Environmental Impact Statement - Vol 2 of 3 - Main Document
Environmental Impact Statement - Vol 2 of 3 - Main Document
Environmental Impact Statement - Vol 2 of 3 - Main Document
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RIVER ILEN (SKIBBEREEN) DRAINAGE SCHEME<br />
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT<br />
VOLUME II: MAIN DOCUMENT<br />
April 2013<br />
4.7<br />
4.6<br />
4.5<br />
4.4<br />
4.3<br />
4.2<br />
4.1<br />
4.0<br />
3.9<br />
3.8<br />
(kilometer)<br />
3.7<br />
3.6<br />
3.5<br />
3.4<br />
3.3<br />
3.2<br />
3.1<br />
3.0<br />
2.9<br />
2.8<br />
rpsgroup.com/ireland<br />
2.7
RIVER ILEN (SKIBBEREEN) DRAINAGE SCHEME<br />
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT<br />
VOLUME II: MAIN DOCUMENT
DOCUMENT CONTROL SHEET<br />
Client<br />
Project Title<br />
<strong>Document</strong> Title<br />
<strong>Document</strong> No.<br />
Cork County Council & Office <strong>of</strong> Public Works (OPW)<br />
River lien (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> - <strong>Vol</strong>ume" <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
RPS/MCE0703RPOO04F01<br />
This <strong>Document</strong><br />
Comprises<br />
DCS<br />
1<br />
TOC<br />
Text<br />
7 247<br />
List <strong>of</strong> Tables<br />
List <strong>of</strong> Figures<br />
1 1<br />
No. <strong>of</strong> Appendices<br />
0<br />
Rev.<br />
Status<br />
Author(s)<br />
Reviewed By<br />
Approved By<br />
Office <strong>of</strong> Origin<br />
Issue Date<br />
A01<br />
Client<br />
Approval<br />
RPS<br />
Aileen<br />
Fitzgerald<br />
Brendan Brice<br />
Cork<br />
March 2013<br />
F01<br />
Final<br />
RPS<br />
Aileen<br />
Fitzgerald<br />
Jo¥ Barry<br />
Cork<br />
April 2013
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
TABLE OF CONTENTS<br />
1 INTRODUCTION 1-1<br />
1.1 Overview 1-1<br />
1.2 Study Area 1-1<br />
1.3 Brief Description <strong>of</strong> the Proposed Works 1-2<br />
1.4 Purpose and Scope <strong>of</strong> the EIS 1-2<br />
1.5 EIS Team 1-2<br />
1.6 EIS Structure 1-3<br />
2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2-1<br />
2.1 Background and Need for the Drainage Scheme 2-1<br />
2.2 History <strong>of</strong> Flooding 2-1<br />
2.3 Overview <strong>of</strong> the Key Characteristics Of The Proposed Scheme 2-3<br />
2.4 Detailed Description <strong>of</strong> the Proposed Works 2-4<br />
2.5 Site Investigation 2-9<br />
2.6 Outline Construction Stage Methodology 2-9<br />
3 METHODOLOGY 3-1<br />
3.1 <strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> 3-1<br />
3.2 Work Completed To Date 3-1<br />
3.3 Limitations Encountered 3-2<br />
3.4 Consultation 3-2<br />
4 CONSIDERATION OF ALTERNATIVES 4-1<br />
4.1 Introduction 4-1<br />
4.2 Methodology on Assessment ff Alternatives 4-1<br />
4.3 Reasons for Choosing the Preferred Alternative 4-3<br />
4.4 Preferred Alternative 4-4<br />
5 STRATEGIC AND STATUTORY PLANNING CONTEXT 5-1<br />
5.1 Introduction 5-1<br />
5.2 Methodology 5-1<br />
5.3 Strategic Planning Context 5-1<br />
5.4 Statutory Planning Context 5-9<br />
5.5 Conclusions 5-18<br />
6 COMMUNITY AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT 6-1<br />
6.1 Introduction 6-1<br />
6.2 Methodology 6-1<br />
6.3 Description <strong>of</strong> Existing Environment 6-3<br />
6.4 Potential <strong>Impact</strong>s 6-12<br />
6.5 Mitigation Measures 6-24<br />
6.6 Predicted Residual impacts 6-28<br />
7 AQUATIC FLORA AND FAUNA (INCLUDING WATER QUALITY AND<br />
FISHERIES) 7-1<br />
7.1 Introduction 7-1<br />
7.2 Methodology 7-1<br />
7.3 Existing Environment 7-4<br />
7.4 Potential <strong>Impact</strong>s 7-17<br />
7.5 Mitigation Measures 7-20<br />
7.6 Residual <strong>Impact</strong>s 7-22<br />
8 TERRESTRIAL FLORA AND FAUNA 8-1<br />
8.1 Introduction 8-1<br />
8.2 Methodology 8-1<br />
8.3 Existing Environment 8-2<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 i Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
8.4 Potential <strong>Impact</strong>s 8-15<br />
8.5 Mitigation Measures 8-16<br />
8.6 Residual <strong>Impact</strong>s 8-18<br />
9 LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 9-1<br />
9.1 Introduction 9-1<br />
9.2 Methodology 9-2<br />
9.3 Receiving Environment 9-6<br />
9.4 Potential Landscape and Visual <strong>Impact</strong>s 9-9<br />
9.5 Mitigation Measures 9-24<br />
9.6 Conclusion and Residual <strong>Impact</strong> 9-25<br />
10 AIR QUALITY AND CLIMATE 10-1<br />
10.1 Introduction 10-1<br />
10.2 Methodology 10-1<br />
10.3 Existing Environment 10-7<br />
10.4 Potential Air Quality and Climate <strong>Impact</strong>s 10-11<br />
10.5 Do-Nothing <strong>Impact</strong> 10-13<br />
10.6 Mitigation Measures 10-13<br />
10.7 Residual <strong>Impact</strong>s 10-14<br />
11 NOISE AND VIBRATION 11-1<br />
11.1 Introduction 11-1<br />
11.2 Assessment Methodology 11-2<br />
11.3 Receiving Environment 11-5<br />
11.4 Potential <strong>Impact</strong>s 11-12<br />
11.5 “Do Nothing” Scenario 11-14<br />
11.6 Predicted <strong>Impact</strong>s 11-14<br />
11.7 Proposed Mitigation Measures 11-17<br />
11.8 Monitoring 11-18<br />
11.9 Residual <strong>Impact</strong>s 11-18<br />
12 CULTURAL HERITAGE 12-1<br />
12.1 Introduction 12-1<br />
12.2 Assessment Methodology 12-2<br />
12.3 The Receiving Environment 12-4<br />
12.4 Potential <strong>Impact</strong>s 12-18<br />
12.5 Mitigation Measures 12-20<br />
12.6 Residual <strong>Impact</strong>s 12-21<br />
13 SOILS, GEOLOGY, HYDROLOGY AND HYDROGEOLOGY 13-1<br />
13.1 Introduction 13-1<br />
13.2 Methodology 13-1<br />
13.3 Existing Environment 13-4<br />
13.4 Potential <strong>Impact</strong>s 13-20<br />
13.5 Mitigation Measures 13-23<br />
13.6 Cumulative <strong>Impact</strong>s 13-25<br />
13.7 Predicted Residual <strong>Impact</strong>s 13-25<br />
14 MATERIAL ASSETS 14-1<br />
14.1 Introduction 14-1<br />
14.2 Methodology 14-1<br />
14.3 Existing Environment 14-2<br />
14.4 Potential <strong>Impact</strong>s and Mitigation 14-5<br />
14.5 Residual <strong>Impact</strong> 14-9<br />
15 INTERACTION OF THE FOREGOING 15-1<br />
16 BIBLIOGRAPHY 16-1<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 ii Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
LIST OF FIGURES<br />
Chapter 1<br />
Figure 1.1<br />
Figure 1.2<br />
ARSR<br />
Overview <strong>of</strong> the proposed flood Relief Scheme<br />
Chapter 2<br />
Figure 2.1<br />
Current Flood Extents & Proposed Flood Benefit<br />
Chapter 5<br />
Figure 5.1<br />
Figure 5.2<br />
Figure 5.3<br />
Skibbereen Town Development Plan 2009 – 2015 Constraints Map<br />
Skibbereen Town Development Plan 2009 – 2015 – Zoning Map<br />
Skibbereen Local Area Plan 2011 – Zoning Map<br />
Chapter 6<br />
Figure 6.1<br />
Way-marked Cycle Routes based in Skibbereen<br />
Chapter 8<br />
Figure 8.1<br />
Figure 8.2<br />
Figure 8.3<br />
Figure 8.4.<br />
Figure 8.5.<br />
Figure 8.6<br />
An overview <strong>of</strong> habitats within the study area<br />
Dense stands <strong>of</strong> Japanese knotweed along the lower reaches <strong>of</strong> the Millrace<br />
Himilayan Balsam and Japanese Knotweed are patchy distributed along the Caol<br />
stream from the SuperValu Car Park for approximately 400 m upstream<br />
Japanese Knotweed along the main Ilen channel downstream <strong>of</strong> John F. Kennedy<br />
Bridge<br />
Locations <strong>of</strong> otter activity<br />
Historical locations for freshwater pearl mussel (needs to be updated)<br />
Chapter 9<br />
Figure 9.1<br />
Figure 9.2<br />
ZVI<br />
Viewpoint Locations<br />
Chapter 10<br />
Figure 10.1<br />
Figure 10.2<br />
Air Quality Locations<br />
Windrose for Cork Airport Met Station<br />
Chapter 11<br />
Figure 11.1<br />
Noise Monitoring Locations<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 iii Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Chapter 12<br />
Figure 12.1<br />
RMPs in Study Area<br />
Chapter 13<br />
Figure 13.1<br />
Figure 13.2<br />
Figure 13.3<br />
Figure 13.4<br />
Figure 13.5<br />
Figure 13.6<br />
Soils Map - data from EPA website.<br />
Subsoil Map - data from GSI or EPA website.<br />
Bedrock Geology Map - data from GSI website.<br />
Hydrology Map - OS topo map with layout <strong>of</strong> proposed scheme.<br />
Bedrock Aquifer Map - data from GSI website.<br />
Aquifer Vulnerability Map - data from GSI website.<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 iv Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
LIST OF TABLES<br />
Chapter 3<br />
Table 3.1<br />
Table 3.2<br />
Summary <strong>of</strong> Statutory Consultation<br />
Consultees during EIS Scoping Stage<br />
Chapter 4<br />
Table 4.1<br />
Weighting for each <strong>of</strong> the Core Criteria<br />
Chapter 6<br />
Table 6.1<br />
Table 6.2<br />
Population and Rates <strong>of</strong> Population Change at Local, County and State Levels for<br />
2002, 2006 and 2011<br />
Population <strong>of</strong> each area categorised into independent, dependent and childbearing<br />
cohorts between 2006 (to nearest %)<br />
Table 6.3 Average no. <strong>of</strong> persons per household, 2002 & 2006<br />
Table 6.4 (a) Labour Force and Unemployment Level, 2011<br />
Table 6.4 (b) Labour Force and Unemployment Level, 2006<br />
Table 6.5 (a) Persons at Work by Industry 2011<br />
Table 6.5(b) Persons at Work by Industry 2006<br />
Chapter 7<br />
Table 7.1<br />
Table 7.2<br />
Table 7.3<br />
Table 7.4<br />
Table 7.5<br />
Table 7.6<br />
Consultation<br />
Designated Sites Located Within 10km <strong>of</strong> the Proposed Development<br />
EPA biotic index scheme<br />
EPA Q values for the Waterways in Relation to the Study Area<br />
WFD Status <strong>of</strong> Watercourses within the Study Area<br />
Predicted impacts in the absence <strong>of</strong> mitigation<br />
Chapter 8<br />
Table 8.1<br />
Table 8.2<br />
Table 8.3<br />
Consultation<br />
Designated Sites Located Within 10 km <strong>of</strong> the Proposed Development<br />
Terrestrial habitat values and predicted impacts<br />
Chapter 10<br />
Table 10.1 Description <strong>of</strong> Air Monitoring Locations<br />
Table 10.2 Limit for Protection <strong>of</strong> Human Health<br />
Table 10.3 EU Directive 1999/30/EC on Ambient Air Quality Limits<br />
Table 10.4 EU Directive 2000/69/EC on Ambient Air Quality Limits<br />
Table 10.5 Ambient Air Quality in the Site <strong>of</strong> the Proposed Scheme (07/07/12 – 07/08/12)<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 v Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Chapter 11<br />
Table 11.1<br />
Table 11.2<br />
Table 11.3<br />
Table 11.4<br />
Table 11.5<br />
Table 11.6<br />
Maximum Permissible Noise Levels at the Façade <strong>of</strong> Dwellings During Construction1<br />
(NRA Guidelines, October 2004)<br />
Significance Scale for Changes in Noise Levels (Perceptible to Human Beings)<br />
Baseline Noise Sensitive Receptor Locations<br />
Measured Baseline Noise Levels<br />
List <strong>of</strong> Construction Plant/Machinery and Associated Sound Power Levels<br />
Predicted Noise Levels at Noise Sensitive Locations During Construction<br />
Chapter 12<br />
Table 12.1<br />
Table 12.2<br />
List <strong>of</strong> identified archaeological sites within study area and potential scheme impacts<br />
List <strong>of</strong> architectural heritage sites in close vicinity to scheme and potential impacts<br />
Chapter 13<br />
Table 13.1<br />
Table 13.2<br />
Assessment <strong>of</strong> Magnitude <strong>of</strong> <strong>Impact</strong><br />
Gauging Stations<br />
Chapter 14<br />
Table 14.1<br />
Table 14.2<br />
Table 14.3<br />
Access Routes<br />
Estimated Construction Traffic<br />
Existing Daily Traffic<br />
Chapter 15<br />
Table 15.1<br />
Interaction <strong>of</strong> <strong>Impact</strong>s<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 vi Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
List <strong>of</strong> Appendices<br />
(<strong>Vol</strong>ume III)<br />
APPENDIX 3<br />
Appendix 3.1<br />
Appendix 3.2<br />
Appendix 3.3<br />
METHODOLOGY<br />
EIA Scoping Report<br />
List <strong>of</strong> Responses from Statutory Bodies<br />
List <strong>of</strong> Responses from Scoping Stage<br />
APPENDIX 5<br />
STRATEGIC STATUTORY PLANNING CONTEXT<br />
Appendix 5.1 The Planning System and Flood Risk Management – Guidelines for Planning<br />
Authorities 2009 (Extract)<br />
APPENDIX 7<br />
Appendix 7.1<br />
Appendix 7.2<br />
Appendix 7.3<br />
AQUATIC FLORA AND FAUNA INCLUDING WATER QUALITY AND FISHERIES<br />
Site Evaluation Scheme and Criteria for Assessing <strong>Impact</strong><br />
AA Screening Report<br />
Fish Survey Report<br />
APPENDIX 8<br />
Appendix 8.1<br />
Appendix 8.2<br />
TERRESTRIAL FLORA AND FAUNA<br />
Habitats affected by the proposed scheme<br />
Bat Survey Report<br />
APPENDIX 11 NOISE AND VIBRATION<br />
Appendix 11.1 Noise Terminology<br />
APPENDIX 12 CULTURAL HERITAGE<br />
Appendix 12.1 Photographic Record<br />
Appendix 12.2 Inventory Descriptions <strong>of</strong> Recorded Archaeological Sites within Study Area<br />
Appendix 12.3 Protected Structures within the Study Area<br />
Appendix 12.4 Translation <strong>of</strong> Placenames in the Study Area<br />
Appendix 12.5 Summaries <strong>of</strong> Archaeological Investigations within the Study Area<br />
Appendix 12.6 Underwater Archaeological Assessment<br />
Appendix 12.7 Cartographic Sources extracts<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 vii Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
APPENDIX 13 SOILS, GEOLOGY AND HYDROGEOLOGY<br />
Appendix 13.1 Geotechnical Ground Investigation Borehole Logs and Site Investigation Report<br />
APPENDIX 14 MATERIAL ASSETS<br />
Appendix 14.1 ESB Network<br />
Appendix 14.2 Eircom Network<br />
Appendix 14.3 Broadband Network<br />
Appendix 14.4 CIS Water Network<br />
Appendix 14.5 Sewerage Network<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 viii Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
PREFACE<br />
The structure <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> (EIS) for the Skibbereen (River Ilen) Drainage<br />
Scheme is laid out in the preface <strong>of</strong> each volume for clarity. It consists <strong>of</strong> three volumes as follows:-<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume I - Non-Technical Summary<br />
A non-technical summary <strong>of</strong> the information contained within the <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Vol</strong>ume (<strong>Vol</strong>. II).<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II - <strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> (EIS)<br />
This volume deals with the environmental impact <strong>of</strong> the proposed scheme and includes drawings to<br />
accompany the text <strong>of</strong> the EIS.<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume III - Technical Appendices<br />
This volume contains responses to written consultation and specialist technical information.<br />
Appendices numbering has been set so that numbering corresponds with Chapter number.<br />
Note: Certain Chapters do not include appendices.<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 ix Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS<br />
This <strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> has been prepared by RPS and their <strong>Environmental</strong> Subconsultants,<br />
with the assistance <strong>of</strong> the Office <strong>of</strong> Public Works and Cork County Council.<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> Sub-Consultants<br />
Flora and Fauna (Aquatic and Terrestrial)<br />
Cultural Heritage<br />
DixonBrosnan and Associates<br />
John Cronin & Associates<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 x Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
1 INTRODUCTION<br />
1.1 OVERVIEW<br />
Cork County Council (CCC), in conjunction with the Office <strong>of</strong> Public Works (OPW), are undertaking a<br />
flood risk assessment and management study for an area <strong>of</strong> potential significant risk, Skibbereen, Co.<br />
Cork – the Skibbereen Flood Risk Assessment and Management Study (FRAMS).<br />
This <strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> (EIS) has been prepared for the River (Ilen) Skibbereen<br />
Drainage Scheme, a key deliverable from the Skibbereen FRAMS study, comprising engineering<br />
works designed to defend vulnerable areas in Skibbereen against flooding.<br />
The OPW is the lead agency for flood risk management in Ireland. The coordination and<br />
implementation <strong>of</strong> the Government’s policy on the management <strong>of</strong> flood risk in Ireland, in conjunction<br />
with its responsibilities under the Arterial Drainage Acts, 1945-1995, form one <strong>of</strong> the four core<br />
services <strong>of</strong> the OPW.<br />
The EIS will be put on public display in accordance with the Arterial Drainage Act (1945) and<br />
Amendment Act (1995), from 11 th April 2013 until 9 th May 2013 and the closing date for submissions<br />
will be 31 st May 2013.<br />
1.2 STUDY AREA<br />
Skibbereen Town centre is located around the junction <strong>of</strong> the River Ilen and its tributary the Caol<br />
Stream with development <strong>of</strong> the town being largely forced along the valleys <strong>of</strong> both due to steep hills in<br />
the east and south.<br />
The River Ilen itself is approximately 23 km in length and has a catchment <strong>of</strong> 245 km 2 to just upstream<br />
<strong>of</strong> its junction with the Caol Stream within the town. The River Ilen rises in the mountains north <strong>of</strong> the<br />
town at Mullagmesha, flows north to south before turning almost due west through approximately a 90<br />
degree bend at Skibbereen to ultimately discharge into Roaringwater Bay at Ringarogy Island, 10 km<br />
downstream. Skibbereen Town is located at the head <strong>of</strong> the estuary which is tidal to 1.5 km upstream<br />
<strong>of</strong> the town as far as the hospital at Lurriga.<br />
Details <strong>of</strong> the area identified as at risk from flooding, referred to as the Area <strong>of</strong> Potential Significant<br />
Risk (APSR) is presented in Figure 1.1 below.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 1-1 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
1.3 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED WORKS<br />
The design <strong>of</strong> the River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme has evolved through an initial screening<br />
process <strong>of</strong> a range <strong>of</strong> potential engineering measures typically considered for drainage schemes, the<br />
development <strong>of</strong> potential options and finally the development <strong>of</strong> a preferred scheme design.<br />
The preferred scheme will largely consist <strong>of</strong> hard defences including flood walls and embankments,<br />
pumping stations and culverts. Other works will include localised regrading works and drainage<br />
works, strengthening works to existing masonry arch structures, and localised channel widening. An<br />
overview <strong>of</strong> the proposed River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme is provided in Figure 1.2 below.<br />
Chapter 2 Project Description provides further details on the proposed Drainage Scheme.<br />
1.4 PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF THE EIS<br />
The purpose <strong>of</strong> this EIS is to document the current state <strong>of</strong> the environment in the vicinity <strong>of</strong> the<br />
proposed scheme with an overall aim <strong>of</strong> quantifying the possible effects, if any, <strong>of</strong> the proposed<br />
drainage scheme on the environment.<br />
This <strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> has been prepared in accordance with EC (<strong>Environmental</strong><br />
<strong>Impact</strong> Assessment) Regulations 1989 to 2001, and the recommendations <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Environmental</strong><br />
Protection Agency’s (EPA) Draft Guidelines on the Information to be contained in <strong>Environmental</strong><br />
<strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong>s (2002) and Advice Notes on Current Practice (on the preparation <strong>of</strong> <strong>Environmental</strong><br />
<strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong>s) (EPA, 1998) and in accordance Schedule 6 <strong>of</strong> the Planning and Development<br />
Regulation 2001, relating to the information to be contained in an EIS. Chapter 3 Methodology and<br />
Consultation below provides an overview <strong>of</strong> the methodology used in order to prepare this EIS.<br />
The classification <strong>of</strong> impacts in this EIS will follow the definitions provided in the Glossary <strong>of</strong> <strong>Impact</strong>s<br />
contained in two documents referred to above. The consistent application <strong>of</strong> terminology in the EIS<br />
facilitates the assessment <strong>of</strong> the proposed development on the receiving environment.<br />
1.5 EIS TEAM<br />
This EIS has been prepared by RPS consultants and additional specialist sub-consultants for the<br />
Cultural Heritage and the Aquatic and Terrestrial Flora and Fauna elements <strong>of</strong> the EIS. The study<br />
team comprises:-<br />
Socio Economic<br />
Aquatic Flora & Fauna<br />
Terrestrial Flora & Fauna<br />
Landscape & Visual<br />
Air Quality & Climate<br />
Noise and Vibration<br />
Cultural Heritage<br />
Soils, Geology, Hydrology & Hydrogeology<br />
Material Assets<br />
RPS<br />
DixonBrosnan and Associates<br />
DixonBrosnan and Associates<br />
RPS<br />
RPS<br />
RPS<br />
John Cronin & Associates<br />
RPS<br />
RPS<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 1-2 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
1.6 EIS STRUCTURE<br />
This EIS is contained within three volumes as follows.<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume 1:<br />
1. EIS - Non-Technical Summary: This document provides a non-technical summary description<br />
<strong>of</strong> the proposed development. It also outlines the application processes and the statutory<br />
consultation process. A summary description <strong>of</strong> the main potential impacts associated with the<br />
proposed development and the proposed measures to mitigate against these impacts is also<br />
provided.<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume 2:<br />
2. EIS - <strong>Main</strong> Report: The EIS includes 16 chapters, which are as follows:-<br />
Chapters 1-5 provide an introduction to the EIS, describes the consultation process and sets<br />
out the statutory application processes and legislative context. The Chapters also outline the<br />
need for the proposed development; the alternatives considered and describe the proposed<br />
development including the associated construction activities.<br />
Chapter 1<br />
Chapter 2<br />
Chapter 3<br />
Chapter 4<br />
Chapter 5<br />
Introduction<br />
Project Description<br />
Methodology and Consultation<br />
Consideration <strong>of</strong> Alternatives<br />
Strategic & Statutory Planning Context<br />
Chapters 6-14 provide details on the existing environment prior to the proposed development<br />
for the various specialist areas, describe the potential impacts (including residual and indirect<br />
impacts) during the construction and aftercare phases <strong>of</strong> the proposed development, the<br />
mitigation measures proposed in order to eliminate or reduce these impacts and any residual<br />
impacts.<br />
Chapter 6<br />
Chapter 7<br />
Chapter 8<br />
Chapter 9<br />
Chapter 10<br />
Chapter 11<br />
Chapter 12<br />
Chapter 13<br />
Chapter 14<br />
Community and Socio – Economic <strong>Impact</strong> Assessment<br />
Aquatic Flora & Fauna (Including Water Quality and Fisheries)<br />
Terrestrial Flora and Fauna<br />
Landscape and Visual <strong>Impact</strong> Assessment<br />
Air Quality and Climate<br />
Noise & Vibration<br />
Cultural Heritage<br />
Soils, Geology, Hydrology and Hydrogeology<br />
Material Assets<br />
Chapter 15 – Summarises the indirect, cumulative and interaction <strong>of</strong> impacts.<br />
Chapter 16 – References / Bibliography<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume 3 – Technical Appendices<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume 3 includes the technical appendices, which contain supplementary information to the main<br />
EIS report including details on consultation, ecology, archaeology, etc.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 1-3 Rev. F01
0 50 100<br />
Legend<br />
Area <strong>of</strong> Potential<br />
Significant Risk (APSR)<br />
Study Area<br />
Innishmore,<br />
Ballincollig,<br />
Co Cork,<br />
Ireland<br />
T +353 21 4665900<br />
F +353 21 4873742<br />
E ireland@rpsgroup.com<br />
W rpsgroup.com/ireland<br />
Project<br />
River Ilen (Skibbereen)<br />
Drainage Scheme<br />
<br />
Issue Details<br />
Drawn by: T Hurley<br />
Checked by: A Fitzgerald<br />
Approved by: B Brice<br />
Project No. MCE0703<br />
File Ref.<br />
MCE0703Mi0001F01<br />
Scale:<br />
N.T.S.<br />
Drawing No.<br />
Rev.<br />
Client<br />
Cork<br />
County<br />
Council<br />
Title<br />
Figure<br />
Skibbereen Study Boundary<br />
and Flood Extent<br />
1.1<br />
Kilometers<br />
Date:<br />
Notes<br />
April 2013<br />
Mi0001<br />
F01<br />
1. This drawing is the property <strong>of</strong> RPS Group Ltd. It is a<br />
confidential document and must not be copied, used,<br />
or its contents divulged without prior written consent.<br />
2. All levels are referred to Ordnance Datum, Malin Head.<br />
3. Ordnance Survey Ireland Licence EN 0005013<br />
©Copyright Government <strong>of</strong> Ireland.
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River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION<br />
2.1 BACKGROUND AND NEED FOR THE DRAINAGE SCHEME<br />
RPS were appointed by Cork County Council, in conjunction with the OPW, in February 2011 to<br />
complete a study to identify appropriate flood risk alleviation measures for the town <strong>of</strong> Skibbereen,<br />
Co. Cork and to prepare a Flood Risk Assessment and Management Plan (FRAMS). This scheme<br />
was progressed following severe flooding in Skibbereen in November 2009 and December 2009.<br />
Prior to November 2009, the most severe flood event affecting Skibbereen occurred in August 1986.<br />
Following detailed assessment <strong>of</strong> the flood risk in Skibbereen and evaluation <strong>of</strong> potential options for<br />
Flood Risk Management (see Chapter 4 Consideration <strong>of</strong> Alternatives) a Preferred Option was<br />
identified. The preferred River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme, the subject <strong>of</strong> this environmental<br />
impact assessment, is illustrated in Figure 1.2 Layout Plan <strong>of</strong> the Proposed Works and described<br />
in Sections 2.3 and 2.4 below. Figure 2.1 below details the Current Flood Extents & Proposed Flood<br />
Benefit areas.<br />
This <strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> has been prepared in accordance with EC (<strong>Environmental</strong><br />
<strong>Impact</strong> Assessment) Regulations 1989 to 2001, and the recommendations <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Environmental</strong><br />
Protection Agency’s (EPA) Draft Guidelines on the Information to be contained in <strong>Environmental</strong><br />
<strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong>s (2002) and Advice Notes on Current Practice (on the preparation <strong>of</strong> <strong>Environmental</strong><br />
<strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong>s) (EPA, 1998) and in accordance Schedule 6 <strong>of</strong> the Planning and Development<br />
Regulation 2001, relating to the information to be contained in an EIS. Chapter 3 Methodology and<br />
Consultation below provides an overview <strong>of</strong> the methodology used in order to prepare this EIS.<br />
2.2 HISTORY OF FLOODING<br />
2.2.1 Overview <strong>of</strong> Flooding<br />
This scheme was progressed following severe flooding in Skibbereen in November 2009 and<br />
December 2009. Prior to November 2009, the most severe flood event affecting Skibbereen occurred<br />
in August 1986. Other recorded flood events in 1969, 1974, 1975 and 1982 were less severe.<br />
Frequent flooding also occurred in the 1940’s and 1950’s.<br />
Serious flooding <strong>of</strong> residential and commercial properties occurs in two main areas in Skibbereen:<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Adjacent to the Caol Stream and near its junction with the Ilen River. Flooding in this area<br />
invariably affects all <strong>of</strong> Townsend Street, the Baltimore Road, part <strong>of</strong> Market Street and<br />
Mardyke Street, 98 th Street, part <strong>of</strong> <strong>Main</strong> Street, and Bridge Street. This area includes much <strong>of</strong><br />
the commercial heart <strong>of</strong> Skibbereen; and<br />
On the Mill Road affecting Glenilen Terrace and the houses between the junction with the Cork<br />
Road and Lurriga House.<br />
The Marsh Road and Glencurragh areas located to the north <strong>of</strong> the town have also been<br />
subjected to serious flooding in the past.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 2-1 Rev. F01
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River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
2.3 OVERVIEW OF THE KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROPOSED<br />
SCHEME<br />
The proposed Drainage Scheme is based on Primary and Secondary flood risk management<br />
measures.<br />
The proposed height <strong>of</strong> the defences will typically be 500 mm above the predicted 0.5% Annual<br />
Exceedence Probability (AEP) event, <strong>of</strong>ten referred to as the 200-year flood event, levels as<br />
determined by hydraulic modelling completed as part <strong>of</strong> the Skibbereen FRAMS. Additional<br />
hydrological assessments are being undertaken by RPS in conjunction with the OPW that may result<br />
in a re-evaluation <strong>of</strong> estimated <strong>of</strong> design flood flows. While significant modifications to the scheme<br />
are described below are not anticipated, these assessments may result in minor modifications to the<br />
proposed defence height and lengths at ‘detailed design stage’.<br />
All engineering works will be designed in accordance with best practice procedures and guidelines.<br />
The Primary Measures as illustrated in Figure 1.2 include:-<br />
River Ilen<br />
• Embankments & flood walls.<br />
• Sealing <strong>of</strong> existing opes.<br />
• Localised channel widening upstream <strong>of</strong> John F. Kennedy Bridge.<br />
• Localised regrading works at John F. Kennedy Bridge.<br />
• Works at Mill Race upstream <strong>of</strong> Showgrounds Stream.<br />
Caol Stream<br />
• Hard defences including flood walls and the construction <strong>of</strong> a formed channel (circa 340m)<br />
(downstream <strong>of</strong> Baltimore Road).<br />
• Embankments / walls upstream <strong>of</strong> Baltimore Road.<br />
• Non-return valves on existing drainage.<br />
• Grouting/strengthening works to masonry arch structures.<br />
• Non return valve on existing uncontrolled storm drainage discharging into stream.<br />
• Pumping stations as required.<br />
Assolas Stream<br />
• Hard defences comprising embankments / walls.<br />
Glencurragh Stream<br />
• Pumping station (circa 1m 3 /s capacity).<br />
• Non return valve at crossing <strong>of</strong> Schull Road.<br />
Showgrounds Stream<br />
• Hard defences comprising embankments and flood walls<br />
• Two no. culverts under embankments.<br />
Local Drainage<br />
• Stormwater / road drainage upgrade at Baltimore Road / Castletownshend Road.<br />
• Upgrade <strong>of</strong> road drainage on Ilen Street.<br />
• Sealing <strong>of</strong> opes from historic redundant culverts.<br />
• Localised pumping or sealing <strong>of</strong> storm system, if necessary, to manage road drainage at Cork<br />
Road and Marsh Road.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 2-3 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
The secondary measures recommended as part <strong>of</strong> the Flood Risk Management Strategy include:-<br />
• Increased public awareness;<br />
• Proactive and planned maintenance programme;<br />
• Planning & development controls; and<br />
• Management <strong>of</strong> lands with flood plain.<br />
2.4 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED WORKS<br />
2.4.1 River Ilen Flood Relief Proposals<br />
Beginning at the downstream end <strong>of</strong> the works, approximately 300 m upstream <strong>of</strong> the western<br />
extremity <strong>of</strong> the town (near Abbeystrowry Cemetery), the following flood defences are proposed along<br />
the River Ilen.<br />
(Ilen) 1<br />
Approximately 147 m <strong>of</strong> flood wall along the northern bank <strong>of</strong> the river, located adjacent to the Schull<br />
Road, along the boundary <strong>of</strong> a public seating area. The masonry faced reinforced concrete wall will<br />
be approximately 1.4 m high in relation to the level <strong>of</strong> the adjacent Schull Road.<br />
(Ilen) 2<br />
Approximately 709 m <strong>of</strong> embankment along the northern bank <strong>of</strong> the river, located adjacent to the<br />
Schull Road, from the upstream end <strong>of</strong> the wall in 1 above to John F. Kennedy Bridge. The<br />
embankment will vary from approximately 1.2 to 1.8 m high in relation to the level <strong>of</strong> the adjacent<br />
Schull Road.<br />
(Ilen) 3<br />
A combination <strong>of</strong> approximately 135 m <strong>of</strong> floodwall and embankment along the southern bank <strong>of</strong> the<br />
river, located adjacent The Flax Mills. The wall/embankment will be approximately 1.2 m high in<br />
relation to the level <strong>of</strong> the adjacent access road around The Flax Mills houses.<br />
(Ilen) 4<br />
Approximately 105 m <strong>of</strong> flood wall along the southern bank <strong>of</strong> the river, located just downstream <strong>of</strong><br />
John F. Kennedy Bridge. The masonry faced reinforced concrete wall will be approximately 1.2- 1.8<br />
m high in relation to the level <strong>of</strong> the adjacent carpark.<br />
(Ilen) 5<br />
Regrading <strong>of</strong> approximately 1670 m 2 <strong>of</strong> the bed <strong>of</strong> the River Ilen at John. F. Kennedy Bridge.<br />
(Ilen) 6<br />
Structural protection works to the bridge supports at John. F. Kennedy Bridge in the form <strong>of</strong> reinforced<br />
concrete beams constructed around the supports. This work will be required as a result <strong>of</strong> the<br />
regrading work proposed around the support structures.<br />
(Ilen) 7<br />
Approximately 270 m <strong>of</strong> flood wall along the southern bank <strong>of</strong> the river, located upstream <strong>of</strong> John F.<br />
Kennedy Bridge. This section <strong>of</strong> works also incorporates flood walls to be constructed along the quay<br />
edge on the Caol stream, down stream <strong>of</strong> <strong>Main</strong> Street Bridge. The masonry faced wall will be<br />
approximately 1.4 -1.7 m high in relation to the level <strong>of</strong> the adjacent carparks and yards to the rear <strong>of</strong><br />
Bridge Street properties, or approximately 0.9m above the access deck at Thornhills. Where feasible,<br />
the flood defence wall will be constructed along the existing quay edge. However, subject to detailed<br />
engineering design, it is possible that the wall will be constructed by sheet piling <strong>of</strong>fset from the<br />
existing river wall by approximately 2 to 3 m in the river direction. In this instance and where works<br />
encroach significantly into the river so as to restrict channel capacity, then works will be completed on<br />
the opposite river bank to compensate for volume <strong>of</strong> river lost.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 2-4 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
(Ilen) 8<br />
Approximately 12 m <strong>of</strong> flood wall along the southern bank <strong>of</strong> the river, located 62 m upstream <strong>of</strong> the<br />
new footbridge at Levis Quay. The height <strong>of</strong> the masonry faced reinforced concrete wall is to be<br />
approximately 1.7 m in relation to the level <strong>of</strong> the adjacent property and yard. Some works will also be<br />
completed at the new mixed use development at Levis Quay. It is proposed to construct a wall<br />
between six existing arches along a boardwalk over the River Ilen. The wall height will be<br />
approximately 500 mm, and a handrail is proposed to be placed on top.<br />
(Ilen) 9<br />
To the rear <strong>of</strong> the properties on North Street, it is proposed to construct approximately 210 m <strong>of</strong><br />
embankment, floodwall and stone revetment along the eastern bank <strong>of</strong> the river. The top <strong>of</strong> the flood<br />
defence wall will be approximately 1.2 – 1.8 m higher than the level <strong>of</strong> the existing yards in this area.<br />
The overall width <strong>of</strong> the flood defences along this stretch <strong>of</strong> river is approximately 9.5 m, which<br />
encroaches into the river. The loss in channel flow capacity resulting form this defence on the eastern<br />
bank will be compensated on the western bank by widening <strong>of</strong> the river channel over this length <strong>of</strong><br />
works. Where widened the formed river bank will be reinforced with gabions <strong>of</strong> similar existing sewer<br />
in line <strong>of</strong> proposed embankments which will be incorporated into the works.<br />
(Ilen) 10<br />
Between the eastern bank <strong>of</strong> the River Ilen and Cork Road, it is proposed to construct approximately<br />
313 m <strong>of</strong> embankment in the sports grounds <strong>of</strong> the school. The embankment will be approximately<br />
1.25 -1.8 m high in relation to the level <strong>of</strong> the adjacent sports pitches.<br />
(Ilen) 11<br />
Approximately 424 m <strong>of</strong> flood embankment along the eastern bank <strong>of</strong> the river, from 70 m north <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Showgrounds stream to the Rugby Club property. The height <strong>of</strong> the flood defence embankment will<br />
be approximately 1.8 – 2.4 m above the levels in the adjacent fields.<br />
(Ilen) 12<br />
Approximately 308 m <strong>of</strong> flood wall along the eastern bank <strong>of</strong> the river, located between the confluence<br />
<strong>of</strong> the River Ilen with the Showgrounds Stream and Skibbereen County Hospital. The masonry faced<br />
reinforced concrete wall will be approximately 1 to 1.5 m high in relation to the level <strong>of</strong> the adjacent<br />
Mill Road.<br />
(Ilen) 13<br />
Between the western bank <strong>of</strong> the River Ilen and the rear <strong>of</strong> the industrial premises along Marsh Road,<br />
it is proposed to construct approximately 547 m <strong>of</strong> embankment at the river bank. The height <strong>of</strong> the<br />
embankment will vary from approximately 1.4 to 2.0 m high in relation to the level <strong>of</strong> the adjacent<br />
industrial premises.<br />
(Ilen) 14<br />
It is proposed to construct approximately 217 m <strong>of</strong> flood embankment along the south side <strong>of</strong> the N71<br />
Skibbereen Relief Road. The embankment will be approximately 300 – 600 mm high in relation to the<br />
level <strong>of</strong> the adjacent Relief Road.<br />
(Ilen) 15<br />
It is proposed to construct approximately 211 m <strong>of</strong> flood embankment along the south side <strong>of</strong> the N71<br />
Skibbereen Relief Road. The embankment will be approximately 300 – 600 mm high in relation to the<br />
level <strong>of</strong> the adjacent Relief Road.<br />
2.4.2 Caol Stream Flood Relief Proposals<br />
Works along the Caol Stream downstream <strong>of</strong> <strong>Main</strong> Street Bridge are included in Ilen 7 above,<br />
beginning immediately downstream <strong>of</strong> <strong>Main</strong> Stream Bridge, in the town centre and travelling in an<br />
upstream direction, the following flood defences are proposed along the Caol Stream.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 2-5 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
(Caol) 1<br />
Approximately 340 m <strong>of</strong> reinforced concrete formed channel section between <strong>Main</strong> Street Bridge and<br />
the Market Street road bridge in Field’s Supervalu Carpark. The channel width will be a minimum <strong>of</strong> 5<br />
m and the sides <strong>of</strong> the channel will be approximately 1.2 m to 1.6 m high in relation to the adjacent<br />
road/carpark level. There are two existing crossings along the Caol, the parapets <strong>of</strong> which are to be<br />
amended to be solid walls. A thalweg will be provided within the channel to emulate the existing<br />
streambed features in so far as possible (refer to Chapter 7 Aquatic Flora and Fauna). The existing<br />
masonry arch bridges on either end <strong>of</strong> the proposed channel section are to be regrouted where<br />
required. Walls will be masonry faced on both sides <strong>of</strong> the channel as far as Warners Lane (chainage<br />
2,630 m) and on the public side only between Warners Lane and Market Street Bridge.<br />
(Caol) 2<br />
Upstream <strong>of</strong> Market Street, it is proposed to construct approximately 320 m <strong>of</strong> reinforced concrete<br />
flood wall along southern/western bank <strong>of</strong> the Caol Stream. The wall is to be constructed to the rear<br />
<strong>of</strong> the industrial premises along Castletownshend Road. The proposed wall will be approximately 1.5<br />
m high in relation to the level <strong>of</strong> the adjacent industrial areas.<br />
(Caol) 3<br />
Upstream <strong>of</strong> Market Street, it is proposed to construct approximately 83 m <strong>of</strong> masonry clad flood wall<br />
along northern/eastern bank <strong>of</strong> the Caol Stream. The wall is to be constructed in the grassed area<br />
adjacent Chapel Lane. The height <strong>of</strong> the wall will be approximately 1.2 m in relation to the level <strong>of</strong> the<br />
adjacent Chapel Lane roadway.<br />
(Caol) 4<br />
From the industrial premises on Castletownshend Road to the Caravan Park site, it is proposed to<br />
construct approximately 558 m <strong>of</strong> embankment wall along the southern/western bank <strong>of</strong> the Caol<br />
Stream. The embankment will be approximately 1.5 to 2.5 m high in relation to the level <strong>of</strong> the<br />
adjacent fields.<br />
2.4.3 Assolas Stream (Carrigfadda) Flood Relief Proposals<br />
The Assolas Stream passes under Townshend Street approximately 80 m northwest <strong>of</strong> the Baltimore<br />
Road / Townshend Street roundabout. Beginning at this point and travelling upstream, the following<br />
flood defences are proposed along the Assolas Stream: -<br />
(Assolas)1.<br />
Approximately 35 m <strong>of</strong> flood wall along the northern bank <strong>of</strong> the stream, located along a residential<br />
property boundary. The masonry faced reinforced concrete wall will be approximately 1.3 m high in<br />
relation to the level <strong>of</strong> the adjacent garden.<br />
(Assolas)2.<br />
Approximately 65 m <strong>of</strong> embankment along the southern bank <strong>of</strong> the stream, located along the edge <strong>of</strong><br />
a field adjacent the roundabout. The embankment will be approximately 1.3 m high in relation to the<br />
level <strong>of</strong> the field.<br />
(Assolas)3.<br />
Approximately 202 m <strong>of</strong> embankment along the northern bank <strong>of</strong> the stream, located along various<br />
property boundaries. The height <strong>of</strong> the embankment will vary from 0.6 to 1.8 m approximately in<br />
relation to the level <strong>of</strong> the adjacent land.<br />
(Assolas)4.<br />
Approximately 277 m <strong>of</strong> flood wall along the southern bank <strong>of</strong> the stream, located along property<br />
boundaries. There is an existing wall at Lidl but this does not have sufficient height to provide 500<br />
mm freeboard and it is therefore proposed to construct a concrete stub wall, approximately 450 mm<br />
high, on top <strong>of</strong> the existing bank through the grounds <strong>of</strong> Lidl. The remainder <strong>of</strong> the wall will be<br />
approximately 1.1 m high in relation to the level <strong>of</strong> the adjacent gardens.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 2-6 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
(Assolas)5.<br />
Approximately 92 m <strong>of</strong> embankment along the southern bank <strong>of</strong> the stream, located in front gardens<br />
between the stream and the Baltimore Road. The embankment will be approximately 0.5 m high in<br />
relation to the level <strong>of</strong> the gardens. Works will also be required along the access roads to the three<br />
houses to bring the ground levels to flood defence level.<br />
(Assolas)6.<br />
An existing double culvert (2 x 600 mm diam pipes) to the east <strong>of</strong> the Care Centre on Baltimore road<br />
will be replaced with a single box culvert <strong>of</strong> similar or greater hydraulic capacity under the public<br />
roadway.<br />
(Assolas)7.<br />
Approximately 180 m <strong>of</strong> the Assolas is culverted (1500 mm diameter) upstream <strong>of</strong> its confluence with<br />
the Caol Stream. There are two manholes on the culvert which will be sealed as part <strong>of</strong> these works.<br />
A further open section <strong>of</strong> channel, on the downstream side <strong>of</strong> the where the Assolas crosses<br />
Townsend Street, will be sealed.<br />
2.4.4 Glencurragh Stream Flood Relief Proposals<br />
The confluence <strong>of</strong> the Glencurragh Stream with the River Ilen is located to the southwest <strong>of</strong> The<br />
Moorings housing estate on the Schull Road, N71. The following flood defence works are proposed<br />
along the Glencurragh Stream: -<br />
(Glencurragh)1.<br />
Immediately west <strong>of</strong> the Moorings Housing Estate, it is proposed to construct a pumping station<br />
adjacent the Glencurragh Stream. Flows from the stream will be pumped from the pumping station<br />
under the Schull Road to discharge to the River Ilen when water levels do not allow the stream to<br />
freely discharge to the main Ilen channel. A headwall and anti-scour measures will be provided at the<br />
discharge point. A non return valve will be fitted to the downstream side <strong>of</strong> the existing Glencurragh<br />
Stream under the Schull Road. An onsite electricity generating facility may also be provided to<br />
operate pumps as an alternative to the electricity station.<br />
The pumping station will require an underground pump sump with access points, an above ground<br />
control kiosk, and may require an electricity supply sub-station. A hard-standing area will be required<br />
in the location <strong>of</strong> the pump station to allow access and maintenance to the sump.<br />
2.4.5 Mill Race Flood Relief Proposals<br />
The confluence <strong>of</strong> the Mill Race with the River Ilen is located in the townland <strong>of</strong> Lurriga, along the<br />
northernmost section <strong>of</strong> floodwall proposed as part <strong>of</strong> the River Ilen flood defence works (Refer to<br />
(Ilen)12). Beginning at the confluence and travelling upstream, the following flood defences are<br />
proposed along the Mill Race.<br />
(Mill Race) 1.<br />
The downstream section <strong>of</strong> the existing Mill Race will be culverted over approximately 68 m upstream<br />
from the Mill Road crossing. The culvert will run parallel to a local road (east <strong>of</strong> Mill Road), and under<br />
this roadway. The Lurriga land drain will be diverted from its existing road crossing to this new<br />
crossing.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 2-7 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
(Mill Race) 2.<br />
Approximately 117 m <strong>of</strong> embankment will be constructed to run parallel to the new land drain route.<br />
The height <strong>of</strong> the embankment, which will be constructed in fields, will vary from approximately 1.8 to<br />
2.0 m in relation to the level <strong>of</strong> the adjacent local road. Approximately 150 m <strong>of</strong> 400 mm diameter<br />
storm sewer will also be laid along this local road, catering for surface water run<strong>of</strong>f in the area. All<br />
manholes up to a level <strong>of</strong> 500 mm above flood level will be sealed.<br />
2.4.6 Showgrounds Stream (Clurrigha) Flood Relief Proposals<br />
The confluence <strong>of</strong> the Showgrounds Stream with the River Ilen is located to the northwest <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Showgrounds on the Mill Road. Beginning at this point and travelling upstream, the following flood<br />
defences are proposed along the Showgrounds Stream: -<br />
(Showgrounds) 1.<br />
Approximately 48 m <strong>of</strong> concrete culvert (approx 2.7 x 1.5) between the River Ilen flood defence<br />
embankment/wall and the Mill Road crossing. The culvert will pass under the roadway.<br />
(Showgrounds) 2.<br />
Approximately 14.5 m <strong>of</strong> flood embankment and approximately 36 m <strong>of</strong> reinforced concrete flood wall<br />
along the eastern side <strong>of</strong> Mill Road. The embankment will be located within an open field and will tie<br />
into existing high ground levels locally and to the section <strong>of</strong> reinforced concrete flood wall. The flood<br />
will tie in on its southern end with Showgrounds 3. The top <strong>of</strong> this section <strong>of</strong> works will be a maximum<br />
<strong>of</strong> 1.9 m high in relation to the level <strong>of</strong> the adjacent road.<br />
(Showgrounds) 3.<br />
Approximately 250 m <strong>of</strong> flood embankment along the southern bank <strong>of</strong> the stream, located along<br />
boundary <strong>of</strong> the Showgrounds. The embankment will be approximately 1.5 m high in relation to the<br />
level <strong>of</strong> the adjacent grounds. The bank will tie into a proposed section <strong>of</strong> masonry faced reinforced<br />
concrete floodwall at the eastern end <strong>of</strong> the Showground site. The wall will run parallel to the adjacent<br />
road. It will be approximately 77 m long and 1.2 m high in relation to the level <strong>of</strong> the adjacent road.<br />
(Showgrounds) 4.<br />
Approximately 223 m <strong>of</strong> embankment running perpendicular to the stream along the roadside<br />
boundary <strong>of</strong> the Lurriga Road, and to the rear <strong>of</strong> a private property at the Cork Road/Lurriga Road<br />
junction. A short section <strong>of</strong> culvert will be laid under the line <strong>of</strong> the proposed embankment. The height<br />
<strong>of</strong> the embankment will vary from approximately 1.1 to 1.5 m in relation to the level <strong>of</strong> the adjacent<br />
road.<br />
2.4.7 Drainage Proposals<br />
Where required, new surface water sewers will be laid behind the proposed flood defences to collect<br />
existing surface water run<strong>of</strong>f and discharge it in a controlled manner via non-return valves through the<br />
flood defences to the river. As part <strong>of</strong> this work, new gullies and stormwater sewers may be required<br />
to connect to the new system. Existing stormwater outlets will also to be redirected to new sewers as<br />
