The global trade in marine ornamental species
The global trade in marine ornamental species The global trade in marine ornamental species
From ocean to aquarium Analysis of trade data Blue-green damselfish, Chromis viridis. The following section will describe analyses of CITES data for trade in stony corals and giant clams, Annex D data for seahorses and GMAD data for fish, corals and invertebrates. Based on sales data supplied by the 58 companies in GMAD and applying the method described in Green 8 the best estimate of annual global trade is between 20 million and 24 million for marine ornamental fish, 11-12 million for corals and 9- 10 million for marine ornamental invertebrates. FISH Records within GMAD for marine ornamental fish range from 1988 to 2003. However, the data are not uniformly distributed and most data were collected for the years 1998 and 1999 for importers’ data and 2000 and 2001 for exporters’ information. Data provided by importers and exporters show that a total of 7,938,828 fish and 3,588,406 fish respectively were traded between 1991 and 2003. (See Table 1.) According to data held in GMAD a total of 1,471 species of fish are traded globally. Most of these species are associated with coral reefs although a relatively high Table 1: Total number of fish traded as ornamentals As derived from exporters’ and importers’ data in GMAD. Year Total fish traded Total fish traded (exporters’ data) (importers’ data) 1991 – 530,612 1992 – 639,070 1993 – 541,063 1994 – 467,715 1995 – 550,028 1996 8,540 812,661 1997 5,268 629,847 1998 15,739 1,326,953 1999 642,961 1,383,106 2000 1,695,414 605,532 2001 1,122,217 434,760 2002 94,084 17,481 2003 4,183 – Total 3,588,406 7,938,828 Figure 1: Global trade of fish broken down by family a. According to exporters’ data in GMAD b. According to importers’ data in GMAD Others 13% Callionymidae 2% Microdesmidae 2% Blenniidae 3% Serranidae 3% Chaetodontidae 4% Pomacanthidae 6% Acanthuridae 6% Gobiidae 7% Labridae 7% Pomacentridae 47% Blenniidae 2% Serranidae 2% Microdesmidae 2% Callionymidae 3% Chaetodontidae 4% Gobiidae 5% Others 17% Labridae 6% Acanthuridae 8% Pomacentridae 43% Pomacanthidae 8% 18
Analysis of trade data number of species are associated with other habitats such as seagrass beds, mangroves and mudflats. According to data provided by exporters, the Philippines, Indonesia, the Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Australia, Fiji, the Maldives and Palau, together, supplied more than 98 per cent of the total number of fish exported between the years 1997 and 2002. (See Table 2.) GMAD trade records from importers for years 1997-2002 showed that the United States, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, France and Germany were the most important countries of destination, comprising 99 per cent of all imports of marine ornamental fish. Exporters’ data revealed Taiwan, Japan and Hong Kong to be important importing areas. (See Table 3.) Looking at the most commonly traded families, species of Pomacentridae dominate, accounting for 43 per cent (according to importers’ data in GMAD) of all fish traded. They are followed by species belonging to Pomacanthidae, Acanthuridae, Labridae, Gobiidae, Chaetodontidae, Callionymidae, Microdesmidae, Serranidae and Blenniidae. (See Figure 1.) For the years 1997-2002, the blue-green damselfish (Chromis viridis), the clown anemonefish (Amphiprion ocellaris), the whitetail dascyllus (Dascyllus aruanus), the sapphire devil (Chrysiptera cyanea) and the threespot dascyllus (Dascyllus trimaculatus) are the most commonly globally traded species. (See Table 4, overleaf.) The top ten species together account for 36 per cent of all fish traded from 1997 to 2002, according to data provided by importers. Table 2: Main source countries of marine ornamental fish Total number of fish traded as derived from exporters’ and importers’ data for the years 1997 to 2002 in GMAD. Percentage of total trade for individual countries is also presented. Origin No. of fish exported % of total no. of Origin No. of fish exported % of total no. of (exporters’ data) fish traded (importers’ data) fish traded Philippines 1,523,854 43 Unknown 3,556,772 81 Indonesia 943,059 26 Indonesia 316,355 7 Solomon Islands 416,262 12 Fiji 237,872 5 Sri Lanka 183,537 5 Philippines 81,294 2 Australia 173,323 5 Sri Lanka 60,220 1 Fiji 131,746 4 Solomon Islands 25,732 1 Maldives 78,018 2 Maldives 22,165 1 Palau 63,482 2 Total 3,513,281 99 Total 4,300,410 98 Table 3: Main importers of marine ornamental fish Total number of fish traded as derived from exporters’ and importers’ data for the years 1997 to 2002 in GMAD. Percentage of total trade for individual countries is also presented. Destination No. of fish imported % of total no. of Destination No. of fish imported % of total no. of (exporters’ data) fish traded (importers’ data) fish traded USA 1,462,347 41 USA 3,054,273 69 Unknown 788,230 22 United Kingdom 874,557 20 Taiwan 244,454 7 Netherlands 264,976 6 Japan 223,613 6 France 103,234 2 Hong Kong 152,738 4 Germany 99,955 2 France 132,439 4 Germany 119,739 3 Netherlands 117,248 3 Italy 70,686 2 United Kingdom 48,911 1 Total 3,360,405 93 Total 4,396,995 99 19
- Page 1 and 2: From Ocean to Aquarium The global t
- Page 3 and 4: UNEP World Conservation Monitoring
- Page 5 and 6: From ocean to aquarium Contents Ack
- Page 7 and 8: Executive summary Copperhead butter
- Page 9 and 10: From ocean to aquarium Introduction
- Page 11 and 12: Introduction Petites îles de la So
- Page 13 and 14: Organization of the trade fish/inve
- Page 15 and 16: From ocean to aquarium Sources of t
- Page 17: Sources of trade data Clown anemone
- Page 21 and 22: Analysis of trade data Table 6: The
- Page 23 and 24: Analysis of trade data Table 7: The
- Page 25 and 26: Analysis of trade data Soft corals
- Page 27 and 28: Analysis of trade data Live rock CI
- Page 29 and 30: Analysis of trade data to the trade
- Page 31 and 32: Analysis of trade data Table 12: Nu
- Page 33 and 34: From ocean to aquarium Conservation
- Page 35 and 36: Conservation issues not prove to be
- Page 37 and 38: Conservation issues might be substa
- Page 39 and 40: Conservation issues fission, is ver
- Page 41 and 42: Conservation issues The mandarinfis
- Page 43 and 44: Conservation issues Male sea goldie
- Page 45 and 46: Conservation issues The harlequin f
- Page 47 and 48: Conservation issues Bagging specime
- Page 49 and 50: Conservation efforts The SMART proj
- Page 51 and 52: Conservation efforts reached a mark
- Page 53 and 54: Conservation efforts Cleaner shrimp
- Page 55 and 56: Conservation efforts focus on rare
- Page 57 and 58: Conservation efforts habitats have
- Page 59 and 60: From ocean to aquarium Endnotes i.
