Spyder 3 Camera User's Manual GigE Dual Line - Frame Grabbers
Spyder 3 Camera User's Manual GigE Dual Line - Frame Grabbers Spyder 3 Camera User's Manual GigE Dual Line - Frame Grabbers
66 Spyder 3 GigE User Manual A2.2 Analog and Digital Signal Processing Chain Processing Chain Overview and Description The following diagram shows a simplified block diagram of the camera’s analog and digital processing chain. The analog processing chain begins with an analog gain adjustment, followed by an analog offset adjustment. These adjustments are applied to the video analog signal prior to its digitization by an A/D converter. The digital processing chain contains the FPN correction, the PRNU correction, the background subtract, and the digital gain and offset. All of these elements are user programmable. Figure 24: Signal Processing Chain Analog Processing Digital Processing analog video digital video analog gain sag,ccg analog offset sao,cao PRNU background digital system coefficients subtract gain ccp,cpa ssb ssg FPN coefficients ccf digital offset sdo Analog Processing Optimizing offset performance and gain in the analog domain allows you to achieve a better signal-to-noise ratio and dynamic range than you would achieve by trying to optimize the offset in the digital domain. As a result, perform all analog adjustments prior to any digital adjustments. 1. Analog gain (59Hsag or 60Hccg command) is multiplied by the analog signal to increase the signal strength before the A/D conversion. It is used to take advantage of the full dynamic range of the A/D converter. For example, in a low light situation the brightest part of the image may be consistently coming in at only 50% of the DN. An analog gain of 6 dB (2x) will ensure full use of the dynamic range of the A/D converter. Of course the noise is also increased. 2. The analog offset (61Hsao or 62Hcao command) or black level is an “artificial” offset introduced into the video path to ensure that the A/D is functioning properly. The analog offset should be set so that it is at least 3 times the rms noise value at the current gain. Digital Processing 03-032-10158-06 DALSA
Spyder 3 GigE User’s Manual 67 To optimize camera performance, digital signal processing should be completed after any analog adjustments. 1. Fixed pattern noise (FPN) calibration (calculated using the 63Hccf command) is used to subtract away individual pixel dark current. 2. The digital offset (64Hsdo command) enables the subtraction of the “artificial” A/D offset (the analog offset) so that application of the PRNU coefficient doesn’t result in artifacts at low light levels due to the offset value. You may want to set the 65Hsdo value if you are not using FPN correction but want to perform PRNU correction. 3. Photo-Response Non-Uniformity (PRNU) coefficients (calculated using the 66Hccp or 67Hcpa commands) are used to correct the difference in responsivity of individual pixels (i.e. given the same amount of light different pixels will charge up at different rates) and the change in light intensity across the image either because of the light source or due to optical aberrations (e.g. there may be more light in the center of the image). PRNU coefficients are multipliers and are defined to be of a value greater than or equal to 1. This ensures that all pixels will saturate together. 4. Background subtract (68Hssb command) and system (digital) gain (69Hssg command) are used to increase image contrast after FPN and PRNU calibration. It is useful for systems that process 8-bit data but want to take advantage of the camera’s 12 bit digital processing chain. For example, if you find that your image is consistently between 128 and 255DN(8 bit), you can subtract off 128 (ssb 2048) and then multiply by 2 (ssg 0 8192) to get an output range from 0 to 255. Analog Signal Processing: Setting Analog Gain and Offset All analog signal processing chain commands should be performed prior to FPN and PRNU calibration and prior to digital signal processing commands. Setting Analog Gain Purpose: Syntax: Syntax Elements: Sets the camera’s analog gain value. Analog gain is multiplied by the analog signal to increase the signal strength before the A/D conversion. It is used to take advantage of the full dynamic range of the A/D converter. sag t f t f Tap selection. Use 0 for all taps or 1 to 2 for individual tap selection. Gain value in a range from –10 to +10dB. Notes: • To return the current analog gain setting, use the command 70Hgcp or 71Hget sag. Example: sag 0 5.2 Related Commands: 72Hccg Calibrating Camera Gain DALSA 03-032-10158-06
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<strong>Spyder</strong> 3 <strong>GigE</strong> User’s <strong>Manual</strong><br />
67<br />
To optimize camera performance, digital signal processing should be completed after any<br />
analog adjustments.<br />
1. Fixed pattern noise (FPN) calibration (calculated using the 63Hccf command) is used to<br />
subtract away individual pixel dark current.<br />
2. The digital offset (64Hsdo command) enables the subtraction of the “artificial” A/D<br />
offset (the analog offset) so that application of the PRNU coefficient doesn’t result in<br />
artifacts at low light levels due to the offset value. You may want to set the 65Hsdo value<br />
if you are not using FPN correction but want to perform PRNU correction.<br />
3. Photo-Response Non-Uniformity (PRNU) coefficients (calculated using the 66Hccp or<br />
67Hcpa commands) are used to correct the difference in responsivity of individual pixels<br />
(i.e. given the same amount of light different pixels will charge up at different rates)<br />
and the change in light intensity across the image either because of the light source or<br />
due to optical aberrations (e.g. there may be more light in the center of the image).<br />
PRNU coefficients are multipliers and are defined to be of a value greater than or<br />
equal to 1. This ensures that all pixels will saturate together.<br />
4. Background subtract (68Hssb command) and system (digital) gain (69Hssg command) are<br />
used to increase image contrast after FPN and PRNU calibration. It is useful for<br />
systems that process 8-bit data but want to take advantage of the camera’s 12 bit<br />
digital processing chain. For example, if you find that your image is consistently<br />
between 128 and 255DN(8 bit), you can subtract off 128 (ssb 2048) and then<br />
multiply by 2 (ssg 0 8192) to get an output range from 0 to 255.<br />
Analog Signal Processing: Setting Analog Gain and Offset<br />
All analog signal processing chain commands should be performed prior to FPN and<br />
PRNU calibration and prior to digital signal processing commands.<br />
Setting Analog Gain<br />
Purpose:<br />
Syntax:<br />
Syntax Elements:<br />
Sets the camera’s analog gain value. Analog gain is multiplied by<br />
the analog signal to increase the signal strength before the A/D<br />
conversion. It is used to take advantage of the full dynamic range<br />
of the A/D converter.<br />
sag t f<br />
t<br />
f<br />
Tap selection. Use 0 for all taps or 1 to 2 for individual tap<br />
selection.<br />
Gain value in a range from –10 to +10dB.<br />
Notes: • To return the current analog gain setting, use the command<br />
70Hgcp or 71Hget sag.<br />
Example: sag 0 5.2<br />
Related Commands:<br />
72Hccg<br />
Calibrating <strong>Camera</strong> Gain<br />
DALSA 03-032-10158-06