required. Non-return valves will be installed on all outlets to the river. At a number <strong>of</strong> locations, small<br />
stormwater pumping stations will be constructed behind the flood defences at discharge points.<br />
Control kiosks will be required for any proposed pumping stations. When the river water level is high<br />
in times <strong>of</strong> flood, these pumps will become operational to ensure a continuous discharge <strong>of</strong><br />
stormwater to the river. Onsite electricity generating facilities may also be provided within the pumping<br />
stations to operate pumps as an alternative to the electricity station.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 2-8 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
2.5 SITE INVESTIGATION<br />
Chapter 13 Soils, Geology, Hydrology and Hydrogeology provides summary details <strong>of</strong> Site<br />
Investigations undertaken to date. Further detailed geotechnical ground investigation will be carried<br />
out prior to the detailed design <strong>of</strong> the proposed works. A number <strong>of</strong> boreholes will be drilled behind<br />
the existing quay walls, along the proposed line <strong>of</strong> defences to determine the insitu ground conditions.<br />
Structural condition surveys <strong>of</strong> adjacent structures will be completed as part <strong>of</strong> detailed engineering<br />
design to determine their current structural condition.<br />
2.6 OUTLINE CONSTRUCTION STAGE METHODOLOGY<br />
2.6.1 General<br />
All relevant safety, structural and engineering codes and standards will be adhered to throughout the<br />
construction stage.<br />
2.6.2 Duration<br />
The contract duration will be determined by the Contractors work proposals accounting for any timing<br />
and seasonal restrictions imposed by the EIS or other statutory bodies. However, it is expected that it<br />
will take approximately 24 months to complete the proposed works. Typical normal working hours<br />
will be 08:00 to 18:00 Monday to Friday and 08:00 to 16:00 on Saturday but these may be varied in<br />
exceptional circumstances with the agreement <strong>of</strong> Cork County Council (on behalf <strong>of</strong> the OPW).<br />
2.6.3 Access<br />
Access to construct the proposed works will vary depending on the watercourse, the location <strong>of</strong> the<br />
works along the watercourse and the nature <strong>of</strong> works to be carried out. The Construction Contractor<br />
is likely to use a variety <strong>of</strong> access locations, temporary works and construction techniques.<br />
Where possible, it is expected that the Contractor will gain access from the river banks. However, in<br />
areas where working space is restricted on the landside, the Contractor may gain access and<br />
construct a temporary working area within the river channel. Similarly, for works such as masonry<br />
facing to proposed floodwalls, this may, depending on the Contractors preferred works proposals, be<br />
carried out from a temporary working platform on the riverside <strong>of</strong> the works.<br />
It is expected that access to construct the proposed flood defences which are located away from the<br />
river’s edge where possible will be from the landward side in order to avoid any impact to the river,<br />
e.g. embankments.<br />
Where in-stream works are proposed, e.g. regrading <strong>of</strong> the riverbed and structural works to piers at<br />
John F. Kennedy Bridge, the Contractor will be required to enter the watercourse at agreed<br />
designated safe access points on the river bank.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 2-9 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Further details <strong>of</strong> the access requirements at each location will be determined during the detailed<br />
design stage <strong>of</strong> the project. Should access from the river channel be required, the details will be<br />
discussed with staff from the various statutory bodies including the Inland Fisheries Ireland (IFI) and<br />
National Parks and Wildlife Service (NPWS) and appropriate mitigation measures will be agreed to<br />
avoid negative impacts on the rivers/streams.<br />
2.6.4 Equipment<br />
It is expected that most <strong>of</strong> the equipment used will be standard construction plant for a project <strong>of</strong> this<br />
nature, e.g. mechanical excavators, dump trucks, dewatering pumps, ready mix concrete lorries, pile<br />
drivers, rock breakers etc. The results <strong>of</strong> the site investigation and the successful contractor’s<br />
construction methods will determine the specific equipment required.<br />
2.6.5 Temporary Protection Work<br />
It is not envisaged that temporary flood protection works to Skibbereen Town will be necessary prior<br />
to or during construction. It is likely, however, that the Contractor will require localised temporary<br />
works to keep his working area dry and/or protect the working area from inundation.<br />
These temporary works are likely to include but are not limited to earthen dams, steel sheet piles,<br />
sandbags and dewatering equipment, depending on the location <strong>of</strong> the works and the adjacent water<br />
level. Safety considerations will require the Contractor to provide temporary fencing to working areas.<br />
In some locations, this may involve temporary public road closures.<br />
2.6.6 Clearance <strong>of</strong> Vegetation<br />
In order to reduce potential damage to vegetation that will be retained following the works, efforts will<br />
be made to limit the amount <strong>of</strong> work to be carried out within the spread <strong>of</strong> trees, shrubs or hedges to<br />
be retained. No soil, spoil, construction materials or rubbish will be stored or tipped and no<br />
construction plant or vehicles will be parked within the spread <strong>of</strong> existing trees, shrubs or hedges.<br />
Clearance <strong>of</strong> some vegetation will be required at and adjacent to the proposed works. Where work<br />
must take place inside or close to the spread <strong>of</strong> trees to be retained, then a qualified Arboriculturist<br />
should be consulted and works should take place outside the nesting period.<br />
The Contractor will take all reasonable precautions to protect, in the course <strong>of</strong> his work, any existing<br />
plant materials from malicious or accidental damage and will endeavour to ensure that no branches<br />
will be lopped and no roots over 50 mm diameter severed from growing trees without prior<br />
consultation with an Arboriculturist. Where possible, vegetation will be reinstated following completion<br />
<strong>of</strong> the project.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 2-10 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
2.6.7 Biotic Contaminants<br />
Invasive alien species such as Himalyan balsam and Japanese knotweed are present (See Chapter<br />
8 Terrestrial Flora and Fauna) within the proposed works areas and these species could potentially<br />
be dispersed downstream via the River Ilen into Roaringwater Bay and Islands cSAC as a<br />
consequence <strong>of</strong> the proposed works.<br />
The Contractor will take every precaution to prevent the spread <strong>of</strong> invasive species (Japanese<br />
Knotweed in particular) encountered during the works by ensuring that all plant and equipment that<br />
comes in contact with these species (and soil deemed contaminated with species) are regularly<br />
cleaned in the appropriate manner.<br />
The Contractor will be obliged to comply with The European Communities (Birds and Natural<br />
Habitats) Regulations 2011 which contain important new provisions to address the problem <strong>of</strong><br />
invasive species.<br />
See Section 8.5 <strong>of</strong> Chapter 8 Terrestrial Flora and Fauna for further details on mitigation measures<br />
with regards to the control <strong>of</strong> invasive species.<br />
2.6.8 Reinstatement<br />
Lands entered or disturbed during construction will be reinstated to their original condition upon<br />
completion <strong>of</strong> the main works. Landscaping is to take place following construction, in a manner<br />
appropriate to each particular area as detailed in Section 9.5 <strong>of</strong> Chapter 9 Landscape and Visual<br />
<strong>Impact</strong> Assessment.<br />
2.6.9 In Stream Works<br />
The most significant in-stream works are proposed at John F. Kennedy Bridge (regrading works) and<br />
in the Caol Stream, where a concrete channel section is to be installed / constructed.<br />
The remainder <strong>of</strong> the proposed works primarily consist <strong>of</strong> the construction <strong>of</strong> flood defences on the<br />
river banks. Where possible, the flood defences are located away from the river’s edge to avoid<br />
encroachment into the river channel. However, certain flood walls may also be constructed in the<br />
river channel outside <strong>of</strong> the existing walls.<br />
It is therefore envisaged that temporary access to the river banks to construct the proposed flood<br />
defences may be required.<br />
The following areas have been identified where access for construction may be within or via the river<br />
channel:-<br />
• Approximately 43 m <strong>of</strong> in stream riverbed regrading works in the River Ilen at John F. Kennedy<br />
Bridge.<br />
• Structural works to bridge piers at John F. Kennedy Bridge.<br />
• Approximately 310 m <strong>of</strong> flood wall along the southern bank <strong>of</strong> the River Ilen, located upstream<br />
<strong>of</strong> John F. Kennedy Bridge.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 2-11 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
• To the rear <strong>of</strong> the properties on North Street, it is proposed to construct approximately 260 m <strong>of</strong><br />
embankment, floodwall and stone revetment along the eastern bank <strong>of</strong> the River Ilen. Working<br />
space and access to the rear <strong>of</strong> these properties is restricted.<br />
• To compensate for the loss <strong>of</strong> river channel along the eastern bank caused by the construction<br />
<strong>of</strong> the embankment, floodwall and revetment to the rear <strong>of</strong> North Street as outlined above,<br />
widening <strong>of</strong> the river channel over the same length <strong>of</strong> works is required along the western bank<br />
<strong>of</strong> the River Ilen.<br />
• Approximately 340 m <strong>of</strong> concrete channel section along the Caol Stream between <strong>Main</strong> Street<br />
Bridge and Market Street.<br />
• Approximately 290 m <strong>of</strong> flood walls along the banks <strong>of</strong> the Assolas Stream.<br />
• Approximately 330 m <strong>of</strong> flood walls along the banks <strong>of</strong> the Caol Stream.<br />
• Installation <strong>of</strong> a non return valve on the Glencurragh Stream.<br />
• Two culverts, approximately 48 m and 15 m on Showgrounds Stream.<br />
• Approximately 60 m <strong>of</strong> culvert <strong>of</strong> Mill Race east <strong>of</strong> Mill Road.<br />
The extent <strong>of</strong> the temporary in-stream works is not limited to those outlined above. The full extent can<br />
only be determined at the detailed design stage, following a comprehensive geotechnical ground<br />
investigation. However, for the purpose <strong>of</strong> this assessment it has been assumed that all <strong>of</strong> the above<br />
works will be required and the resulting potential impacts have been addressed in each <strong>of</strong> the<br />
chapters.<br />
2.6.10 Construction <strong>of</strong> the Flood Defences<br />
Construction <strong>of</strong> the flood defences outlined above is likely to involve but is not limited to the following<br />
construction activities:<br />
• Site investigation<br />
• Temporary Works<br />
• Pile driving<br />
• Sheetpiling<br />
• Excavation for foundations, including over excavation <strong>of</strong> unsuitable materials<br />
• Blinding <strong>of</strong> formations<br />
• Steel fixing<br />
• Placing and stripping <strong>of</strong> formwork<br />
• Placing <strong>of</strong> cast in situ concrete<br />
• Placing <strong>of</strong> precast concrete components<br />
• Placing <strong>of</strong> fill material<br />
• Placing <strong>of</strong> pipes<br />
• Grouting <strong>of</strong> existing structures<br />
• Masonry facing<br />
• Landscaping<br />
• Reinstatement<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 2-12 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
2.6.11 Construction <strong>of</strong> the Drainage Scheme<br />
The construction <strong>of</strong> the reinforced concrete flood defence walls is likely to be carried out by traditional<br />
methods whereby a hole is excavated large enough to accommodate the foundations. Then the<br />
foundation and wall steel reinforcement will be fixed. Temporary formwork is erected to form the<br />
faces <strong>of</strong> the wall. Concrete is poured to form the wall and the formwork is removed several days later.<br />
Then masonry cladding will be fixed to those parts <strong>of</strong> the wall that will be designated to receive<br />
masonry facing. Finally, the ground on both sides <strong>of</strong> the wall will be backfilled and reinstated. It<br />
should be pointed out that during the construction <strong>of</strong> foundations, it may be necessary to use<br />
dewatering pumps to keep the working area dry.<br />
Some <strong>of</strong> the proposed wall sections will be on sheet piled foundations. The sheet piles will be driven<br />
from the land side where possible; however it may be necessary to work from the river to complete<br />
these works, and the exact methodology will be determined by the successful Contractor. The<br />
appropriate pile driving methods will be determined when the geotechnical site investigation results<br />
are available. On completion <strong>of</strong> the pile driving, the ground to the rear <strong>of</strong> the piles will be excavated<br />
and a drainage pipe in a granular trench will be laid. Formwork for the concrete surround will be<br />
erected and concrete will be poured to form a wall around the top <strong>of</strong> the sheet pile to the required<br />
height. The formwork will then be removed, and a masonry facing will be fixed as required. A capping<br />
stone will also be fixed to the top <strong>of</strong> the wall where required. The ground will be backfilled and<br />
reinstated to its original condition on completion <strong>of</strong> the works.<br />
The design criteria for the proposed embankment is to ensure that they be stable and control seepage<br />
to acceptable levels. The type <strong>of</strong> material to be used will have low permeability characteristics<br />
overlain by grassed topsoil. The construction <strong>of</strong> the earthen flood defence embankments is likely to<br />
comprise excavation <strong>of</strong> existing ground to a create formation level for the bank, before placing and<br />
compaction <strong>of</strong> the bank material. The top layer <strong>of</strong> the embankment will consist <strong>of</strong> topsoil and will be grass<br />
seeded. A toe drain will be provided where required to provide drainage at the foot <strong>of</strong> the embankment.<br />
Alternative designs for seepage control such as sheet piling, grout curtains etc. will also be considered as<br />
part <strong>of</strong> the detailed engineering design.<br />
The construction <strong>of</strong> drainage and pumping stations will involve excavation to formation level, and<br />
placing and compaction <strong>of</strong> granular bedding material, before placing <strong>of</strong> pipes/chamber. The trench will<br />
be backfilled and compacted with suitable granular material, before the area is reinstated as<br />
appropriate.<br />
Concrete Culvert sections are also required as part <strong>of</strong> the works. These are expected to be pre-cast<br />
concrete sections which will be cast <strong>of</strong>f-site and then delivered to site. The existing watercourse will<br />
be over-pumped or diverted while the works are being completed. The watercourse bed will be<br />
excavated to formation level before the culvert sections are lifted into place. The ground on either side<br />
<strong>of</strong> the culvert will then be backfilled and in general will be grass seeded. Where a watercourse is to be<br />
diverted from its original path, the ground will be excavated along the new route to formation level<br />
before the sections are dropped into place. The ground will be backfilled to the new culvert, and the<br />
surrounding ground will be reinstated as appropriate. The original watercourse channel will be<br />
backfilled using excavated material. The surface will be grass seeded or otherwise, as appropriate. A<br />
watertight seal between the new culvert sections and older sections/bridge crossings will be ensured.<br />
The extent <strong>of</strong> disturbance to the lands, to banks and the river bed will be dependent on the successful<br />
Contractor. In certain locations, where there is a possibility <strong>of</strong> seepage underneath the flood defence,<br />
either sheet piles or grouting techniques may be required to provide a cut-<strong>of</strong>f. The sheet piles may be<br />
metal or plastic and will be driven to the required depth using a piling hammer or similar.<br />
A formed concrete channel with walls to flood defence level is to be laid along the Caol Stream. The<br />
existing river bed will be excavated to formation level, before the channel sections are placed.<br />
Existing walls/revetments along the bank will be removed where necessary. The ground behind the<br />
wall sections <strong>of</strong> the channel will be excavated and drainage placed to the rear <strong>of</strong> the wall sections.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 2-13 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
The ground will be backfilled to the wall and reinstated as appropriate to its location. The parapets <strong>of</strong><br />
existing bridges will be replaced with solid concrete sections also which will be tied into the wall<br />
sections <strong>of</strong> the channel. A watertight seal between all sections <strong>of</strong> the channel will be ensured.<br />
Masonry cladding will be fixed to those parts <strong>of</strong> the wall that are designated to receive masonry<br />
facing. It is expected that the concrete sections will be pre-cast <strong>of</strong>f site and lifted into place. However<br />
exact method <strong>of</strong> construction <strong>of</strong> this section <strong>of</strong> works will be determined by the successful Contactor.<br />
The works required at John F. Kennedy Bridge will require the removal <strong>of</strong> river bed material from<br />
underneath the bridge. It is unlikely that the material excavated can be reused elsewhere on the<br />
project. It will be necessary to dispose <strong>of</strong> this unsuitable material <strong>of</strong>f site in accordance with any<br />
requirements governing construction waste. Works will also be required to support the exposed bridge<br />
piers. This will involve the construction <strong>of</strong> a reinforced concrete apron at the piers. It will be necessary<br />
to complete this work in the dry. This involves erecting temporary dams around the working area, and<br />
dewatering works may be required. The bed level will be excavated to form formation level for the<br />
apron, before then the steel reinforcement is fixed. Temporary formwork is erected to form the faces<br />
<strong>of</strong> the apron. Concrete is poured to form the apron and the formwork is removed several days later.<br />
The temporary dams will be removed on completion <strong>of</strong> this work.<br />
2.6.12 Welfare Facilities<br />
Prefabricated temporary buildings will be provided for the site workers during the construction works.<br />
These facilities will include welfare facilities and <strong>of</strong>fice space as required. Any effluent generated from<br />
the welfare facilities will be discharged to the public sewer.<br />
Plant and machinery may also be stored at this location. A wheelwash will be provided at exit points<br />
from the works site to ensure that vehicles leaving the works area do not carry excess soil and<br />
material onto the adjacent public road infrastructure.<br />
2.6.13 <strong>Main</strong>tenance<br />
The Office <strong>of</strong> Public Works are obliged, under the terms <strong>of</strong> the Arterial Drainage Acts, 1945 and 1995,<br />
to maintain completed flood relief schemes in proper repair and effective condition. This may mean,<br />
inter alia:-<br />
• Clearing obstructions to flows from time to time, e.g., fallen trees, significant weed growth, build<br />
up <strong>of</strong> materials likely to impact on the performance <strong>of</strong> the scheme;<br />
• Repairing and rebuilding structures (walls and embankments);<br />
• Prevention <strong>of</strong> erosion/undermining <strong>of</strong> the completed works <strong>of</strong> the scheme; and<br />
• Regular inspection, maintenance and upgrade <strong>of</strong> all mechanical equipment associated with the<br />
proposed works<br />
While the maintenance requirements <strong>of</strong> the scheme will be monitored and reviewed on an annual<br />
basis, it is envisaged that maintenance works would only be undertaken as and when required, e.g.,<br />
on a six to ten year cycle.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 2-14 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
3 METHODOLOGY<br />
3.1 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT<br />
This <strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> has been prepared in accordance with EC (<strong>Environmental</strong><br />
<strong>Impact</strong> Assessment) Regulations 1989 to 2001, and the recommendations <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Environmental</strong><br />
Protection Agency’s (EPA) Draft Guidelines on the Information to be contained in <strong>Environmental</strong><br />
<strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong>s (2002) and Advice Notes on Current Practice (on the preparation <strong>of</strong> <strong>Environmental</strong><br />
<strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong>s) (EPA, 1998). The details <strong>of</strong> the methodology to be used in each individual<br />
discipline are given in the relevant chapter <strong>of</strong> the text.<br />
Each <strong>of</strong> the main section <strong>of</strong> the report follows the same general format, as follows:-<br />
• An Introduction describing the purpose <strong>of</strong> the section.<br />
• A description <strong>of</strong> the Methodology used in the section.<br />
• A description <strong>of</strong> the aspects <strong>of</strong> the Existing Environment relevant to the environmental topic<br />
under consideration.<br />
• An assessment <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>of</strong> the proposed development on the environmental topic under<br />
consideration.<br />
• Recommendation for Mitigation measures to reduce or eliminate any significant negative<br />
impacts identified.<br />
• An assessment <strong>of</strong> the Residual <strong>Impact</strong>, which will remain assuming that the recommended<br />
mitigation measures are fully and successfully implemented.<br />
3.2 WORK COMPLETED TO DATE<br />
The following tasks have been undertaken by the EIS and design team:<br />
• <strong>Environmental</strong> Constraints Report (RPS, July 2011) and Public Consultation on Constraints<br />
(public consultation 23 rd March 2011);<br />
• EIA Scoping Report (RPS, July 2012);<br />
• Identification <strong>of</strong> flood relief options;<br />
• <strong>Environmental</strong> inputs to overall Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) <strong>of</strong> flood relief options;<br />
• Selection <strong>of</strong> Preferred Flood Relief Option based on MCA results;<br />
• Public Consultation on the emerging Preferred Flood Relief Option (public consultation 25 th <strong>of</strong><br />
January 2011); and<br />
• Appropriate Assessment Screening Report (See Appendix 7.2 AA Screening) (October, 2012<br />
and updated in February 2012).<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 3-1 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Where possible this EIS utilises existing information from previous studies in the area. Additional<br />
surveys have been carried out where necessary to update the baseline data for the current impact<br />
assessment.<br />
Additional reports completed by the design team that are referred to in the EIS comprise the<br />
following:-<br />
• Hydrology Report;<br />
• Hydraulic Model and Hydraulics Report;<br />
• Economic Damages Assessment;<br />
• Flood Risk Assessment and Flood Maps;<br />
• Preliminary Geotechnical Site Investigations; and<br />
• Multi-criteria analysis <strong>of</strong> Flood Relief Options.<br />
3.3 LIMITATIONS ENCOUNTERED<br />
No limitations were encountered during the preparation <strong>of</strong> this EIS.<br />
3.4 CONSULTATION<br />
Much <strong>of</strong> the guidance and legislation relating to EIA stresses the importance <strong>of</strong> inclusive consultation<br />
with key stakeholders and the public for any given project.<br />
3.4.1 Summary <strong>of</strong> Consultation during the Constraints Stage<br />
3.4.1.1 Public Consultation<br />
As part <strong>of</strong> the Constraints Study a Public Consultation Day was held in the Town Hall in Skibbereen<br />
on the 23 rd <strong>of</strong> March 2011 between 3pm and 9pm.<br />
The main objectives <strong>of</strong> the public consultation day were to:-<br />
• Gather information on flood events;<br />
• Gather information on possible flood relief options;<br />
• Outline the design and statutory process;<br />
• Provide an opportunity for comment at an early stage; and<br />
• Gather information about environmental constraints.<br />
The Public Consultation Day was initiated with a presentation from RPS, Office <strong>of</strong> Public Works<br />
(OPW) and Cork County Council (CCC) to the Members <strong>of</strong> Skibbereen Town Council, the purpose <strong>of</strong><br />
which was to present the study area and the project to the elected members, prior to the Public<br />
Information Event, and to outline the process involved in the preparation <strong>of</strong> the Skibbereen Drainage<br />
Scheme.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 3-2 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
This presentation was held in Skibbereen Town Council between 2.00pm and 3.00pm. Following the<br />
presentation members <strong>of</strong> staff from the OPW, Cork County Council, <strong>Environmental</strong> Team and Design<br />
Team (RPS) were available to answer questions from members <strong>of</strong> the Council.<br />
Following the presentation the public exhibition opened at 3.00pm and remained open to the public<br />
until 9.00pm. During which time members <strong>of</strong> the public met and discussed key issues with members<br />
<strong>of</strong> the Design Team (RPS), the <strong>Environmental</strong> Team (RPS), Cork County Council, Skibbereen Town<br />
Council and the OPW.<br />
Questionnaires were also circulated at the Public Consultation Day and were returned by freepost to<br />
RPS. A total <strong>of</strong> 166 no. questionnaires were given out during the course <strong>of</strong> the day and 50 no. were<br />
returned to RPS.<br />
Notification <strong>of</strong> the Public Consultation Day was advertised as follows:-<br />
• Public notices were erected on traffic poles throughout Skibbereen Town;<br />
• Public notices were placed in schools, library, shops etc;<br />
• Public notice on the Southern Star Newspaper; and<br />
• Advertising on Red FM and C103.<br />
A consultation report was prepared (May, 2011) which summarised the information gathered during<br />
the course <strong>of</strong> the consultation day and from the key questionnaires posed and discussions with<br />
members <strong>of</strong> the public and the study team. Key information that was provided during this first stage <strong>of</strong><br />
consultation comprised information on the following:<br />
• Types <strong>of</strong> property flooded;<br />
• Depths <strong>of</strong> flooding;<br />
• Source <strong>of</strong> flooding;<br />
• Flood mitigation measures currently in place by members <strong>of</strong> the public;<br />
• View on flood relief options;<br />
• Suggested flood relief options; and<br />
• <strong>Environmental</strong> Constraints.<br />
With regards environmental constraints in general people felt that while the environment should be<br />
protected, the protection <strong>of</strong> people and their homes was considered a priority. The protection <strong>of</strong> water<br />
quality emerged as most important environmental issue that should be addressed as part <strong>of</strong> the EIS<br />
(refer to Chapter 7 Aquatic Flora and Fauna and Chapter 13 Soils, Geology Hydrology and<br />
Hydrogeology).<br />
3.4.1.2 Stakeholder Consultation<br />
Consultation, in writing, was carried out with a number <strong>of</strong> relevant stakeholders and consultees<br />
identified for this project (Table 3.1). These stakeholders were invited to submit information or<br />
requirements that they considered should be included in the constraints report. They were also<br />
notified and invited to the Public Consultation Day as described above in Section 3.4.1 above.<br />
Information gathered at the information say was used to inform the EIS and the design <strong>of</strong> the scheme.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 3-3 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Table 3.1: Summary <strong>of</strong> Statutory Consultation<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> Authorities<br />
EPA Regional Inspectorate<br />
Department <strong>of</strong> the Environment Heritage and Local Government<br />
Dept. <strong>of</strong> Communications, Energy and Natural Resources<br />
Primary Stakeholders<br />
OPW<br />
Cork County Council<br />
South West Regional Authority<br />
Skibbereen Town Council<br />
Secondary Stakeholders<br />
An Taisce<br />
Skibbereen Rowing Club<br />
Fáilte Éireann<br />
Irish Creamery Milk Suppliers Association<br />
Fáilte Ireland<br />
RIPPLE committee<br />
Geological Survey <strong>of</strong> Ireland<br />
Skibbereen Flood Committee<br />
The Heritage Council<br />
Coomhola Salmon Trust<br />
Landscape Alliance Ireland<br />
Skibbereen Tourist Information Office<br />
NPWS<br />
Teagasc Local group<br />
National Roads Authority<br />
Teagasc Headquarters West Cork<br />
Southern Regional Fisheries Board<br />
Skibbereen Historical Society<br />
South Western River Basin District Authority O'Donovan Rossa GAA Club<br />
Birdwatch Ireland<br />
Skibbereen Fire Service<br />
County Development Board<br />
Skibbereen Rugby Club<br />
Coillte Teoranta (Forest Service)<br />
Skibbereen Business Association<br />
Inland Fisheries Ireland<br />
Irish Wildlife Trust<br />
Irish Farmers Association<br />
Bat Conservation Ireland<br />
National Parks & Wildlife Service<br />
Birdwatch Ireland West Cork<br />
River Ilen Angler's Club<br />
Fáilte Ireland South West<br />
For this Consultation phase RPS received four responses from the following key stakeholders:-<br />
• National Roads Authority;<br />
• Inland Fisheries Ireland;<br />
• South Western River Basin District; and<br />
• Geological Survey <strong>of</strong> Ireland.<br />
A copy <strong>of</strong> these responses is included in Appendix 3.2 List <strong>of</strong> Responses from Statutory Bodies.<br />
3.4.2 Stage 2 - Summary <strong>of</strong> Consultation during the development <strong>of</strong> Preferred Flood<br />
Relief Option<br />
3.4.2.1 Public Consultation<br />
As part <strong>of</strong> the Stage 2 Consultation at Option Selection Stage, members <strong>of</strong> the public and<br />
stakeholders were again contacted, asked for their input and invited to a Public Consultation Day held<br />
on 25 th <strong>of</strong> January 2012.<br />
Notification <strong>of</strong> the Public Consultation Day was advertised as outlined above for Stage 1.<br />
The objective <strong>of</strong> public consultation at the Option Selection Constraints Stage was to:<br />
• Present an update <strong>of</strong> progress to date;<br />
• Present preliminary results from the study;<br />
• Present the emerging preferred option for flood risk management; and<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 3-4 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
• Solicit comments and response from stakeholders to the proposed Drainage Scheme.<br />
All attendees <strong>of</strong> the Public Consultation Day were encouraged to sign a register <strong>of</strong> attendance. A<br />
total <strong>of</strong> 110 signatures were received, although it was felt that the actual attendance was significantly<br />
higher, well in excess <strong>of</strong> 150 persons.<br />
A consultation report was prepared in January 2012 which summarised the information gathered<br />
during the course <strong>of</strong> the consultation day and from the questionnaires. During this stage <strong>of</strong> the<br />
consultation the comments received largely comprised <strong>of</strong> the following:<br />
• Additional Information Requests;<br />
• Concerns/clarification with regards to the potential for impact from the proposed measures on<br />
individual properties, including:-<br />
• Prevention <strong>of</strong> water coming through floors;<br />
• Access arrangements across embankments;<br />
• Specific details <strong>of</strong> measures on individual properties;<br />
• Compensation arrangements and the associated process;<br />
• Concerns regarding the capacity <strong>of</strong> the John F. Kennedy Bridge to cater for the flood<br />
flow;<br />
• Suggested alternative flood relief measures;<br />
• Clarification regarding the increase in water level and an increased frequency <strong>of</strong><br />
flooding upstream <strong>of</strong> the proposed defences;<br />
• Clarification regarding planning implications <strong>of</strong> proposed works;<br />
• Availability <strong>of</strong> funding for the scheme;<br />
• Provision for future planned riverside walkway; and<br />
• Implications for potential development in the benefiting lands.<br />
3.4.3 Stage 3 - EIS Scoping Stage<br />
A Scoping Report was prepared in July 2012 and as part <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> Assessment<br />
(EIA) process, a copy <strong>of</strong> the Scoping Report (Appendix 3.1 EIA Scoping Report) was issued to key<br />
stakeholders outlined in Table 3.2. The purpose <strong>of</strong> this scoping report was to provide an overview <strong>of</strong><br />
the options considered, a description <strong>of</strong> the key environmental issues/constraints, a brief description<br />
<strong>of</strong> the preferred option and the scope <strong>of</strong> the EIA and EIS.<br />
Consultees were invited to contribute to the EIA by suggesting baseline data, field survey techniques<br />
and potential impacts that should be addressed throughout the EIA process and in preparation <strong>of</strong> the<br />
EIS.<br />
Table 3.2 below provides a summary <strong>of</strong> the responses received during this Scoping Stage <strong>of</strong> the<br />
consultation process. (Refer to Appendix 3.3 List <strong>of</strong> Responses from Scoping Stage for full<br />
details).<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 3-5 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Table 3.2: Consultees During EIS Scoping Stage<br />
Consultee<br />
Cork County Council (Planning Section)<br />
Irish Planning Institute<br />
An Bord Pleanála<br />
Institute <strong>of</strong> Geologists<br />
South Western River Basin District<br />
Inland Fisheries Ireland<br />
Waterways Ireland<br />
Fáilte Ireland<br />
Irish Creamery Milk Suppliers<br />
Association<br />
National Roads Authority<br />
Summary Response<br />
Acknowledgement.<br />
Declined to comment given the IPA represent individuals in<br />
the private and public sector.<br />
Acknowledgement- No Comments at this stage.<br />
Acknowledgement- No comment.<br />
Scheme should comply with the objectives <strong>of</strong> the Water<br />
Framework Directive. Reference in particular should be<br />
made to Section 4.2.3 <strong>of</strong> the SWRBD Plan which refers to<br />
new modifications or sustainable development and Section<br />
6.1.1 Land Use Planning.<br />
Raised concerns over culverting streams widening <strong>of</strong> the<br />
main channel and the potential impact to fisheries.<br />
Recommended addressing in terms <strong>of</strong> fisheries loss <strong>of</strong><br />
habitat and impact on fish passage. Advised that they<br />
would submit detailed comments upon review <strong>of</strong> the EIS.<br />
Acknowledgement- No comment.<br />
Fáilte Ireland Guidelines for the treatment <strong>of</strong> tourism in EISs<br />
should be adhered to.<br />
Avoid impacts to agricultural activity and/or farmland<br />
upstream or downstream <strong>of</strong> the proposed works. A full<br />
analysis <strong>of</strong> any proposal must be undertaken and<br />
guarantees given regarding the flooding <strong>of</strong> agricultural<br />
lands.<br />
Refer to the NRA Guidelines and circulars. Consultation<br />
with relevant Local Authority regarding existing and future<br />
road schemes, i.e. potential impacts associated with the<br />
N71.<br />
Address potential landscape and visual, dust and noise,<br />
traffic and safety impacts.<br />
Potential cumulative impacts associated within other road<br />
schemes in the areas.<br />
Department <strong>of</strong> Agriculture Food and the<br />
Marine<br />
Health Service Executive (2 responses)<br />
Potential impacts to soil quality including destabilization <strong>of</strong><br />
banks, soil erosion, run-<strong>of</strong>f and soil contamination.<br />
Avoidance <strong>of</strong> impacts to Agricultural activity.<br />
Human beings and potential impacts upstream and<br />
downstream <strong>of</strong> the works<br />
Landuse intensification in flood protected areas.<br />
Water and impacts to WWTP (wastewater treatment plant).<br />
Groundwater vulnerability.<br />
Air and noise impacts.<br />
Pest control.<br />
Provision <strong>of</strong> construction compounds.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 3-6 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
3.4.4 Consultation Meetings<br />
In addition to the consultation outlined above, DixonBrosnan and Associates (ecologists working on<br />
behalf <strong>of</strong> RPS) and the RPS Project Manager for the design <strong>of</strong> the proposed Drainage scheme<br />
consulted with Inland Fisheries representatives through a series <strong>of</strong> phone calls and site meetings on a<br />
number <strong>of</strong> occasions.<br />
Consultation was also undertaken with the NPWS District Conservation Officer (Mr. Declan O<br />
Donnell).<br />
Summary details <strong>of</strong> all consultation with regards to aquatic and terrestrial ecology is summarised in<br />
Table 7.1 <strong>of</strong> Chapter 7 Aquatic Flora and Fauna and Table 8.1 <strong>of</strong> Chapter 8 Terrestrial Flora and<br />
Fauna respectively.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 3-7 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Flood Alleviation Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
4 CONSIDERATION OF ALTERNATIVES<br />
4.1 INTRODUCTION<br />
This section <strong>of</strong> the EIS contains a description <strong>of</strong> the alternatives that were considered for meeting the<br />
objective <strong>of</strong> reducing flood risk in Skibbereen.<br />
Article 5 <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> Assessment (EIA) Directive (85/337/EEC) states that the<br />
information contained in an <strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> (EIS) should include an outline <strong>of</strong> the<br />
main alternatives studied by the developer and an indication <strong>of</strong> the main reasons for the final choice,<br />
taking into account the environmental effects.<br />
The consideration <strong>of</strong> alternatives is an effective means <strong>of</strong> selecting the option with the least<br />
environmental impact. The EPA document “Guidelines on the Information to be Contained in EISs<br />
(EPA, 2002) states that it is important to acknowledge however the existence <strong>of</strong> difficulties and<br />
limitations when considering alternatives including hierarchy, non environmental factors and site<br />
specific issues, as discussed below and detailed in the overall Multi Criteria Analysis Report (River Ilen<br />
(Skibbereen) Option Development Process Multi Criteria Analysis, RPS, January 2011). A description<br />
<strong>of</strong> the ‘no development’ or ‘do nothing’ scenario is also outlined in the MCA and summarised below.<br />
4.2 METHODOLOGY ON ASSESSMENT OF ALTERNATIVES<br />
A preliminary environmental constraints assessment was prepared by RPS in July 2011. The purpose<br />
<strong>of</strong> this report was to describe the environmental constraints in the Study Area that required<br />
consideration throughout the environmental impact assessment process to enable selection <strong>of</strong><br />
possible flood relief options with the least environmental impact.<br />
Following this, RPS undertook an Option Development Process through the use <strong>of</strong> Multi Criteria<br />
Analysis (MCA). As part <strong>of</strong> the study a series <strong>of</strong> flood maps were prepared for Skibbereen (Area <strong>of</strong><br />
Potential Significant Flood Risk, (APSR)).<br />
The primary objective <strong>of</strong> the MCA process was to identify a flood risk management solution capable <strong>of</strong><br />
providing flood protection to the design standard within the APSR.<br />
Prior to the Multi Criteria Analysis stage <strong>of</strong> the option development process RPS completed a<br />
Preliminary Option Screening Process whereby a wide range <strong>of</strong> flood risk management measures<br />
were screened for their potential applicability in achieving the Flood Risk Management Objectives for<br />
the Skibbereen APSR. This Preliminary Measure Screening determined whether a measure was<br />
either practical and/or applicable and had the potential to achieve a positive benefit when evaluated<br />
under the core criteria which comprised:-<br />
• Applicability to the area;<br />
• Social;<br />
• <strong>Environmental</strong>;<br />
• Cultural; and<br />
• Economic.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 4-1 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Flood Alleviation Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Following this initial screening exercise, a number <strong>of</strong> primary and secondary flood risk mitigation<br />
measures were carried forward to the Multi-Criteria Analysis which comprised the following:-<br />
a) Do nothing (BASELINE MEASURE against which all other options were be scored)<br />
Primary Measures<br />
b) Upstream storage<br />
c) Diversion <strong>of</strong> watercourse<br />
d) Improvement <strong>of</strong> channel conveyance<br />
e) Hard defences<br />
Secondary Measures<br />
f) Channel or flood defence maintenance works / programme<br />
g) Strategic development management<br />
h) Planning & development and building regulation control<br />
i) Proactive maintenance regime.<br />
j) Land use management<br />
k) Public awareness campaign<br />
l) Flood warning system<br />
Based on the above measures, RPS developed sixteen potential flood risk management options for<br />
the Skibbereen APSR assessment unit. These options were variant combinations <strong>of</strong> the primary<br />
measures identified as having flood management potential following initial hydraulic modelling <strong>of</strong> the<br />
options. In general, the options included combinations <strong>of</strong> the following elements:-<br />
Hard Defences<br />
• Cut-<strong>of</strong>f wall;<br />
• Cut-<strong>of</strong>f embankment; and<br />
• Culvert (following consultation with the IFI re-designed to comprise a U-box to avoid potential<br />
impacts to protected fish species).<br />
Diversion<br />
• Re-aligned River Ilen Channel with walls/embankments to contain peak water levels. Original<br />
channel to be retained as a water feature.<br />
Overflow Diversion<br />
• Overflow channel with walls/embankments to contain peak flows & water levels with flow<br />
control structure upstream & downstream to divert peak flows and levels.<br />
Overpumping<br />
• Storm pumping station with capacity up to peak flow and associated structures.<br />
Channel Conveyance<br />
• Channel widening; and<br />
• Channel deepening.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 4-2 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Flood Alleviation Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
In developing these options consideration was given to hydrological estimation, hydraulic modelling<br />
and available engineering records and surveys for the Skibbereen APSR, including:-<br />
• River Channel & Cross Section Survey (Murphy Surveys March 2011);<br />
• Aerial Survey (2m DTM & DEM) (OPW, August 2010);<br />
• Skibbereen Sewerage Scheme - Geotechnical Site Investigation (2005);<br />
• Skibbereen Flood Relief Scheme – Geotechnical Site Investigation (1988);<br />
• Skibbereen Sewerage Scheme – Collection System - Record Drawings (2010);<br />
• Defence Asset Survey (RPS 2011);<br />
• Review <strong>of</strong> existing & historic culverts and outfalls (RPS & CCC 2011);<br />
• Skibbereen Relief Road & Bridge – Scheme Drawings (2002); and<br />
• Various other records and surveys available to RPS.<br />
The options were assessed using Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA). MCA evaluates the proposed option<br />
based on technical, economic, environmental and social core criteria. This uses a standardised<br />
evaluation system adopted by the Office <strong>of</strong> Public Works for CFRAM projects.<br />
The core criteria were weighted as indicated in Table 4.1 below.<br />
Table 4.1: Weighting for each <strong>of</strong> the Core Criteria<br />
Criteria Overall Marks (%)<br />
Technical 10<br />
Economic 30<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> 30<br />
Social 30<br />
A number <strong>of</strong> objectives and sub-objectives were then assigned to each <strong>of</strong> the core criteria. Each<br />
objective was also assigned an indicator and minimum requirements / aspirational targets against<br />
which each option was scored.<br />
4.3 REASONS FOR CHOOSING THE PREFERRED ALTERNATIVE<br />
Based on the Multi-Criteria Analysis <strong>of</strong> the primary options, as outlined above, the following is the<br />
Preferred Option which emerged to meet the overall objective <strong>of</strong> the FRAMS by reducing Flood Risk<br />
in Skibbereen to the design standard required. This option was chosen as the preferred alternative as<br />
it had the highest ‘Benefit: Cost’ ratio and the highest MCA score (including technical, environmental<br />
and social criteria) out <strong>of</strong> all the 16 options representing a strong economic return.<br />
According to the MCA Report, the preferred option had the following benefits over the other options:-<br />
• Defence option will minimise risk to infrastructure.<br />
• Defences located to maximise existing flood plain where feasible while providing required flood<br />
protection.<br />
• Defences designed to minimise the risk <strong>of</strong> property flooding.<br />
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River Ilen (Skibbereen) Flood Alleviation Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
• No significant impact on long term water quality.<br />
• No increased or decreased pollution risk is envisaged.<br />
• No longterm impact on fish populations is envisaged.<br />
• No impacts on recorded archaeological monuments.<br />
4.4 PREFERRED ALTERNATIVE<br />
The Preferred Option is illustrated in Figure 1.2 and described in Chapter 2 Project Description.<br />
The preferred option is based on the Primary Measures and flood relief works in the following key<br />
areas within the APSR (refer to Sections 2.3 and 2.4 <strong>of</strong> Chapter 2 Project Description for details):-<br />
• River Ilen;<br />
• Caol Stream;<br />
• Assolas Stream;<br />
• Glencurragh Stream;<br />
• Showgrounds Stream; and<br />
• Local Drainage.<br />
In addition, Secondary Measures recommended as part <strong>of</strong> the River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage<br />
Scheme include:-<br />
• Increased public awareness;<br />
• Proactive and planned maintenance programme;<br />
• Planning and development controls; and<br />
• Management <strong>of</strong> lands within flood plain.<br />
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RPS/MCE0703RP0004 4-4 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
5 STRATEGIC AND STATUTORY PLANNING CONTEXT<br />
5.1 INTRODUCTION<br />
This Chapter provides an overview <strong>of</strong> the planning context for the proposed River Ilen (Skibbereen)<br />
Drainage Scheme. Strategic policy documents provide detail on the planning policy context for the<br />
town <strong>of</strong> Skibbereen nationally, regionally and county wide and for the proposed drainage scheme.<br />
This statutory planning review focuses on the relevant development plans, which provide local<br />
planning policies and objectives for the area where the scheme is proposed to be implemented.<br />
5.2 METHODOLOGY<br />
For the purposes <strong>of</strong> this EIS, RPS has undertaken a desktop review <strong>of</strong> the proposed flood relief option<br />
details against relevant planning policy documents and assessed the significance <strong>of</strong> these policy<br />
documents to the proposed scheme and the study area. A site visit was also undertaken on<br />
September 3 rd 2012 to inform this chapter. Consultation with relevant stakeholders, which included<br />
the Department <strong>of</strong> the Environment, Community and Local Government, the South West Regional<br />
Authority, Cork County Council and Skibbereen Town Council as detailed in Chapter 3 Methodology<br />
and Consultation also informed this review.<br />
5.3 STRATEGIC PLANNING CONTEXT<br />
The following documents set the proposed Drainage Scheme in its strategic planning policy context:-<br />
EU Floods Directive 2007/60/EC;<br />
National Floods Policy 2004 and the Catchment Flood Risk and Assessment Programme<br />
(CFRAM);<br />
Water Framework Directive (See Chapter 7 Aquatic Flora and Fauna for details);<br />
The Planning System and Flood Risk Management – Guidelines for Planning Authorities 2009;<br />
National Spatial Strategy 2002-2020;<br />
Our Sustainable Future: A Framework for Sustainable Development for Ireland 2012;<br />
National Climate Change Strategy 2007-2012;<br />
National Development Plan 2007-2013;<br />
South West Regional Planning Guidelines 2010-2022;<br />
South Western River Basin District Plan;<br />
North and West Cork Strategic Plan 2002-2020;<br />
Cork County Development Plan 2009-2015 and Review 2013; and<br />
Skibbereen Town Development Plan 2009 - 2015<br />
The proposed flood relief infrastructure will be located primarily in the functional area <strong>of</strong> Skibbereen<br />
Town Council and partly within the functional area <strong>of</strong> Cork County Council. The Skibbereen Town<br />
