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"Heat is too great and leak light hard to handle."
-P21266snt cameraman. (Q.2.)
"Arcs throw less heat than Incandescents due to
far greater proportion of the heat rays."-Karl
Struss, United Artists. (a.2.1
"Some of the defects are as follows: Lack of
concentration of lamp filament to give better control
of light beams. Fragility of the lamp- itself ;
glass in larger size lamps being under internal strain
fnd cracking. Filament not as rugged mechanically
as it should be to stand the constant handling. Lack
development o{ mirrors and condensers to uniform
standard to meet the requirements of cameramen
who demand different type lighting."-J. J' Gain,
Paramount. (Q.2.)
"It is a general practice of first rate photographers
to model their subject with general illumination
and to use sharp or point source light for 'catch'
lights or line lighting. If this is what is meant by
'modelling lighting' I believe that the Arcs are a
*o.. pru&i.al type especially where the light has to
be thrown a great di512n6s."-Ilarvey Leavitt, De-
Mille Studio. (Q.2.)
"It is my understanding that about B0 or 90
prints can be made from the average Incandescent
negative. From this angle it appears that a,negative
mJe from Arcs has shown some decided advantage'
However, the setting up of extra cameras or the
duping oi negatives can overcome this minor difficulty."-1tr/.
J. Quinlan, Fox. (4. Z.;
PHOTOGRAPHIC ADVANTAGES
OF INCANDESCENT LIGHTS
The advantages of Incandescent illumination
with relation to photographic quality are commented
on as follows:
"Pictorially," writes J. J. Gain of Paramount in
reply to the first questionnaire, "the use -o{ -Incand.icl.rt
lights has shown us that a wonder{ul improrr.-.ti
can be obtained in certain phases of
photographic quality."
-
"I; oider to obtain so{t photography with Arc
lights it is necessary to difiuse. The Mazda lamp,
o.t the other hand, has a softness to it that does not
need the amount o{ diffusion, if any' required by
the hard light. However, the Mazdas do not carry
as well beyond the object being photographed and
makes the background more difficult to photograph
unless especially illumin213d."*[. George Volck
(Q. ' 1.) i''W'. get a greater degree of roundness and softness
rvith the Incandescent light."-J. M. Nickolaus,
M. G. M. (Q'2.)
"Photographic qualities o{ light from Incandescents
in use with panchromatic film give a :more
actinic lieht than Arcs."-Karl Struss, U.A. (Q.2.)
"In quality Incandescent lighting i5 5sf1s1."-
Oliver Marsh, U. A. (Q.2.)
"We get a greafer rendition of color values and
a smoother flesh tint. This is natural since panchromatic
stock is sensitized toward the red end of
the spectrum and nitrogen light carries much more
color than Arc light."-J .M. Nickolaus, M. G. M.
(Q.2.)
"The Incandescents are better for color and dim
light."-J. J. Gain, Paramount. (4.2.7
"The Incandescent lights, being rich on the red
end of the spectrum, give a much better quality to
faces, particularly where make-up is not used."*
A. George Volck, DeMille' (a. t.)
"With Incandescents we can take close-ups of the
actors with a minimum amount of make-up and get
a skin texture sfiss1."-llsnry Leavitt, DeMille.
(Q.2.)
"A greater naturalness of the objects photographed
is secured by the use of Incandescents."-
D. L. Faralla, First National. (4.2.1
"Better modelling and richer quality in closeups
and medium shots with Mazdas."-Paramount Experimental
Department. (Q. 2.)
"The chief advantages of Incandescents at present
is a better color rendering such as in the case of
people with blue eyes, and better flesh values and
textures." Karl Struss, United Artists. (4.2.1
"Mazda gives better color rendition than Arc
light."-Paramount Experimental Dept. (Q.2.1
"In quality Incandescent lighting softer and better
color Bradations."-Oliver Marsh, United
Artists. (Q.2.)
"Mazda lighting equipment, due to its great
flexibility in arrangement, can be used in many
places where hard lighting is difrcult or impractical.
For example: Behind trees, columns, pilasters, small
objects, beams and the like, we can place individual
globes with reflectors of three or four light strips
which are definitely concealed from the camera, but
at the same time light up the areas behind objects.
In particular, suppose a Cooper-Hewitt tube were
to be placed behind a tree, the candle power obtainable
with this tube is about one-tenth that obtainable
with a four-light strip with 1000-watt
globes, if more light is desired. The Cooper-Hewitt
tube with reflector and the four-light strip occupy
the same space. Furthermore, the Cooper-Hewitt
tubes will not give the color rendition that the
Mazda strip gives."-D. L. Faralla, First National.
(Q. 1.)
"We can get better results in lighting the sets
using the Incandescents and we get many novel
results on account of being able to put lamps where
it is impossible to place Arcs. They also take up
less space and save moving fu1ni1u1s."-J. J. Gain,
Paramount. Q.2.7
"Incandescents are superior to Arc lights both as
to time and quality in places such as caves, Spanish
sets, elevators, office buildings, where it is difficult
to work with hard lights."-Paramount cameraman.
(Q.2.)
"Convenience in lighting and hiding out lights
behind columns, pieces o{ furniture, etc., where
there would be insufficient room {or Arcs and
stands . .greater chances for using natural inf16l