- Page 61 and 62: References 46. Bruckner A (2002). S
- Page 63 and 64: References 142. Cesar H (1996). Eco
- Page 65: From Ocean to Aquarium The global t
From ocean to aquarium<br />
Analysis of<br />
<strong>trade</strong> data<br />
Blue-green damselfish, Chromis viridis.<br />
<strong>The</strong> follow<strong>in</strong>g section will describe analyses of<br />
CITES data for <strong>trade</strong> <strong>in</strong> stony corals and giant<br />
clams, Annex D data for seahorses and GMAD data<br />
for fish, corals and <strong>in</strong>vertebrates. Based on sales data<br />
supplied by the 58 companies <strong>in</strong> GMAD and apply<strong>in</strong>g the<br />
method described <strong>in</strong> Green 8 the best estimate of annual<br />
<strong>global</strong> <strong>trade</strong> is between 20 million and 24 million for<br />
mar<strong>in</strong>e <strong>ornamental</strong> fish, 11-12 million for corals and 9-<br />
10 million for mar<strong>in</strong>e <strong>ornamental</strong> <strong>in</strong>vertebrates.<br />
FISH<br />
Records with<strong>in</strong> GMAD for mar<strong>in</strong>e <strong>ornamental</strong> fish range<br />
from 1988 to 2003. However, the data are not uniformly<br />
distributed and most data were collected for the years<br />
1998 and 1999 for importers’ data and 2000 and 2001 for<br />
exporters’ <strong>in</strong>formation. Data provided by importers and<br />
exporters show that a total of 7,938,828 fish and 3,588,406<br />
fish respectively were <strong>trade</strong>d between 1991 and 2003.<br />
(See Table 1.)<br />
Accord<strong>in</strong>g to data held <strong>in</strong> GMAD a total of 1,471<br />
<strong>species</strong> of fish are <strong>trade</strong>d <strong>global</strong>ly. Most of these <strong>species</strong><br />
are associated with coral reefs although a relatively high<br />
Table 1: Total number of fish <strong>trade</strong>d as<br />
<strong>ornamental</strong>s<br />
As derived from exporters’ and importers’ data <strong>in</strong><br />
GMAD.<br />
Year Total fish <strong>trade</strong>d Total fish <strong>trade</strong>d<br />
(exporters’ data) (importers’ data)<br />
1991 – 530,612<br />
1992 – 639,070<br />
1993 – 541,063<br />
1994 – 467,715<br />
1995 – 550,028<br />
1996 8,540 812,661<br />
1997 5,268 629,847<br />
1998 15,739 1,326,953<br />
1999 642,961 1,383,106<br />
2000 1,695,414 605,532<br />
2001 1,122,217 434,760<br />
2002 94,084 17,481<br />
2003 4,183 –<br />
Total 3,588,406 7,938,828<br />
Figure 1: Global <strong>trade</strong> of fish broken down by family<br />
a. Accord<strong>in</strong>g to exporters’ data <strong>in</strong> GMAD b. Accord<strong>in</strong>g to importers’ data <strong>in</strong> GMAD<br />
Others 13%<br />
Callionymidae 2%<br />
Microdesmidae 2%<br />
Blenniidae 3%<br />
Serranidae 3%<br />
Chaetodontidae 4%<br />
Pomacanthidae 6%<br />
Acanthuridae 6%<br />
Gobiidae 7%<br />
Labridae 7%<br />
Pomacentridae<br />
47%<br />
Blenniidae 2%<br />
Serranidae 2%<br />
Microdesmidae 2%<br />
Callionymidae 3%<br />
Chaetodontidae 4%<br />
Gobiidae 5%<br />
Others 17%<br />
Labridae 6%<br />
Acanthuridae 8%<br />
Pomacentridae<br />
43%<br />
Pomacanthidae 8%<br />
18
Change language