Development Plan 2009 and the Skibbereen Electoral Area Local Area Plan 2011 cover this area<br />
from a statutory planning perspective; therefore the relevance <strong>of</strong> the Cork County Development Plan<br />
2009-2015 is at a strategic level. Land use zoning and development management are discussed<br />
under the Statutory Planning heading (See Section 5.4 below).<br />
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RPS/MCE0703RP0004 5-1 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
5.3.1 EU Floods Directive 2007/60/EC<br />
Directive 2007/60/EC (Directive on the Assessment and Management <strong>of</strong> Flood Risks) came into effect<br />
in November 2007. Its aim is to reduce and manage the risks that floods pose to human health, the<br />
environment, infrastructure and property. It is applicable to coastal areas and to river basins where<br />
flood risk occurs.<br />
To implement this Directive, each state is required to carry out a preliminary assessment to identify<br />
river basins and associated coastal areas at risk <strong>of</strong> flooding. For zones identified, flood risk maps and<br />
flood risk management plans must be prepared by 2013 and 2015 respectively, to prevent flooding,<br />
and protect lands and structures. The improved provision <strong>of</strong> information on flood risk and flood risk<br />
management to the public is also a key tenet <strong>of</strong> the Directive.<br />
Long-term developments, such as climate change, as well as sustainable land use practices must be<br />
taken into consideration in co-ordinating flood risk management practices. Physical development in<br />
flood risk zones is one <strong>of</strong> the factors identified as contributing to flooding.<br />
The Directive was published on foot <strong>of</strong> the need for concerted action following the occurrence <strong>of</strong> over<br />
213 major damaging floods in Europe between 1998 and 2009, with particularly severe events in<br />
2002 and 2005. The European Commission reference EEA findings: ‘Between 1998 and 2009, floods<br />
in Europe have caused some 1126 deaths, the displacement <strong>of</strong> about half a million people and at<br />
least €52 billion in insured economic losses.’<br />
(Ref.http://ec.europa.eu/environment/water/flood_risk/index.htm).<br />
This EIS is being prepared as part <strong>of</strong> the River Ilen (Skibbereen) Flood Risk Assessment and<br />
Management Study to meet the requirements <strong>of</strong> Directive 2007/60/EC.<br />
5.3.2 National Flood Policy 2004 and the CFRAM Programme<br />
Ireland’s National Flood Policy is based on the adoption by Government <strong>of</strong> the recommendations<br />
made in the Report <strong>of</strong> the Flood Policy Review Group 2004. The policy objective is as follows:-<br />
'to minimise the national level <strong>of</strong> flood risk to people, businesses, infrastructure and the<br />
environment, through the identification and management <strong>of</strong> existing, and particularly potential<br />
future, flood risks in an integrated, proactive and catchment-based manner'.<br />
The policy identifies the Office <strong>of</strong> Public Works (OPW) as the lead agency nationally for the coordination<br />
<strong>of</strong> flood risk management, including the development <strong>of</strong> flood maps and catchment based<br />
Flood Risk Management Plans (FRAMS) in conjunction with other agencies. Key recommendations<br />
also include the development <strong>of</strong> policy and guidelines on the consideration <strong>of</strong> flood risk in planning<br />
and development management guidelines, and an increased focus on non-structural flood risk<br />
management measures, supported where necessary by structural flood relief measures. The policy<br />
seeks to reduce flood damage exposure by identifying and managing existing and potential future<br />
flood risks through an integrated, proactive approach. Flood risk management is to be conducted at a<br />
river basin level.<br />
The OPW and partner organisations, including local authorities, have been working towards the<br />
implementation <strong>of</strong> programmes to deliver the policy and the requirements <strong>of</strong> the EC Floods Directive<br />
2007. This work programme is generally covered by the national Catchment Flood Risk Assessment<br />
and Management (CFRAM) programme, which commenced in 2011. In implementing the CFRAM<br />
programme, the requirements <strong>of</strong> the EU Water Framework Directive and the current River Basin<br />
Management Plans are being taken into account.<br />
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RPS/MCE0703RP0004 5-2 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
The CFRAM Programme comprises three phases: Preliminary Flood Risk Assessment, CFRAM<br />
Studies and parallel activities, and Implementation and Review. Skibbereen falls under the South<br />
West CFRAMS project. This scheme was provided with funding by the OPW following the November<br />
2009 flood event and is at implementation and review stage.<br />
5.3.3 The Planning System and Flood Risk Management – Guidelines for Planning<br />
Authorities 2009<br />
The Guidelines for Planning Authorities ‘The Planning System and Flood Risk Management’ were<br />
issued by the Minister for the Environment, Heritage and Local Government and the Minister <strong>of</strong> State<br />
(Department <strong>of</strong> Finance) with special responsibility for the OPW in November 2009, and hereafter are<br />
referred to as the ‘Guidelines’. The Guidelines set out government policy on appropriate planning and<br />
development with respect to flood risk.<br />
The Guidelines discuss the impacts <strong>of</strong> flooding, which are important to note in the context <strong>of</strong> the<br />
proposed scheme and for the purposes <strong>of</strong> this EIS. <strong>Impact</strong>s include:-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<strong>Impact</strong>s on People and Communities – e.g. physical injury, illness (including long-term chronic<br />
illness and stress) and loss <strong>of</strong> life, financial implications and inability to recover and maintain<br />
acceptable living conditions after a flood event, requirement for Major Emergency responses;<br />
<strong>Impact</strong>s on Property – e.g. damage to contents, electrical fittings, structural damage,<br />
displacement <strong>of</strong> occupants, financial costs;<br />
<strong>Impact</strong>s on Infrastructure – e.g. shut down or disruption <strong>of</strong> transport routes or utilities, damage<br />
to infrastructure, long-term closure <strong>of</strong> businesses and associated job losses; and<br />
<strong>Impact</strong>s on the Environment – e.g. soil erosion, bank erosion, land slides, damage to<br />
vegetation, impacts on water quality and habitats.<br />
The Guidelines set out a framework to ensure full consideration <strong>of</strong> flooding and flood risk in<br />
development and local area plans and development management. The purpose <strong>of</strong> the Guidelines is to<br />
ensure that either risks are not created in the first instance, or alternatively that existing risks to<br />
existing property and people are not exacerbated.<br />
Further detail is set out in Appendix 5.1 The Planning System and Flood Risk Management –<br />
Guidelines for Planning Authorities 2009 (Extract), which provides an overview <strong>of</strong> the content <strong>of</strong><br />
the Guidelines, however in short, the Guidelines categorise land into three categories based on flood<br />
risk probability and group development into three types based on vulnerability to flooding.<br />
The proposed development in this instance is a drainage scheme and much <strong>of</strong> the content <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Guidelines relates to the policy and regulatory framework <strong>of</strong> other development types in flood risk<br />
areas. The Guidelines do have relevance in this case in that any works should not exacerbate existing<br />
risks and the implementation <strong>of</strong> the proposed drainage scheme will influence the probability <strong>of</strong><br />
flooding in various areas <strong>of</strong> the town, thus altering future flood risk mapping and the types <strong>of</strong><br />
development that may be permitted in particular areas that could not be sanctioned in the current<br />
environment.<br />
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RPS/MCE0703RP0004 5-3 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
5.3.4 National Spatial Strategy 2002-2020<br />
The National Spatial Strategy (NSS) is a twenty year planning framework. It seeks to achieve a better<br />
balance <strong>of</strong> development and population growth between regions, with particular reference to<br />
rebalancing trends that have seen a concentration <strong>of</strong> investment and population in the Greater Dublin<br />
Area and the eastern part <strong>of</strong> Ireland generally. The concentration <strong>of</strong> major economic development<br />
there has meant that the ‘potential <strong>of</strong> other areas is systematically under-realised’, according to the<br />
NSS. The NSS aims to sustain an improved quality <strong>of</strong> life, an improved economic position and a high<br />
quality environment throughout Ireland through closer matching <strong>of</strong> where people live with where they<br />
work. The Strategy seeks to focus development within existing settlements, taking care to use urban<br />
land efficiently and sensitively.<br />
The NSS designates certain settlements as gateways and hubs (Cork City; Mallow and Tralee-<br />
Killarney respectively for the south west) to act as engines <strong>of</strong> growth for the regions in which they are<br />
located. Growth can then be supported by urban structures <strong>of</strong> appropriate scale and strength,<br />
including other large, medium and small towns.<br />
The NSS identified Skibbereen as a medium sized town (1,500-5,000 population), which plays an<br />
important economic and service function along a relatively remote part <strong>of</strong> the south-west coastline.<br />
Critical factors identified to activate the potential <strong>of</strong> towns such as Skibbereen in their important<br />
county roles include initiatives to release capacity in terms <strong>of</strong> land and services for sustainable<br />
growth. The town <strong>of</strong> Skibbereen is also identified as an urban strengthening opportunity; such towns<br />
are located on important economic and transport corridors or in important locations, have capacity to<br />
grow, and are to become a focus for the local authority settlement policies. The surrounding rural<br />
area <strong>of</strong> the town is considered as ‘diversifying, with emerging management issues’.<br />
5.3.5 Our Sustainable Future: A Framework for Sustainable Development for Ireland 2012<br />
This Framework, launched in June 2012 is Ireland’s main contribution to the Rio +20 Conference held<br />
earlier this year, and sets out a range <strong>of</strong> environmental, economic and social measures to implement<br />
the green economy and sustainable development agendas nationally. The Framework seeks to<br />
improve decision making, based on a move towards a greater evidence base that accounts for issues<br />
including susceptibility <strong>of</strong> lands to flooding. The Framework seeks to implement The Planning System<br />
and Flood Risk Management: Guidelines for Planning Authorities (2009) as part <strong>of</strong> its package <strong>of</strong> 70<br />
measures to improve the quality <strong>of</strong> life for current and future generations.<br />
5.3.6 National Climate Change Strategy 2007-2012<br />
The National Climate Change Strategy 2007-2012, follows on from the first national strategy<br />
(published in 2000, reviewed in 2002), and takes account <strong>of</strong> the public consultation process that<br />
followed further review in Ireland’s Pathway to Kyoto Compliance (2006). The Strategy seeks to<br />
indicate how Ireland intends to meet its 2008-2012 commitments, to show how these measures<br />
position the country for the post-2012 period and identify areas where further measures are being<br />
researched and developed to enable Ireland to meet 2020 commitments. The principal measures<br />
contained within the Strategy include adaptation measures, including the development <strong>of</strong> a flood risk<br />
strategy. The Strategy supports the implementation <strong>of</strong> the recommendations <strong>of</strong> the Flood Policy<br />
Review Group and notes the increase in the exchange <strong>of</strong> information on flood research projects<br />
through the British-Irish Council.<br />
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RPS/MCE0703RP0004 5-4 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
5.3.7 National Development Plan 2007-2013<br />
The current National Development Plan (NDP) seeks to guide the development <strong>of</strong> the country in the<br />
period 2007-2013. Strong urban centres are directly relevant to regional growth and development,<br />
affecting employment, incomes and quality <strong>of</strong> life throughout the regions.<br />
The NDP involves the investment <strong>of</strong> €52 billion from 2002 to 2006 and a predicted €184 billion<br />
between 2007 and 2013 in economic and social infrastructure, enterprise, science, agriculture<br />
sectors, education, training and environmental services.<br />
Chapter 10 <strong>of</strong> the NDP covers Social Infrastructure Priority: Flood Risk Management which aims to<br />
inject investment to provide flood relief, prevent the creation <strong>of</strong> new problem areas and maintain<br />
existing defences. This will be achieved through structural works (such as flood relief walls and<br />
embankments as proposed for Skibbereen) connected with the construction <strong>of</strong> Flood Relief Schemes<br />
in a number <strong>of</strong> locations at risk <strong>of</strong> flooding. The Schemes are to be implemented in an<br />
environmentally friendly fashion as far as possible, taking into account the principles <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Government’s National Biodiversity Plan. A programme <strong>of</strong> non-structural measures is also funded,<br />
including the Flood Hazard Mapping Programme.<br />
5.3.8 South Western Regional Planning Guidelines 2010-2022<br />
The Regional Planning Guidelines for the South West Region (hereafter referred to as the RPGs),<br />
provide a framework for the development <strong>of</strong> the South West Region over twenty years and seek to<br />
implement the NSS at regional and local level.<br />
The RPGs promote sustainable economic growth in the context <strong>of</strong> environmental protection and<br />
enhancement, noting that the conservation <strong>of</strong> freshwater and marine habitats are key issues. The<br />
guidelines acknowledge the quality <strong>of</strong> life in the southwest, which benefits citizens’ well-being and<br />
attracts population and investment. The RPGS seek to reduce the impact <strong>of</strong> climate change on the<br />
region by 2022.<br />
Skibbereen is located in the Western sub-area <strong>of</strong> the south west. The Western Area is characterized<br />
by rural areas <strong>of</strong> distinctive natural beauty, attractive towns and villages, a strong tourist base,<br />
potential for rural diversification, a location peripheral to hubs, gateways and the Atlantic Corridor and<br />
a more limited potential for employment opportunities than other planning areas. Improvements to<br />
infrastructure are considered necessary to reduce the impacts <strong>of</strong> peripherality. Access to recreational<br />
facilities is considered one <strong>of</strong> the key advantages to locating in settlements in the Western Area.<br />
Towns in the Western Area are noted as having market, service, tourism and enterprise functions.<br />
The importance <strong>of</strong> agriculture to the regional economy <strong>of</strong> the south west is noted and protecting the<br />
quality <strong>of</strong> the productive environment is an objective <strong>of</strong> the RPGs. Facilities to attract anglers are<br />
among the opportunities for further tourism development in the south west.<br />
Section 6.5 <strong>of</strong> the RPGs covers Flood Risk Management. <strong>Impact</strong>s <strong>of</strong> flooding on human activities are<br />
acknowledged and the RPGs refer to the likely increase in risk <strong>of</strong> flooding at both coastal and inland<br />
locations due to climate change. The need for policy and actions to be developed to reduce flood risk<br />
is highlighted, as is the need for local and regional authorities to co-operate on this matter as flood<br />
and water movement can cross functional area boundaries.<br />
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RPS/MCE0703RP0004 5-5 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
The RPGs note the requirement for local authorities to implement the Flood Risk Management<br />
Guidelines <strong>of</strong> 2009 and a Flood Risk Appraisal was carried out for the RPGs in line with policy<br />
guidance contained therein. Regional Policy <strong>of</strong> note is set out in REAS-05: Flood Risk Management<br />
and states:-<br />
Consideration must be given to future appropriate land use policies in accordance with the<br />
requirements <strong>of</strong> the DEHLG Planning Guidelines The Planning System and Flood Risk<br />
Management. Strategic and local flood risk assessments and plans should be prepared where<br />
appropriate.<br />
It is an objective <strong>of</strong> the Regional Planning Guidelines to promote the completion by the local<br />
authorities in the region <strong>of</strong> CFRAM Studies covering the South West by 2016, including a<br />
review <strong>of</strong> long term flood risk management options.<br />
It is an objective <strong>of</strong> the Regional Planning Guidelines to ensure that significant developments in<br />
upland areas, such as wind farm developments, roadway construction, peatland drainage and<br />
forestry proposals, provide sufficient storm water attenuation so as to avoid the occurrence <strong>of</strong><br />
river erosion or flooding downstream.<br />
This proposal meets the requirements <strong>of</strong> the RPGs.<br />
5.3.9 South Western River Basin District Plan 2009-2015<br />
This plan covers the period 2009–2015 and has been prepared in consultation with all stakeholders. It<br />
sets out the measures to be taken by all stakeholders and the tools to prioritise the application <strong>of</strong><br />
available resources to those measures, with the aim <strong>of</strong> achieving the objectives <strong>of</strong> the Water<br />
Framework Directive.<br />
This Plan notes that:-<br />
According to the <strong>Environmental</strong> Protection Agency 2009 report on urban waste water<br />
discharges, Skibbereen is among the 28 agglomerations nationally requiring secondary<br />
treatment that did not have the required level <strong>of</strong> treatment in place and were non-compliant with<br />
the requirements <strong>of</strong> the Urban Waste Water Treatment Regulations.<br />
Section 4.2.3 <strong>of</strong> the Plan (New modifications or sustainable development) notes:-<br />
Alternative objectives can also be set in cases where certain developments may cause a failure<br />
to achieve good status or to maintain high status. This is subject to the developments being <strong>of</strong><br />
overriding public interest and/or there being overriding benefits to human health and safety.<br />
Alternative options for delivering these benefits must be considered and all practicable steps<br />
must be taken to mitigate adverse impact on the water body as required by Regulation 33 <strong>of</strong><br />
the European Communities <strong>Environmental</strong> Objectives (Surface Waters) Regulations, S.I. No.<br />
272 <strong>of</strong> 2009.<br />
The absence from the plan <strong>of</strong> such developments does not preclude them from progressing,<br />
but they must be reported to the EC during subsequent plan updates. Examples <strong>of</strong> such<br />
developments may include the implementation <strong>of</strong> measures such as flood relief schemes.<br />
Section 6.1.1 <strong>of</strong> the Plan (Land Use Planning) notes:-<br />
Any potential impacts from future development on waters can be mitigated by properly<br />
incorporating the objectives established in this plan into development plans to ensure<br />
sustainable development.<br />
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<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
The proposed Drainage Scheme EIS and Design has been prepared in accordance with the<br />
SWRBMPs (See Chapter 7 Aquatic Flora and Fauna).<br />
5.3.10 North and West Cork Strategic Plan 2002-2020<br />
The North and West Cork Strategic Plan (N&WCSP) sets out a strategic framework for development<br />
for those parts <strong>of</strong> Cork County outside <strong>of</strong> the Cork Area Strategic Plan area. The N&WCSP aims for<br />
additional growth in towns such as Skibbereen, to try to rebalance the area’s population structure and<br />
provide a critical mass <strong>of</strong> population for the development <strong>of</strong> employment, services and other facilities<br />
to allow the town become self-sustaining and help support the wider area.<br />
In terms <strong>of</strong> water resource management the N&WCSP discusses the aquatic habitat and the river<br />
environment in a broad sense, noting the influence <strong>of</strong> flood plains and surrounding land use practices<br />
on this environment. Developments listed as causing changes to the ecology and hydrological<br />
patterns <strong>of</strong> rivers include flood relief and drainage works. The N&WCSP notes that impacts resulting<br />
from such developments can involve destruction <strong>of</strong> in stream habitats, interference and removal <strong>of</strong><br />
fish spawning and nursery grounds, the decrease in flow or increased rapidity and scouring, with<br />
consequences for quality and amenity can occur. Chapter 7 Aquatic Flora and Fauna <strong>of</strong> this EIS<br />
addresses any potential impacts to water quality, habitats and fisheries from the proposed drainage<br />
scheme.<br />
The N&WCSP also acknowledges a shift from viewing rivers as an effluent outlet and flood nuisance<br />
cause to seeing rivers as an opportunity for amenity. Such increased access to rivers is considered a<br />
worthwhile goal, as awareness <strong>of</strong> water quality objectives tends to increase. River Corridor<br />
Management Plans for urban areas such as Skibbereen are promoted by the N&WCSP to improve<br />
habitats and provide attractive linear amenity facilities.<br />
5.3.11 Cork County Development Plan 2009-2015<br />
The current Cork County Development Plan (CDP) came into operation during February 2009 and<br />
provides a six-year planning framework for the county.<br />
For planning purposes, the County is divided into four planning areas; Skibbereen is located in the<br />
West Strategic Planning Area. The West Strategic Planning Area has been associated with declining<br />
socio-economic indicators, according to the CDP, but this is <strong>of</strong>fset by its attractive towns and scenery.<br />
The main opportunity identified by the CDP to strengthen the permanent population structure <strong>of</strong> the<br />
area is through strengthening the economic and employment base <strong>of</strong> the towns and larger villages<br />
and by developing the tourism and leisure economy.<br />
The policy and objectives <strong>of</strong> this plan for the West Strategic Planning Area include:-<br />
c. To establish an appropriate balance in the spatial distribution <strong>of</strong> future population growth so<br />
that Bantry, Castletownbere, Dunmanway and Skibbereen, can accelerate their rate <strong>of</strong> growth,<br />
broadly in line with the North and West Cork Strategic Plan, and achieve a critical mass <strong>of</strong><br />
population to enable them to maximise their potential to attract new investment in employment,<br />
services and public transport.<br />
As a main town, Objective SET1-1 promotes the sustainable development <strong>of</strong> Skibbereen to achieve a<br />
target population and enhance its capacity to attract new investment for the benefit <strong>of</strong> its population<br />
and rural hinterland. Furthermore, Objective SET3-20, which refers specifically to the settlement <strong>of</strong><br />
Skibbereen reinforces this objective, and designates Skibbereen as an important centre for<br />
population, employment, services and tourism, serving a wider rural area including the islands.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 5-7 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
The town is designated as a District Employment Centre in the CDP. Such centres will serve the<br />
employment needs <strong>of</strong> urban areas as well as large rural hinterlands. Land will need to be provided<br />
within Skibbereen to accommodate employment activities. Land use zoning is discussed in more<br />
detail in the Local Area Plan (see Section 5.4 below). Future development is to be sympathetic to the<br />
architectural and historic character <strong>of</strong> the town.<br />
As regards flood risk management, the overall strategy for the County, through Objective STA1-1(c)<br />
places flood risk management to the forefront <strong>of</strong> the development plan:-<br />
It is an objective <strong>of</strong> this plan to ensure that growth and development <strong>of</strong> the county is managed<br />
in a manner that does not expose the population to increased risk from natural hazards such as<br />
flooding.<br />
Section 6.5.22 <strong>of</strong> the CDP, in discussing surface water drainage management identifies a Major Flood<br />
Relief Scheme as a key infrastructural need.<br />
Policies on flooding are set out in Sections 6.5.23 to 6.5.26 <strong>of</strong> the CDP. The Council seeks to avoid<br />
or minimise the threat <strong>of</strong> flooding in new developments, to minimise the impact <strong>of</strong> structures and<br />
earthworks on flood plains and river flow, and to reduce, ins<strong>of</strong>ar as possible, the rate and quantity <strong>of</strong><br />
surface water run-<strong>of</strong>f from all new developments.<br />
Development that is sensitive to the effects <strong>of</strong> flooding, unless such development has been justified<br />
as essential in terms <strong>of</strong> sustainable and proper planning will be discouraged from locating in areas at<br />
risk <strong>of</strong> flooding. Any such development that is justified is to incorporate measures to reduce and<br />
manage flooding risks to the development itself and elsewhere through an appropriate flood risk<br />
assessment.<br />
Any embankments in or across flood plains or river channels are discouraged in case <strong>of</strong> restriction or<br />
obstruction <strong>of</strong> flow and increased risk <strong>of</strong> flooding to property and land upstream. Where such<br />
structures are necessary, in exceptional cases, they should be designed to minimise and/or<br />
compensate for any potential negative effects, according to Section 6.5.25. (It should be noted that in<br />
this instance, embankments proposed are specifically designed for flood relief purposes, with due<br />
cognisance <strong>of</strong> any potential upstream impacts).<br />
Appropriately designed developments that are less sensitive to the effects <strong>of</strong> flooding may be<br />
permissible in flood plains, provided they do not significantly reduce the flood plain area or otherwise<br />
restrict flow across the floodplain, e.g. parks, sports pitches and car park. Adequate drainage<br />
systems should be provided in these developments to deal with flood risk and minimise the rate and<br />
quantity <strong>of</strong> run<strong>of</strong>f through the use <strong>of</strong> semi permeable materials for example.<br />
Objectives INF 5-9 requires sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS) in all new large-scale<br />
developments and Objective 5-10 is to provide support for funding and to improve and extend surface<br />
water infrastructure to accommodate planned levels <strong>of</strong> growth.<br />
Objective INF5-12 on Prevention <strong>of</strong> Flooding states the following:-<br />
It is a general objective to manage surface water catchments and the use and development <strong>of</strong><br />
lands adjoining streams, watercourses and rivers in such a ways as to minimise damage to<br />
property by instances <strong>of</strong> flooding and with regard to any conservation objectives <strong>of</strong> European<br />
sites within the relevant catchments and floodplains.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 5-8 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
An Appropriate Assessment Screening Report was undertaken to ensure avoidance <strong>of</strong> impacts to<br />
Natura 2000 sites (refer to Appendix 7.2 AA Screening Report).<br />
Objective INF5-13 deals with Drainage and Flooding:-<br />
(a)<br />
(b)<br />
It is a general objective to implement the policies and guidelines <strong>of</strong> the Department <strong>of</strong><br />
Environment, Heritage and Local Government and <strong>of</strong> the Office <strong>of</strong> Public Works in relation to<br />
flood plains and areas sensitive to flooding.<br />
It is an objective <strong>of</strong> this Plan to strongly discourage development, which is sensitive to the<br />
effects <strong>of</strong> flooding, unless justified as essential in terms <strong>of</strong> sustainable and proper planning,<br />
and, if so justified, incorporates measures to reduce and manage flooding risks to the<br />
development itself and elsewhere to the satisfaction <strong>of</strong> the planning authority, as developed<br />
through an appropriate flood risk assessment. Developments that are less sensitive to the<br />
effects <strong>of</strong> flooding, such as playing pitches, parks and car parks, may be permissible in flood<br />
plains, provided they do not significantly reduce the flood plain area or otherwise restrict flow<br />
across floodplains.<br />
In January 2013, Cork County Council commenced a review <strong>of</strong> the current County Development Plan.<br />
An Issues Paper: ‘Planning for Cork County’s Future’ has been published. This paper includes<br />
Climate Change Adaption among its key principles and notes the need to adapt to effects such as<br />
flooding. A Green Infrastructure Strategy is proposed, which for example, would protect river<br />
corridors from inappropriate development to assist in preventing flood risk. A County wide Strategic<br />
Flood Risk Assessment <strong>of</strong> the policies and objectives carried out in the forthcoming development plan<br />
will be carried out.<br />
The Issues Paper, in discussing retail and town centre development, advises vacancy is becoming<br />
more pronounced in some towns; Skibbereen has the highest overall general vacant gross floorspace<br />
<strong>of</strong> all towns surveyed. Future retail development will be encouraged to locate in existing vacant<br />
floorspace in the town centre. In this context the proposed drainage scheme is critical to reduce the<br />
impacts <strong>of</strong> flood risk on the use <strong>of</strong> such space.<br />
The Drainage Scheme as proposed meets Cork County Council requirements as set out in their<br />
statutory development plan.<br />
5.4 STATUTORY PLANNING CONTEXT<br />
The proposed development is located in the town <strong>of</strong> Skibbereen and its environs. Skibbereen Town<br />
is in the functional control <strong>of</strong> Skibbereen Town Council and guided by the principles <strong>of</strong> the Skibbereen<br />
Town Development Plan, 2009. The Skibbereen Environs and hinterland (Skibbereen Rural and<br />
Woodfort EDs) is within the functional control <strong>of</strong> Cork County Council and is guided by the principles<br />
<strong>of</strong> the Skibbereen Electoral Area Local Area Plan 2011.<br />
5.4.1 Skibbereen Town Development Plan 2009-2015<br />
The Skibbereen Town Development Plan 2009-2015 sets out proposals to guide the physical land<br />
use development <strong>of</strong> the town over a six year period.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 5-9 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
5.4.1.1 General Content<br />
In discussing physical development issues, the plan provides a detailed description <strong>of</strong> land uses<br />
within the town, identifying areas <strong>of</strong> retail, mixed use commercial, industrial and residential uses.<br />
Undeveloped land banks are also identified.<br />
In terms <strong>of</strong> townscape the 19 th century layout is cited as providing a distinct urban structure, the<br />
importance <strong>of</strong> the river and quays being obvious; however it is noted that the town moved away from<br />
the river in a southern direction along Market Street and Townshend Street in later times. The<br />
townscape is now reversing these trends and is beginning to recognise the role <strong>of</strong> the River Ilen; the<br />
river is acknowledged as having a strong part to play in the town’s enduring character. The natural<br />
floodplain must be recognised along with the river corridor and this flood plain and areas subject to<br />
flooding are identified in the plan.<br />
The town’s role as an administrative, employment, commercial, health, recreational and educational<br />
centre for a wide hinterland is acknowledged. The town also seeks to enhance its tourism function.<br />
Additional employment in the town is needed to retain and attract population; the plan considers that<br />
the town needs to reinvent itself and grow in confidence to attract investment and population.<br />
Fundamentally, to achieve objectives for the development <strong>of</strong> the town, Skibbereen must be a<br />
desirable place to live.<br />
An Architectural Conservation Area covers the entire town centre and 163 no. listed buildings are<br />
located within Skibbereen. The town is partially included within a Zone <strong>of</strong> Archaeological Potential.<br />
There are five Historic Quays in Skibbereen. Chapter 12 Cultural Heritage <strong>of</strong> this EIS addresses<br />
potential impacts to Cultural Heritage from the proposed walls and embankments.<br />
The River Ilen is listed as a strength and opportunity for the town but its flooding potential is<br />
considered a threat. A high level <strong>of</strong> vacant units in the town centre is noted among its weaknesses.<br />
This is discussed in detail in the plan as it affects investor confidence and if unchecked can adversely<br />
impact on town centre vibrancy and health; an overall assessment indicates acute problems in the<br />
town centre.<br />
The N71 is identified as a strategic route running through Skibbereen. A car park for 200 cars is<br />
proposed for the Marsh, linked by existing pedestrian bridge to Levis’ Quay.<br />
5.4.1.2 Town Centre Proposals<br />
Plans for the town centre, urban renewal and regeneration are set out in part 3 <strong>of</strong> the plan. Four<br />
quarters are identified, including a riverfront quarter and five opportunity sites are identified and<br />
prioritised for development (Policy TC1-1 applies and Policy TC1-2 considers their development in the<br />
context <strong>of</strong> flood risk management requirements). The opportunity sites are as follows:-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Opportunity Site 1: Fair Field, considered suitable for town centre development;<br />
Opportunity Site 2: Yard to rear <strong>of</strong> North Street, considered suitable for town centre<br />
development;<br />
Opportunity Site 3: West Backlands, considered suitable for mixed town centre uses plus river<br />
walkway;<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 5-10 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
<br />
<br />
Opportunity Site 4: Secondary Schools, considered suitable for educational or community<br />
purposes unless not needed for same; and<br />
Opportunity Site 5: Marsh Lands, considered suitable for public car park, Bus Eireann/tour bus<br />
stop/facility and open space uses.<br />
5.4.1.3 Open Spaces and Amenity Walks<br />
An Open Space Strategy has been provided for the town; much <strong>of</strong> the town’s open space provision is<br />
to the north <strong>of</strong> the town and much <strong>of</strong> that area is currently prone to flooding. Amenity walks are<br />
proposed, which are generally clustered around the river and its banks. The provision <strong>of</strong> one such<br />
walk along the southern bank <strong>of</strong> the Ilen is an objective <strong>of</strong> the plan. Policy ENV5 requires all future<br />
development on the southern bank <strong>of</strong> the Ilen to make provision for a 3 metre wide walkway along the<br />
waterfront. A high quality combined cycleway and walkway are also planned for the northern bank<br />
between the upstream bridge and the John F. Kennedy Bridge and beyond to link with the area <strong>of</strong><br />
open space between the River Ilen and the Schull road (Objective ENV 8).<br />
5.4.1.4 Flooding<br />
One <strong>of</strong> the aims <strong>of</strong> the plan (set out in Section 14.1) is to protect existing and future population<br />
from possible future flooding events as far as possible.<br />
The Plan states that no detailed flood risk assessment/analysis had been undertaken as part <strong>of</strong> the<br />
plan preparation process and thus the development strategy set out adopts a precautionary approach<br />
in accordance with the flooding guidelines. The plan advises that no development other than<br />
sports/recreation uses will be permitted on land identified as a flood plain. Objective WU9 <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Skibbereen Town Plan states as follows:-<br />
‘Adopt a precautionary flood risk management approach including the continued<br />
implementation <strong>of</strong> flood remedial works and avoidance <strong>of</strong> flood risk areas for new<br />
developments.’<br />
Surface water management policies are outlined in Policies WU3-1 and WU3-2, however the main<br />
policies <strong>of</strong> the Town Council pertinent to flooding area are set out in Policy WU4. These are informed<br />
by national guidelines and the text is provided in Appendix 5A <strong>of</strong> the Plan.<br />
The Plan illustrates a defined flood risk area in Map 2 as outlined in Figure 5.1 <strong>of</strong> this Report. This<br />
flood zone is derived from historical OPW Flood hazard mapping and is also inherited from the<br />
Skibbereen Town Development Plan 2004. It does not cover the extent <strong>of</strong> areas inundated during the<br />
November 2009 flood event. The extent <strong>of</strong> the 2009 flood area is covered by RPS flood mapping<br />
which is based on more up-to-date information (See Figure 1.1 APSR)<br />
5.4.1.5 Zoning<br />
On examining the areas proposed to benefit from the proposed flood defences (shown in yellow on<br />
Figure 2.1 Overview <strong>of</strong> the proposed flood Relief Scheme), these areas apply broadly to three<br />
separate areas <strong>of</strong> the town, i.e. northeastern, northwestern and southern blocks <strong>of</strong> land. Zoning is as<br />
follows:-<br />
Northeastern block – residential, open space/sports/recreation/amenity, commercial,<br />
educational/institutional/civic, mixed use and amenity walk;<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 5-11 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Northwestern block – commercial, residential, neighbourhood centre, open<br />
space/sports/recreation/amenity, landmark sites/nodal gateway; and<br />
<br />
Southern block – town centre, commercial, mixed use, residential, agriculture and indicative<br />
route <strong>of</strong> future distributor road.<br />
The current zoning maps for Skibbereen Town and environs are provided in Figures 5.2 and 5.3.<br />
Most <strong>of</strong> the proposed flood relief works will be located within the development boundary <strong>of</strong> the town<br />
and therefore are on or adjacent lands zoned under this plan.<br />
5.4.2 Skibbereen Urban Study 2002<br />
The Town Plan refers to the Skibbereen Urban Study 2002, which focuses on physical development<br />
options for an area defined by derelict riverfront lands to the south, the Marsh area and lands just<br />
north <strong>of</strong> the relief road. The study examined the development potential <strong>of</strong> these lands in the context<br />
<strong>of</strong> the flood risk posed by the River Ilen.<br />
The Marsh area was deemed unsuitable for commercial development given restrictions that included<br />
necessary flood relief measures in the form <strong>of</strong> a relief channel 1 . It was recommended that the land be<br />
used for car parking 2 and amenity purposes. Land to the north <strong>of</strong> the relief road was noted as prone<br />
to flooding and part <strong>of</strong> this area was recommended to be used for amenity purposes; the remainder <strong>of</strong><br />
those lands were identified for industrial use.<br />
Pedestrian linkages were central to the recommendations <strong>of</strong> the study to ensure that the riverfront<br />
area became a focal point <strong>of</strong> the town; a pedestrian bridge has been provided at Levis’ Quay to link<br />
the Marsh land with the town centre. A boardwalk along the southern bank <strong>of</strong> the river 3 and additional<br />
pedestrian bridges were proposed linking the riverfront sites to the marsh lands. Development at the<br />
Marsh and at some <strong>of</strong> the key riverfront sites had commenced at the time <strong>of</strong> writing <strong>of</strong> the 2009 Town<br />
Plan. The West Backlands and part <strong>of</strong> the East Backlands (See 5.4.1.2 above) opportunity sites<br />
follow through from key development opportunities identified during the study.<br />
5.4.3 Skibbereen Electoral Area Local Area Plan 2011<br />
5.4.1.6 General Content<br />
The Skibbereen Electoral Area Local Area Plan, 2011, (SEALAP), was adopted in July 2011. The<br />
SEALAP focuses on implementation <strong>of</strong> the development strategy for County Cork at a local level. At<br />
the outset it must be noted that significant changes to plans <strong>of</strong> this level since the previous plan<br />
period include the ‘assessment and management <strong>of</strong> flood risks in relation to future development and<br />
the inclusion <strong>of</strong> ‘Indicative Flood Extent Maps’ for the settlements <strong>of</strong> this electoral area’. This is due<br />
1<br />
This relief channel was not implemented and is not part <strong>of</strong> the current flood relief scheme proposal.<br />
2<br />
Part 8 Planning Permission is now in place for the proposed car park and the proposed scheme modelling has taken account<br />
<strong>of</strong> this future use.<br />
3<br />
Boardwalks have been provided in a limited area near Levis’ Quay.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 5-12 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
to the increase in concerns over the incidence and effects <strong>of</strong> flooding. The SEALAP implements the<br />
principles <strong>of</strong> the Guidelines for Planning Authorities ‘The Planning System and Flood Risk<br />
Management, November 2009’. Further details on the flood risk mapping provided for this plan are<br />
set out in Appendix 5.1 The Planning System and Flood Risk Management – Guidelines for<br />
Planning Authorities 2009 (Extract). Objectives <strong>of</strong> the plan relating to Flood Risk and this proposed<br />
drainage scheme are in line with national policy and are also set out in Appendix 5.1 The Planning<br />
System and Flood Risk Management – Guidelines for Planning Authorities 2009 (Extract).<br />
Skibbereen is one <strong>of</strong> three main settlements within this electoral area. Section 1.5.12 identifies the<br />
main towns as the most significant material asset <strong>of</strong> the areas:-<br />
They represent the product <strong>of</strong> many decades <strong>of</strong> investment in buildings…, health facilities,<br />
schools, social and community facilities and wealth <strong>of</strong> supporting infrastructure. Across the<br />
County as a whole, the 2006 census recorded that over 25% <strong>of</strong> the population lived in the main<br />
towns. In addition, many people who live in villages, smaller settlements or rural areas rely on<br />
the main towns for at least one important aspect <strong>of</strong> their daily lives (e.g. work, shopping,<br />
education etc).<br />
The SEALAP seeks to make the best use <strong>of</strong> investments in the built fabric and infrastructure in the<br />
main towns, establish these as the main location for future investment and prioritise investment in<br />
infrastructure to support the development <strong>of</strong> land identified for the future needs <strong>of</strong> the towns.<br />
According to this plan, the strategic aims for Skibbereen are ‘for continued growth and development<br />
with Skibbereen acting as the primary urban centre for a large rural hinterland with key employment,<br />
educational, service and tourism functions. Set in the heart <strong>of</strong> West Cork, Skibbereen as a county<br />
town and growth/development centre performs an important employment, service and social function<br />
for an extensive rural hinterland’.<br />
Skibbereen is described as an attractive town in terms <strong>of</strong> landscape and townscape. Future<br />
development must be sympathetic to the architectural and historic character <strong>of</strong> the town, according to<br />
the SEALAP.<br />
5.4.2.2 Flooding<br />
A detailed discussion on flooding is included in the SEALAP; parts <strong>of</strong> the town are identified as being<br />
at risk <strong>of</strong> flooding and these follow the path <strong>of</strong> the River Ilen through the town. Amendments to zoning<br />
have been made based on the potential flood risk to these lands. The floodplain <strong>of</strong> the River Ilen is<br />
noted as lying to the north <strong>of</strong> the town; this is identified in the Skibbereen Town Development Plan<br />
2009-2015 (see Section 5.4.1 <strong>of</strong> this EIS). Areas <strong>of</strong> land subject to flooding historically are also<br />
identified therein.<br />
The SEALAP refers to river alignment works that have reduced flooding frequency and note further<br />
alleviation measures contained in the Skibbereen Urban Study 2002, which also contains specific<br />
proposals to <strong>of</strong>fset any increase in flood water level caused by the potential development <strong>of</strong> the Marsh<br />
area for community and recreation purposes. Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems will be required<br />
for developments within the area.<br />
5.4.2.3 Zoning<br />
The land use zoning map for Skibbereen Environs is illustrated in Figure 5.3. Based on the Indicative<br />
Flood Extent Maps, significant areas <strong>of</strong> Skibbereen Town are located within Flood Zone A, and within<br />
Flood Zone B to a lesser extent. Much <strong>of</strong> this land will benefit from the proposed drainage scheme.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 5-13 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Lands within the Environs <strong>of</strong> Skibbereen, as covered by the SEALAP, which are zoned for<br />
development in/adjacent to current flood risk areas include most <strong>of</strong> the area <strong>of</strong> land zoned for industry<br />
I-02 at the north <strong>of</strong> the town. Residential area R-02 abuts an area susceptible to flooding; however<br />
an area previously zoned for residential development south <strong>of</strong> this has been dezoned based on<br />
indicative flood extent maps. Open space area O-01 is predominantly located in an area <strong>of</strong> flood risk.<br />
A small area <strong>of</strong> land block I-01 at the northeast <strong>of</strong> the town, zoned for industry, is located within a<br />
Zone A flood susceptible area and a small part <strong>of</strong> R-04, zoning for residential development at the<br />
south east corner <strong>of</strong> the town is located within a Zone B area. Relevant zoning objectives within the<br />
SEALAP 2011 are set out in Figure 5.3.<br />
Development Boundary Objective DB-04 requires all proposals for development within areas<br />
identified as being at risk <strong>of</strong> flooding to comply with Objectives FD 1-1- to 1-6 (see above and<br />
Appendix 4A <strong>of</strong> the Plan) and with the provisions <strong>of</strong> the Ministerial Guidelines ‘The Planning System<br />
and Flood Risk Management’. Where specific parcels <strong>of</strong> zoned lands are included within areas<br />
susceptible to flooding, the zoning objective also specifically provides that any proposal for<br />
development on these sites is accompanied by a flood risk assessment that complies with Chapter 5<br />
<strong>of</strong> the Guidelines.<br />
In terms <strong>of</strong> proposed flood relief infrastructure, much <strong>of</strong> this development is to take place on, adjacent<br />
or near lands zoned for development within the SEALAP.<br />
A green belt for Skibbereen Town has been identified in the Plan, where development will be<br />
restricted and lands will be reserved primarily for agriculture, open space and recreation uses.<br />
5.4.2.4 Other<br />
The existence <strong>of</strong> the Lough Hyne Nature Reserve cSAC and pNHA c5km from the town is noted as<br />
are scenic routes S82, S90 (N71 Skibbereen to Leap and Skibbereen to Ballydehob) and S88 (R595<br />
Skibbereen to Baltimore). The SEALAP refers to the Draft Landscape Strategy 2007, which<br />
designates landscape in the area as <strong>of</strong> low value, medium sensitivity and <strong>of</strong> local level landscape<br />
importance. Chapter 9 Landscape and Visual <strong>Impact</strong> Assessment discusses visual impact from<br />
the proposed drainage scheme. The existence <strong>of</strong> archaeological monuments in the environs area<br />
which require protection is also noted and is discussed in Chapter 12 Cultural Heritage <strong>of</strong> this EIS.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 5-14 Rev. F01
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Cork<br />
County<br />
Council<br />
Project<br />
River Ilen (Skibbereen)<br />
Drainage Scheme<br />
Title<br />
Skibbereen Town Development<br />
Plan 2009 - 2015<br />
Constraints Map<br />
Figure 5.1<br />
Issue Details<br />
Drawn by:<br />
Innishmore,<br />
Ballincollig,<br />
Co Cork,<br />
Ireland<br />
T<br />
F<br />
E<br />
W<br />
+353 21 4665900<br />
+353 21 4873742<br />
ireland@rpsgroup.com<br />
rpsgroup.com/ireland<br />
T Hurley Project No. MCE0703<br />
Checked by: A Fitzgerald<br />
Approved by: B Brice<br />
File Ref.<br />
MCE0703Mi00023F01<br />
Scale:<br />
N.T.S.<br />
Date: April 2013<br />
Drawing No.<br />
Mi0023<br />
Rev.<br />
F01<br />
Notes<br />
1. This drawing is the property <strong>of</strong> RPS Group Ltd. It is a<br />
confidential document and must not be copied, used,<br />
or its contents divulged without prior written consent.<br />
2. All levels are referred to Ordnance Datum, Malin Head.<br />
3. Ordnance Survey Ireland Licence EN 0005013<br />
©Copyright Government <strong>of</strong> Ireland.
