antler points on harvested bucks. Although useful, several other measurements give a better impression of a rack’s true size. In addition to the number of points, a buck’s maximum inside 96
spread, basal circumference, and main beam length also should be recorded. Measurements should be taken on both antlers on all bucks, including spikes. If the main beam is broken, record the basal circumference and make a note about the broken antler on the data sheet. In the case of broken antlers, note the number of points on the full antler and the number of points on the broken antler (e. g., 5 x 1). All antler measurements should be recorded to the nearest 1/8-inch using a flexible, 1/4-inch steel measuring tape as follows: 1 - Even if a ring can be hung from a knob on an antler, it does not necessarily qualify as a point. Points should be recorded only if they are at least 1-inch long. 2 - Inside Spread is the widest point between the two main beams, measured at a right angle to the center of the skull. If the majority of one of the main beams is broken off, do not record this measurement. 97
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Biology and Management of White-tai
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Table of Contents PREFACE .........
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JAWBONE EXTRACTION ................
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors gratefu
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PREFACE White-tailed deer (Odocoile
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TAXONOMY The white-tailed deer is o
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darker winter coat. Fawns are born
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Deer have many glands that are used
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tiates antler growth. The secretion
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DEER BEHAVIOR VOCALIZATION AND COMM
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Among bucks, two males of equal sta
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out the Southeast have reported dis
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check their scrapes regularly to de
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The sex ratio of fawns at birth is
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(midges) are highest. To date there
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is extremely unlikely to fall prey
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and even fawn production—will be,
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and living body tissue. Many of the
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trace elements are important to a d
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are compatible with other objective
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tural crops may be used heavily as
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providing nutritious cool-season fo
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SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT OF HABITAT COMP
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Soil quality has a significant impa
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Determining CC for deer habitat can
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cycle of poor deer herd and habitat
Page 55 and 56: dam and her new fawns later in the
Page 57 and 58: POPULATION DENSITY The number of an
Page 59 and 60: determining exactly how many indivi
Page 61 and 62: searching for breeding opportunitie
Page 63 and 64: comes intense with improved buck ag
Page 65 and 66: the 1960s, deer were restocked in m
Page 67 and 68: sive quality deer management progra
Page 69 and 70: factors such as reproductive succes
Page 71 and 72: egulation of deer populations ensur
Page 73 and 74: The above graphs represent the hypo
Page 75 and 76: acceptable hunting satisfaction bec
Page 77 and 78: proportioned. Clearly, all the elem
Page 79 and 80: hunters to see numbers of deer whil
Page 81 and 82: In suboptimal habitats, body weight
Page 83 and 84: changes occur in herd structure and
Page 85 and 86: product of QDM and not a major goal
Page 87 and 88: offset the influences of dispersal
Page 89 and 90: Two controversial questions related
Page 91 and 92: It appears removing spike antlered
Page 93 and 94: guarantee the superior bucks hunter
Page 95 and 96: Perhaps the most common cause of di
Page 97 and 98: tivity of the property (Woods 1999b
Page 99 and 100: may justify a modification of the d
Page 101 and 102: ces and make management recommendat
Page 103 and 104: A method for removing jawbones that
Page 105: extractor towards the deer’s nose
Page 109 and 110: LACTATION Checking a doe for the pr
Page 111 and 112: deer seen into more specific classi
Page 113 and 114: and harvest recommendations for the
Page 115 and 116: of the year as a comparable type fo
Page 117 and 118: during the spring and summer, but t
Page 119 and 120: HERBICIDE TREATMENT Another techniq
Page 121 and 122: TIMBER HARVEST Periodic removal of
Page 123 and 124: foods in any area. Fertilizer incre
Page 125 and 126: WILDLIFE OPENINGS Of all the manage
Page 127 and 128: areas. Very few of the crops common
Page 129 and 130: samples. These boxes are usually av
Page 131 and 132: ag of fertilizer, while soil test r
Page 133 and 134: Applying the Seed Seed should be ap
Page 135 and 136: cult. Many of these new crops show
Page 137 and 138: acre), and wheat (one bushel per ac
Page 139 and 140: using small portions of the opening
Page 141 and 142: able weight loss at the conclusion
Page 143 and 144: trace minerals. Another considerati
Page 145 and 146: Number 8. P-R Project W-35, Alabama
Page 147 and 148: Tuscaloosa, Alabama. Volume 2, Page
Page 149 and 150: ings of the Role of Genetics in Whi
Page 151 and 152: APPENDICES 141
Page 153 and 154: Appendix 1: AVERAGE BODY WEIGHT, AN
Page 155 and 156: Appendix 3: AGING DEER USING TOOTH
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Appendix 3: AGING DEER USING TOOTH
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Appendix 4: SELECTIVE ANTLERLESS DE
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Appendix 5: GUIDELINES FOR AGING LI
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Appendix 5: GUIDELINES FOR AGING LI
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Appendix 7: FIELD OBSERVATION FORM
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Appendix 9: COOL-SEASON PLANTING GU
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CRIMSON CLOVER Planting Date: Septe
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RAPE Planting Date: August 15 - Nov
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SUBTERRANEAN CLOVER Planting Date:
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Appendix 10: WARM-SEASON PLANTING G
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COWPEAS Planting Date: May 1 - July
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RAPE Planting Date: April 15 - June
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Appendix 11: CONTACT INFORMATION FO
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Appendix 12: SUGGESTED READING AND
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ABOUT THE AUTHORS Chris Cook receiv
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Biology And Management Of White-tailed Deer In Alabama

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