0 50 100<br />
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Kilometers<br />
Client<br />
Cork<br />
County<br />
Council<br />
GORTNAa..<br />
Project<br />
Title<br />
Figure<br />
Issue Details<br />
Drawn by:<br />
River Ilen (Skibbereen)<br />
Drainage Scheme<br />
Skibbereen Town<br />
Development Plan<br />
2009 - 2015<br />
5.2<br />
Innishmore,<br />
Ballincollig,<br />
Co Cork,<br />
Ireland<br />
T<br />
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E<br />
W<br />
+353 21 4665900<br />
+353 21 4873742<br />
ireland@rpsgroup.com<br />
rpsgroup.com/ireland<br />
T Hurley Project No. MCE0703<br />
Checked by: A Fitzgerald<br />
Approved by: B Brice<br />
File Ref.<br />
MCE0703Mi00022F01<br />
Scale:<br />
N.T.S.<br />
Date: April 2013<br />
Drawing No.<br />
Mi0022<br />
Rev.<br />
F01<br />
Ordnance<br />
Survey<br />
''''''''''<br />
Notes<br />
1. This drawing is the property <strong>of</strong> RPS Group Ltd. It is a<br />
confidential document and must not be copied, used,<br />
or its contents divulged without prior written consent.<br />
2. All levels are referred to Ordnance Datum, Malin Head.<br />
3. Ordnance Survey Ireland Licence EN 0005013<br />
©Copyright Government <strong>of</strong> Ireland.
0 50 100<br />
<br />
Kilometers<br />
Client<br />
Cork<br />
County<br />
Council<br />
Project<br />
River Ilen (Skibbereen)<br />
Drainage Scheme<br />
Title<br />
Skibbereen Local Area<br />
Plan 2011 - Zoning Map<br />
Figure<br />
5.3<br />
Innishmore,<br />
Ballincollig,<br />
Co Cork,<br />
Ireland<br />
T<br />
F<br />
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W<br />
+353 21 4665900<br />
+353 21 4873742<br />
ireland@rpsgroup.com<br />
rpsgroup.com/ireland<br />
D Settlement Boundary<br />
D Existing Built-up Area<br />
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Open Space I Sports<br />
Recreation I Amenity<br />
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Issue Details<br />
Drawn by:<br />
Checked by:<br />
Approved by: B Brice<br />
Scale:<br />
N.T.S.<br />
A Fitzgerald<br />
Date: April 2013<br />
Notes<br />
T Hurley Project No. MCE0703<br />
File Ref.<br />
MCE0703Mi00021F01<br />
Drawing No.<br />
Mi0021<br />
Rev.<br />
F01<br />
1. This drawing is the property <strong>of</strong> RPS Group Ltd. It is a<br />
confidential document and must not be copied, used,<br />
or its contents divulged without prior written consent.<br />
2. All levels are referred to Ordnance Datum, Malin Head.<br />
3. Ordnance Survey Ireland Licence EN 0005013<br />
©Copyright Government <strong>of</strong> Ireland.
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
5.5 CONCLUSIONS<br />
5.5.1 Strategic Planning Context<br />
The proposed development complies with the strategic planning context as set out above. The<br />
proposed scheme has been developed on a river catchment basis, taking into account the drainage<br />
regime <strong>of</strong> the River Ilen basin and crossing local authority boundaries as the study area is located in<br />
both the Cork County and Skibbereen Town Council functional areas. The overall flood risk<br />
management scheme includes both structural and non-structural aspects in an integrated approach to<br />
flood prevention. This is in line with European Directives and national policy for flood risk<br />
management. The progress <strong>of</strong> the drainage scheme is ahead <strong>of</strong> the target date for the preparation <strong>of</strong><br />
the schemes for the south west region. This scheme is considered a major infrastructural need in<br />
current county level planning policy.<br />
In keeping with national policy guidance, the proposed development seeks to prevent and reduce<br />
flood risk in the River Ilen basin. This will benefit Skibbereen Town, identified as a main town within<br />
county level planning policy and an important service centre for its hinterland, as recognised by<br />
national, regional and local strategic policy. Current planning policy seeks to guide development to<br />
settlements and encourage growth. Reducing flood risk provides a more favourable and certain<br />
environment for residential, commercial and other development necessary to provide accommodation,<br />
employment and services for the town’s residents, the wider rural community and visitors.<br />
Infrastructural improvements such as those proposed protect existing assets and encourage the<br />
provision <strong>of</strong> further facilities, which are important in settlements in peripheral areas like West Cork,<br />
with particular reference to Skibbereen’s designation as an urban strengthening opportunity in the<br />
NSS and a District Employment Centre in the current Cork County Development Plan. The reduction<br />
<strong>of</strong> flood risk in the town centre is considered an essential factor in reducing vacancy rates.<br />
The scheme complies with national and regional policy in that it is subject to <strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong><br />
Assessment (as set out in this EIS) and Appropriate Assessment Screening included in Appendix 7.2<br />
AA Screening Report to take into consideration any potential adverse environmental effects. The<br />
scheme has been designed with due cognisance <strong>of</strong> environmental constraints (as documented in the<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> Constraints Report, RPS 2011) and has been modified where necessary to avoid and<br />
reduce impacts. Mitigation is proposed where necessary throughout this EIS. Assessments carried<br />
out include consideration <strong>of</strong> changes to the river’s hydrological and ecological patterns.<br />
The County Development Plan policy discourages embankments that might restrict or obstruct flow<br />
and increase risk <strong>of</strong> flooding upstream. In this case the proposed embankments and flood walls are<br />
designed to increase the holding capacity <strong>of</strong> the natural flood plain and work with the river’s regime.<br />
There will be displacement <strong>of</strong> floodwaters to upstream areas during flood events as a result <strong>of</strong> the<br />
proposed works. This will be limited to the holding <strong>of</strong> additional floodwaters in existing floodplains.<br />
No highly vulnerable land uses, as defined within the Flood Risk Management Guidelines, are<br />
anticipated to be affected. This matter is discussed further in Chapter 6 Community and Socio-<br />
Economic <strong>Impact</strong> Assessment <strong>of</strong> this EIS.<br />
The scheme also takes account <strong>of</strong> the amenity value <strong>of</strong> the River Ilen.<br />
5.5.2 Statutory Planning Context<br />
5.5.2.1 Overall Context<br />
The proposed scheme will protect and enhance Skibbereen’s role as a population, service and<br />
employment centre and a tourist centre within the wider area.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 5-18 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
The proposed scheme will help improve town centre vitality and vibrancy, which is important to<br />
develop and maintain a strong urban centre and attractive environment. This is important in the<br />
context <strong>of</strong> the relatively high vacancy rates in the town centre, which might otherwise be exacerbated<br />
by persistent and/or serious flood damage. Further discussion on this matter is provided in Chapter 6<br />
Community and Socio-Economic <strong>Impact</strong> Assessment <strong>of</strong> this EIS.<br />
The implementation <strong>of</strong> the scheme will influence future flood risk mapping. Managing flood risk to<br />
protect significant areas <strong>of</strong> the town will allow more flexibility and certainty when formulating future<br />
development plan zoning objectives for these areas, i.e. for premises which are currently located<br />
within Flood Risk Zones A and B, but are to benefit from the proposed scheme. Where site<br />
development would currently be restricted to low vulnerability development classes, or where strong<br />
justification would be needed to allow a development to proceed that would be suitable for the<br />
particular location if flood risk were not a factor, higher vulnerability classes are likely to be<br />
permissible in future.<br />
The scheme takes account <strong>of</strong> the natural flood plain <strong>of</strong> the river and seeks to maximise its capacity for<br />
the containment <strong>of</strong> flood waters. It should be noted that the flood relief measures outlined in the<br />
Skibbereen Urban Study, such as the proposed flood relief channel, will not proceed and will be<br />
superseded by the development proposals outlined in this application for should the scheme be<br />
approved.<br />
The proposed scheme respects the importance <strong>of</strong> the river to the character <strong>of</strong> the town. Proposed<br />
flood defences will be kept to an optimal height to deal with severe flood events, with appropriate<br />
reserves, but will not exceed the necessary heights. This avoids excessive loss <strong>of</strong> river views and<br />
overly dominant structures. In terms <strong>of</strong> historic character and the built environment, Chapter 12<br />
Cultural Heritage discusses the proposed scheme in detail as it relates to the cultural heritage <strong>of</strong> the<br />
town; Chapter 9 Landscape and Visual <strong>Impact</strong> Assessment addresses visual impact. In the<br />
context <strong>of</strong> the public realm, the proposed flood walls will be stone finished in keeping with many <strong>of</strong> the<br />
existing walls in the town centre and on approach roads such as the R593 Drimoleague Road/Mill<br />
Road.<br />
5.5.2.2 <strong>Impact</strong>s on Potential Future Development Sites<br />
Some undeveloped zoned lands will benefit from the provision <strong>of</strong> flood defences. These lands include<br />
a residentially zoned area at the northwest <strong>of</strong> the town, a proposed neighbourhood centre site (also<br />
northwest <strong>of</strong> the town centre), areas zoned for open space and amenity uses and brownfield<br />
development sites located in the area designated for town centre uses (See Figures 5.2 and 5.3).<br />
There will be some landtake required to construct flood defences on undeveloped but zoned lands.<br />
These plots are predominantly zoned for open space; the main objectives and proposals in place for<br />
such lands include amenity walks, which are discussed in detail below, and the proposed car park at<br />
the Marsh, which will be unaffected.<br />
Works to be carried out to the west <strong>of</strong> the Ilen (the northern part <strong>of</strong> ‘Ilen 13’ as per details outlined in<br />
Section 2.4) will result in a small section <strong>of</strong> embankment (150 m <strong>of</strong> the 547 m section <strong>of</strong> embankment<br />
to be provided in this location) being located within plot I-02, which is zoned for industrial uses in the<br />
SEALAP. This area is minimal in the context <strong>of</strong> the size <strong>of</strong> the overall site (15.6 ha) and the structure<br />
itself will not preclude future industrial development at this location. Part <strong>of</strong> the site will be contained<br />
as part <strong>of</strong> the future floodplain by the proposed embankment; however much <strong>of</strong> the site is currently<br />
susceptible to flooding given its location within the existing floodplain and this would be a<br />
consideration in any flood risk assessment for development proposals at the site in the absence <strong>of</strong> the<br />
proposed scheme.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 5-19 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
The embankment proposed perpendicular to the stream along the roadside boundary <strong>of</strong> the Lurriga<br />
Road (‘Show 4’), which is to comprise an area <strong>of</strong> c.100 m long embankment will dissect a<br />
commercially zoned land block, however the proposed line <strong>of</strong> the embankment is located within<br />
agricultural land along a field boundary that separates the land from a dwelling house and garden.<br />
Based on property ownership information received from the client, it appears that the dwelling house<br />
and associated curtilage are in separate ownership. The embankment in itself will not preclude<br />
commercial activity at either side <strong>of</strong> the embankment. It will benefit the western portion <strong>of</strong> the land<br />
block (the section in residential use) which is currently susceptible to flooding. The eastern portion <strong>of</strong><br />
the land block will remain susceptible to flooding and thus no change in development constraints is<br />
anticipated in that area.<br />
While works described under ‘Caol 4’ are to be located in residentially zoned lands, the flood relief<br />
wall in question will be provided adjacent an area <strong>of</strong> incidental open space currently connected to the<br />
access to an existing housing development (Cois Caol). Access to the remainder <strong>of</strong> the residentially<br />
zoned land block beyond will be unaffected.<br />
Works detailed as ‘Assolas 3’ will involve the construction <strong>of</strong> an embankment on residentially zoned<br />
land; however, the proposed embankment will protect the remainder <strong>of</strong> the lands, which are currently<br />
susceptible to flooding, from future flood events and thus create a more favourable environment for<br />
any future development proposals.<br />
The proposed pumping station (Glen 1) adjacent the Glencurragh Stream will be located in lands<br />
zoned for Phase II Residential Development. The pumping station will include an underground pump<br />
sump with access points, an above ground control kiosk and possibly, an electricity substation. A<br />
hard-standing area will be required for access and maintenance purposes. In the context <strong>of</strong> the<br />
overall area <strong>of</strong> land zoned for future residential development, it is anticipated that the proposed<br />
pumping station will be located beside the road and that intrusion on this area <strong>of</strong> zoned land will be<br />
minimal. The future development <strong>of</strong> residential uses in this area will not be precluded, however the<br />
development <strong>of</strong> a layout for a housing area will need to consider the proposed infrastructure as a<br />
constraint.<br />
In considering the potential development <strong>of</strong> the opportunity sites identified in the Skibbereen Town<br />
Plan (See Section 5.1.4.2), it is considered that the proposed scheme will indirectly allow several<br />
sites to be brought forward for development in a more certain context (subject to meeting<br />
requirements <strong>of</strong> the Planning System and Flood Risk Management – Guidelines for Planning<br />
Authorities 2009). Opportunity Sites 2 and 3 (East and West Backlands) will benefit from the flood<br />
relief works; landtake from the proposed flood relief structures in these areas is likely to be minimal<br />
and will not prevent redevelopment. These sites are particularly important in terms <strong>of</strong> achieving<br />
compact urban development and a strong urban core. <strong>Impact</strong>s on amenity walks which should be<br />
provided as part <strong>of</strong> the redevelopment <strong>of</strong> these sites are considered below. The north-western part <strong>of</strong><br />
Opportunity Site 4 (Secondary Schools) will benefit from the drainage scheme but will have to<br />
accommodate an embankment; landtake is minimal in the context <strong>of</strong> the overall site. Limited river<br />
channel widening works will be required at the southern part <strong>of</strong> Opportunity Site 5 (The Marsh) but will<br />
not impact on proposals for this site in any significant manner; proposed car parking and amenity<br />
uses in line with the Skibbereen Urban Study including a riverside walkway will remain implementable<br />
at this location. The proposed scheme is based on modelling that takes account <strong>of</strong> proposals for the<br />
Marsh lands. Opportunity Site 1 (Fair Field) will be unaffected.<br />
5.5.2.3 Amenity Walks<br />
The current Skibbereen Town Development Plan objectives for the town set out a number <strong>of</strong> amenity<br />
walks, most <strong>of</strong> which are routed along the river banks. The amenity walk lines are indicative only and<br />
do not form part <strong>of</strong> proposals for the proposed Drainage Scheme. The proposed scheme has<br />
however avoided impinging on these indicative walkway lines should they be developed in the future.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 5-20 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
On the northern bank, the proposed works will not interfere with likely future walking routes at The<br />
Marsh. The objective to provide a walkway/cycleway along the northern bank <strong>of</strong> the Ilen on the Schull<br />
Ballydehob road will however need to be considered in consultation with the local authority and<br />
property owners where necessary at detailed design stage. The indicative route along the river will<br />
not be affected but access to the road from the riverside at the western end <strong>of</strong> this area could be<br />
obstructed by the proposed embankment and flood wall in this location. The proposed works will not<br />
preclude access over the embankment/wall if necessary in the future.<br />
At the southern bank, the existing route west <strong>of</strong> John F. Kennedy Bridge will be unaffected. Where<br />
flood walls are to be provided west <strong>of</strong> John F. Kennedy Bridge, the works required to provide these<br />
structures will aim not to preclude the future provision <strong>of</strong> boardwalks or other walkways by others to<br />
allow a complete riverside loop walk to be in place in the future. Walks will not be provided as part <strong>of</strong><br />
the proposed scheme (current planning policy states that 3 m wide walks are to be provided for as<br />
part <strong>of</strong> any developments in this area).<br />
East <strong>of</strong> John F. Kennedy Bridge, details <strong>of</strong> access to the river front at the West Cork Hotel grounds<br />
will be finalised at detailed design stage; views <strong>of</strong> the river will remain. Existing boardwalks where<br />
they have been provided at new developments east <strong>of</strong> Levis’ Quay will remain. The works required to<br />
provide flood walls and embankments at the rear <strong>of</strong> properties on North Street will aim not to preclude<br />
the future provision <strong>of</strong> boardwalks or other forms <strong>of</strong> pedestrian facilities at this location by others. As<br />
advised above, 3 m wide walks are to be provided as part <strong>of</strong> developments on the southern side <strong>of</strong><br />
the Ilen in this location under current planning policy.<br />
The potential for the development <strong>of</strong> a proposed riverside amenity walk running north along the Ilen<br />
from the town rugby grounds will be influenced by an embankment. Alternative access arrangements<br />
and/or rerouting is likely to be required should this route be developed in future. The Town Council<br />
can consider provision <strong>of</strong> the amenity walk here in future without compromising the integrity <strong>of</strong> the<br />
flood defence embankment.<br />
5.5.3 Overall Conclusion<br />
The proposed development complies with strategic planning policy. No specific mitigation is<br />
recommended.<br />
In terms <strong>of</strong> the statutory planning policy context for the town <strong>of</strong> Skibbereen, the following is noted:<br />
Future development proposals on zoned land that is susceptible to flooding are currently required to<br />
be assessed in accordance with the relevant Flood Risk Guidelines. Any undeveloped zoned land<br />
that remains susceptible to flooding following scheme implementation will remain subject to that<br />
requirement. Some undeveloped zoned land will benefit from the proposed scheme and on balance<br />
the impact will be significant, positive and long-term.<br />
At operational stage, the proposed scheme will influence design and route options for the future<br />
implementation <strong>of</strong> policy objectives to provide amenity walks and a cycleway for the town in some<br />
areas. In these areas, the works required will aim not to preclude the future development <strong>of</strong> walking<br />
routes by other parties in future. Consultation will be carried out with the local authority and property<br />
owners as necessary at detailed design stage.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 5-21 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
6 COMMUNITY AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT<br />
ASSESSMENT<br />
6.1 INTRODUCTION<br />
Human beings comprise one <strong>of</strong> the most important elements <strong>of</strong> the “environment”. Any potential<br />
impact on human beings that may arise from the proposed River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
must therefore be appropriately assessed. The principal concern is to ensure that human beings<br />
within the study area experience no significant unacceptable diminution in aspects <strong>of</strong> “quality <strong>of</strong> life”<br />
as a consequence <strong>of</strong> the construction and operation <strong>of</strong> the proposed development. Relevant<br />
components <strong>of</strong> “Human Beings” in this section <strong>of</strong> the EIS include: population, employment, and<br />
community aspects.<br />
This section considers in detail the existing socio-economic context <strong>of</strong> the site, identifies the various<br />
sensitive ‘communities’ within the vicinity <strong>of</strong> the site, and assesses the potential for impact on same.<br />
Other sections <strong>of</strong> this EIS, which are relevant for the purposes <strong>of</strong> assessing impact on the socioeconomic<br />
characteristics <strong>of</strong> the town and its environs, as appropriate, are referenced as necessary.<br />
6.2 METHODOLOGY<br />
6.2.1 Evaluation and <strong>Impact</strong> Assessment<br />
The proposed development is a Drainage Scheme to be located within Skibbereen Town and its<br />
environs, within the catchment <strong>of</strong> the River Ilen. Proposed infrastructure comprises a pumping<br />
station, walls, embankments, culverts, overflow channel and some localised channel widening as well<br />
as drainage works, bridge regrading works (J.F.K. Bridge), works to a mill race, insertion <strong>of</strong> valves<br />
and general facilitating works. These works are typical requirements <strong>of</strong> a Drainage Scheme in an<br />
urban area. Non-structural measures are also proposed as part <strong>of</strong> the overall flood risk management<br />
scheme and these include increased public awareness, proactive and planned maintenance<br />
programme, planning and development controls and the management <strong>of</strong> lands within the flood plain.<br />
Such secondary measures are increasingly part <strong>of</strong> policy on integrated approaches to flood relief.<br />
The fundamental goal <strong>of</strong> the proposed drainage works is to protect human beings and their activities<br />
from adverse impacts associated with flood events to their properties. However, the impacts<br />
associated with the construction and operation <strong>of</strong> the scheme must be considered, particularly in light<br />
<strong>of</strong> the location <strong>of</strong> the works within and around a settlement that is home to a significant resident<br />
population. Skibbereen also serves as an important employment and service centre for its hinterland<br />
and its location within West Cork places it in a busy tourist area. <strong>Impact</strong>s on the working and visiting<br />
communities must therefore also be taken into account.<br />
This socio-economic impact assessment is carried out by way <strong>of</strong> a combination <strong>of</strong> desk-based studies<br />
and site visits and investigations. The methodology adopted is based on the guidelines and<br />
recommendations contained in the EPA advice documents as follows:-<br />
• Guidelines on the information to be contained in <strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong>s (2002);<br />
and<br />
• Advice notes on Current Practice in the preparation <strong>of</strong> EIS (2003).<br />
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 6-1 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Having regard to these advices, the issues examined include economic activity, social considerations,<br />
land use, and health and safety matters. Where appropriate we have examined impacts on human<br />
beings as impacts on different groupings <strong>of</strong> people in general, rather than specific individuals.<br />
Information on the demographic and employment characteristics <strong>of</strong> the resident population within the<br />
catchment area which are considered <strong>of</strong> relevance is provided. Population information is sourced<br />
mainly from the Census <strong>of</strong> Population 2011 and 2006. Consideration <strong>of</strong> current unemployment<br />
patterns is based on up-to-date information available from the Live Register (Skibbereen Area).<br />
Information on tourists visiting the area was obtained from Fáilte Ireland Annual Tourism Fact Sheets<br />
which were accessed via their website.<br />
Information on insurance issues was sourced from representatives <strong>of</strong> the insurance industry and from<br />
an internet search.<br />
Identification <strong>of</strong> sensitive communities and land uses was undertaken by a mix <strong>of</strong> site visits and a<br />
review <strong>of</strong> Development Plan mapping.<br />
The focus <strong>of</strong> the chapter is therefore to establish the potential for socio-economic impacts on<br />
population and employment in the area and on potential impacts to the community, including the<br />
resident, working and visiting community. Land use is considered in addressing potential impacts on<br />
the resident and working community. In this regard, any particularly sensitive land uses are identified<br />
and considered in this assessment. Each section will set out the detail <strong>of</strong> the existing environment,<br />
the characteristics <strong>of</strong> the development that could have socio-economic impacts; the consequences <strong>of</strong><br />
such impacts; and mitigation measures where considered necessary.<br />
6.2.2 Consultation<br />
A summary <strong>of</strong> consultation carried out and <strong>of</strong> responses to consultation relevant to this chapter is<br />
provided in Chapter 3 Methodology and Consultation <strong>of</strong> this EIS. Chapter 7 Aquatic Flora and<br />
Fauna addresses all consultation responses with regards to potential impacts to fisheries, water and<br />
protected species,. Relevant consultees include Fáilte Ireland, Inland Fisheries Ireland, River Ilen<br />
Angler’s Club, Skibbereen Rowing Club, Skibbereen Rugby Club, Skibbereen Flood Committee and<br />
various other local groups, government departments and semi-state bodies. Issues raised are also<br />
discussed where relevant throughout this Chapter.<br />
6.2.3 Site Visit<br />
A site visit to inform this chapter was carried out on September 3 rd 2012. The site visit comprised <strong>of</strong> a<br />
walkover <strong>of</strong> the scheme where access was available; in other areas the sites were viewed from the<br />
public road. In a limited number <strong>of</strong> areas, full views were unavailable; however aerial photography<br />
provided sufficient information. The site visit also confirmed land uses and provided an overview <strong>of</strong><br />
the town and environs.<br />
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 6-2 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
6.3 DESCRIPTION OF EXISTING ENVIRONMENT<br />
6.3.1 Demography and Employment - Statistical Context<br />
The most recent Census <strong>of</strong> Population for which population statistics are currently available is the<br />
Census <strong>of</strong> Population 2011. The Small Area Population Statistics provide detailed, local information<br />
on socio-economic groups and employment in the area, on an Electoral Division basis.<br />
Live Register information presents the most up to date situation as regards unemployment.<br />
For the purposes <strong>of</strong> comparison, information on population levels and change within the State, County<br />
Cork and for the Electoral Divisions <strong>of</strong> Skibbereen Urban, Skibbereen Rural and Woodfort (in which<br />
the study area is located), is provided. While these EDs do not correlate precisely to the study area,<br />
they are considered the best fit for the purposes <strong>of</strong> providing meaningful statistics. The study area is<br />
determined on a river catchment basis and therefore does not directly relate to any political or<br />
administrative boundaries; therefore for the purposes <strong>of</strong> statistical analysis figures provided cover the<br />
entire areas <strong>of</strong> each ED which the study area fully or partially contains.<br />
Population Levels<br />
Table 6.1 below presents population figures for the years between 2002 and 2011. It incorporates a<br />
comparison between rates <strong>of</strong> growth/decline across the Electoral Divisions <strong>of</strong> the immediate<br />
catchment area, as well as comparisons with the County and State averages.<br />
Table 6.1: Population and Rates <strong>of</strong> Population Change at Local, County and State Levels for<br />
2002, 2006 and 2011<br />
Area<br />
Population<br />
2002<br />
Population<br />
2006<br />
Population<br />
2011<br />
Change<br />
2002 - 2006<br />
(% Change)<br />
State 3,917,203 4,234,925 4,588,252 +8.2 +8.3<br />
County Cork 324,767 361,877 399802 +11.4 +10.4<br />
Study Area Totals 3550 3932 4197 +10.7 +9.8<br />
Skibbereen Urban 2,000 2,338 2568 +17 +9.8<br />
Skibbereen Rural 1,146 1,200 1252 +4.7 +4.3<br />
Woodfort 404 394 377 -2.5 -4.3<br />
Source: Census <strong>of</strong> Population 2002, 2006 and 2011<br />
Change 2006 -<br />
2011<br />
(% Change)<br />
The population <strong>of</strong> the State increased at rates <strong>of</strong> 8.2% and 8.3% between the inter-censal periods <strong>of</strong><br />
2002 to 2006 and 2006 to 2011. Growth within Cork County has been higher during those periods, at<br />
11.4% and 10.4% respectively. Population growth within the overall study area lies between the two;<br />
ahead <strong>of</strong> the state average but slower than the county rate. This relatively strong growth is<br />
attributable particularly to the growth rates in the Skibbereen Urban area in both inter-censal periods,<br />
especially during 2002-2006, where growth stood at 17%. It is likely that this level <strong>of</strong> growth occurred<br />
primarily because <strong>of</strong> the occupation <strong>of</strong> new housing developments in the town during that time.<br />
Population in Woodfort ED, the more rural <strong>of</strong> the EDs considered, has declined due to natural<br />
decrease or out-migration. Growth within the Skibbereen Rural ED has been relatively low over the<br />
same timeframe. The rate <strong>of</strong> growth within the study area is likely to be below the county average<br />
due to the distance <strong>of</strong> the location from the Cork Metropolitan area.<br />
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 6-3 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Age Pr<strong>of</strong>ile<br />
The age pr<strong>of</strong>ile <strong>of</strong> the catchment population <strong>of</strong> the State, Cork County and the relevant Electoral<br />
Divisions for 2006 and 2011 are highlighted in Table 6.2 below. For ease <strong>of</strong> analysis <strong>of</strong> the structure<br />
<strong>of</strong> the population residing within each catchment area, three categories are examined:-<br />
• The dependant population (i.e. those persons within the 0-14 and 65+ age cohorts);<br />
• The working/independent population (i.e. those persons residing within the 15-64 year age<br />
cohorts); and<br />
• The childbearing population (aged 15-44).<br />
Table 6.2: Population <strong>of</strong> Each Area Categorised into Independent, Dependent and Childbearing<br />
Cohorts between 2006 and 2011 (to nearest %)<br />
Area<br />
15-64 Years (0-14) And 65+ Years Child-Bearing<br />
Independent Dependent<br />
15-44 Years<br />
2006 2011 2006 2011 2006 2011<br />
State 69 67 31 33 47 44<br />
Cork County 68 65.9 32 34 46 43<br />
Skibbereen Urban 68 65 32 35 46 43<br />
Skibbereen Rural 60 55 40 45 32 32<br />
Woodfort 69 66 31 34 44 36<br />
Study Area 66 62 34 38 41 37<br />
Source: Census <strong>of</strong> Population 2006 and 2011<br />
From an analysis <strong>of</strong> the above, it is concluded that the proportion <strong>of</strong> the population in the independent<br />
age cohort for the study area was below the county and state figures in 2006 and had fallen to a lower<br />
level again by 2011. This could be attributed to out-migration from the area among this age group in<br />
recent years. The Skibbereen Rural ED showed a particularly significant drop between 2006 and<br />
2011, i.e. from 60% to 55%.<br />
There is a higher proportion <strong>of</strong> population in the dependant age group within the study area for both<br />
2006 and 2011 than in the county or state areas. This has increased between 2006 and 2011 and<br />
has implications in that these categories, particularly those in the 65+ cohort are more vulnerable to<br />
the impacts <strong>of</strong> flood events than those in the independent age cohort. Again the Skibbereen Rural ED<br />
is <strong>of</strong> note due to the fact that it has a particularly high level in this cohort (45% in 2011 as opposed to<br />
35% and 34% in Skibbereen Urban and Woodfort EDs respectively).<br />
The child-bearing cohort, or the younger sub-groups <strong>of</strong> the independent cohort, is significantly lower<br />
than the State and County average and has declined between 2006 and 2011 from 41% to 37%;<br />
particularly high levels <strong>of</strong> decline in Woodfort ED are influential where the proportion <strong>of</strong> the population<br />
in this cohort declined from 44% to 36% in the corresponding period. National and county levels in<br />
this cohort have also declined, however, as advised previously, these are at a higher level. Numbers<br />
in this cohort have implications for the population pr<strong>of</strong>ile and population trends in the area in future. A<br />
low and declining number in this cohort is likely to result in population decrease or a slower rate <strong>of</strong><br />
increase in forthcoming intercensal periods excluding other factors such as in and out migration.<br />
Household Size<br />
Table 6.3 below illustrates the average no. <strong>of</strong> persons per household in the study area, Cork County<br />
and the State in 2006 and 2011.<br />
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 6-4 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Table 6.3: Average Number <strong>of</strong> Persons per Household, 2002 & 2006<br />
Area 2006 2011<br />
State 2.9 2.72<br />
Cork County 2.9 2.82<br />
Study Area Average 2.84 2.64<br />
Skibbereen Urban 2.34 2.27<br />
Skibbereen Rural 3.07 2.75<br />
Woodfort 3.12 2.9<br />
Source: Census <strong>of</strong> Population 2006 & 2011<br />
The average number <strong>of</strong> persons per household for the State in 2011 was 2.72 persons, falling from<br />
2.9 persons per household in 2006 (continuing a trend <strong>of</strong> decline from the average <strong>of</strong> 3.2 persons per<br />
household in Ireland in 2002). Household size in County Cork also fell between 2006 and 2011, albeit<br />
by a smaller margin (from 2.9 to 2.82). The relevant electoral areas follow a similar trend <strong>of</strong> decline,<br />
which is particularly noticeable in the Skibbereen Rural ED. The overall study area has a lower<br />
average household size in both years analysed; in 2011 this stood at 2.64.<br />
Employment Status<br />
The most recent information available from the Census <strong>of</strong> Population in respect <strong>of</strong> the principle<br />
economic status <strong>of</strong> the local population <strong>of</strong> the relevant Electoral Divisions, is from the 2011 Census <strong>of</strong><br />
Population.<br />
This information, together with corresponding detail from the 2006 Census is shown in Tables 6.4 (a)<br />
and (b) below.<br />
In this regard, it is clear that the unemployment level <strong>of</strong> the local catchment area is close to the state<br />
average and is significantly above the county average. The Skibbereen Urban area experienced a<br />
particularly high level <strong>of</strong> unemployment in 2011, at 18.3%. These unemployment levels are generated<br />
purely from the principle economic status <strong>of</strong> persons over 15 years recorded in the Census <strong>of</strong><br />
Population and are useful for comparing the relative performance <strong>of</strong> an area compared with State or<br />
County averages. Significant increases at all levels are noted since corresponding data was collected<br />
for 2006, which is representative <strong>of</strong> the current recession.<br />
Table 6.4 (a): Labour Force and Unemployment Level, 2011<br />
Area<br />
At Work<br />
1 st time<br />
Jobseeker<br />
Unemployed<br />
Work Force<br />
Unemployment<br />
Level<br />
State 1,807,360 34,166 390,677 2,572,121 15.1%<br />
Cork County 164,441 2,006 26,597 224,115 11.8%<br />
Study Area Total 1,579 31 332 2,227 14.9%<br />
Skibbereen<br />
Urban<br />
972 25 262 1,430 18.3%<br />
Skibbereen Rural 438 3 49 576 8.5%<br />
Woodfort 169 3 21 221 9.5%<br />
Source: Census <strong>of</strong> Population 2011<br />
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 6-5 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Table 6.4 (b): Labour Force and Unemployment Level, 2006<br />
Area<br />
At Work<br />
1 st time<br />
Jobseeker<br />
Unemployed<br />
Work Force<br />
State 1,930,042 29,372 150,084 2,109,498 7.1%<br />
Cork County 167092 1839 8646 213,423 4%<br />
Study Area Total 1758 20 120 2254 5.3%<br />
Skibbereen<br />
Urban<br />
Skibbereen<br />
Rural<br />
Woodfort<br />
1085 14 89 1,384 6.4%<br />
470 5 27 618 4.4%<br />
203<br />
Source: Census <strong>of</strong> Population 2006<br />
1 4 252 1.6%<br />
Unemployment<br />
Level<br />
A recording <strong>of</strong> numbers receiving unemployment benefits is obtained from live register figures<br />
recorded by the Central Statistics Office. Live register 1 figures are updated on a monthly basis. In<br />
this regard, it should be noted that the standardised unemployment rate recorded for the State as a<br />
whole in January 2013 was 14.6%. This includes casual and part-time workers entitled to payments.<br />
This rate has almost trebled from the January 2008 figure <strong>of</strong> 4.9%.<br />
The number <strong>of</strong> people on the live register for the local Skibbereen Social Welfare Office for January<br />
2013 was 1,315; this number is a significant increase from 2008 when the numbers stood at 413 for<br />
the corresponding month. January 2012 figures were 1,268. Figures reached a high point in 2011,<br />
with 1,375 people on the live register in this area. Emigration is likely to be a factor in fluctuating<br />
numbers in recent years. The rate <strong>of</strong> increase in the live register figures locally in the period 2008 to<br />
2013 is higher than that <strong>of</strong> the state increase. This is likely to relate to the study area’s lack <strong>of</strong><br />
proximity to a major urban area and trends are consistent with those concluded from an assessment<br />
<strong>of</strong> the census data on the principle economic status <strong>of</strong> the population.<br />
The Census information from 2011 and 2006 also provides information on the type <strong>of</strong> industry in<br />
which local people are employed in. This information is also provided for the State and County levels<br />
for comparative purposes. The key employment sectors in the study area in 2011 were commerce<br />
and trade and pr<strong>of</strong>essional services. This is typical <strong>of</strong> such a study area which predominantly<br />
comprises an urban area; a more rural study area would indicate a higher number engaged in<br />
agriculture, fishing and forestry. The most significant changes in the industries providing employment<br />
in the study area between 2006 and 2011 were the reductions in the numbers employed in building<br />
and construction and in manufacturing industry.<br />
Table 6.5 (a): Persons at Work by Industry 2011<br />
Area<br />
Agri.<br />
Forestry<br />
and<br />
Fishing<br />
Building and<br />
Construction<br />
Manuf’g<br />
Industry<br />
Commerce<br />
and Trade<br />
Transport<br />
and<br />
Comm’ns<br />
Public<br />
Admin.<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>essional<br />
Services<br />
State 91,526 87,371 209,803 456,289 146,530 113,860 425,349 276,632 1,807,360<br />
Cork County 1,564 731 7,922 18,561 2,796 3,647 28,347 11,722 75,290<br />
Study Area Total 21 7 36 216 14 45 265 154 758<br />
Skibbereen 5 3 28 147 11 18 166 119 497<br />
Urban<br />
Skibbereen<br />
Rural<br />
9 3 3 50 3 23 78 25 194<br />
Woodfort 7 1 5 19 0 4 21 10 67<br />
Source: Census <strong>of</strong> Population 2011<br />
Other<br />
Total<br />
1 The Live Register does not record ‘unemployment’ as it also captures employed people such as those in casual<br />
or part-time employment that are in receipt <strong>of</strong> payments from the state such as Jobseeker’s Benefit.<br />
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 6-6 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Table 6.5(b): Persons at Work by Industry 2006<br />
Area<br />
Agri.<br />
Forestry<br />
and<br />
Fishing<br />
Manuf’g<br />
Industry<br />
Transport<br />
and<br />
Comm’ns<br />
Public<br />
Admin.<br />
Building<br />
and<br />
Construction<br />
Commerce<br />
and<br />
Trade<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>essional<br />
Services<br />
State 22,421 155,774 239,396 44,4818 85,392 100,354 302,349 265,800 1,616,304<br />
Cork County 2,652 15,068 25,206 33,716 6,480 7,311 25,909 17,944 134,286<br />
Study Area Total 32 153 197 350 69 68 296 166 1,331<br />
Skibbereen 15 110 154 231 39 35 167 123 874<br />
Urban<br />
Skibbereen<br />
Rural<br />
10 34 27 82 25 26 96 32 332<br />
Woodfort 7 9 16 37 5 7 33 11 125<br />
Source: Census <strong>of</strong> Population 2006<br />
Other<br />
Total<br />
6.3.2 Community and Population Groupings<br />
Resident Population<br />
The town <strong>of</strong> Skibbereen and its environs is the only settlement within the study area. Residential<br />
areas have developed along linear routes, i.e. the main approach roads to the town and there is also<br />
a strong residential component within the town centre, comprised <strong>of</strong> older housing stock and more<br />
recent development including new apartment buildings. Residential areas on the outskirts comprise<br />
planned housing developments, and individual houses on their own plots. The larger planned<br />
developments are predominantly located at the west <strong>of</strong> the town, along the southern bank <strong>of</strong> the Ilen<br />
(e.g. Inis Alainn, Newbridge Park) and to the north <strong>of</strong> the N71 (e.g. The Moorings), and to the east<br />
and southeast <strong>of</strong> the town centre (e.g. The Hawthorns, The Mills, Pound Hill). The town centre<br />
accommodates most <strong>of</strong> the older units. Services for residents, including retail and business services<br />
are concentrated within the town centre.<br />
The Skibbereen Electoral Area Local Area Plan advises that there were 1427 dwellings in Skibbereen<br />
in 2010. There were 10 units under construction that year, 49 units were vacant. There were<br />
outstanding planning permissions for 338 units. No new additional development is required to<br />
accommodate the town’s 2020 population target according to the plan. There is zoned land potential<br />
for a further 1629 residential units within the town and its environs.<br />
Significant areas <strong>of</strong> residential property within Skibbereen are currently subject to flooding. These<br />
include established residential properties within the town centre (to the south <strong>of</strong> the River Ilen and<br />
adjacent/near the Caol Stream), residential areas along the Glencurragh Road/north <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Schull/Ballydehob Road, part <strong>of</strong> The Flax Mills development south <strong>of</strong> the Ilen west <strong>of</strong> the town centre,<br />
dwellings and gardens on Mill Road including Glenilen Terrace, a number <strong>of</strong> properties on the<br />
Baltimore Road and an area near the Cork Road at the east <strong>of</strong> the town. See Figure 1.2.<br />
Some <strong>of</strong> the proposed flood relief measures will take place on or adjacent residential properties.<br />
These include embankments and walls to the northwest <strong>of</strong> the Baltimore Road, walls along the Caol<br />
Stream both to the rear <strong>of</strong> residential properties or visible along approaches to residential<br />
developments, a wall north <strong>of</strong> properties at The Flax Mills (and embankments to the east and west),<br />
an embankment and wall to the rear <strong>of</strong> residential properties on North Street (many <strong>of</strong> these buildings<br />
have a commercial component), embankments and walls along/in the area <strong>of</strong> Mill Road and a<br />
proposed pumping station near dwellings at Glencurragh (The Moorings Residential Estate). See<br />
Figure 1.2.<br />
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 6-7 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Working Population<br />
Skibbereen is designated as a District Employment centre in the Cork County Development Plan,<br />
which is discussed in more detail in Chapter 5 Strategic and Statutory Planning Context. As a<br />
service and employment centre for its residents and hinterland, the town accommodates a significant<br />
working population.<br />
Employment is provided in public facilities within the town centre and outside it at locations such as<br />
the Civil Defence Cork West, Skibbereen Fire Station and the Health Service Executive facilities at<br />
the hospital grounds. The Marsh Road, to the north <strong>of</strong> the town is the key industrial location in<br />
Skibbereen; facilities located here include CH Marine, Cork Co-operative Marts, the NCT centre and<br />
also, a business park which is occupied by some retail warehousing units (Heat Merchants/Electric<br />
Merchants and Seán O’Driscoll Bedding & Furniture) among other uses. There are a number <strong>of</strong><br />
unoccupied units here. Commercial areas include the Castletownshend Road for example, where<br />
businesses operating include Carbery Pre-Cast and Field’s Bakery. Commercial enterprises, such as<br />
pr<strong>of</strong>essional services, are located within the town centre and at smaller sites scattered throughout the<br />
study area.<br />
Retail activity is concentrated within the town centre including convenience stores such as Field’s<br />
Super Valu, and comparison outlets, with a strong interiors/crafts emphasis. Family run businesses<br />
dominate the retail sector within Skibbereen. There are some retail multiples in operation within the<br />
town, including a Lidl store on the Baltimore Road. Retail activity is important as a service for the<br />
wider rural hinterland and for the vitality and vibrancy <strong>of</strong> the town centre as well as for direct economic<br />
impacts. Some retail warehousing is evident at the business park on the Marsh Road, as discussed<br />
above, and near the Baltimore Road Roundabout.<br />
In terms <strong>of</strong> employment in the tourism and recreation sector, there are two hotels, along with a<br />
number <strong>of</strong> guesthouses and B&Bs that provide employment. Employment in the bar/restaurant sector<br />
is boosted by the tourist trade.<br />
Many <strong>of</strong> the town’s employment providers are located in areas currently subject to flooding, for<br />
example, the industrial area east <strong>of</strong> the Marsh Road, the commercial area east <strong>of</strong> the Baltimore Road<br />
roundabout and areas within the town centre where services (including tourism), retail and<br />
pr<strong>of</strong>essional services are located.<br />
Visiting Population<br />
Fáilte Ireland’s ‘Overseas Visitors to Counties in 2011 – Preliminary Estimates, July 2012’ advises<br />
that 1,081,000 people visited County Cork in 2011, generating an estimated revenue <strong>of</strong> €432 million.<br />
Cork was the second most visited county after Dublin. Visitor numbers to Cork were highest from<br />
Britain (396,000), followed by <strong>Main</strong>land Europe (390,000) and North America (220,000). Preliminary<br />
estimates for tourism numbers by region provide a figure <strong>of</strong> 1,614,000 visitors to the South West in<br />
2011, second only to the Dublin region. Estimated revenue for the South West is €618 million. If<br />
these estimates are confirmed by the CSO on release <strong>of</strong> final figures, this will represent a change in<br />
trends from the decline in visitor numbers that has occurred since 2007. For example, 1,448,000<br />
people visited the South West in 2010 but 1,514,000 people visited the region in 2009.<br />
In the context <strong>of</strong> Skibbereen and West Cork, any increase in tourist numbers to the South West region<br />
must be cautiously considered, as media reports in recent times suggest a strong upturn in visitor<br />
figures to Cork City, stemming from the listing <strong>of</strong> the city as one <strong>of</strong> Lonely Planet’s recommended top<br />
ten city breaks in 2009 and the visit <strong>of</strong> Queen Elizabeth II to the city in 2011.<br />
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 6-8 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
More detailed information on visitor numbers, origins and reasons for visits are available for the South<br />
West region for 2010. As outlined above, this region is particularly popular for European and British<br />
visitors. British visitors <strong>of</strong>ten arrive to visit friends or family in the region and tend to stay within the<br />
south west for this reason. Three in five visited between March and October 2010; the arrival <strong>of</strong><br />
British holidaymakers specifically peaked in August. European visitors to the region travelled here<br />
mainly for holidays and June, July and August were the peak arrival months. The largest proportion<br />
<strong>of</strong> North American visitors travelled to the South West in September. While more North American<br />
visitors visited Kerry, a greater number <strong>of</strong> British and European visitors visited Cork in 2010.<br />
Revenue from overseas tourists was higher in County Cork than in County Kerry (€352mn versus<br />
€154mn). 57% <strong>of</strong> overseas visitors in 2010 stayed in hotels, guesthouses or B&Bs, while 27% stayed<br />
with friends and relatives. Visitor numbers include those on business trips.<br />
While a summer peak is evident, visitors do come to the region throughout the year; visits to friends<br />
and family are particularly more spread across the calendar year. None <strong>of</strong> the region’s top ten visitor<br />
attractions for 2010 are located within the study area, however Skibbereen does contain a number <strong>of</strong><br />
tourist attractions.<br />
The main visitor facility is the Skibbereen Heritage Centre which is located within the restored Old<br />
Gasworks Building on Upper Bridge Street. The Heritage Centre includes an exhibition on the Great<br />
Famine, an archaeology trail <strong>of</strong> Skibbereen and genealogy services. It is also home to the Lough<br />
Hyne Visitor Centre. The West Cork Arts Centre is located in the town. The traditional streetscape<br />
and the riverside location in itself are also attractions <strong>of</strong> the town. An organised historical walking<br />
tour <strong>of</strong> Skibbereen visits locations that have direct links with the Great Famine. A mass famine grave<br />
site is located at Abbeystrowery Graveyard just west <strong>of</strong> the town.<br />
The town is a cycling hub, designated as such by Fáilte Ireland in the national cycling strategy. A<br />
number <strong>of</strong> full and half day cycling routes are based in the town. Routes include loops towards<br />
Tragumna and Toe Head, Baltimore and Lough Hyne and to Mount Kid northwest <strong>of</strong> the town. See<br />
Figure 6.1 below:<br />
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 6-9 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Figure 6.1: Way-marked Cycle Routes based in Skibbereen<br />
The River Ilen <strong>of</strong>fers salmon and sea trout game angling, from the town centre north for 5 km, with<br />
some fishing for brown trout. 2 Accessible angling sites in the area are at Ballyhilty Bridge, which is<br />
over 1km upstream <strong>of</strong> the proposed physical flood relief works. Rudd and pike are found at Lough<br />
Abisdealy; Liss Ard Estate provides fishing on the grounds as part <strong>of</strong> its accommodation and activity<br />
<strong>of</strong>fer. Chapter 7 Aquatic Flora and Fauna provides detailed information on fisheries in the study<br />
area.<br />
The River Ilen is also used for rowing; Skibbereen Rowing Club has a boathouse at the west <strong>of</strong> the<br />
town at Drisheen.<br />
In the immediate area, there is also an 18-hole golf course. The West Cork area is a popular venue<br />
for walking (there are mapped routes within the Liss Ard Residential Estate for example).<br />
Annual events held in the town which attract visitors include ‘A Taste <strong>of</strong> West Cork Food Festival’,<br />
Skibbereen Arts Week, Skibbereen Show and the Liss Ard Music Festival held just outside the town.<br />
An adventure race is being held at Liss Ard this year. The current Skibbereen Electoral Area LAP<br />
promotes the town as a centre for Arts and Crafts for West Cork; a new building for the West Cork<br />
Arts Centre is planned just west <strong>of</strong> the Caol Stream south <strong>of</strong> Levis’ Quay.<br />
2 According to Fáilte Ireland figures, 127,000 overseas visitors engaged in angling while in Ireland in 2010;<br />
57,000 <strong>of</strong> these visitors came from Britain.<br />
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 6-10 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Skibbereen is also an important base for tourists visiting West Cork. Within easy reach <strong>of</strong> the town are<br />
the fishing and boating villages <strong>of</strong> Glandore, Union Hall, Baltimore and Castletownsend. Scuba diving<br />
is available in areas such as Lough Hyne and in Baltimore. The town is also close to ferry points at<br />
Baltimore and Cunnamore Point for Oileáin Chleire, Sherkin and Heir Islands. There are also sites <strong>of</strong><br />
archaeological interest in the area.<br />
Within the town, there are a number <strong>of</strong> small guesthouses and B&Bs, with accommodation for visitors<br />
also provided by hotels such as the Eldon Hotel and West Cork Hotel (both located on the southern<br />
banks <strong>of</strong> the Ilen). A hostel is also located within the town on <strong>Main</strong> Street. The Hideaway Camping &<br />
Caravan Park is located on the Castletownsend Road. The town also contains a number <strong>of</strong> bars,<br />
restaurants and cafés. The Liss Ard Residential Estate outside the town also provides<br />
accommodation.<br />
Within the study area itself, the most important area for visitors is the town centre as this is the main<br />
focus for tourist activity; the Heritage Centre, West Cork Arts Centre, heritage walks, tourist<br />
accommodation, hotels, bars, restaurants and café’s are located here. Much <strong>of</strong> the town centre is a<br />
designated Architectural Conservation Area, with a significant number <strong>of</strong> protected structures <strong>of</strong><br />
architectural and historic importance, which contribute to its attractive streetscape.<br />
Consultation has been undertaken with Fáilte Ireland, the local Tourist Office and relevant<br />
recreational groups within the town regarding the proposed Drainage Scheme.<br />
6.3.3 Land Use<br />
The most vulnerable land uses in the context <strong>of</strong> flood risk include Garda, ambulance and fire stations,<br />
hospitals, emergency access points and command centres that would require to be operational during<br />
flood events, schools, dwelling houses, hostels, residential institutions, caravans/mobile home parks,<br />
sheltered housing and essential infrastructure 3 . Essential infrastructure, such as telecommunications,<br />
is discussed in Chapter 14 Material Assets.<br />
The Skibbereen Community Services Campus, operated by the Health Service Executive is located to<br />
the north <strong>of</strong> the town, just outside the study area on the R593. This facility includes the County<br />
Hospital, ambulance base, mental health services and a day care centre. The main access to this<br />
facility from the town centre is via Mill Road which is prone to flooding.<br />
Currently, significant numbers <strong>of</strong> properties and facilities classed as highly vulnerable land uses and<br />
developments in Skibbereen are susceptible to flooding. These include significant residential areas,<br />
as discussed above, other premises that are occupied by people overnight such as the Eldon Hotel,<br />
facilities required to remain operational during flood events, such as the Fire Station on Marsh Road<br />
and the access road to the ambulance base, and schools such as St. Fachtna’s de la Salle.<br />
While other uses are considered, ‘less vulnerable’ in the context <strong>of</strong> flood risk management, flood<br />
impacts can regardless be costly and traumatic events for occupants and owners. The study area<br />
contains many retail, commercial, industrial and leisure buildings, a bus depot and agricultural lands,<br />
which all fall under this vulnerability category. The study area also contains ‘water-compatible’ uses<br />
such as recreational facilities, for example, playing pitches and changing rooms associated with the<br />
town’s rugby (Skibbereen RFC), soccer and GAA (O’Donovan Rossa) clubs. The town’s playground<br />
and Showgrounds are susceptible to flooding.<br />
3 Ref: The Planning System and Flood Risk Management: Guidelines for Planning Authorities – See Chapter 5<br />
Planning Context for Further Details.<br />
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 6-11 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Some <strong>of</strong> the land uses extant within Skibbereen are concentrated in clusters. Educational facilities<br />
are concentrated at the northeast <strong>of</strong> the town. Open space and recreational facilities are located<br />
primarily to the north <strong>of</strong> the town. Clusters <strong>of</strong> industrial and commercial activity are discussed above<br />
under employment.<br />
A large tract <strong>of</strong> land to the north <strong>of</strong> the River Ilen and town centre has not been developed due to<br />
historic flooding, this area is locally known as the Marsh area.<br />
There is an existing riverside walkway, forming part <strong>of</strong> the town’s Slí na Sláinte walking route at the<br />
western side <strong>of</strong> the town, along the southern bank <strong>of</strong> the Ilen; the route lies north <strong>of</strong> housing<br />
developments such as Inis Álainn, Newbridge Park and Riverdale Estate and is used regularly.<br />
There are formal and obvious access points to the river located at Levis’ Quay (steps), the West Cork<br />
Hotel (steps and pontoon) and north <strong>of</strong> the Flax Mills housing development (slipway). 4 There are also<br />
likely to be less obvious and informal access points to the river.<br />
6.3.4 Health and Safety Aspects<br />
Currently significant areas <strong>of</strong> Skibbereen are prone to flooding. Flood events have implications for<br />
human health and safety. The study area’s communities are at risk <strong>of</strong> injury or illness during flood<br />
events, including those trapped in flooded buildings, wading through floodwaters and those employed<br />
in the emergency services and volunteer groups.<br />
No works are proposed to current road safety barriers along the town’s relief road.<br />
number <strong>of</strong> life buoys located adjacent the rivers within the study area.<br />
There are a<br />
6.4 POTENTIAL IMPACTS<br />
6.4.1 Construction Phase<br />
6.4.1.1 Demography and Employment<br />
Population<br />
The construction phase <strong>of</strong> the proposed development does not have the potential to materially impact<br />
on population levels or the pr<strong>of</strong>ile <strong>of</strong> the local population. A number <strong>of</strong> construction workers may<br />
move into the area on a temporary basis for the duration <strong>of</strong> the construction phase, i.e. over 24<br />
months. This could have a slight short-term positive impact for local businesses and<br />
accommodation providers but is not likely to impact on population levels.<br />
Employment Status<br />
It is expected that the construction <strong>of</strong> the River Ilen Drainage Scheme will be for a duration <strong>of</strong> 24<br />
months. It is not known at this stage how many jobs will be created, however employment will be<br />
4 Note this was roped <strong>of</strong>f on date <strong>of</strong> site inspection and does not appear to be frequently used.<br />
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 6-12 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
generated directly by the proposed scheme. Additionally, some existing employment is likely to be<br />
supported through local spending generated by construction workers, e.g. on fuel, food, building<br />
supplies, haulage services etc. This will generate a slight positive short-term impact, particularly in<br />
the context <strong>of</strong> the downturn in construction employment locally and nationally in recent years.<br />
Some disruption to existing businesses may arise during the construction period, due to works close<br />
to premises, road closures etc., however this will be for a temporary period only and no significant<br />
impacts such as job losses due to this construction phase are likely. <strong>Impact</strong>s are likely to be neutral.<br />
Overall a slight positive short-term impact on employment is predicted.<br />
6.4.1.2 Community and Population Groupings<br />
Resident Population<br />
The construction <strong>of</strong> the proposed development will give rise to some disruption for the resident<br />
population. The construction phase is likely to involve works including pile driving, excavation, placing<br />
<strong>of</strong> cast in situ concrete, placing <strong>of</strong> pipes and masonry facing along with other construction processes<br />
as set out in Section 2.3 and 2.4 <strong>of</strong> this EIS. Potential impacts include construction noise, and issues<br />
with dust and vibration, arising from the construction processes and from associated construction<br />
traffic. Also there is likely to be disruption to vehicular and pedestrian traffic due to works under or<br />
adjacent public roads (culverting at two locations on the R593, U-box construction on the Caol Stream<br />
between Levis’ Quay and the bridge at the southern end <strong>of</strong> Market St., embankment construction,<br />
drainage works, sheet piling on the Caol Stream etc.) the movement <strong>of</strong> construction vehicles and<br />
potential road closures or requirements for signalling during culverting, regrading and drainage works.<br />
Visual amenities for the resident population will be impacted upon by the presence <strong>of</strong> plant and<br />
security fencing and the nature <strong>of</strong> the works being undertaken. Such impacts on the resident<br />
population as a group are predicted to be moderate temporary adverse impacts and intermittently,<br />
may be significant in particular locations.<br />
Temporary disruption to amenity uses in parts <strong>of</strong> the river is also anticipated; this is covered in more<br />
detail in the discussion on the Visiting Community below.<br />
<strong>Impact</strong>s will arise particularly to the residential amenities <strong>of</strong> the occupants <strong>of</strong> specific residential<br />
properties within the study area where some <strong>of</strong> the proposed flood defences are to be constructed on<br />
or adjacent residential properties (i.e. embankments constructed within residents gardens).<br />
Residents predicted to be most affected by construction works and associated impacts are those on<br />
or adjacent whose lands elements <strong>of</strong> the proposed flood defence scheme are to be constructed.<br />
These are as follows:-<br />
• Residents <strong>of</strong> dwelling houses on the Baltimore Road, where embankments are to be<br />
constructed in front gardens (3 no. properties).<br />
• Residents <strong>of</strong> dwelling houses on the Baltimore Road and fronting onto the local road to west <strong>of</strong><br />
same, where flood walls or embankments are to be constructed in rear gardens.<br />
• Residents <strong>of</strong> Market Street where a walled channel is to be provided within the Caol Stream at<br />
the rear boundary <strong>of</strong> residential properties.<br />
• Residents <strong>of</strong> The Flax Mills, where flood walls and embankments are to be constructed<br />
(Numbers 1-10 particularly).<br />
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 6-13 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
• Residents <strong>of</strong> properties on the western side <strong>of</strong> North street where a significant embankment,<br />
floodwall and stone revetment is to be constructed in the Ilen.<br />
• Residents <strong>of</strong> Mill Road where flood walls and embankments are to be constructed adjacent<br />
residential properties (c.8 properties).<br />
• Residents <strong>of</strong> a dwelling on the Cork Road, where an embankment is to be constructed to the<br />
rear <strong>of</strong> a residential premises (1 no. dwelling house).<br />
• Residents <strong>of</strong> Upper Bridge St., where a flood wall is to be constructed (c.2 properties in<br />
particular).<br />
Predicted impacts include temporary loss <strong>of</strong> residential amenity through construction noise, vibration<br />
and dust, temporary loss <strong>of</strong> use <strong>of</strong> part <strong>of</strong> private gardens in places (particularly residential properties<br />
on Baltimore Road), temporary loss <strong>of</strong> privacy through the presence <strong>of</strong> construction workers and<br />
impacts on visual amenity within private properties while works are in progress. Some localised<br />
removal <strong>of</strong> trees and planting will also be required. Cumulatively, these impacts are considered to be<br />
moderate to significant temporary adverse impacts. However, this must be considered in terms <strong>of</strong><br />
the operational impacts on these properties, which will benefit from the provision <strong>of</strong> the overall<br />
Drainage Scheme .<br />
Working Population<br />
The sources <strong>of</strong> potential impact during the construction phase are generally similar to those likely to<br />
be experienced by the resident population, i.e. primarily noise, dust and vibration from the<br />
construction process and construction traffic, disruption to movement and circulation due to traffic<br />
management measures (including road closures) and construction traffic, disruption to public parking<br />
areas that are likely to be used by employees and customers <strong>of</strong> town centre businesses and visual<br />
impacts due to the construction process and the presence <strong>of</strong> temporary plant and temporary<br />
hoardings. ‘Visibility/Prominence’ <strong>of</strong> commercial premises and access to some properties may be<br />
impacted upon during the construction phase. <strong>Impact</strong>s are anticipated to be moderate to<br />
significant, temporary, short-term.<br />
Potential effects on particular individual premises and properties accommodating workers are<br />
discussed under land use.<br />
Visiting Population<br />
Visitors will experience some disruption during the construction period, due to construction related<br />
process and activities(noise, dust, vibration, construction traffic movements, temporary access<br />
arrangements in the study area due to road closures etc.) in the same manner as residents and<br />
workers, though the visiting community will experience these impacts for a much shorter time period.<br />
Works will not be continuous over all areas where construction activity is required during the two-year<br />
period. Views <strong>of</strong> the river from the town (the river being an important amenity feature in this regard)<br />
will be impacted temporarily where works, including in-stream works are being carried out (See<br />
Chapter 9 Landscape and Visual <strong>Impact</strong> Assessment). Generally impacts are anticipated to be<br />
short-term, moderate and negative.<br />
Visitors availing <strong>of</strong> tourist facilities within and around the town may experience some disruption during<br />
their stay in locations where works are being carried out. For example, works will need to be carried<br />
out at or adjacent the West Cork Hotel, the Heritage Centre, the Eldon Hotel, The Hideaway Camping<br />
& Caravan Park and some bars and restaurants.<br />
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 6-14 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Activities at the Heritage Centre will be carried out adjacent to construction work activities and visitors<br />
may experience some noise, dust and vibration; where a wall is to be provided. The orientation <strong>of</strong> the<br />
visitor centre access should keep impacts to slight-moderate, negative and temporary.<br />
Visitors to the West Cork Hotel are also likely to be inconvenienced and experience disruption during<br />
the construction process; particularly given that the enjoyment <strong>of</strong> the seating and amenity<br />
area/boardwalk within the hotel grounds is premised upon its riverside location. <strong>Impact</strong>s are<br />
anticipated to be slight-moderate, negative and temporary<br />
A wall is to be constructed at the rear <strong>of</strong> the Eldon Hotel car park and temporary disruption due to<br />
construction processes here is likely to arise impacting on visitors in a slight temporary negative<br />
manner.<br />
An embankment is to be constructed at The Hideaway Camping & Caravan Park, this could have<br />
temporary, moderate, negative impacts on visitors to the site in terms <strong>of</strong> noise, dust and conflict with<br />
construction traffic as well as the loss <strong>of</strong> riverside amenity.<br />
Construction activities will impact negatively (temporary, moderate) on the terrace <strong>of</strong> the Riverside<br />
Café where an outdoor seating area overlooks the river.<br />
Visitors utilising the town’s amenity walk (Slí na Sláinte route) and/or the cycle routes based in the<br />
town will experience disruption when construction activities are being carried out in the areas where<br />
these are located. Pedestrian routes and cycle routes will be affected for only relatively short<br />
distances at the start and finish <strong>of</strong> loops and minor inconvenience on a temporary basis only is likely<br />
to occur. These are considered to be temporary, slight, negative impacts.<br />
Visiting anglers may be inconvenienced while works are ongoing; this is considered an unavoidable<br />
temporary impact <strong>of</strong> a slight magnitude given the numbers involved. Chapter 7 Aquatic Flora<br />
and Fauna provides further detail on impacts to fisheries.<br />
6.4.1.3 Land Use<br />
Construction works may affect land uses within the study area through temporary landtake for<br />
construction purposes, temporary severance <strong>of</strong> particular land areas to facilitate construction works<br />
and temporary access restrictions (access to land uses, including amenity areas, and to the river may<br />
be affected).<br />
Land uses occurring within the study area are set out above under the description <strong>of</strong> the existing<br />
environment. The most sensitive land uses likely to be affected during construction are residential<br />
units, hotels and other tourist amenities, and schools.<br />
<strong>Impact</strong>s on hotels and tourist amenities are considered for the most part under the Visiting<br />
Community.<br />
Amenity and recreation uses to be affected by construction works include the Showgrounds, the<br />
grounds <strong>of</strong> the Skibbereen RFC, the town soccer pitches, the playing pitch associated with St.<br />
Fachtna’s de la Salle and the O’Donovan Rossa GAA grounds. The operations <strong>of</strong> the various sports<br />
clubs could be disrupted during the relevant playing seasons. A public seating area (separate to the<br />
sports facilities) north <strong>of</strong> the Ilen on the Schull road will be unavailable for use during the construction<br />
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 6-15 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
<strong>of</strong> a flood wall in this location and part <strong>of</strong> an embankment adjacent. The use <strong>of</strong> the sports pitches and<br />
showgrounds is not continuous and avoidance <strong>of</strong> construction during events such as matches can<br />
minimise impacts. Overall impacts are expected to be temporary, slight and negative.<br />
Retail and commercial facilities, particularly those in the town centre will be affected by disruption to<br />
traffic circulation during road closures and works to areas such as the insertion <strong>of</strong> the U-box into the<br />
Caol Stream from Levis’ Quay to the upstream bridges. This disruption to access and temporary land<br />
take in public parking areas will impact workers and customers. This will occur for a temporary period<br />
only and is considered an unavoidable slight to moderate adverse impact.<br />
Particular premises are likely to be subject to temporary landtake for construction, for example the Lidl<br />
outlet on the Baltimore Road, commercial premises on North Street and Bridge Street and industrial<br />
premises between Market Street and the Baltimore Road roundabout on the Marsh Road. However,<br />
where working room is tight, access for construction will be from platforms within the river. Thus<br />
construction land take will be limited to areas where suitable space is available. <strong>Impact</strong>s will be slight<br />
to moderate, temporary and negative.<br />
Some flood relief measures are to be located on agricultural lands and accordingly limited areas <strong>of</strong><br />
agricultural land will be affected during the construction phase; impacts will be temporary, slight and<br />
negative.<br />
Construction traffic could conflict with traffic generated by uses such as schools. Works are proposed<br />
to be carried out adjacent St. Fachtna’s de la Salle and the access road to the other secondary<br />
schools in the town (Mercy Heights and Rossa College) and on lands across the road from<br />
Abbeystrowery N.S. <strong>Impact</strong>s predicted will be temporary, negative and moderate.<br />
Water based uses will also be affected temporarily during construction; and some works, particularly<br />
in-stream works, will affect activities <strong>of</strong> anglers (see Visiting Community above and Chapter 7<br />
Aquatic Flora and Fauna) <strong>of</strong> the rowing club, particularly those works in the area around John F.<br />
Kennedy Bridge. However, as previously stated, works will not be ongoing in all areas for the entire 2-<br />
year construction period and the impacts are considered to be temporary, negative and slight to<br />
moderate.<br />
Access points to the river will be unavailable for use in certain areas during the construction process;<br />
these include the steps at Levis’ Quay during the construction <strong>of</strong> the adjacent wall, the slip north <strong>of</strong><br />
the Flax Mills from the commencement <strong>of</strong> construction <strong>of</strong> the wall and flood gate and the steps to the<br />
pontoon at the West Cork Hotel from the commencement <strong>of</strong> the construction <strong>of</strong> the adjacent wall.<br />
These are unavoidable temporary moderate adverse impacts, although it should be noted that<br />
some <strong>of</strong> these access points will be unavailable on a permanent basis and this is detailed below<br />
under Operational Stage <strong>Impact</strong>s.<br />
6.4.1.4 Health and Safety Aspects<br />
The construction process has the potential to impact on the health and safety <strong>of</strong> two groups;<br />
construction workers and members <strong>of</strong> the public. Where possible, construction access will be taken<br />
from the riverbank, however where working space is restricted on the landside, it will be necessary to<br />
construct temporary working platforms within the river channel. Masonry facing to flood walls may<br />
also be carried out from in-stream temporary working platforms. In-stream works such as river bed<br />
regrading and bridge regrading, as well as the construction <strong>of</strong> the walled channel within the Caol<br />
Stream, will need to be carried out from within the watercourse. Works will therefore be undertaken in<br />
and adjacent the river and its tributaries in and close to a busy urban environment. Works on and<br />
adjacent public roads will also be required and public safety must be considered accordingly.<br />
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 6-16 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
The construction <strong>of</strong> the proposed new flood relief infrastructure will be carried out under the<br />
supervision <strong>of</strong> a Project Supervisor Construction Stage (PSCS) in accordance with Heath and Safety<br />
Regulations. The PSCS will manage and co-ordinate health and safety matters during the<br />
construction stage in accordance with the provisions and requirements <strong>of</strong> the Safety, Health and<br />
Welfare at Work (Construction) Regulations, 2006. The PSCS will be appointed before the<br />
construction work begins and will remain in that position until all construction work on the project is<br />
completed. All work, including in-stream works and works within, under or adjacent the public road<br />
will also be managed in this regard. Generally, any potential adverse impacts regarding health and<br />
safety issues at construction stage are considered to be temporary and slight at most given the<br />
requirement to adhere to relevant Health and Safety Regulations during construction.<br />
A reduction in the number or lack <strong>of</strong> accessibility to life buoys <strong>of</strong> such features could have significant<br />
adverse impacts. This could result in a temporary significant negative impact should a potential<br />
drowning incident occur in the absence <strong>of</strong> a life buoy in the vicinity <strong>of</strong> a life saving device location.<br />
6.4.2 Operational Phase<br />
6.4.2.1 Demography and Employment<br />
Population Levels<br />
There are a significant number <strong>of</strong> residential properties located within the town centre and its environs<br />
which are currently subject to flooding, according to the RPS Flood Study Zone mapping (See Figure<br />
1.2). These residential areas are described above in Section 6.3.2 and will benefit from the proposed<br />
scheme. Severe flood events occurred within the town in November 2009 and December 2010.<br />
Other flood events <strong>of</strong> significance occurred in 1986 (severe) and 1982, 1975, 1974, 1969 (less<br />
severe). Frequent flooding was recorded in the 1940s and 1950s. Given that flood water damage<br />
can render homes inhabitable for a temporary or even permanent period, repeated serious flood<br />
events could reduce population levels in parts <strong>of</strong> the town prone to regular flooding, in the event that a<br />
Drainage Scheme is not put in place. Information provided from the insurance industry confirms that<br />
2% <strong>of</strong> the Irish population are currently excluded from flood cover; flood cover is unlikely to be<br />
provided by insurance companies following one serious (or two minor) flood events that impact a<br />
property. 5 This represents an economic deterrent to those living in or considering relocating to a<br />
residential property in an area susceptible to flooding.<br />
The development <strong>of</strong> the proposed Drainage Scheme has the potential to generate a significant<br />
positive long-term impact in this regard, as it could help to maintain existing population and<br />
furthermore might attract additional population to residential areas <strong>of</strong> the study area if concerns<br />
relating to floodrisk are allayed. Furthermore, as discussed in Chapter 5 Strategic and Statutory<br />
Planning Context, the development <strong>of</strong> this Drainage Scheme will reduce the risk <strong>of</strong> flooding on<br />
residentially zoned lands.<br />
At operational stage, maintenance and repair work will be carried out as necessary but this is<br />
anticipated to be infrequent and therefore does not have the potential to impact on population levels<br />
through the attraction <strong>of</strong> a related permanent workforce to the study area.<br />
Overall, impacts on population are expected to be positive, long-term and significant in that<br />
reduced risk, uncertainty and trauma associated with flood events should help retain existing<br />
population and possibly support increases in the population <strong>of</strong> the study area.<br />
5 Source: Irish Insurance Federation and Media Reports (September 2012).<br />
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 6-17 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Employment Status<br />
The Office <strong>of</strong> Public Works is obliged to maintain flood relief and drainage schemes in proper repair<br />
and in an effective condition. Works such as clearance <strong>of</strong> obstructions, repair or rebuilding <strong>of</strong><br />
embankments and prevention <strong>of</strong> erosion will need to be carried out as required, for example on a six<br />
year cycle, with needs determined based on annual inspection. However, the works are not expected<br />
to be significant or to require a large number <strong>of</strong> workers for a significant period. Therefore, the<br />
potential for any material changes to employment levels in the area based on physical works<br />
requirements is considered low and in any case, impacts would be positive.<br />
The overriding impact <strong>of</strong> the proposed scheme at operational stage for employment is expected to be<br />
the improved certainty for operators <strong>of</strong> businesses in parts <strong>of</strong> the study area that are currently prone<br />
to flooding. The reduction <strong>of</strong> the risk <strong>of</strong> flooding in the locations identified will reduce incidences <strong>of</strong><br />
flood damage to premises, goods, and services such as telephones and IT facilities, thus reducing<br />
clean-up costs and insurance premiums and preventing the need for businesses in the town to close<br />
either temporarily or permanently to remediate properties. Businesses experience the same<br />
difficulties in obtaining flood insurance cover as residential properties, which are discussed above.<br />
This should result in the retention <strong>of</strong> existing jobs.<br />
A reduction in the occurrence <strong>of</strong> flood damage to businesses should improve investor confidence in<br />
Skibbereen as a location. This should encourage new businesses to establish and allow expansions<br />
which might otherwise have been deferred or cancelled on foot <strong>of</strong> uncertainty regarding flooding.<br />
These are potential positive impacts.<br />
Employment is not expected to be negatively affected by any factors at operational stage; no land<br />
take proposed is expected to impede the future continuance <strong>of</strong> existing economic activity.<br />
On the whole, predicted impacts for employment as a result <strong>of</strong> the proposed Drainage Scheme are<br />
expected to be moderate, positive and long-term. While no materially significant change in<br />
employment is to be generated by the operation <strong>of</strong> the flood relief measures themselves, improved<br />
certainty in the business environment, reduced costs associated with clean up operations and<br />
improved opportunities to obtain flood cover from the insurance industry should assist businesses in<br />
continuing operations in the study area, thus reducing a threat to existing jobs and encouraging the<br />
establishment <strong>of</strong> new businesses.<br />
6.4.2.2 Community and Population Groupings<br />
Resident Population<br />
The proposed scheme will protect approximately 170 residential properties from flood risk during a 1<br />
in 200 year flood event. Therefore the scheme will have a significant positive impact on residents<br />
through the reduction <strong>of</strong> risk from serious flooding events to homes; this will reduce financial costs<br />
incurred following flood damage to homes and gardens, difficulties arising in obtaining insurance<br />
cover and occurrences <strong>of</strong> displacement from homes and the associated disruption and stress with<br />
such an impact. Therefore, economic and health benefits are likely to occur. The proposed<br />
development has the potential to create significant long-term positive impacts for the residential<br />
population as a group.<br />
The quality and appearance <strong>of</strong> the urban environment and the retention <strong>of</strong> businesses, services,<br />
amenities and associated employment are also likely to result in positive impacts for residents <strong>of</strong> the<br />
area.<br />
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 6-18 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
The proposed scheme may result in some imperceptible to moderate negative impacts for some<br />
individual residents, through the physical and visual changes to property boundaries or other parts <strong>of</strong><br />
properties. There is likely to be loss <strong>of</strong> planting and trees on private residential properties along parts<br />
<strong>of</strong> the proposed scheme route. For example, adjacent the Assolas Stream (i.e. Assolas 4 and<br />
Assolas 5 in Chapter 2 Project Description), and along the Caol Stream, particularly where works<br />
are to be carried out at the section described as Caol 1. However, where walls are to be provided<br />
within or adjacent to such private residential properties a high quality <strong>of</strong> masonry finish is proposed<br />
and where embankments are proposed, these are to be seeded with grass. While some negative<br />
impacts could arise at individual properties where flood defences are to be constructed, it is set out as<br />
part <strong>of</strong> the Outline Construction Methodology (Chapter 2 Project Description) that lands entered on<br />
or disturbed during construction will be reinstated to their original condition upon completion <strong>of</strong> the<br />
main works; landscaping is to take place following construction in a manner appropriate to each area.<br />
This will mitigate against any material negative impacts at operational stage. The OPW will have the<br />
right to enter private residential properties to inspect and maintain the flood defences in future. This<br />
could have impacts such as further temporary damage to gardens, loss <strong>of</strong> privacy and residential<br />
amenity for temporary periods, etc.<br />
Notwithstanding same, the residential properties where flood defences are to be constructed will<br />
benefit from the works to be carried out by way <strong>of</strong> protection from future flood events. This will also<br />
outweigh impacts arising from any future requirement for access for inspection or maintenance.<br />
Therefore the overriding impact on the residential population will be significant, long-term and<br />
positive impact.<br />
Working Population<br />
As discussed above in relation to employment, many <strong>of</strong> the town’s working community will see a<br />
significant positive impact due to reduction in severity and occurrence <strong>of</strong> flood events. The proposed<br />
scheme will protect 136 non-residential properties from flood risk during a 1 in 200 year flood event.<br />
The risk <strong>of</strong> flood damage to properties, stock, telecommunications and other infrastructure, will be<br />
reduced in areas <strong>of</strong> the town where commerce is centred, such as the town centre south <strong>of</strong> the Ilen<br />
along the Caol Stream and the industrial units north <strong>of</strong> the town on Marsh Road. This will reduce<br />
incidences <strong>of</strong> temporary or permanent closure <strong>of</strong> business premises and the associated disruption<br />
and stress to the working community. The development <strong>of</strong> the Drainage Scheme for the River Ilen<br />
and its tributaries has the potential to generate increased certainty among business owners and their<br />
employees in terms <strong>of</strong> the trading environment in the town, thus improving the likelihood <strong>of</strong> job<br />
security. The scheme will reduce the burden <strong>of</strong> the financial costs <strong>of</strong> closures, which is particularly<br />
relevant in the current economic climate, where business operating environments are already<br />
constrained. Repeat occurrences <strong>of</strong> flood damage can hinder the ability to obtain insurance cover and<br />
prevent a business from recovering from a serious flood event and recommencing trading. The likely<br />
improvements in certainty <strong>of</strong> business operating conditions can have an important positive impact on<br />
town centre appearance, vibrancy and vitality. The proposed Drainage Scheme is anticipated to<br />
have a significant positive impact on the working population <strong>of</strong> Skibbereen at operational stage by<br />
reducing flood risk and associated effects on the working community.<br />
The proposed scheme will generally alter the appearance <strong>of</strong> the study area in places, which will be<br />
visible to the working community. Landscaping appropriate to the area will be carried out during<br />
reinstatement works. Visual impact is discussed in Chapter 9 Landscape and Visual <strong>Impact</strong><br />
Assessment.<br />
Outside <strong>of</strong> the town, some displacement <strong>of</strong> flood waters is expected to occur, however it is anticipated<br />
that this will be limited to the holding <strong>of</strong> additional flood waters within existing flood plains. No land<br />
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 6-19 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
uses considered as ‘highly vulnerable’ under current flood risk guidelines are anticipated to be<br />
affected; however, some disruption to the farming community in upstream locations may occur. This<br />
would be considered a slight negative long-term impact given that the areas affected are to be<br />
existing flood plains.<br />
Visiting Population<br />
A number <strong>of</strong> facilities located within the study area will benefit from the proposed Drainage Scheme<br />
as they are currently prone to flooding. These include the Skibbereen Heritage Centre on Upper<br />
Bridge St., the Eldon Hotel, the car park <strong>of</strong> the West Cork Hotel and a number <strong>of</strong> bars and<br />
restaurants. The site <strong>of</strong> the proposed new West Cork Arts Centre is also currently susceptible to<br />
flooding. The scheme therefore has the potential to result in a significant positive impact for<br />
visitors to the town, who currently risk disruption to their activities and enjoyment due to flood events.<br />
The proposed reduction <strong>of</strong> town centre flood damage occurrence should facilitate improvements in<br />
the quality <strong>of</strong> the urban environment, including an improvement in the appearance <strong>of</strong> buildings in the<br />
traditional townscape and knock-on effects such as reductions in vacancy rates. This should improve<br />
or at least maintain the attractiveness <strong>of</strong> Skibbereen as a place to visit.<br />
<strong>Impact</strong>s on visiting anglers could arise due to interference with fish levels at operational stage arising<br />
from loss <strong>of</strong> habitat due to the existence <strong>of</strong> the proposed structures or impeded movements <strong>of</strong> fish<br />
through culverts for example. Research indicates that no commercial salmon or sea trout were<br />
caught on the River Ilen during 2010 (according to the latest published data from Inland Fisheries<br />
Ireland). The Ilen river’s attractiveness for angling is not as strong as other rivers in the area, such as<br />
the Bandon. This suggests that any impacts arising are likely to be slight to moderate in terms <strong>of</strong> the<br />
numbers <strong>of</strong> visitors affected. However, from consultation with local anglers, the IFI and NPWS as set<br />
out in Chapter 7 Aquatic Flora and Fauna, and findings outlined therein that advise that angling is<br />
carried out in the area, that the river is <strong>of</strong> national importance and is an important salmonid fishery, it<br />
is clear that there is potential for adverse impacts on angling.<br />
In terms <strong>of</strong> activity at Lough Abisdealy, a walled channel is proposed at the Caol Stream (this<br />
replaces an earlier culvert proposal). This proposal has been discussed with the IFI, and there have<br />
been no objections raised. The channel will be designed to be “fish-friendly”, and a thalweg will be<br />
provided within the channel to emulate the existing streambed features in so far as possible. No<br />
impact (Neutral) on activity at Lough Abisdealy is envisaged.<br />
Some flood defences have the potential to impact negatively on the visiting community. Flood walls<br />
are proposed to the north <strong>of</strong> the Heritage Centre and the West Cork Hotel and an embankment with a<br />
wall is proposed adjacent the rear terrace <strong>of</strong> the Riverside Cafe on North Street. These structures<br />
could interfere with the attractive visual connection with the river at these locations.<br />
No significant changes in outlook from the Heritage Centre are proposed; the wall at this location will<br />
be relatively low. <strong>Impact</strong> at operational stage is expected to be positive overall.<br />
The works adjacent the West Cork Hotel will impact on the current enjoyment <strong>of</strong> the riverside location<br />
by hotel visitors. However, views to the river are to remain. Seating will be available on the riverside<br />
<strong>of</strong> the proposed wall. Operational stage impacts on this property in this respect are considered likely<br />
to be neutral (see also Land Use below).<br />
A walled channel is to be constructed adjacent the site for the proposed new West Cork Arts Centre,<br />
this has replaced an earlier proposal for culverting at this location. The current proposal, while the<br />
river will remain open, will involve the construction <strong>of</strong> walls ranging from 1.2 m to 1.6 m high in relation<br />
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 6-20 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
to the level <strong>of</strong> the adjacent roads and car park, thus representing a change to the visual relationship <strong>of</strong><br />
this area with the river. However river views will remain, particularly from the proposed cantilevered<br />
first floor and as the site is currently susceptible to flooding, the overall impact on this property is<br />
expected to be moderate, positive and long-term.<br />
Views <strong>of</strong> flood defences along scenic routes, such as the N71 towards Ballydehob and Schull, from<br />
approach roads into the town such as Mill Road and from central areas such as publicly accessible<br />
areas beside the Caol Stream have the potential to impact on the visual amenities <strong>of</strong> visitors.<br />
However, a high quality masonry finish is proposed to be provided where appropriate and<br />
embankments are proposed to be seeded with grass. Visual impact is discussed in detail in Chapter<br />
9 Landscape and Visual <strong>Impact</strong> Assessment.<br />
Overall, a significant long-term positive impact is expected for the visiting community at operational<br />
stage as the risk <strong>of</strong> disruption to holidays and business trips through flooding <strong>of</strong> accommodation,<br />
restaurants and entertainment venues, visitor facilities and generally around footpaths and roads in<br />
the study area will be reduced.<br />
6.4.2.3 Land Use<br />
As discussed throughout this chapter, it is clear that a significant number <strong>of</strong> land uses within the study<br />
area will benefit from the proposed Drainage Scheme . These include residential, industrial,<br />
commercial, retail, educational, social and community, and amenity and recreational land uses.<br />
Given the number <strong>of</strong> activities and scale <strong>of</strong> lands affected, the reduction <strong>of</strong> flood impacts on these<br />
land uses, is likely to be a significant long-term positive impact.<br />
Where feasible the scheme as proposed will maintain open areas, including the existing flood plain,<br />
for the storage and conveyance <strong>of</strong> flood waters. It will provide additional and secured capacity within<br />
a flood plain to store waters in the event <strong>of</strong> a 1 in 200 year flood. Any displacement <strong>of</strong> flood waters to<br />
new areas is to be limited to the holding <strong>of</strong> additional flood waters in existing floodplains. No highly<br />
vulnerable land uses are anticipated to be affected. However, there could be impacts on agricultural<br />
operations at these locations.<br />
There will be some land take which will affect users <strong>of</strong> particular parts <strong>of</strong> the study area. Land take<br />
will predominantly be from public areas. There will be limited loss <strong>of</strong> public amenity however.<br />
At Upper Bridge Street, a low wall is proposed to be provided relative to the level <strong>of</strong> the boardwalk<br />
adjacent the town’s Heritage Centre (Ilen 4 – note levels provided in Chapter 2 Project Description<br />
refer to car park level as opposed to boardwalk); this will not impede existing views and the boardwalk<br />
will be replaced as necessary. The Heritage Centre will benefit from the proposed Drainage Scheme.<br />
Any land take <strong>of</strong> private property in this area will be limited as ground conditions in public areas are<br />
favourable. Furthermore, properties east <strong>of</strong> the Heritage Centre will also benefit from the proposed<br />
scheme.<br />
An embankment and wall is proposed to be provided to the rear <strong>of</strong> properties on North Street (Ilen 9).<br />
These structures will be carried out within the river bed where possible and channel widening will be<br />
carried out on the opposite side <strong>of</strong> the river. There may be some requirements for land take <strong>of</strong> private<br />
property at this location should obstacles to the current proposals be encountered at detailed site<br />
investigation stage. The exact extent will be determined following detailed site investigation;<br />
consultation will be carried out with the relevant landowners and compensatory measures put in place<br />
as necessary. Landowners in this location, where they currently enjoy access to the river bank and<br />
the amenity afforded by views <strong>of</strong> same, will lose this connection. However, these properties will<br />
benefit from a reduced risk <strong>of</strong> flooding.<br />
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 6-21 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
A small portion <strong>of</strong> the car park and planted area to the west <strong>of</strong> the library will be used for an<br />
embankment (Ilen 9), however a considerable amount <strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong>f-street parking is available in the town<br />
(e.g., former Mart site, rear <strong>of</strong> Super Valu) and a further car park is proposed at The Marsh.<br />
An embankment is proposed to be provided on the grounds <strong>of</strong> St. Fachtna’s de la Salle secondary<br />
school (Ilen 10). The use <strong>of</strong> the playing fields in terms <strong>of</strong> layout will not be affected by the proposed<br />
embankment; however access from the school buildings to the south will be impacted by the<br />
proposed embankment in this location, which could sever the built-up area <strong>of</strong> the site from its<br />
associated green area. It is noted that a new secondary school is to be constructed in Skibbereen,<br />
however at the time <strong>of</strong> writing this existing school is operational. The severity <strong>of</strong> potential impact is<br />
lessened by the fact that the site will cease to be an operational school however any severance may<br />
limit the nature <strong>of</strong> future uses here. In this regard, provision will be made for movement between the<br />
two areas <strong>of</strong> the site at detailed design stage. Overall, the impact on the property is anticipated to be<br />
positive in that the buildings will benefit from a reduction in flood risk.<br />
An embankment will be provided within the Skibbereen RFC grounds (Ilen 11) which will affect part <strong>of</strong><br />
the existing pitch. The current configuration will need to be amended. It is noted that this pitch is not<br />
the sole playing pitch used by Skibbereen RFC. The RFC Clubhouse will benefit from flood relief<br />
works as part <strong>of</strong> this Drainage Scheme . Overall, there is potential for a slight to moderate negative<br />
impact.<br />
An embankment will be located on incidental lands associated with playing pitches accessed from the<br />
Marsh Road (Ilen 13); this will not however affect pitch layout or access.<br />
Some limited land take will be required to the rear <strong>of</strong> industrial premises on the Baltimore Road (Caol<br />
2); existing security fences will be retained or replaced as appropriate.<br />
An embankment is proposed to be constructed at The Hideaway Camping & Caravan Park site on the<br />
Castletownsend Road (Caol 4). Current proposals for an embankment have implications for the<br />
layout and use <strong>of</strong> the site. There are approximately 12 no. caravan pitches along the south eastern<br />
boundary <strong>of</strong> the overall site. Screen planting is also evident in this location which is considered<br />
relevant from the context <strong>of</strong> amenity <strong>of</strong> the site for users. The proposed embankment will be<br />
provided along this side <strong>of</strong> the property and will result in the need to locally alter the layout <strong>of</strong> this<br />
facility. This is considered a permanent significant impact on the operation <strong>of</strong> the existing land use<br />
in this location.<br />
An embankment is proposed to be provided along the northern boundary <strong>of</strong> the Showgrounds (Show<br />
3), which will change the current pr<strong>of</strong>ile <strong>of</strong> that part <strong>of</strong> this site and while shown just north <strong>of</strong> the<br />
parade ring could have implications for the current parade ring layout and usage, along with impacts<br />
on circulation within the site. The embankment will be 1.5 m high above existing ground level at its<br />
maximum height. Given its location adjacent the parade ring which has also been used for trotting<br />
and sulkey racing, this may be <strong>of</strong> benefit to the owners from the perspective <strong>of</strong> its potential as a<br />
viewing area, if the embankment is designed in such a manner as to allow public access on an<br />
occasional basis. Notwithstanding that the entire showgrounds will benefit from reduced risk <strong>of</strong><br />
flooding, and the potential to design this embankment to a standard suitable for use as a public<br />
viewing area, the predicted impact is considered moderate, negative and permanent given the<br />
nature and frequency <strong>of</strong> the usage <strong>of</strong> the site.<br />
A number <strong>of</strong> agricultural holdings will be affected by landtake by embankments. These include areas<br />
affected by works at the Mill Stream (Mill 1 and 2), River Ilen (Ilen 2, Ilen 11 (part <strong>of</strong>), Ilen 13), the<br />
Showgrounds Stream (Show 4) and the Assolas Stream (Assolas 3). This will impact on usage <strong>of</strong><br />
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 6-22 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
these fields by the owner(s), as livestock will not be permitted to graze on the proposed<br />
embankments. While the embankments will generally be located on headlands as close to the public<br />
road boundary as possible, to minimise loss <strong>of</strong> usable ground for agriculture, there will ultimately be a<br />
reduction in the usable area available to the property owners. Stock pro<strong>of</strong> fencing will be required to<br />
replace existing field boundaries and on areas where animals grazing can cause damage to<br />
embankments. Compensation may be deemed appropriate provided for loss <strong>of</strong> use <strong>of</strong> agricultural<br />
land in these cases. The land take in question is not considered significant given that the agricultural<br />
use <strong>of</strong> the areas in question does not appear intensive. Some <strong>of</strong> the land in question is poor in quality<br />
and may in fact be disused. It is considered that there is potential for a slight, negative, long-term<br />
impact.<br />
Structures to be provided along the Assolas Stream are generally proposed along property<br />
boundaries and are proposed to be provided within public areas. However, embankments are to be<br />
located on residential lands on the Baltimore Road (Assolas 5). These embankments are proposed to<br />
be 0.5m high and can be maintained as lawn however. The areas <strong>of</strong> garden to the south <strong>of</strong> these<br />
embankments will benefit from a reduced risk <strong>of</strong> flooding.<br />
A discussion on impacts on the future development <strong>of</strong> zoned lands through land take is provided in<br />
Chapter 5 Strategic and Statutory Planning Context.<br />
In terms <strong>of</strong> potential impact on access points to the river, the stepped access at Levis’ Quay will be<br />
unaffected (Ilen 7); impact will be neutral.<br />
The slipway north <strong>of</strong> The Flax Mills will be blocked <strong>of</strong>f by a flood wall (Ilen 3); therefore any future use<br />
will be precluded. At the time <strong>of</strong> site visit, this slipway was roped <strong>of</strong>f and there was no evidence <strong>of</strong><br />
regular usage. The loss <strong>of</strong> this amenity is considered as a slight negative long-term impact given<br />
the likely levels <strong>of</strong> usage.<br />
The access point to the pontoon at the West Cork Hotel will be modified but maintained (Ilen 7);<br />
revised arrangements will be developed in consultation with the landowners at detailed design stage.<br />
The use <strong>of</strong> the river by anglers can continue; details <strong>of</strong> fisheries at operational stage are set out in<br />
Chapter 7 Aquatic Flora and Fauna.<br />
6.4.2.4 Health and Safety Aspects<br />
Construction <strong>of</strong> the proposed scheme will be carried out in accordance with relevant health and safety<br />
standards. An inspection and maintenance programme is proposed. In this regard there are no likely<br />
and significant impacts expected to arise in relation to health and safety.<br />
Severe flood events can cause injury or death and contamination issues can cause illness. Dealing<br />
with a severe flood event and the ensuing clean-up operation and associated costs can cause stress.<br />
This can be particularly acute within a built-up area such as the study area, which contains significant<br />
resident, working and visiting populations, including vulnerable population groups such as the elderly.<br />
The reduction <strong>of</strong> severe flood events will be a significant positive impact in this regard.<br />
The associated expected reduction in the need for emergency plan mobilisation or use <strong>of</strong> emergency<br />
services during severe flood events is a positive impact, as is the reduction <strong>of</strong> the impacts <strong>of</strong> flood<br />
events on access to such services (i.e. the fire station and access road to the hospital are subject to<br />
flooding).<br />
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 6-23 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Safety features such as ring buoys should be replaced in suitable positions where they are relocated<br />
during the construction process, and new locations considered based on any increased risks.<br />
Walls and embankments are to be provided within publicly accessible areas; however the urban<br />
environment regularly contains walls adjacent rivers and roads and other ‘climbable’ structures.<br />
<strong>Impact</strong>s are expected to be neutral.<br />
Expected impacts such associated with the reduced risk <strong>of</strong> flood events are expected to be<br />
significant positive and long-term.<br />
6.5 MITIGATION MEASURES<br />
6.5.1 Construction Phase<br />
6.5.1.1 Demography and Employment<br />
No significant adverse predicted impacts on demography are identified. Accordingly no mitigation<br />
measures are considered necessary.<br />
No significant adverse impacts on employment levels are identified however mitigation measures <strong>of</strong><br />
some benefit to employment levels in the area are set out below under Working Community.<br />
6.5.1.2 Community and Population Groupings<br />
Resident Population<br />
Significant negative impacts may potentially arise for local residents due to construction traffic and<br />
construction activities.<br />
Proposed mitigation involves the preparation <strong>of</strong> a Construction Management Plan and a Construction<br />
Traffic Management Plan. Hours <strong>of</strong> operation during the construction phase should be limited to<br />
normal working hours so as to protect residential amenities during evening and weekends as a<br />
general rule. However extended hours may be necessary in limited circumstances where specific<br />
construction techniques require same or extended operating hours will limit road closures for<br />
example. The Contractor will liaise with affected residents in this regard. A rationale should be<br />
provided for all incidences <strong>of</strong> extended working hours.<br />
See Chapters 10, 11 and 14 on Air, Noise and Material Assets for other relevant mitigation<br />
measures.<br />
It is recommended that impacts be mitigated through the publication <strong>of</strong> any proposed temporary<br />
circulation, access and parking arrangements in the local media prior to the commencement <strong>of</strong><br />
construction, with updates as necessary throughout the construction process.<br />
In terms <strong>of</strong> residents specifically affected by construction works on or adjacent their properties,<br />
mitigation is required as follows:<br />
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 6-24 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
• Detailed extent <strong>of</strong> area required for construction/storage purposes, nature <strong>of</strong> proposed works<br />
within private property and overall timeframe estimated for the scheme works as a whole to all<br />
landowners in advance <strong>of</strong> construction works.<br />
• The Contractor will employ a Community Liaison Officer (CLO) whose role, in part, will be to<br />
liaise with property owners to let them know about plans which may affect their properties and<br />
provide details with respect to timeframes etc..<br />
• Reinstate all gardens/yards/driveways to condition prior to commencement <strong>of</strong> construction<br />
other than where changes are necessary due to the construction <strong>of</strong> or presence <strong>of</strong> the flood<br />
defence feature or unless otherwise subject to agreement with the landowner(s) in a timely<br />
manner.<br />
• Provide suitable protective screening where works are being carried out on residential<br />
properties.<br />
• Implement all relevant mitigation measures regarding the control <strong>of</strong> emissions such as noise<br />
and dust during the construction process.<br />
Working Population<br />
The local working population may be moderately negatively impacted upon by the construction phase<br />
in the same way as the local resident population. These impacts will also be mitigated in the same<br />
way by the adoption <strong>of</strong> good construction and traffic management measures and by the dissemination<br />
<strong>of</strong> information to owners and operators <strong>of</strong> places <strong>of</strong> work. Such measures should be identified in a<br />
formal construction management plan and construction traffic management plan as per above and the<br />
working community would also benefit from an organised information campaign on temporary access<br />
arrangements and proposed construction detail as described above regarding residents.<br />
See Chapters 10, 11 and 12 on Noise, Air and Climate and Material Assets for other relevant<br />
mitigation measures.<br />
Visiting Population<br />
Recommended mitigation measures considered necessary include:<br />
• Measures to ensure that the visiting community are notified <strong>of</strong> the construction programme<br />
through the local tourist <strong>of</strong>fice/ Fáilte Ireland website, with particular emphasis on providing<br />
information on any disruption to visiting anglers, cyclists or walkers.<br />
• Liaison with local accommodation and other visitor service providers and the carrying out <strong>of</strong><br />
works within or adjacent such facilities during low season where practicable.<br />
• Implement measures outlined in a Construction Management Plan and Construction Traffic<br />
Management Plan, particularly where construction traffic conflicts with pedestrian or cycle<br />
routes.<br />
• Implement mitigation measures outlined in Chapters 7, 9, 10 and 11, Aquatic Flora and<br />
Fauna, Landscape, Air Quality and Noise.<br />
6.5.1.3 Land Use<br />
Construction activities may potentially negatively impact on the sensitive uses such as schools.<br />
Should the construction programme allow it, construction in the vicinity <strong>of</strong> schools should be limited to<br />
or concentrated during the holiday period. Alternatively, the implementation <strong>of</strong> a preparation <strong>of</strong> a<br />
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 6-25 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
construction management plan (including a construction traffic management plan) to mitigate against<br />
such adverse impacts should be prioritised. Similarly, phasing <strong>of</strong> works around peak user times <strong>of</strong><br />
other uses such as specific sports facilities and seasonal tourist facilities should be considered.<br />
Regular updates and consultation with all sports clubs affected by construction works will be required.<br />
Town centre land uses would benefit from specific attention to vehicular and pedestrian circulation<br />
and access arrangements to commercial and social and community facilities within the CMP.<br />
Ongoing consultation with other land users specifically affected by proposed construction works will<br />
be required.<br />
In terms <strong>of</strong> river users, notification <strong>of</strong> local anglers and the rowing club <strong>of</strong> proposed works and likely<br />
dates should be undertaken. Key seasons <strong>of</strong> use should be avoided where possible in the relevant<br />
areas. Mitigation measures outlined in Chapter 7 Aquatic Flora and Fauna should be adhered to in<br />
relation to impacts on angling.<br />
6.5.1.4 Health and Safety Aspects<br />
It is recommended that a programme for the management and continued provision <strong>of</strong> life buoys in<br />
suitable locations and in suitable conditions be developed prior to the commencement <strong>of</strong> the<br />
construction programme.<br />
Appropriate health and safety site management and construction techniques shall be adopted during<br />
construction under the supervision <strong>of</strong> a PSCS in accordance with Heath and Safety Regulations. No<br />
outstanding potential impacts on public health and safety are considered likely. Other than the<br />
adoption <strong>of</strong> good site practices then no further remedial or mitigation measures are considered<br />
necessary.<br />
6.5.2 Operational Phase<br />
6.5.2.1 Demography and Employment<br />
No adverse predicted impacts are identified at operational stage. No mitigation measures are<br />
required.<br />
6.5.2.2 Community and Population Groupings<br />
Predicted impacts are predominantly positive. For the residential and working community, no<br />
mitigation is required provided plans to reinstate and landscape areas damaged or disturbed during<br />
the construction phase are implemented in a timely manner following the carrying out <strong>of</strong> the works.<br />
<strong>Impact</strong>s on the visiting community will also be generally positive. There will be some changes that<br />
could impact negatively on the amenities <strong>of</strong> particular properties; mitigation is recommended as<br />
follows:-<br />
• Ensure final design solution <strong>of</strong> flood wall and adjacent lands at the Heritage Centre replicate the<br />
existing standard <strong>of</strong> amenity at this visitor attraction.<br />
• Liaise with owners and operators <strong>of</strong> North Street properties where works are to be carried out in<br />
terms <strong>of</strong> impacts on amenities such as the terrace at the Riverside Cafe/Restaurant, and modify<br />
design solutions to minimise any significant loss <strong>of</strong> amenity at operational stage where<br />
appropriate.<br />
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 6-26 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Mitigation measures as recommended in Chapter 9 Landscape and Visual <strong>Impact</strong> Assessment<br />
should be implemented.<br />
6.5.2.3 Land Use<br />
<strong>Impact</strong>s will be generally positive, significant and long-term and the overriding benefits to the town<br />
are considered to outweigh any negative impacts. Significant areas <strong>of</strong> land and a wide range <strong>of</strong> uses<br />
will benefit from reduced flood risk.<br />
The overall flood risk management scheme involves secondary measures such as appropriate<br />
planning and development management in line with national guidance; new development on flood<br />
plains or areas susceptible to flooding should be assessed in line with national guidelines. This is<br />
inherent in the scheme and in relevant planning policy and accordingly no specific mitigation is<br />
considered necessary.<br />
However, in relation to some specific land uses the following mitigation is recommended:<br />
• Given the impact on the current configuration <strong>of</strong> the Skibbereen RFC playing pitch adjacent<br />
their clubhouse, ongoing consultation with the club is recommended with a view to ensuring<br />
that long-term adverse impacts on the activities <strong>of</strong> the club in Skibbereen do not arise.<br />
• Consultation with the owners <strong>of</strong> the Hideaway Camping & Caravan Park and a detailed review<br />
<strong>of</strong> the impact <strong>of</strong> the proposed embankment on existing operations and layout is recommended.<br />
Design modifications and/or appropriate compensation should be developmed or provided as<br />
necessary.<br />
• Stock pro<strong>of</strong> fencing will be required to replace existing field boundaries and on areas where<br />
animals grazing can cause damage to embankments and any compensation deemed<br />
appropriate provided for loss <strong>of</strong> use <strong>of</strong> agricultural land.<br />
• Ongoing consultation with the Skibbereen Show Society is recommended. Design<br />
enhancements, modifications and/or appropriate compensation for impacts to current layout<br />
should be provided as necessary.<br />
• Ownership and status <strong>of</strong> the slip access at the Flax Mills should be confirmed and alternative<br />
access arranged to be provided or compensation provided for loss <strong>of</strong> access if appropriate.<br />
• Levis Quay (existing access will be retained.<br />
No other specific mitigation measures are recommended at this stage in relation to land take or<br />
severance; compensation will be payable to landowners where appropriate.<br />
6.5.2.4 Health and Safety Aspects<br />
The proposed scheme will be constructed and maintained in accordance with the relevant standards.<br />
No mitigation measures are required in this regard.<br />
In terms <strong>of</strong> water safety, a programme for the suitable placement <strong>of</strong> life buoys along the river on a<br />
permanent basis should be developed.<br />
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 6-27 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
6.6 PREDICTED RESIDUAL IMPACTS<br />
6.6.1 Construction Phase<br />
6.6.1.1 Demography and Employment<br />
The construction <strong>of</strong> the proposed development will have a slight positive short-term impact on<br />
demography due to the possible movement into the town <strong>of</strong> some construction / contractor related<br />
employees for parts <strong>of</strong> the construction phase.<br />
The generation <strong>of</strong> a number <strong>of</strong> construction jobs for an approximate 24 month period is considered a<br />
slight positive short-term impact. The knock on benefits to building suppliers and local service<br />
providers will reinforce this positive impact.<br />
6.6.1.2 Community and Population Groupings<br />
Resident Population<br />
Provided mitigation measures such as a Construction and Traffic Management Plan are put in place,<br />
impacts will be minimised to slight to moderate negative impacts, short-term in the context <strong>of</strong> the<br />
resident community at large and temporary for individual properties. These will be unavoidable given<br />
the nature <strong>of</strong> the works required and should be considered in the context <strong>of</strong> the positive operation<br />
impacts discussed below.<br />
Working Population<br />
Provided mitigation measures such as a Construction and Traffic Management Plan are put in place,<br />
impacts will be minimised to slight negative impacts, short-term in the context <strong>of</strong> the working<br />
community at large and temporary for individual employment premises. These will be unavoidable<br />
given the nature <strong>of</strong> the works required.<br />
Visiting Population<br />
Provided mitigation measures such as a Construction and Traffic Management Plan and information<br />
provision through tourist services are put in place, impacts will be minimised to slight, temporary,<br />
negative impacts. These will be unavoidable given the nature <strong>of</strong> the works required.<br />
In respect <strong>of</strong> fish angling impacts are likely to be temporary moderate during construction, however<br />
overall there will be an improvement to the channel resulting in increased usage once banks are<br />
complete.<br />
6.6.1.3 Land Use<br />
General access to land uses will suffer some unavoidable slight temporary negative impacts during<br />
construction. This is also applicable to access to the waterway from the four formal access points<br />
identified.<br />
6.6.1.4 Health and Safety Aspects<br />
With the adoption <strong>of</strong> proper and safe construction practices on site under the supervision <strong>of</strong> an<br />
appointed PSCS as required by Health and Safety regulations and the implementation <strong>of</strong> mitigation<br />
regarding water safety; impacts should be neutral.<br />
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 6-28 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
6.6.2 Operational Phase<br />
6.6.2.1 Demography and Employment<br />
Any remaining impacts on population will be long-term, significant and positive and impacts on<br />
employment will be long-term, moderate and positive as flood risk in the study area is reduced.<br />
6.6.2.2 Community and Population Groupings<br />
Resident and Working Population<br />
The reduction <strong>of</strong> flood risk will have a long-term significant positive impact on the residential and<br />
working communities. There may be imperceptible to slight long-term (but intermittent) impacts on<br />
some upstream farming activities.<br />
Visiting Population<br />
The proposed development will generally have a long-term significant positive impact on the<br />
visiting community through the reduction <strong>of</strong> flood risk. With mitigation, negative impacts on specified<br />
properties in the tourist sector can be reduced to neutral or imperceptible-slight negative longterm<br />
impacts.<br />
6.6.2.3 Land Use<br />
The proposed development will reduce flood risk on a range <strong>of</strong> urban land uses within the study area.<br />
Overall, impacts will be significant, long-term and positive. Provided appropriate mitigation is<br />
agreed with the specified land owners referred to above, significant adverse long-term impacts can be<br />
avoided or the significance <strong>of</strong> these impacts reduced to slight or even imperceptible levels. However,<br />
where agreements and/or appropriate design solutions or compensation cannot be developed to<br />
address impacts identified, there may be long-term adverse impacts for some specified land uses.<br />
This is also applicable to the proposed loss <strong>of</strong> access to the river at the one point identified for<br />
mitigation.<br />
6.6.2.4 Health and Safety Aspects<br />
With mitigation, no adverse impacts are predicted. The proposed works will reduce considerably the<br />
Health and Safety risks associated with flood events and this is considered a significant positive<br />
long-term impact.<br />
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 6-29 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
7 AQUATIC FLORA AND FAUNA (INCLUDING WATER<br />
QUALITY AND FISHERIES)<br />
7.1 INTRODUCTION<br />
RPS commissioned DixonBrosnan and Associates (<strong>Environmental</strong> Consultants) to prepare this<br />
Chapter which addresses the impacts <strong>of</strong> the proposed works on aquatic ecology, water quality and<br />
fisheries. DixonBrosnan had previously provided ecological input into the design process during the<br />
constraints and identification <strong>of</strong> preferred option stages (July, 2011) in order to assist the design team<br />
in identifying a flood relief solution with the least environmental impacts on water quality and fisheries.<br />
This chapter describes and evaluates the habitats with their representative flora and fauna in order to<br />
describe and assess the impacts that would result from the proposed drainage scheme. The chapter<br />
follows the structure and protocols detailed in Advice notes on current practice in the preparation <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong>s (EPA 2003) and Guidelines on the information to be contained in<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong>s (EPA 2002). The classification scheme used in the NRA publication<br />
Guidelines for assessment <strong>of</strong> ecological impacts <strong>of</strong> National Road Schemes (NRA, 2006a Appendix<br />
7.1 Site Evaluation Scheme and Criteria for Assessing <strong>Impact</strong>) was also used in this report. This<br />
ecological assessment was carried out by Carl Dixon M.Sc. Applied Ecology and Vincent Murphy<br />
M.Sc. Ecosystem Conservation & Landscape Management.<br />
7.2 METHODOLOGY<br />
7.2.1 Desktop Review and Identification <strong>of</strong> Significant Constraints<br />
Desk top studies and walk over surveys were carried out in June and July 2011 and relevant<br />
ecological constraints were identified. These were detailed in a Constraints Report (July, 2011) and<br />
were factored into the matrix used to determine the preferred option for the drainage scheme (Multi<br />
Criteria Analysis Report, January 2012). This chapter assesses the impacts on aquatic ecology<br />
potentially arising from this preferred flood relief option.<br />
7.2.2 Consultation<br />
As statutory bodies responsible for Fisheries and Ecology respectively both the IFI (Inland Fisheries<br />
Ireland) and NPWS (National Parks and Wildlife Service) were consulted at the Constraints Stage and<br />
during the EIS Stage. Inland Fisheries Ireland noted that the Ilen is an important fishery for Atlantic<br />
Salmon (listed on Annex II <strong>of</strong> the Habitats Directive) and that significant impacts on this species in<br />
particular should be avoided. IFI also stated that their preferred option was to avoid culverting on the<br />
Caol Stream due to loss <strong>of</strong> habitat and potential impacts on salmon migrating through any culverted<br />
area. On this basis culverting <strong>of</strong> this stream was avoided. In this regard, DixonBrosnan and<br />
Associates worked closely with the design team to identify a solution for the Caol Stream that would<br />
have the least impact on fisheries whilst also providing for flood relief in the area. An overview <strong>of</strong><br />
consultation undertaken with regards to ecology (freshwater and terrestrial) is provided below in<br />
Table 7.1.<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 7-1 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Table 7.1: Consultation<br />
Consultee<br />
National Parks and Wildlife<br />
Service (NPWS)<br />
Inland Fisheries Ireland<br />
(IFI)<br />
Inland Fisheries Ireland<br />
(IFI)<br />
Inland Fisheries Ireland<br />
(IFI)<br />
Inland Fisheries Ireland<br />
(IFI)<br />
Cork County Council<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> Protection<br />
Agency (EPA).<br />
South Western River Basin<br />
District<br />
Date and Method <strong>of</strong><br />
Consultation<br />
Phone call Declan O' Donnell<br />
(District Conservation Officer)<br />
13/6/2011 and 17/9/2012<br />
Michael McPartland<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> Officer IFI<br />
Letter 8/4/11<br />
Michael McPartland<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> Officer IFI<br />
Meeting on site 25/10/2011<br />
Michael McPartland<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> Officer IFI<br />
Meeting on site 13/9/2012<br />
during preparation <strong>of</strong> EIS<br />
Dr. Joe Caffrey<br />
20/9/12<br />
John Redmond (Planning<br />
Department) 3/9/12 Letter<br />
Website<br />
http://www.epa.ie/rivermap/data<br />
Letter 27/3/2012<br />
Summary <strong>of</strong> Consultation<br />
Primary concern is that potential<br />
impacts on designated sites are<br />
effectively dealt with. No specific<br />
concerns in relation to local ecology.<br />
The River Ilen is an important<br />
salmonid river and assessment <strong>of</strong><br />
flooding events should be on a<br />
catchment basis. Need detailed<br />
assessment <strong>of</strong> existing conditions<br />
and detailed impact assessment<br />
based on the measures proposed.<br />
Important that free migration <strong>of</strong><br />
salmonids and in particular Atlantic<br />
salmon is maintained. Mr.<br />
McPartland expressed concern that<br />
diversion or partial diversion <strong>of</strong> the<br />
river could prevent upstream<br />
migration <strong>of</strong> salmonids if not<br />
correctly designed. The IFI noted<br />
that salmonid populations could<br />
occur within small tributaries and in<br />
particular the Caol Stream and that<br />
fish stock assessments <strong>of</strong> relevant<br />
streams is recommended for the EIS<br />
stage under licence. Minimisation <strong>of</strong><br />
silt plumes during site works would<br />
be necessary.<br />
Primary concern is that culverting on<br />
the Caol would be problematic given<br />
that small numbers <strong>of</strong> juvenile<br />
salmon which were recorded on the<br />
Caol Stream. There could be<br />
impacts on migration and direct loss<br />
<strong>of</strong> habitat. All Instream mitigation<br />
measures which must seek to<br />
recreate as natural a habitat as<br />
possible and should be designed by<br />
a specialist with experience in this<br />
type <strong>of</strong> design work.<br />
Abisealy lake was surveyed in<br />
December 2011 and held a large<br />
stock <strong>of</strong> rudd and pike. No evidence<br />
<strong>of</strong> a substantial brown trout<br />
population.<br />
The primary issues to be addressed<br />
by the EIS are protection <strong>of</strong> water<br />
quality during construction, invasive<br />
species and potential impacts on<br />
Annex II species.<br />
Review information on water quality<br />
and ensure avoidance <strong>of</strong> impacts.<br />
Meet the objectives <strong>of</strong> the Water<br />
Framework Directive.<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 7-2 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
7.2.3 Field Surveys<br />
Aquatic Habitats<br />
As part <strong>of</strong> this environmental impact assessment detailed surveys were carried out in June, August<br />
and September 2012 to identify and assess the impact <strong>of</strong> the proposed drainage scheme on aquatic<br />
ecology. As walk over surveys within the overall study had already been carried out in June and July<br />
2011, the surveys carried out in 2012 focused specifically on the areas affected by the proposed site<br />
works. Habitats were identified according to the classification scheme outlined in the Heritage Council<br />
publication A Guide to Habitats in Ireland (Fossitt, 2000) and in line with the guidelines contained in<br />
Best Practice Guidance for Habitat Survey and Mapping”, Heritage Council, 2010.The classification<br />
scheme used to define impacts is based on a classification scheme used by the National Roads<br />
Authority (NRA) Guidelines for the assessment <strong>of</strong> ecological impacts <strong>of</strong> National Road Schemes<br />
(NRA, 2006a). This classification scheme is included in Appendix 7.1 Site Evaluation Scheme and<br />
Criteria for Assessing <strong>Impact</strong>. Where required, seasonal factors were taken into consideration<br />
during the preparation <strong>of</strong> this chapter.<br />
Fish Stock Assessment<br />
DixonBrosnan and Associates received a Section 14 licence from the Department <strong>of</strong><br />
Communications, Energy & Natural Resources for an electro-fishing fish stock assessment. All bio<br />
security protocols as submitted to and agreed with the Department Communications, Energy &<br />
Natural Resources were followed during surveying. Sampling was focused on tributaries <strong>of</strong> sufficient<br />
size to support fish where it was considered there may be potential for impacts. Sampling was carried<br />
out using a Safari Back Pack electro-fishing unit. No work was carried out on the Ilen as there is<br />
sufficient available information available on fish stocks within it. The objective <strong>of</strong> the study was to<br />
determine the following:<br />
1. Presence/absence for all fish species including lamprey and European Eel in tributaries <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Ilen affected by site works;<br />
2. Presence/absence <strong>of</strong> Atlantic salmon within the Caol Stream; and<br />
3. Generalised assessment <strong>of</strong> value <strong>of</strong> all streams for other salmonid species.<br />
A fish Survey Report is included as Appendix 7.3 Fish Survey Report <strong>of</strong> the EIS.<br />
Water Quality<br />
As the areas <strong>of</strong> watercourse affected by site works are tidal in nature biological surveys <strong>of</strong> water<br />
quality (i.e. macro-invertebrate analysis and assignment <strong>of</strong> Q values) were not feasible. Similarly<br />
short-term chemical surveys are <strong>of</strong> limited value in accurately determining background nutrient levels<br />
in tidal watercourses where there are strong tidal fluctuations in water levels. It is also noted that tidal<br />
watercourses are relatively robust in comparison to their freshwater equivalent, due to increased<br />
dilution and due to the fact that habitats and communities must adapt to fluctuating levels <strong>of</strong> silt,<br />
salinity and regular changes in flow pattern. Although chemical and biological water quality surveys<br />
were not carried out, observations which were indicative <strong>of</strong> water quality status i.e. presence <strong>of</strong><br />
salmonids, high silt levels and excessive algal growth were recorded where relevant.<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 7-3 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
7.3 EXISTING ENVIRONMENT<br />
7.3.1 Designated Sites<br />
There are no designated conservation sites within the study area. Thus the study area does not<br />
include nor is it located adjacent to a Special Area <strong>of</strong> Conservation (SAC), Natural Heritage Area<br />
(NHA), Special Protection Area (SPA), National Park or Nature Reserve. The River Ilen flows into<br />
Roaringwater Bay and Islands cSAC (Site Code 101) which is located approximately 8 km to the<br />
southwest <strong>of</strong> the works area and this is the only designated SAC which could theoretically be directly<br />
affected. The qualifying interests for this site are summarised below in Table 7.2 (refer to Appendix<br />
7.2 AA Screening for full details).<br />
Table 7.2: Designated Sites Located Within 10 km <strong>of</strong> the Proposed Development<br />
Site Name<br />
Roaringwater<br />
Bay and<br />
Islands<br />
Qualifying interests<br />
Designated for:<br />
Large shallow inlets and bays<br />
[1160]<br />
Reefs [1170]<br />
Vegetated sea cliffs <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Atlantic and Baltic coasts [1230]<br />
Harbour porpoise (Phocoena<br />
phocoena) [1351]<br />
Otter (Lutra lutra) [1355]<br />
Grey seal (Halichoerus grypus)<br />
[1364]<br />
European dry heaths [4030]<br />
Submerged or partly submerged<br />
sea caves [8330]<br />
Designatio<br />
n Type<br />
Site<br />
Code<br />
Approximate<br />
Location<br />
(at nearest point)<br />
Relative to<br />
Skibbereen<br />
cSAC 000101 8 km to the southwest<br />
No significant impact on the qualifying interests and conservation objectives for this or any <strong>of</strong> the<br />
other designated Natura 2000 sites is envisaged.<br />
See Appendix 7.2 Appropriate Assessment Screening.<br />
7.3.2 The Ilen Catchment<br />
The study area is located in the catchment <strong>of</strong> the River Ilen, EPA code HA20 The main channel <strong>of</strong><br />
the River Ilen and several minor tributaries <strong>of</strong> the River Ilen, including the Caol Stream, run through<br />
the study area. The location <strong>of</strong> the river and an overview <strong>of</strong> site works is provided in Figure 1.2<br />
Overview <strong>of</strong> the proposed flood Relief Scheme. Further information on habitats and fish species is<br />
provided in the Fish Survey Report included in Appendix 7.3 Fish Survey Report.<br />
The River Ilen is a medium sized spate river with a catchment <strong>of</strong> 245 km 2 . The river rises in the hills<br />
north <strong>of</strong> Skibbereen Town at Mullaghmesha and flows north to south for approximately 23 km into<br />
Roaringwater Bay. The study area is located approximately 3 km upstream <strong>of</strong> the bay however it is<br />
strongly tidal. There is a large meander within the town which has formed a low-lying flat floodplain<br />
known as The Marsh. The Ilen is an important salmon, sea trout and brown trout fishery and supports<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 7-4 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
a number <strong>of</strong> Annex II species including freshwater pearl mussel, salmon and potentially lamprey<br />
species.<br />
As this is a tidal waterway, walkover surveys were carried out at low tide, and as such the flow<br />
descriptions reflect the low tide appearance <strong>of</strong> the river. For ease <strong>of</strong> description, the study area has<br />
been divided into three sections.<br />
Downstream <strong>of</strong> JFK Bridge (the Bridge on Ilen street)<br />
Starting on the downstream end <strong>of</strong> the Ilen, adjacent to a public park on the N71 and moving<br />
upstream to JFK Bridge, the Ilen has a broad, shallow flow. The river bed is primarily gravel however<br />
high volumes <strong>of</strong> fine silts indicate that this section is mainly a depositing section <strong>of</strong> the intertidal area<br />
<strong>of</strong> the Ilen. Few trees overhang this section and those that do are associated with residential<br />
properties on the river bank. Bankside vegetation is a combination <strong>of</strong> marsh species and grassland<br />
species. See Plate 7.1.<br />
JFK Bridge to N71 Bridge<br />
Upstream <strong>of</strong> JFK Bridge to upstream <strong>of</strong> the rear <strong>of</strong> the presbytery, the Ilen has a number <strong>of</strong> pools and<br />
deep glides. The major pools are at the rear <strong>of</strong> the West Cork Hotel immediately upstream <strong>of</strong> JFK<br />
Bridge and at the confluence <strong>of</strong> the Caol Stream. These pools are in excess <strong>of</strong> 3 meters deep at low<br />
tide and are potential holding pools for migrating fish. The glide substrate consists <strong>of</strong> cobbles and<br />
boulders and provides suitable habitat for brown trout. This section <strong>of</strong> the river is relatively well<br />
shaded by immature trees on one side and a 3-storey building on the other. From the presbytery to<br />
the N71 Bridge, the Ilen is mainly an open glide with gravel and cobbles on the river bed. Trees are<br />
more scrub-like and thus do not shade the river to any great extent. As more light reaches the river in<br />
this area, more aquatic vegetation such as water crowsfoot is present. The stretch may be considered<br />
intermediate between depositing and eroding. Underneath the N71 road bridge, on the eastern side, a<br />
large area <strong>of</strong> estuarine silt deposition was noted; this is the most upstream example <strong>of</strong> significant<br />
deposition <strong>of</strong> estuarine silt. See Plate 7.2.<br />
Upstream <strong>of</strong> N71 Road Bridge<br />
This area contains a mix <strong>of</strong> riffle, pool and glide systems and is characteristic <strong>of</strong> an eroding river<br />
system. On the first bend in the river upstream <strong>of</strong> the N71 a change in the gradient <strong>of</strong> the river was<br />
noted with steep riffle. Upstream <strong>of</strong> this is a deep pool. Pools are also present between the Mill<br />
Stream and Showgrounds stream confluences with the Ilen. There are also a number <strong>of</strong> in-stream<br />
islands that have formed around protruding bedrock. Overhanging trees are present in this area and<br />
are mainly native species such as Ash and Sycamore though non-native species such as planted<br />
Leyland cypress and conifers are also present. This area upstream <strong>of</strong> the N71 may experience high<br />
levels <strong>of</strong> brackish water, but the main tidal influence is from water backing up. This section is <strong>of</strong> high<br />
value for salmonids. See Plate 7.3.<br />
The following works, which will have or are expected to have an instream component, are planned for<br />
the main Ilen channel. The extent <strong>of</strong> the temporary in-stream works in all watercourses can only be<br />
determined at the detailed design stage, following a comprehensive geotechnical ground<br />
investigation. More detail on these works is provided in Chapter 2 Project Description. The<br />
proposed works are shown on Figure 1.2 Overview <strong>of</strong> Proposed Flood Relief Scheme.<br />
• Approximately 1670 m 2 <strong>of</strong> in stream riverbed regrading works in the River Ilen at John F.<br />
Kennedy Bridge.<br />
• Structural works to bridge piers at John F. Kennedy Bridge.<br />
• Approximately 310 m <strong>of</strong> flood wall along the southern bank <strong>of</strong> the River Ilen, located in the<br />
vicinity <strong>of</strong> John F. Kennedy Bridge.<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 7-5 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
• To the rear <strong>of</strong> the properties on North Street, it is proposed to construct approximately 260 m <strong>of</strong><br />
embankment, floodwall and stone revetment along the eastern bank <strong>of</strong> the River Ilen. Working<br />
space to the rear <strong>of</strong> these properties is restricted.<br />
• To compensate for the loss <strong>of</strong> river channel along the eastern bank caused by the construction<br />
<strong>of</strong> the embankment, floodwall and revetment to the rear <strong>of</strong> North Street as outlined above,<br />
widening <strong>of</strong> the river channel over the same length <strong>of</strong> works is required along the western bank<br />
<strong>of</strong> the River Ilen.<br />
Plate 7.1: Ilen Downstream <strong>of</strong> JFK Bridge<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 7-6 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Plate 7.2: Ilen - JFK Bridge to N71 Bridge<br />
Plate 7.3: Ilen - Upstream <strong>of</strong> N71 Road Bridge<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 7-7 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
7.3.3 Tributaries <strong>of</strong> the Ilen Affected by the Proposed Works<br />
A total <strong>of</strong> 5 tributaries <strong>of</strong> the Ilen at present will potentially be affected by site works and these<br />
watercourses are shown in overview on Figure 1.2 in Chapter 2 Project Description. More detail on<br />
these works is provided in Chapter 2 Project Description. The extent <strong>of</strong> the temporary in-stream<br />
works in all watercourses can only be determined at the detailed design stage, following a<br />
comprehensive geotechnical ground investigation.<br />
7.3.3.1 Caol Stream<br />
The largest tributary within the study area is the Caol Stream which rises in Lough Abidealy and joins<br />
the Ilen 250 m downstream <strong>of</strong> John F. Kennedy Bridge. This stream has suffered from heavy pollution<br />
from sewage in the past (EirEco, 2007) however it appears to have recovered well and now supports<br />
brown trout throughout its length. Small numbers <strong>of</strong> juvenile salmon were recorded by the fish stock<br />
survey as well as flounder, stickleback, grey mullet and eel (See Appendix 7.3 Fish Survey Report).<br />
The lower section <strong>of</strong> the stream is largely enclosed by concrete walls with some areas shaded by an<br />
existing treeline. Upstream <strong>of</strong> the town the middle reaches <strong>of</strong> the stream are deep, slow flowing and in<br />
places choked with aquatic and emergent vegetation; these areas are suitable for adult brown trout<br />
and stickleback in particular but are <strong>of</strong> less value for juvenile salmonids or European eel. Higher up<br />
the catchment is Abisealy Lake which is fringed with reeds and is utilised at present as a pike fishery.<br />
A netting survey on the lake in December 2011 ascertained that it holds a good stock <strong>of</strong> rudd and pike<br />
however brown trout were largely absent. It is noted that although the cold weather may have reduced<br />
fish movements and thus the number <strong>of</strong> brown trout in the lake was underestimated, it is considered<br />
unlikely that it supports a significant population <strong>of</strong> salmonids (Dr. Joe Caffery IFI pers. comm.).<br />
A second tributary drains agricultural land (moderate quality pasture) in the eastern part <strong>of</strong> the<br />
catchment. Although slow flowing in parts and <strong>of</strong>ten overgrown it does have some sections <strong>of</strong> natural<br />
riffle-glide habitat which is suitable for juvenile salmonids interspersed with deeper pools which<br />
support adult brown trout. However as the channel divides into smaller channels, flows rapidly<br />
diminish. Spawning/juvenile habitat is confined to the middle to upper reaches. Small numbers <strong>of</strong> eel<br />
were recorded throughout the Caol Stream.<br />
The downstream section <strong>of</strong> the Caol Stream which will be affected by site works consists <strong>of</strong> tidal, slow<br />
flowing sections <strong>of</strong> the watercourse with deep silt and extensive macrophyte growth. Large parts <strong>of</strong><br />
stream have been significantly modified with a straightened channel bounded by concrete walls. It is<br />
used by adult brown trout, stickleback and eel in small numbers and flounder and mullet move into the<br />
lower reaches to feed on a flooding tide.<br />
Instream works will be required for the Coal Stream and will comprise approximately 340 m <strong>of</strong><br />
concrete walled channel between <strong>Main</strong> Street Bridge and Market Street. The sides <strong>of</strong> the channel will<br />
be approximately 1.2 m to 1.5 m high in relation to the adjacent road/carpark level. A thalweg will be<br />
provided within the channel to emulate the existing streambed features in so far as possible.<br />
Approximately 413 m <strong>of</strong> flood walls and 557 m <strong>of</strong> embankments are proposed along the banks <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Caol Stream upstream <strong>of</strong> Market Street. The channel in these areas has been significantly modified in<br />
the past as shown in Plates 7.4 and 7.5.<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 7-8 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Plate 7.4: Caol Stream<br />
Plate 7.5: Caol Stream<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 7-9 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
7.3.3.2 Assolas Stream (Carrigfadda Stream)<br />
The Carrigfadda Stream (Assolas Stream) is a small tributary <strong>of</strong> the Caol Stream which is extensively<br />
culverted in its lower reaches. Upstream <strong>of</strong> the culvert, it runs parallel to the R595 (Baltimore) road<br />
and is heavily overgrown with brambles which in places form a tunnel, which completely shades the<br />
stream. There are some open sections; however the stream is generally shallow and flows during dry<br />
weather would be expected to be very low. Approximately 1 km upstream <strong>of</strong> its confluence with the<br />
Caol the stream swings abruptly southward under a minor road. No fish were detected in this<br />
watercourse, during the Fish Stock Survey (see Appendix 7.3 Fish Survey Report), however it is <strong>of</strong><br />
sufficient size to support macro-invertebrate populations and possibly small populations <strong>of</strong> fish such<br />
as eel, stickleback and brown trout in pockets. A section <strong>of</strong> the Carrigfadda Stream (Assolas Stream)<br />
is shown in Plate 7.6.<br />
The following works, which will have or are expected to have an instream component, are planned:<br />
• An existing double culvert to the east <strong>of</strong> the Care Centre on Baltimore Road will be replaced<br />
with a single box culvert under the public roadway<br />
• Approximately 35 m <strong>of</strong> flood wall along the western bank <strong>of</strong> the stream, located along a<br />
property boundary. The masonry faced reinforced concrete wall will be approximately 1.3 m<br />
high in relation to the level <strong>of</strong> the adjacent garden.<br />
• Approximately 277 m <strong>of</strong> flood wall along the eastern bank <strong>of</strong> the stream, located along<br />
property boundaries. There is an existing wall at Lidl but this does not have sufficient height<br />
to provide 500 mm freeboard and it is therefore proposed to construct a concrete stub wall,<br />
approximately 450 mm high, on top <strong>of</strong> the existing bank through the grounds <strong>of</strong> Lidl. The<br />
remainder <strong>of</strong> the wall will be masonry faced reinforced concrete, approximately 1.1 m high in<br />
relation to the level <strong>of</strong> the adjacent gardens.<br />
Plate 7.6: Carrigfadda Stream (Assolas Stream)<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 7-10 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Plate 7.7: Millrace<br />
7.3.3.3 Millrace<br />
Directly draining to the main Ilen channel, this is a small stream with very limited flows which<br />
resembles a drainage ditch in parts. The lower sections are silted, tidal and overgrow. Apart from<br />
flounder and stickleback remaining in small pools as the tide recedes the stream is too small to have<br />
significant value for fish (See Appendix 7.3 Fish Stock Survey). As a precautionary measure some<br />
<strong>of</strong> the silted areas were checked for juvenile lamprey; however none were detected. A section <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Mill Race is shown in Plate 7.7.<br />
The following works, which will have or are expected to have an instream component, are planned:<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 7-11 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
The downstream section <strong>of</strong> the existing Mill Race will be culverted over approximately 108 m<br />
upstream from the Mill Road road crossing, parallel to a local road, and culverted under this local<br />
roadway. The Mill Race will be diverted from its existing road crossing to this new crossing.<br />
7.3.3.4 Showgrounds Stream (Lurriga Stream)<br />
This shallow stream flows along the southern boundary <strong>of</strong> the townland <strong>of</strong> Lurriga from west to east<br />
and discharges into the Ilen River. The southern banks <strong>of</strong> this stream, within the study area, consists<br />
<strong>of</strong> a sports ground and the northern side is dominated by farmland. The lower reaches <strong>of</strong> this stream<br />
are brackish. Small numbers <strong>of</strong> brown trout and stickleback were recorded in the middle reaches <strong>of</strong><br />
the stream during the fish stock survey (see Appendix 7.3 Fish Survey Report). Excessive algal<br />
growth in the lower reaches is indicative <strong>of</strong> nutrient enrichment probably due to the large number <strong>of</strong><br />
cattle watering points within the stream. See Plate 7.8.<br />
The following works, which will have or are expected to have an instream component, are planned:<br />
Approximately two sections <strong>of</strong> concrete culvert, one 48 m <strong>of</strong> culvert between the River Ilen flood<br />
defence embankment/wall and the eastern side <strong>of</strong> the Mill Road, and one 15 m culvert to the east <strong>of</strong><br />
Lurriga Road. The culverts will pass under the roadway.<br />
Plate 7.8: Lurriga Stream (Showgrounds Stream)<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 7-12 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
7.3.3.5 Glencurragh Stream<br />
The confluence <strong>of</strong> the Glencurragh Stream with the River Ilen is located to the southwest <strong>of</strong> The<br />
Moorings Housing Estate on the Schull Road, N71.This is a small, heavily modified and silty stream<br />
which is <strong>of</strong> no significant fisheries value. A section <strong>of</strong> the stream is shown in Plate 7.9. The following<br />
works, which will have or are expected to have an instream component, are planned:<br />
Immediately west <strong>of</strong> The Moorings Housing Estate, it is proposed to construct a pumping station (PS)<br />
adjacent the Glencurragh Stream. Flows from the stream will be pumped from the PS to the River<br />
Ilen when the tidal influence in the Ilen channel does not allow the stream to freely discharge to the<br />
main Ilen channel. A non return valve will be fitted to the downstream side <strong>of</strong> the existing<br />
Glencurragh Stream culvert under the Schull Road.<br />
Plate 7.9: Glencurragh Stream<br />
7.3.4 Water Quality<br />
7.3.4.1 EPA Data<br />
The <strong>Environmental</strong> Protection Agency carries out a biological assessment <strong>of</strong> most river channels in<br />
the country on a regular basis. The assessments are used to derive Q values, indicators <strong>of</strong> the<br />
biological quality <strong>of</strong> the water. The biological health <strong>of</strong> a watercourse provides an indication <strong>of</strong> long<br />
term water quality. The EPA website, http://www.epa.ie/rivermap/data, contains information regarding<br />
water quality in selected Irish rivers based on surveys carried out by the EPA. The EPA Q value<br />
scheme is summarised in Table 7.3.<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 7-13 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
The intermediate ratings Q1-2, Q2-3, Q3-4 and Q4-5 are used to denote transitional conditions, while<br />
ratings within parenthesis indicate borderline values. Great importance is attached to the EPA biotic<br />
indices, and consequently it is these data that are generally used to form the basis <strong>of</strong> water quality<br />
management plans for river catchments.<br />
Table 7.3: EPA Biotic Index Scheme<br />
Q Value Water Quality Pollution Condition<br />
5 Good Unpolluted Satisfactory<br />
4 Fair Unpolluted Satisfactory<br />
3 Doubtful Moderately polluted Unsatisfactory<br />
2 Poor Seriously polluted Unsatisfactory<br />
1 Bad Seriously polluted Unsatisfactory<br />
Source: EPA 2011<br />
In estuarine waterways the EPA rates water quality as Unpolluted, Intermediate, Potentially eutrophic<br />
and eutrophic. The former two are considered to be acceptable estuarine water quality, while the<br />
latter two water quality ratings are considered as unsatisfactory.<br />
Within the overall study area, the EPA indicators <strong>of</strong> water quality are shown in Table 7.4 below.<br />
Table 7.4: EPA Q values for the Waterways in Relation to the Study Area<br />
River/<br />
Approximate Distance from<br />
Location<br />
2009 Q Values<br />
Waterway<br />
Development Site<br />
Ilen Caheragh 9.4 km upstream on the river Ilen 4 - Satisfactory<br />
Saivnoise Robins’s cross 7.8 km upstream and 500m upstream<br />
<strong>of</strong> the confluence <strong>of</strong> this river with<br />
the Ilen<br />
Ilen Ballyhilly Bridge 1.2 km upstream <strong>of</strong> the <strong>of</strong> the study<br />
Ilen Estuary<br />
Timoleauge &<br />
Courtmacksherry<br />
area<br />
Lurriga crossroads to Horseshoe<br />
harbours on Sherkin Island<br />
4 - Satisfactory<br />
4 - Satisfactory<br />
Estuarine & coastal<br />
water quality –<br />
Unpolluted<br />
It is noted that water quality has improved in recent years and is expected to improve further with the<br />
completion <strong>of</strong> the new wastewater treatment plant for Skibbereen which is expected to be completed<br />
in approximately the next 2-3 years.<br />
7.3.4.2 Water Framework Directive<br />
The Water Framework Directive (WFD) is a key initiative aimed at improving water quality throughout<br />
the EU. It applies to rivers, lakes, groundwater, and coastal waters. The Directive requires an<br />
integrated approach to managing water quality on a river basin basis; with the aim <strong>of</strong> maintaining and<br />
improving water quality. The Directive requires that management plans be prepared on a river basin<br />
basis and specifies a structured approach to developing those plans. It requires that a programme <strong>of</strong><br />
measures for improving water quality be brought into effect by 2012 at the latest.<br />
Specifically the WFD aims to:-<br />
• Protect/enhance all waters (surface, ground and coastal waters);<br />
• Achieve "good status" for all waters by December 2015;<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 7-14 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
• Manage water bodies based on river basins (or catchments);<br />
• Involve the public; and<br />
• Streamline legislation.<br />
(A)<br />
The Water Frameworks Directive assesses the water quality <strong>of</strong> rivers and ranks their status as<br />
follows:-<br />
• High<br />
• Good<br />
• Moderate<br />
• Poor<br />
• Bad<br />
• Yet to be determined<br />
B) The Water Frameworks Directive also determines the “Risk” level <strong>of</strong> a river as follows:-<br />
• 1a – At risk <strong>of</strong> not achieving Good Status<br />
• 1b – Probably at risk <strong>of</strong> not archiving Good Status<br />
• 2a – Expected to achieve Good Status<br />
• 2b – strongly expected to achieve Good Status<br />
C) The Water Frameworks Directive also sets out the future plans for the protection and<br />
restoration <strong>of</strong> rivers as follows:-<br />
• Protect<br />
• Restore – 2015<br />
• Restore – 2021<br />
• Restore - 2027<br />
The Ilen River, Ilen Estuary and Caol Stream have been assessed and classified as detailed below in<br />
Table 7.5.<br />
Table 7.5: WFD Status <strong>of</strong> Watercourses Within the Study Area<br />
Watercourse Status Risk Future Plans<br />
River Ilen, Freshwater<br />
section upstream <strong>of</strong> study<br />
area<br />
Good<br />
2a – Expected to achieve<br />
Good Status<br />
Caol stream Moderate 1b – Probably at risk <strong>of</strong> not<br />
achieving Good Status<br />
River Ilen Estuary Good 1a – At risk <strong>of</strong> not<br />
achieving Good Status<br />
(Source WFDI, 2011)<br />
Protect<br />
Restore - 2015<br />
Protect<br />
A fish stock survey was carried out at sites on the Ilen Estuary downstream <strong>of</strong> Skibbereen, as part <strong>of</strong><br />
the programme <strong>of</strong> monitoring for the Water Framework Directive (WFD), in October 2008 by staff from<br />
the Central Fisheries Board (CFB) and the South Western Regional Fisheries Board (SWRFB).<br />
Overall twenty three species including, many rocky habitat marine species (e.g. ballan wrasse,<br />
corkwing wrass and two-spotted goby) were captured in the survey indicating good diversity. A Water<br />
Framework Directive fish classification tool, Transitional Fish Classification Index or TFCI, has been<br />
developed for the island <strong>of</strong> Ireland (Ecoregion 1) using NIEA and CFB data. The Ilen Estuary has<br />
been classed as “Good” (EQR=0.675) status using the fish classification tool (SWRBD 2008).<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 7-15 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
South Western River Basin District Plan<br />
This Plan covers the period 2009–2015 and has been prepared in consultation with all stakeholders. It<br />
sets out the measures to be taken by all stakeholders and the tools to prioritise the application <strong>of</strong><br />
available resources to those measures, with the aim <strong>of</strong> achieving the objectives <strong>of</strong> the Water<br />
Framework Directive.<br />
This Plan notes that:-<br />
According to the <strong>Environmental</strong> Protection Agency 2009 report on urban waste water<br />
discharges, Skibbereen is among the 28 agglomerations nationally requiring secondary<br />
treatment that did not have the required level <strong>of</strong> treatment in place and were non-compliant with<br />
the requirements <strong>of</strong> the Urban Waste Water Treatment Regulations.<br />
Section 4.2.3 <strong>of</strong> the Plan (New modifications or sustainable development) notes:-<br />
Alternative objectives can also be set in cases where certain developments may cause a failure<br />
to achieve good status or to maintain high status. This is subject to the developments being <strong>of</strong><br />
overriding public interest and/or there being overriding benefits to human health and safety.<br />
Alternative options for delivering these benefits must be considered and all practicable steps<br />
must be taken to mitigate adverse impact on the water body as required by Regulation 33 <strong>of</strong><br />
the European Communities <strong>Environmental</strong> Objectives (Surface Waters) Regulations, S.I. No.<br />
272 <strong>of</strong> 2009.<br />
The absence from the plan <strong>of</strong> such developments does not preclude them from progressing,<br />
but they must be reported to the EC during subsequent plan updates. Examples <strong>of</strong> such<br />
developments may include the implementation <strong>of</strong> measures such as flood relief schemes.<br />
Section 6.1.1 <strong>of</strong> the Plan (Land Use Planning) notes:-<br />
Any potential impacts from future development on waters can be mitigated by properly<br />
incorporating the objectives established in this plan into development plans to ensure<br />
sustainable development.<br />
7.3.5 Fisheries<br />
The River Ilen is fished primarily for salmon and sea trout with little active fishing for brown trout.<br />
Spring fish run the river from March onwards and there are good runs <strong>of</strong> grilse from June to<br />
September. The main runs <strong>of</strong> salmon can be expected in May, June and July and these fish which<br />
make up the majority <strong>of</strong> the catches, average 2 kg. (4-5 lb.) Later, towards the end <strong>of</strong> August and into<br />
September, there has been a tendency for what can be described as a late or autumn run to appear<br />
with some salmon up to 7 kg. (RIAC, 2011).Sea trout run the river from March onwards.<br />
There is a draft net station some 1.5 m below Skibbereen in the Oldcourt/Church Cross area which<br />
operates from June to August respectively. However this does not appear to have been used in the<br />
last three years. The total quota for the River Ilen for 2011 is 417 broken down into 393 for rod and<br />
line and 24 for draught net. (Steve Rourke River Ilen Anglers Association pers. comm. 2011) The<br />
River Ilen is estimated to have a spawning requirement <strong>of</strong> over 900 salmon. Some stocking <strong>of</strong> the Ilen<br />
with salmon was carried out by the Coomhola Salmon Trust in 1992. (EirEco, 2007). A large part <strong>of</strong><br />
the river is managed by the River Ilen Anglers' Club based in Skibbereen. The season for Salmon &<br />
sea trout opens on February 15th and closes on September 30th for Salmon and on October 12th for<br />
sea trout. Although local information suggests that there were angling areas within the study area in<br />
the past, angling is now largely confined to the freshwater section <strong>of</strong> the Ilen upstream <strong>of</strong> the hospital.<br />
The loss <strong>of</strong> angling areas within the town may be due to poor water quality which prevents fish from<br />
holding in these areas (Steve Rourke River Ilen Anglers Association pers. comm.) It is noted however<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 7-16 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
that both sea trout and salmon migrate through the study area and any impedance <strong>of</strong> their movement<br />
could impact on populations. The Caol Stream does support brown trout <strong>of</strong> in excess <strong>of</strong> 0.5 lb in small<br />
numbers, which could be fished for; however angling pressure on this stream is probably light at<br />
present.<br />
7.3.6 Rare or Protected Aquatic Fauna<br />
Lamprey Species<br />
Three species <strong>of</strong> lamprey namely brook lamprey (Lampetra planeri), river lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis<br />
and sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) occur in Ireland and all three species are listed on Annex II <strong>of</strong><br />
the Habitats Directive. The aquatic habitats within the study area are tidal and as such do not provide<br />
suitable spawning areas for this species (i.e. gravel or cobble river bed substrate) or suitable habitat<br />
for juvenile ammocoete lamprey (sandy substrates that are rich in organic sediment). However as<br />
suitable habitats for lamprey exist within the overall catchment and in the absence <strong>of</strong> any definitive<br />
studies on their presence or absence, it is considered probable that this species migrate through the<br />
study area. Thus lamprey species could potentially be affected by direct barriers to migration or by<br />
plumes <strong>of</strong> silt which could also impact on migration.<br />
No lamprey were recorded during the Fish Stock Survey undertaken in August and September 2012<br />
by DixonBrosnan and Associates.<br />
Atlantic Salmon<br />
Atlantic salmon is listed under Annexes II and V <strong>of</strong> the EU Habitats Directive and Appendix III <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Bern Convention and is known to occur within the river. Although adults will migrate through the study<br />
area there are no suitable spawning gravels in this area due to its tidal nature. Salmon and sea trout<br />
will be passing through the study area virtually year round. However the quieter times for salmonid<br />
movement through the area tend to be during the period from January to March (M. McPartland pers.<br />
comm. 2011).<br />
European Eel<br />
Eels, which are considered under threat due to a massive decline in stocks, are present within the<br />
main channel and its tributaries (refer to Section 7.3 for records <strong>of</strong> Fish Survey)<br />
Freshwater Pearl Mussel<br />
Potential impacts to Freshwater Pearl Mussels are discussed in Chapter 8 Terrestrial Flora and<br />
Fauna.<br />
7.4 POTENTIAL IMPACTS<br />
7.4.1 Construction <strong>Impact</strong>s<br />
Works within the riverbed could potentially impact directly on aquatic habitats, macrophytes and<br />
macro-invertebrate populations. Aquatic invertebrates may be smothered by excessive deposits <strong>of</strong> silt<br />
from suspended solids or displaced. In areas <strong>of</strong> stony substrate, silt deposits may result in a change<br />
in the macro-invertebrate species composition, favouring less diverse assemblages. Aquatic plant<br />
communities may also be affected by increased siltation. Submerged groups in particular are likely to<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 7-17 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
be eliminated or stunted by excessive deposition <strong>of</strong> suspended solids, reducing plants ability to<br />
photosynthesise.<br />
High silt levels could settle on the river bed downstream causing damage to habitats and could<br />
potentially impact on fish health. Fish gills may become abraded by excessive exposure to elevated<br />
suspended solids level which can also lead to infection This may result in poor fish health and in rare<br />
cases mortality.<br />
A particular concern is that high silt levels from site works will coincide with low water levels in the<br />
River Ilen when fish are concentrated in pools downstream <strong>of</strong> the works being carried out. Plumes <strong>of</strong><br />
silt, if severe, could theoretically prevent fish such as salmon and lamprey from migrating through the<br />
study area or may change the timing <strong>of</strong> migration. If for example fish migration is delayed or if fish are<br />
displaced, fish may congregate in certain areas which will make them susceptible to predation from<br />
seals and human poaching.<br />
During construction concrete or hydrocarbons derived from construction activity (e.g. hydraulic oil or<br />
fuel spills) could also impact on water quality. Hydrocarbons can be directly toxic, may become<br />
trapped in sediments and can affect gaseous exchange at the water surface reducing oxygen levels.<br />
7.4.2 Operational Stage<br />
Structures such as culverts, particularly if incorrectly designed, may prevent fish from migrating<br />
through them due to the flow pattern in the culvert or behavioral changes resulting from the imposition<br />
<strong>of</strong> a new structure i.e. increased shade etc if not appropriately designed. This can lead to a net loss <strong>of</strong><br />
large areas <strong>of</strong> habitat as fish are unable to colonise or spawn within aquatic habitats upstream <strong>of</strong> an<br />
inappropriately designed culvert.<br />
Culverts and the bases <strong>of</strong> walls and embankments will directly impact on the substratum <strong>of</strong> the river<br />
directly removing habitat for macroinvertebrates and aquatic plants. Instream structures may change<br />
flow patterns resulting in loss <strong>of</strong> gravel substrate, increased siltation and may remove meanders and<br />
natural riffle-pool sequences, which are important for fish populations. Removal <strong>of</strong> riparian vegetation<br />
may reduce shade levels in summer and may remove refuges for adult fish. It may also destabilise<br />
the riverbanks thus causing increased erosion. This in turn may lead to a wider, shallower channel<br />
with fewer refuges for adult salmonids. Increased erosion may also lead to increased levels <strong>of</strong><br />
suspended solids in the longer term.<br />
7.4.3 Cumulative <strong>Impact</strong>s<br />
If works coincide with periods <strong>of</strong> very dry weather silt plumes could have a greater impact on fish<br />
populations and in particular Atlantic salmon holding station in pools downstream <strong>of</strong> works. If this<br />
occurs during times <strong>of</strong> peak fish movement the impact may be worsened. Poor water quality due to<br />
excess nutrients or toxicity from oil or fuel spills could also increase stress on fish under these<br />
conditions.<br />
7.4.4 Predicted <strong>Impact</strong>s in the Absence <strong>of</strong> Mitigation<br />
The predicted impacts in the absence <strong>of</strong> mitigation are detailed below in Table 7.6 below. The<br />
classification scheme which was used to determine the value <strong>of</strong> habitats and predicted impact on<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 7-18 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
them is based on the classification scheme used in the NRA publication Guidelines for assessment <strong>of</strong><br />
ecological impacts <strong>of</strong> National Road Schemes (NRA, 2006a Appendix 7.1). It is noted that the barrier<br />
between the tidal and freshwater sections <strong>of</strong> the different rivers is difficult to define precisely.<br />
Table 7.6: Predicted <strong>Impact</strong>s in the Absence <strong>of</strong> Mitigation<br />
Habitat Type Habitat Value Predicted <strong>Impact</strong>s in the Absence <strong>of</strong> Mitigation<br />
Tidal River CW2<br />
(Ilen)<br />
Tidal River CW2<br />
(Caol Stream and<br />
Showground stream)<br />
Tidal River CW2/<br />
Depositing river FW2<br />
Lurriga Stream<br />
(Showgrounds<br />
Stream)<br />
Tidal River CW2/<br />
Depositing river FW2<br />
Carrigfadda Stream<br />
(Assolas Stream)<br />
Tidal River CW2/<br />
Depositing river FW2<br />
(Mill Race stream)<br />
Nationally<br />
Important B<br />
High value C<br />
Moderate Value<br />
D<br />
Low to<br />
Moderate Value<br />
E to D<br />
Low Value E<br />
The overall Ilen catchment supports a number <strong>of</strong><br />
Annex II species including Atlantic salmon, otter,<br />
grey seal (occasional) and freshwater pearl mussel<br />
(upstream <strong>of</strong> the works area). It is also a nationally<br />
important salmon and sea trout fishery. The section<br />
<strong>of</strong> the River Ilen within the study area is tidal in<br />
nature and as such does not support areas suitable<br />
for salmonid or lamprey spawning, juvenile lamprey<br />
populations or populations <strong>of</strong> freshwater pearl<br />
mussel. There will be direct impacts on the bed <strong>of</strong><br />
the river due to widening, regrading, bridge<br />
maintenance and other works but no long term<br />
significant impacts on Habitats Directive Annex II<br />
species. The construction impacts are expected to<br />
be short-term and have the potential to be major<br />
negative in the absence <strong>of</strong> mitigation. The impacts<br />
are predicted to be moderate negative in the long<br />
term in the absence <strong>of</strong> mitigation.<br />
Supports a healthy population <strong>of</strong> brown trout and<br />
small numbers <strong>of</strong> juvenile Atlantic salmon were<br />
recorded upstream <strong>of</strong> the works area. The<br />
showground stream does support small numbers <strong>of</strong><br />
trout but is considered <strong>of</strong> less ecological value<br />
overall. Works on the downstream section <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Caol Stream will reduce habitat quality for<br />
invertebrates and fish. However no significant<br />
impact on salmon migrating through this area is<br />
predicted to occur outside <strong>of</strong> the immediate works<br />
period as no culverting is proposed. The<br />
construction impacts will be moderate negative to<br />
major negative in the short term in the absence <strong>of</strong><br />
mitigation. The long term impacts are predicted to<br />
be moderate negative in the absence <strong>of</strong> mitigation.<br />
Supports small numbers <strong>of</strong> trout although affected<br />
by localised nutrient enrichment in the lower<br />
reaches. The construction impacts will be moderate<br />
negative in the short term in the absence <strong>of</strong><br />
mitigation. The long term impacts are predicted to<br />
be minor negative in the absence <strong>of</strong> mitigation.<br />
No fish were detected in this watercourse however<br />
it is <strong>of</strong> sufficient size to support macro-invertebrate<br />
populations and possibly small populations <strong>of</strong> fish<br />
such as eel, stickleback and trout in pockets. The<br />
construction impacts will be minor negative in the<br />
short term in the absence <strong>of</strong> mitigation. The long<br />
term impacts are predicted to be minor negative in<br />
the absence <strong>of</strong> mitigation.<br />
Low value habitat overall. The construction impacts<br />
will be minor negative in the short term in the<br />
absence <strong>of</strong> mitigation. The long term impacts are<br />
predicted to be minor negative in the absence <strong>of</strong><br />
mitigation.<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 7-19 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Habitat Type Habitat Value Predicted <strong>Impact</strong>s in the Absence <strong>of</strong> Mitigation<br />
Tidal River CW2/<br />
Depositing river FW2<br />
(Glencurragh<br />
stream)<br />
Low value E<br />
Low value habitat, heavily modified and silted with<br />
limited flows. The construction impacts will be<br />
minor negative in the short term in the absence <strong>of</strong><br />
mitigation. The long term impacts are predicted to<br />
be minor negative in the absence <strong>of</strong> mitigation.<br />
7.5 MITIGATION MEASURES<br />
7.5.1 Construction<br />
Works associated with the drainage scheme will be carried out under the supervision <strong>of</strong> a suitably<br />
qualified and experienced ecologist (for in stream works only, i.e. monitoring <strong>of</strong> suspended solids).<br />
Where possible, it is expected that the Contractor will primarily gain access from the river banks;<br />
however temporary working areas within the river channel may be required for certain works. Works<br />
such as masonry facing to proposed floodwalls may be carried out from a temporary working platform<br />
on the riverside <strong>of</strong> the works. It is expected that access to construct proposed flood defences which<br />
are located away from the river’s edge will be from the landward side in order to avoid any impact to<br />
the river, e.g. embankments. Where in-stream works are proposed, the Contractor will be required to<br />
enter the watercourse, e.g. regrading <strong>of</strong> the riverbed and structural works to piers at John F. Kennedy<br />
Bridge etc. During such works, machine movements in the river will be minimised. Where feasible<br />
works should be carried out from the river bank or platforms constructed for this purpose.<br />
Where access to the river channel is required, detailed method statements will be drawn up which<br />
deal specifically with the different works proposed. The method statements will be drawn up in<br />
consultation with the supervising ecologist and agreed with the NPWS and IFI prior to the<br />
commencement <strong>of</strong> works.<br />
Detailed silt control methods will be required for all in-stream works. Although Atlantic salmon move<br />
through the Ilen system throughout the year movements are lowest in the period from January to<br />
March. Ideally works within the main channel <strong>of</strong> the Ilen should be carried out during this period. It is<br />
noted however that weather conditions may preclude works during this time window. Any works will<br />
require effective control <strong>of</strong> silt and it is expected that a variety <strong>of</strong> methods may be required i.e. silt<br />
curtains, c<strong>of</strong>fer dams, dewatering, silt sumps etc.<br />
Instream works on the Caol and Ilen and resultant silt plume should not, if possible, extent beyond<br />
60% <strong>of</strong> the width <strong>of</strong> the watercourse to prevent significant impacts on migrating fish.<br />
It is noted that due to tidal flooding use <strong>of</strong> silt curtains may be problematic and detailed measures for<br />
control <strong>of</strong> silt will need to designed and agreed with the IFI. A flexible, adaptable approach will be<br />
required to control silt levels and some restrictions on the timing <strong>of</strong> works (e.g. restricting works to an<br />
outgoing tide with silt curtains downstream <strong>of</strong> site works) may be required due to tidal factors if<br />
alternative silt control measures prove ineffective.<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 7-20 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
The level <strong>of</strong> suspended solids within the Ilen will naturally vary depending on seasonality, river flows<br />
and tidal influence and greater fluctuations would be expected compared with an equivalent<br />
freshwater ecosystem. It is recommended therefore that baseline data be obtained on suspended<br />
solid levels and nutrient levels within the works area <strong>of</strong> the Caol and River Ilen in the period prior to<br />
the commencement <strong>of</strong> site works. This data should be obtained from a minimum <strong>of</strong> twenty samples<br />
over the full range <strong>of</strong> the tidal cycle. Based on this data specific limits can be reached for levels <strong>of</strong><br />
suspended solids and nutrients in the mixing zone downstream <strong>of</strong> site works which take account <strong>of</strong><br />
baseline tidal fluctuations. These limits will be agreed with IFI and NPWS and incorporated into the<br />
detailed method statement for site works. Ongoing monitoring will also be agreed to ensure that site<br />
works do not elevate levels <strong>of</strong> suspended solids and nutrients above the set limits.<br />
Where possible, concrete works will be carried out in dry conditions with no in-stream pouring <strong>of</strong><br />
concrete. It may be necessary therefore to effectively sheet-pile or c<strong>of</strong>ferdam sections <strong>of</strong> the river and<br />
pump out the river water during the construction <strong>of</strong> the proposed works. If required, fish populations<br />
which become isolated will be salvaged via electr<strong>of</strong>ishing under licence from the Department <strong>of</strong><br />
Communications, Energy & Natural Resources and in consultation with Inland Fisheries Ireland.<br />
It is expected that most <strong>of</strong> the equipment used will be standard construction plant for a project <strong>of</strong> this<br />
nature, e.g. mechanical excavators, dump trucks, dewatering pumps, ready mix concrete lorries, pile<br />
drivers, rock breakers etc. All machinery should be maintained in good condition to prevent leakage<br />
<strong>of</strong> hydrocarbons. Fuelling and lubrication <strong>of</strong> equipment must not be carried out within 30 m <strong>of</strong> any<br />
watercourse.<br />
All contractors, sub-contractors and in particular machinery operators must be made aware <strong>of</strong> the<br />
provisions for protecting water quality as outlined in the method statements.<br />
Where possible, excavated material should not be stockpiled for a long-term period within 10 m <strong>of</strong> a<br />
watercourse. Where this measure is not implementable then specific silt control measures should be<br />
planned as part <strong>of</strong> the detailed method statement for site works in each specific area. Similarly bare<br />
soil along river banks must be prevented from collapsing or running <strong>of</strong>f into watercourses. Mitigation<br />
measures with regard to invasive species are detailed in Chapter 8 Terrestrial Flora and Fauna.<br />
7.5.2 Operation<br />
All culverts and walls must be designed to minimise impacts on fish and macro-invertebrate<br />
populations. All culverts will be designed with solid floors suppressed by an appropriate amount to<br />
allow for suitable streambed material to be deposited and for a suitable habitat to be generated within<br />
a given culvert. As natural a flow pattern as possible under low water/ low tide conditions will be<br />
provided in channels affected by site works. The structure and flow pattern within culverts on minor<br />
streams will be designed to allow fish to move through them. The slope <strong>of</strong> culverts will follow the<br />
existing gradient and trash screens are not envisaged. No significant drops in level at the outflows<br />
from culverts are proposed. It is noted that as these minor streams are tidal, free movement <strong>of</strong> fish<br />
through culverts at high tide is expected to occur.<br />
Although local information suggests that there were angling areas within the study area in the past,<br />
angling is now largely confined to the freshwater section <strong>of</strong> the Ilen upstream <strong>of</strong> the hospital. The loss<br />
<strong>of</strong> angling areas within the town may be due to poor water quality which prevents fish from holding in<br />
these areas (Steve Rourke River Ilen Anglers Association pers. comm). It is noted that water quality in<br />
the River Ilen is improving due to changes in the wastewater treatment collection and treatment<br />
system. It is likely therefore that increased salmon usage <strong>of</strong> pools within the study area could occur in<br />
the future and thus the works should ensure that these pools are retained in the Ilen once works are<br />
complete and that the Ilen is returned as close to its pre-works structure as possible.<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 7-21 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Input from a qualified fisheries/aquatic engineering specialist with experience in the design <strong>of</strong><br />
instream structures is required into the design <strong>of</strong> culverts and the post-works flow patterns and<br />
channel structure. Such supervision is particularly important for works on the Ilen and Caol Rivers.<br />
The specialist in conjunction with the supervising ecologist will be required to visit the watercourses<br />
prior to the commencement <strong>of</strong> site works to assess the existing channel structure, fish holding<br />
features, substrate composition, flow patterns etc. Where feasible such structures will be incorporated<br />
into the channels following completion <strong>of</strong> works.<br />
Culverts will be maintained to ensure that they do not become blocked and impassable.<br />
Lands entered or disturbed during construction will be reinstated to their original condition upon<br />
completion <strong>of</strong> the main works. Landscaping is to take place following construction, in a manner<br />
appropriate to each particular area. In particular hedges and trees along rivers will be replanted,<br />
where feasible, using the same mix <strong>of</strong> native species as originally present. Where such planting is<br />
unfeasible replacement planting will be carried out elsewhere within the study area.<br />
7.5.3 Cumulative<br />
The works in the River Ilen and Caol Stream are expected to generate relatively high levels <strong>of</strong> silt.<br />
The lower reaches <strong>of</strong> these rivers are tidal and therefore a high level <strong>of</strong> dilution would be provided at<br />
high tide and the habitats downstream <strong>of</strong> works are quite robust. However cumulative impacts could<br />
arise where levels in the river are exceptionally low or where other stressors such as a pollution<br />
incident have occurred. In these circumstances there could be cumulative impacts, particularly on<br />
migrating salmon and sea trout. Where significant pollution incidents are noted or suspected or where<br />
water levels in the river are particularly low, works should be paused and only resumed in consultation<br />
with IFI and NPWS.<br />
It is noted that reduction <strong>of</strong> flooding within the town will have a net positive impact on aquatic ecology<br />
as high flood levels within an urban setting have the potential to introduce into the river a wide range<br />
<strong>of</strong> potentially toxic substances including sewage, hydrocarbons, household chemicals etc.<br />
7.6 RESIDUAL IMPACTS<br />
A range <strong>of</strong> site works will be carried out in the main channel <strong>of</strong> the River Ilen which have the potential<br />
to generate silt and although there is no spawning areas or particularly sensitive aquatic habitats<br />
within or downstream <strong>of</strong> the works, such works could impact on aquatic habitats or migrating fish<br />
including salmon (Annex II), lamprey species (Annex II), European eels and sea trout/brown trout.<br />
Similarly spills <strong>of</strong> hydrocarbons could impact on fish populations and aquatic habitats. Whilst the<br />
mitigation measures required to control silt must take account <strong>of</strong> tidal factors, the control <strong>of</strong> silt and<br />
prevention <strong>of</strong> hydrocarbon contamination is expected to be effective. Overall, and although there will<br />
be some changes in bankside vegetation, the structure <strong>of</strong> the river will remain largely unchanged and<br />
there will be no barriers to migrating fish. Overall the impact is expected to be localised and shortterm<br />
and is therefore predicted under the NRA classification scheme to be Moderate Negative.<br />
The Caol Stream supports brown trout, eels and salmon and is tidal within the works area. The<br />
provision <strong>of</strong> a 340 m walled channel will impact on areas <strong>of</strong> the stream which have been significantly<br />
modified and thus is not <strong>of</strong> high ecological value in relation to the overall Caol Stream. However it<br />
does support adult brown trout and eel in small numbers, is visited by flounder and grey mullet and<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 7-22 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
also salmon and possibly sea trout will migrate through the works area. The walled channel will be<br />
designed to preserve and recreate natural flow and substrate conditions as much as possible. Overall<br />
there will be a net loss <strong>of</strong> moderate quality habitat and generation <strong>of</strong> silt/disturbance during site works;<br />
however no significant long term impact on fish populations within the Caol is predicted. Overall the<br />
impact is expected to be localised and long-term and is therefore predicted under the NRA<br />
classification scheme to be Moderate Negative.<br />
The Showgrounds stream supports a small population <strong>of</strong> brown trout and as such is <strong>of</strong> local value. No<br />
fish were detected in the section <strong>of</strong> watercourse in which the culvert will be placed and water quality in<br />
this section <strong>of</strong> the stream appears to be impaired by upstream agricultural impacts. The culvert will be<br />
designed to allow fish to migrate through it and to recreate as much as possible the natural substrate.<br />
As movement <strong>of</strong> fish will not be prevented, fish within this stream are not expected to become isolated<br />
from the main channel. Overall impact is expected to be localised and long-term and is therefore<br />
predicted under the NRA classification scheme to be Minor Negative.<br />
No fish were detected in the Assolas Stream (Carrigfadda Stream) however it is <strong>of</strong> sufficient size to<br />
support fish in certain sections. Overall impact is expected to be localised and long-term and is<br />
therefore predicted under the NRA classification scheme to be Minor Negative.<br />
The remaining watercourses to be affected (Mill Race and Glencurragh stream) are small and <strong>of</strong> no<br />
significant value for fish. Overall impact is expected to be localised and long-term and is therefore<br />
predicted under the NRA classification scheme to be Not Significant.<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 7-23 Rev. F01
Skibbereen (River Ilen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
8 TERRESTRIAL FLORA AND FAUNA<br />
8.1 INTRODUCTION<br />
In parallel to the assessment <strong>of</strong> impacts on aquatic ecology, DixonBrosnan and Associates<br />
(<strong>Environmental</strong> Consultants) were also commissioned by RPS to prepare this Chapter which<br />
addresses the impacts <strong>of</strong> the proposed works on terrestrial ecology. DixonBrosnan and Associates<br />
had previously provided ecological input into the design process during the constraints and<br />
identification <strong>of</strong> preferred option stages.<br />
This Chapter describes and evaluates the habitats with their representative flora and fauna in order to<br />
describe and assess the impacts which would result from the proposed drainage scheme. The<br />
chapter follows the structure and protocols detailed in Advice notes on current practice in the<br />
preparation <strong>of</strong> <strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong>s (EPA 2003) and Guidelines on the information to be<br />
contained in <strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong>s (EPA 2002). The classification scheme used in the<br />
NRA publication Guidelines for assessment <strong>of</strong> ecological impacts <strong>of</strong> National Road Schemes (NRA,<br />
2006a Appendix 7. 1) was also used in this report. This ecological assessment was carried out by<br />
Carl Dixon M.Sc. Applied Ecology and Vincent Murphy M.Sc. Ecosystem Conservation & Landscape<br />
Management.<br />
8.2 METHODOLOGY<br />
8.2.1 Desktop Review<br />
Desk top studies and walk over surveys were carried out in 2011 and relevant ecological constraints<br />
were identified. These were detailed in the Constraints Report prepared by RPS (July, 2011) and<br />
were factored into the matrix used to determine the preferred option for the drainage scheme (Multi<br />
Criteria Analysis Report, January 2012). This Chapter assesses the impacts on terrestrial ecology<br />
potentially arising from this preferred flood relief option.<br />
8.2.2 Consultation<br />
As the statutory bodies responsible for Fisheries and Ecology respectively, both the IFI (Inland<br />
Fisheries Ireland) and NPWS (National Parks and Wildlife Service) were consulted at the Constraints<br />
Stage and during the EIS Stage. The results <strong>of</strong> consultation with IFI are detailed in Chapter 7<br />
Aquatic Flora and Fauna, which assesses impacts on aquatic flora and fauna including water quality<br />
and fisheries. It is noted that there is a degree <strong>of</strong> overlap between this Chapter 8 Terrestrial Flora<br />
and Fauna and Chapter 7 Aquatic Flora and Fauna. The NPWS noted that otters, bat species and<br />
kingfisher are known to utilise the River Ilen catchment (O’Donnell pers. comm.). The NPWS<br />
database notes the presence <strong>of</strong> three protected invertebrate species in the 10 km squares W03 and<br />
W13 within which the proposed flood relief option is located. Freshwater mussels are not considered<br />
an issue as the areas to be affected are tidal in nature. Neither Marsh fritillary (butterfly) nor the Kerry<br />
slug were recorded, or are likely to occur. Four protected and Red Data Book plant species are<br />
recorded within the 10 km squares W03 and W13, namely lesser snapdragon, annual knawel, wood<br />
cranesbill and Killarney Fern. None <strong>of</strong> these species are likely to occur within the study area. Two<br />
locally scarce plants were recorded in the area in 1997; pink-flowered hedge bindweed and English<br />
scurvy grass (RPS 1997). None <strong>of</strong> the species identified above were recorded within the areas<br />
affected by the proposed works during the field surveys undertaken in June, August and September<br />
2012 as described below. The timeline and a brief summary <strong>of</strong> consultations with the NPWS District<br />
Conservation Office is detailed below Table 8.1. Further details on consultation is provided in<br />
Chapter 3 Methodology and Consultation and Table 7.1 <strong>of</strong> Chapter 7 Aquatic Flora and Fauna.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 8-1 Rev. F01
Skibbereen (River Ilen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Table 8.1: Consultation<br />
Consultee Date Summary <strong>of</strong> Response<br />
National Parks and Wildlife<br />
Service (NPWS);<br />
Phone call Declan O' Donnell<br />
(District Conservation Officer)<br />
13/6/2011 and 17/9/2012<br />
Otters, bat species and kingfisher<br />
are known to utilise the Ilen<br />
catchment. Primary concern is that<br />
potential impacts on designated<br />
sites are effectively dealt with. No<br />
specific concerns in relation to local<br />
ecology.<br />
8.2.3 Field Survey<br />
As part <strong>of</strong> this environmental impact assessment surveys were carried out in June, August and<br />
September 2012 to identify and assess the impact <strong>of</strong> the proposed drainage scheme on flora and<br />
fauna. As walk over surveys within the overall study had already been carried out in June and July<br />
2011, the surveys carried out in 2012 focused specifically on the areas affected by site works.<br />
Habitats were mapped according to the classification scheme outlined in the Heritage Council<br />
publication A Guide to Habitats in Ireland (Fossitt, 2000) and in line with the guidelines contained in<br />
Best Practice Guidance for Habitat Survey and Mapping”, Heritage Council, 2010. Invasive species<br />
were also recorded and mapped. The classification scheme used to define the value <strong>of</strong> habitats and<br />
to define impacts is based on a classification scheme used by the National Roads Authority (NRA)<br />
Guidelines for the assessment <strong>of</strong> ecological impacts <strong>of</strong> National Road Schemes (NRA, 2006a). This<br />
classification scheme is included in Appendix 7.1. The presence <strong>of</strong> fauna was determined via direct<br />
observation or through observation <strong>of</strong> tracks and signs. Where required, seasonal factors were taken<br />
into consideration during the preparation <strong>of</strong> this chapter.<br />
8.3 EXISTING ENVIRONMENT<br />
8.3.1 Designated Sites<br />
There are no designated conservation sites within the study area. Thus the study area does not<br />
include, nor is it located adjacent to a Special Area <strong>of</strong> Conservation (SAC), Natural Heritage Area<br />
(NHA), Special Protection Area (SPA), National Park or Nature Reserve. Table 8.2 below provides an<br />
overview <strong>of</strong> Natura 2000 sites within 10 km <strong>of</strong> the study area.<br />
Table 8.2: Designated Sites Located Within 10 km <strong>of</strong> the Proposed Development<br />
Site Name<br />
Lough Hyne<br />
Nature Reserve<br />
and Environs<br />
Sheep’s Head<br />
to Toe Head<br />
Qualifying interests<br />
Designated for the habitats<br />
reefs, large shallow inlets &<br />
bays, submerged and<br />
partially submerged sea<br />
caves.<br />
Important populations <strong>of</strong><br />
Chough and Peregrine<br />
breed in the SPA. There is<br />
also a nationally important<br />
population <strong>of</strong> Black<br />
Guillemot and smaller<br />
populations <strong>of</strong> other<br />
Designation<br />
Type<br />
Site<br />
Code<br />
Approximate Location<br />
(at nearest point)<br />
Relative to Skibbereen<br />
cSAC 000097 4 km to the southsouthwest<br />
SPA 004156 4 km to the south<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 8-2 Rev. F01
Skibbereen (River Ilen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Site Name<br />
Castletownsend<br />
Roaringwater<br />
Bay and Islands<br />
Myross wood<br />
Qualifying interests<br />
breeding sea birds; Fulmar,<br />
Herring Gull, Kittiwake,<br />
Shag and Great blackbacked<br />
Gull.<br />
Sessile Oak and Beech<br />
woodland with an<br />
understorey <strong>of</strong> Holly and<br />
Hazel. Designated for the<br />
species Killarney Fern.<br />
Designated for the habitats<br />
reefs, large shallow inlets &<br />
bays, vegetated sea cliffs<br />
<strong>of</strong> the Atlantic coast,<br />
European dry heath and<br />
submerged and partially<br />
submerged sea caves as<br />
well as the species otter,<br />
harbour porpoise and grey<br />
seal.<br />
Semi-natural woodland<br />
consisting <strong>of</strong> Oak, Downy<br />
Birch, Holly, Hazel,<br />
Sycamore, Beech and<br />
Silver Fir with a diverse<br />
ground flora including many<br />
ferns. Designated for the<br />
Killarney Fern.<br />
Designation<br />
Type<br />
Site<br />
Code<br />
Approximate Location<br />
(at nearest point)<br />
Relative to Skibbereen<br />
cSAC 001547 6 km to the eastsoutheast<br />
cSAC 000101 8 km to the southwest<br />
cSAC 001070 8.5 km to the east<br />
Special Areas <strong>of</strong> Conservation<br />
The River Ilen flows into Roaringwater Bay and Islands cSAC (Site Code 101) approximately 8 km<br />
from the works area and this is the only designated SAC which could theoretically be directly affected.<br />
The qualifying interests for this site are detailed below:-<br />
Large Shallow Inlets and Bays [1160]<br />
Reefs [1170]<br />
Vegetated Sea Cliffs <strong>of</strong> the Atlantic and Baltic Coasts [1230]<br />
Harbour Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) [1351]<br />
Otter (Lutra lutra) [1355]<br />
Grey Seal (Halichoerus grypus) [1364]<br />
European Dry Heaths [4030]<br />
Submerged or Partly Submerged Sea Caves [8330]<br />
At this stage no significant impact on the qualifying interests and conservation objectives for this or<br />
any <strong>of</strong> the other designated SACs outlined in Table 8.2 are envisaged.<br />
See Appendix 7.2 Appropriate Assessment Screening.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 8-3 Rev. F01
Skibbereen (River Ilen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Special Protection Areas (SPAs)<br />
The Sheep’s Head to Toe Head SPA is located 6km south <strong>of</strong> Skibbereen. The habitats within the SPA<br />
are mainly sea cliffs with sand dunes at Barley Cove and Crookhaven. The part <strong>of</strong> the SPA from<br />
Baltimore to Toe Head includes sheltered bays, estuaries and exposed headlands. Peregrine and<br />
Chough breed in the SPA. No significant impact on the qualifying interests and conservation objectives<br />
for this designated site is envisaged.<br />
See Appendix 7.2 Appropriate Assessment Screening.<br />
8.3.2 Habitats<br />
A number <strong>of</strong> site visits were carried out throughout 2011 and 2012 (refer to section 8.2.3 for details).<br />
All habitats were classified to level 3 <strong>of</strong> the classification scheme outlined in A Guide to Habitats in<br />
Ireland (Fossitt 2000). It should be noted that some <strong>of</strong> the habitats are transitional and where this<br />
occurs they are placed in the category they most resemble. The habitats to be affected by site works<br />
are generally common and unlikely to support rare or protected species. No rare or uncommon<br />
species <strong>of</strong> plant were recorded within the areas affected by the proposed site works. A broad<br />
overview <strong>of</strong> habitats within the study area is presented in Figure 8.1 below. Notes on the specific<br />
areas affected by site works and the habitats they contain are included as Appendix 8.1 Habitats<br />
affected by the proposed scheme. An overview <strong>of</strong> habitats and their ecological value is presented<br />
in Table 8.3. The evaluation scheme used in Table 8.3 is based on the scheme detailed in the NRA<br />
publication Guidelines for assessment <strong>of</strong> ecological impacts <strong>of</strong> National Road Schemes (NRA, 2006a)<br />
(Appendix 7.1 Site Evaluation Scheme and Criteria for Assessing <strong>Impact</strong>).<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 8-4 Rev. F01
Skibbereen (River Ilen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Figure 8.1: An Overview <strong>of</strong> Habitats Within the overall Study Area based on the initial<br />
constraints study<br />
* It is noted that the barrier between the tidal and freshwater sections <strong>of</strong> the watercourses is difficult to define<br />
precisely.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 8-5 Rev. F01
Skibbereen (River Ilen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Table 8.3: Terrestrial Habitat Values and Predicted <strong>Impact</strong>s<br />
Habitat Type<br />
Tidal River CW2<br />
(Ilen)<br />
Tidal River CW2<br />
(Caol Stream and<br />
Showground<br />
Stream)<br />
Tidal River CW2/<br />
Depositing River<br />
FW2<br />
Lurriga Stream<br />
(Showgrounds<br />
Stream)<br />
Tidal River CW2/<br />
Depositing River<br />
FW2<br />
Carrigfadda Stream<br />
(Assolas Stream)<br />
Tidal River CW2/<br />
Depositing River<br />
FW2<br />
Mill Stream and<br />
Glencurragh Stream<br />
Treelines WL2/<br />
Hedgerows WL1<br />
Habitat<br />
Value<br />
Nationally<br />
Important B<br />
High value C<br />
Moderate<br />
Value D<br />
Low to<br />
Moderate<br />
Value E to D<br />
Low Value E<br />
Moderate<br />
value D<br />
Predicted <strong>Impact</strong>s in the Absence <strong>of</strong> Mitigation<br />
Measures<br />
The overall Ilen catchment supports a number <strong>of</strong><br />
Annex II species including Atlantic salmon, otter, grey<br />
seal (occasional) and freshwater pearl mussel. It also<br />
supports kingfisher which is listed on Annex I <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Birds Directive. There will be direct impacts on the<br />
bed <strong>of</strong> the river due to widening works and<br />
disturbance <strong>of</strong> mammals such as otter and grey seal<br />
and birds but no long term significant impacts on<br />
Habitats Directive Annex II species or Birds Directive<br />
Annex I species is predicted. The construction impacts<br />
on terrestrial ecology are expected to be short-term<br />
and have the potential to be moderate negative in<br />
the absence <strong>of</strong> mitigation. The long-term impacts are<br />
predicted to be moderate negative in the absence <strong>of</strong><br />
mitigation.<br />
Is used extensively by otter and specialised bird<br />
species such as heron and dipper. Works on the<br />
downstream section <strong>of</strong> the Caol Stream will reduce<br />
habitat quality for invertebrates and may cause some<br />
short-term displacement <strong>of</strong> otter and other fauna.<br />
However no significant impact on otter or salmon<br />
migrating through this area is predicted to occur. The<br />
construction impacts on terrestrial ecology are<br />
expected to be short-term and have the potential to be<br />
moderate negative in the absence <strong>of</strong> mitigation. The<br />
impacts are predicted to be minor negative in the<br />
long term in the absence <strong>of</strong> mitigation.<br />
Supports small numbers <strong>of</strong> trout and although affected<br />
by localised nutrient enrichment in the lower reaches<br />
could potentially provide feeding habitat for otter and<br />
piscivorous birds. The construction impacts will be<br />
minor negative in the short term in the absence <strong>of</strong><br />
mitigation. The long term impacts are predicted to be<br />
minor negative in the absence <strong>of</strong> mitigation.<br />
No fish were detected in this watercourse which<br />
reduces its value for species such as otter and<br />
piscivorous birds. The construction impacts will be<br />
minor negative in the short term in the absence <strong>of</strong><br />
mitigation. The long term impacts are predicted to be<br />
minor negative in the absence <strong>of</strong> mitigation.<br />
Low value habitat overall. The construction impacts<br />
will be minor negative in the short term in the<br />
absence <strong>of</strong> mitigation. The long term impacts are<br />
predicted to be minor negative in the absence <strong>of</strong><br />
mitigation.<br />
Small sections <strong>of</strong> treelines / hedgerows will be<br />
affected by the proposed works. Where treelines<br />
adjoin watercourses they help to provide structural<br />
support for river banks, cover and shade for fish and<br />
food for invertebrates and fish. The construction<br />
impacts will be moderate negative in the short term<br />
in the absence <strong>of</strong> mitigation. The long term impacts<br />
are predicted to be minor negative in the absence <strong>of</strong><br />
mitigation.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 8-6 Rev. F01
Skibbereen (River Ilen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Habitat Type<br />
Habitat<br />
Value<br />
Predicted <strong>Impact</strong>s in the Absence <strong>of</strong> Mitigation<br />
Measures<br />
Scrub WS1<br />
Reed and Large<br />
Sedge Swamp FS1<br />
Horticultural land<br />
BC2/ Buildings and<br />
artificial surfaces<br />
BL3/ Improved<br />
agricultural<br />
grassland GA1/<br />
Amenity grassland<br />
GA2 Wet grassland<br />
GS4/ Earth bank<br />
BL2/ Drainage ditch<br />
FW4/ Dry meadow<br />
and grassy verge<br />
GS2<br />
Low to<br />
moderate<br />
value E to D<br />
Low to<br />
moderate<br />
value E to D<br />
Low value E<br />
Occurs at various locations and species vary<br />
depending on ground conditions i.e. gorse on dryer<br />
ground, Willow where wetter conditions prevail. Does<br />
provide some cover and feeding habitat for birds and<br />
invertebrates. The construction impacts will be<br />
moderate to minor negative in the short term in the<br />
absence <strong>of</strong> mitigation. The long term impacts are<br />
predicted to be minor negative in the absence <strong>of</strong><br />
mitigation.<br />
Limited in extent. The construction impacts will be<br />
minor negative in the short term in the absence <strong>of</strong><br />
mitigation. The long term impacts are predicted to be<br />
minor negative in the absence <strong>of</strong> mitigation.<br />
These are all common low value habitats within the<br />
development area. The construction impacts will be<br />
minor negative in the short term in the absence <strong>of</strong><br />
mitigation. The long term impacts are predicted to be<br />
minor negative in the absence <strong>of</strong> mitigation.<br />
8.3.3 Invasive Species<br />
Two notable invasive species were noted during the site survey namely Japanese Knotweed and<br />
Himalayan Balsam. Both <strong>of</strong> these species are highly invasive and impact on ecology by forming<br />
dense stands, particularly along watercourses, and suppressing native vegetation. Japanese<br />
Knotweed in particular can be easily spread and is very difficult to eradicate and extreme care is<br />
required for any works where this species is present. Figure 8.4 shows the areas identified as<br />
supporting invasive species during survey work in 2011 and 2012. It is noted that these species may<br />
spread in the period between these surveys and the commencement <strong>of</strong> works. The distribution <strong>of</strong><br />
invasive species is shown below in Figures 8.2 to 8.4 below.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 8-7 Rev. F01
Skibbereen (River Ilen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Fig. 8.2: Dense Stands <strong>of</strong> Japanese Knotweed long the Lower Reaches <strong>of</strong> the Mill Race<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 8-8 Rev. F01
Skibbereen (River Ilen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Fig. 8.3: Himalayan Balsam and Japanese Knotweed are Patchy Distributed Along the Caol<br />
Stream from the SuperValu Car Park for Approximately 400 m Upstream<br />
Fig. 8.4: Japanese Knotweed Along the <strong>Main</strong> Ilen Channel Downstream <strong>of</strong> John F. Kennedy<br />
Bridge<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 8-9 Rev. F01
Skibbereen (River Ilen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
8.3.4 Mammals<br />
Otters<br />
Otters, along with their breeding and resting places are protected under the provisions <strong>of</strong> the Wildlife<br />
Act 1976, as amended by the Wildlife (Amendment) Act, 2000. Otters have additional protection<br />
because <strong>of</strong> their inclusion in Annex II and Annex IV <strong>of</strong> the Habitats Direct which is transposed into<br />
Irish law in the European Communities (Natural Habitats) Regulations (S.I 94 <strong>of</strong> 1997), as amended.<br />
Otters are also listed as requiring strict protection in Appendix II <strong>of</strong> the Berne Convention on the<br />
Conservation <strong>of</strong> European Wildlife and Natural Habitats and are included in the Convention on<br />
International Trade <strong>of</strong> Endangered Species (CITES)(Guidelines for the treatment <strong>of</strong> otters prior to the<br />
construction <strong>of</strong> National Road schemes NRA 2005b).<br />
Although rare in parts <strong>of</strong> Europe they are widely distributed in the Irish countryside in both marine and<br />
freshwater habitats. Otters are solitary and nocturnal and as such are rarely seen. Thus surveys for<br />
Otters rely on detecting signs <strong>of</strong> their presence. These signs include spraints (faeces), anal gland<br />
secretions, paths, slides, footprints and remains <strong>of</strong> prey items. Spraints are <strong>of</strong> particular value as they<br />
are used as territorial markers and are <strong>of</strong>ten found on prominent locations such as grass tussocks,<br />
stream junctions and under bridges. In addition they are relatively straightforward to identify.<br />
Otters occasionally dig out their own burrows (holts) but generally they make use <strong>of</strong> existing cavities<br />
as resting placing or for breeding sites. Suitable locations include eroded riverbanks, under trees<br />
along rivers, under fallen trees, within rock piles or in dry drainage pipes or culverts etc. If ground<br />
conditions are suitable the holt may consist <strong>of</strong> a complex tunnel and chamber system. Otters <strong>of</strong>ten lie<br />
out above ground especially within reedbeds where depressions in the vegetation called “couches”<br />
are formed. Generally holts or resting areas can be located by detecting signs such as spraints or<br />
tracks.<br />
A previous report on the River Ilen carried out in 2007 (EriCo, 2007) observed otter foraging upstream<br />
<strong>of</strong> John F. Kennedy Bridge. The same report noted the presence <strong>of</strong> a known holt immediately<br />
downstream <strong>of</strong> the same bridge and the presence <strong>of</strong> a second holt on the western bank opposite<br />
Parochial House. The DixonBrosnan surveys carried out in June and July 2011 and June, August and<br />
September 2012 did not record evidence <strong>of</strong> Otters in these areas; however it is expected that Otter<br />
use the main channel <strong>of</strong> the Ilen at various locations. The only signs <strong>of</strong> otter recorded in 2011 were<br />
noted upstream <strong>of</strong> Curragh Bridge in the vicinity <strong>of</strong> the confluence area with the Lurriga stream. In<br />
September 2012 otter prints were recorded on the Mill Race 30 m upstream <strong>of</strong> its confluence with the<br />
main channel <strong>of</strong> the Ilen. It is possible that otters are feeding on common frog which was observed in<br />
this area and on fish that move into this channel during high tide. Given its limited size, the Mill Race<br />
is unlikely to be a critical feeding resource. Extensive evidence <strong>of</strong> otter activity was also recorded on<br />
the Caol Stream including spraints, slides and resting areas. No breeding holts were recorded in this<br />
area. These signs were noted in a defined area associated with a privet walkway running northwest<br />
for approximately 350 m from a caravan and camping park. This walkway is well maintained with<br />
bankside vegetation such as willows, alder, grasses, bramble, reeds and iris. On the other side <strong>of</strong> the<br />
lawn path is a line <strong>of</strong> planted immature ash trees up to 4 m in height. On the other side <strong>of</strong> this treeline<br />
is an area <strong>of</strong> marsh. These habitats in combination provide excellent cover and resources for Otters<br />
however no holts were detected within 150 m <strong>of</strong> the proposed works during surveys in 2011 and<br />
2012.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 8-10 Rev. F01
Skibbereen (River Ilen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Figure 8.5: Locations <strong>of</strong> Otter Activity<br />
Grey Seal<br />
Grey seal are a qualifying interest for the Roaringwater Bay and Islands cSAC located 8 km<br />
downstream <strong>of</strong> the study area. They do move upstream to feed and have been recorded feeding on<br />
salmon in pools in the river close to the hospital immediately upstream <strong>of</strong> the study area. (Steve<br />
Rourke (River Ilen Anglers Association) pers. comm, 2011). Although there may be some minor<br />
disturbance <strong>of</strong> this species during construction works on the Ilen, it will be limited to the duration <strong>of</strong> the<br />
works. As this is a mobile species for which the Ilen this far upstream is unlikely to be a critical feeding<br />
resource, no significant impact on this species is envisaged.<br />
See Appendix 7.2 Appropriate Assessment Screening which addresses impacts to Natura 2000<br />
sites and their qualifying features in further detail.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 8-11 Rev. F01
Skibbereen (River Ilen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
8.3.5 Bats<br />
A bat survey was carried out within the study area (see Appendix 8.2 Bat Survey Report) in<br />
September 2011. The primary aims <strong>of</strong> the study were to identify any potential roosting sites and to<br />
observe general activity patterns within the study area. The desktop study did not identify any<br />
significant bat roosts within the study area and there are no known roosts <strong>of</strong> lesser horseshoe bat,<br />
which are listed on Annex II <strong>of</strong> the Habitats Directive, within this general area. The most downstream<br />
bridge on the Caol Stream has a small number <strong>of</strong> crevices which could potentially be used by bats<br />
however it is probable that the crevices under this tidal bridge flood and thus it is not expected to be <strong>of</strong><br />
value for bats. None <strong>of</strong> the trees to be removed are <strong>of</strong> sufficient age or have the structural elements<br />
which would make them suitable as large scale bat roosts.<br />
The activity survey only recorded Soprano Bat (soprano pipistrelle) feeding within the study area.<br />
However it is considered probable that other species, particularly Daubenton's Bat could feed along<br />
watercourses during other times <strong>of</strong> the year. It is noted that the larger watercourses will remain as<br />
linear features although there will be culverting on minor streams. Soprano bat was the only species<br />
detected and activity was confined to the Ilen River. This adaptable species would be expected to<br />
adapt to relatively minor changes in channel structure associated with the works. The removal <strong>of</strong><br />
bankside vegetation and possible changes in aquatic invertebrate populations may reduce prey<br />
availability particularly in the short term. However regrowth <strong>of</strong> vegetation and recreation <strong>of</strong> aquatic<br />
substrates will minimise the impacts in the longer term.<br />
8.3.6 Birds<br />
Kingfisher are known to occur along the river particularly in the lower sections (D O’ Donnell NPWS<br />
pers. comm. 2011). The 2004 EIS prepared for the Skibbereen Wastewater Treatment Plant (RPS-<br />
MCOS 2004) notes the following in relation to birds along the Ilen River.<br />
“The river is fished by small numbers <strong>of</strong> cormorant, while the edges are used by a few<br />
redshank, mallard and grey wagtail. Flocks <strong>of</strong> oystercatcher and black-headed gull congregate<br />
either where there are larger areas <strong>of</strong> silt or, in the case <strong>of</strong> the gulls, where side streams enter.<br />
West <strong>of</strong> the site, the islands were being used as a high tide roost by lapwing (45), oystercatcher<br />
(25), curlew (1), greenshank (1) and cormorant (1).<br />
In summer, the river would attract good numbers <strong>of</strong> swallows, sand martins, willow warblers<br />
and bats to feed on its abundant fly life.<br />
The marine part <strong>of</strong> the estuary begins some 2 km below the outflow and consists <strong>of</strong> extensive<br />
mudflats at Newcourt and around Inishbeg Island. There are small numbers <strong>of</strong> shorebirds here<br />
in autumn and winter, involving widgeon, knot, curlew and redshank” (RPS-MCOS 2004).<br />
In addition grey heron, little egret, lesser black back gull, common gull, kestrel, grey wagtail, dipper,<br />
pied wagtail, greenfinch, dipper, starling, jackdaw, chaffinch, mallard, swallow, blue tit, great tit,<br />
blackbird, rook, jackdaw and magpie were noted during the walkover surveys in 2011 and 2012.<br />
Although breeding <strong>of</strong> common countryside birds in habitats such as treelines adjoining watercourses<br />
is likely to occur, no breeding sites for more specialist aquatic birds such as kingfisher (listed on<br />
Annex I <strong>of</strong> the Birds Directive), dipper, heron or grey wagtail were recorded within the area affected by<br />
site works. Cormorants were noted overflying the channel. Modifications to the channels <strong>of</strong> the River<br />
Ilen, Caol and minor streams may increase turbidity levels and cause disruptions to fish and<br />
invertebrate populations in the short term reducing prey availability and may cause disturbance to bird<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 8-12 Rev. F01
Skibbereen (River Ilen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
species. However in the longer term the impact on birds is likely to decrease as vegetation regrowth<br />
occurs and the substrate and fish habitat within the channels improve.<br />
BirdWatch Ireland and RSPB NI have agreed a list <strong>of</strong> priority bird species for conservation action on<br />
the island <strong>of</strong> Ireland. These Birds <strong>of</strong> Conservation Concern in Ireland are published in a list known as<br />
the BoCCI List. In this BoCCI List, birds are classified into three separate lists (Red, Amber and<br />
Green), based on the conservation value and priority <strong>of</strong> the species. The Red List birds are <strong>of</strong> high<br />
conservation concern, the Amber List birds are <strong>of</strong> medium conservation concern and the Green List<br />
birds are not considered threatened. Specific criteria are used to classify a bird into one <strong>of</strong> these three<br />
categories. Several species noted within the overall study area (cormorant, common gull, swallow,<br />
starling, kestrel) are included on the Amber List. Curlew and lapwing are included on the Red List.<br />
Little Egret is listed on Annex I <strong>of</strong> the EU Birds Directive. Overall however impacts will be largely<br />
confined to short term disturbance and the long-term impact on birds is not expected to be significant.<br />
8.3.7 Other Vertebrates<br />
No other protected mammals (Wildlife Act 1976 & 2000) were recorded within the study area. No<br />
signs <strong>of</strong> badger were recorded and given that most <strong>of</strong> the area to be affected is urban/suburban it is<br />
considered unlikely that this species will be present within the area affected. Hedgehog could occur in<br />
the study area however no large areas <strong>of</strong> habitat suitable for this species will be affected. Other<br />
protected species such as stoat and Irish hare could occur on the periphery <strong>of</strong> the works area<br />
however again no habitat <strong>of</strong> particularly high value for these species was recorded. In addition these<br />
species are mobile and any impact would be localised and short-term. Common frog, which is also<br />
protected under the Wildlife Act was recorded in the lower section <strong>of</strong> the Mill Stream. This area will be<br />
culverted leading to a small localised impact on this species.<br />
8.3.8 Invertebrates<br />
Pearl Mussel<br />
Margaritifera margaritifera, commonly called the freshwater pearl mussel, is one <strong>of</strong> three species <strong>of</strong><br />
large Unionacean bivalves found in Irish freshwaters. This species is known to exist in the River Ilen<br />
although no formal study has been completed (D O’ Donnell NPWS pers. comm.). Mussel shells were<br />
noted in the river during the walkover survey by DixonBrosnan in June 2011.<br />
A previous survey undertaken in 1997 as part <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> Study for the Skibbereen<br />
Northern Relief Road (RPS Cairns, 1997) carried out a survey for freshwater pearl mussel using subaqua<br />
equipment. No live specimens were recorded within the 1997 study area. The 1997 EIS also<br />
noted that the nearest known population <strong>of</strong> freshwater pearl mussel was approximately 1.2 km<br />
upstream <strong>of</strong> the current 2013 study area. The closest known location for freshwater pearl mussel in<br />
relation to the current study area is shown below in Figure 8.6. The habitats to be directly affected<br />
are influenced by tidal movements and the presence <strong>of</strong> significant numbers <strong>of</strong> this species within the<br />
study area is highly unlikely. Provided that there are no significant impacts on salmonid populations in<br />
the river (freshwater pearl mussel is dependent on the presence <strong>of</strong> salmon and trout as hosts for its<br />
larvae) no impact on freshwater pearl mussel is envisaged. <strong>Impact</strong>s on salmonid populations are<br />
dealt with in detail in Chapter 7, Aquatic Flora and Fauna; this chapter concludes that the long-term<br />
impact on salmonids will range from minor to moderate negative. Overall no significant long term risk<br />
to populations <strong>of</strong> freshwater pearl mussel is envisaged.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 8-13 Rev. F01
0 50 100<br />
Legend<br />
Historical locations for<br />
freshwater pearl mussel<br />
Flood Defences<br />
Innishmore,<br />
Ballincollig,<br />
Co Cork,<br />
Ireland<br />
T +353 21 4665900<br />
F +353 21 4873742<br />
E ireland@rpsgroup.com<br />
Wrpsgroup.com/ireland<br />
Project<br />
River Ilen (Skibbereen)<br />
Drainage Scheme<br />
<br />
Issue Details<br />
Drawn by: T Hurley<br />
Checked by: A Fitzgerald<br />
Approved by: B Brice<br />
Project No. MCE0703<br />
File Ref.<br />
MCE0703Mi0003F01<br />
Scale:<br />
N.T.S.<br />
Drawing No.<br />
Rev.<br />
Client<br />
Cork<br />
County<br />
Council<br />
Title<br />
Figure<br />
Historical locations for<br />
freshwater pearl mussel<br />
8.6<br />
Kilometers<br />
Date:<br />
Notes<br />
April 2013 Mi0003 F01<br />
1. This drawing is the property <strong>of</strong> RPS Group Ltd. It is a<br />
confidential document and must not be copied, used,<br />
or its contents divulged without prior written consent.<br />
2. All levels are referred to Ordnance Datum, Malin Head.<br />
3. Ordnance Survey Ireland Licence EN 0005013<br />
©Copyright Government <strong>of</strong> Ireland.
Skibbereen (River Ilen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
8.4 POTENTIAL IMPACTS<br />
A description <strong>of</strong> the proposed works is given in Section 2.4 <strong>of</strong> Chapter 2 Project Description. The<br />
main elements <strong>of</strong> the works are described below and shown on Figure 1.1 ARSR.<br />
8.4.1 Potential Construction <strong>Impact</strong>s<br />
The contract duration will be determined at the detailed design stage. It is expected that it will take<br />
approximately 24 months to complete the works. Construction will require direct removal <strong>of</strong> habitat<br />
and although none <strong>of</strong> the terrestrial habitats are <strong>of</strong> particularly high value, there will be a net loss <strong>of</strong><br />
vegetation which in turn will impact on birds, mammals and invertebrates. The loss <strong>of</strong> connective<br />
habitats and trees within the wider landscape could disrupt commuting routes for bats and birds. High<br />
levels <strong>of</strong> noise and disturbance have the potential to disturb and/or displace sensitive species<br />
including birds such as curlew and lapwing and mammals such as otter and grey seal. Instream<br />
works will result in a net loss <strong>of</strong> aquatic habitat for flora and invertebrates and the loss <strong>of</strong> bankside<br />
vegetation may have an ecological impact. Although the watercourses within the study area are<br />
largely tidal and thus sensitive receptors such as freshwater pearl mussel and spawning salmonids<br />
will not be affected, high levels <strong>of</strong> suspended solids during works could impact on aquatic ecology.<br />
<strong>Impact</strong>s on fish and watercourses are discussed further in Chapter 7 Aquatic Flora and Fauna.<br />
8.4.2 Potential Operation <strong>Impact</strong>s<br />
Once completed, areas from which vegetation was removed will gradually revegetate; however new<br />
habitat types may form in these areas. The Office <strong>of</strong> Public Works are obliged, under the terms <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Arterial Drainage Acts, 1945 and 1995, to maintain completed flood relief schemes in proper repair<br />
and effective condition. This may mean, inter alia:-<br />
• Clearing obstructions to flows from time to time, e.g., fallen trees, significant weed growth, buildup<br />
<strong>of</strong> materials likely to impact on the performance <strong>of</strong> the scheme;<br />
• Repairing and rebuilding structures (walls and embankments); and<br />
• Prevention <strong>of</strong> erosion/undermining <strong>of</strong> the completed works <strong>of</strong> the scheme.<br />
While the maintenance requirements <strong>of</strong> the scheme will be monitored and reviewed on an annual<br />
basis, it is envisaged that maintenance works would only be undertaken as and when required, e.g.,<br />
on a six to ten year cycle.<br />
8.4.3 Potential Cumulative <strong>Impact</strong>s<br />
No significant cumulative impacts have been identified.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 8-15 Rev. F01
Skibbereen (River Ilen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
8.5 MITIGATION MEASURES<br />
8.5.1 Construction Stage<br />
Habitats and Flora<br />
The removal <strong>of</strong> habitats will be kept to the minimum necessary and trees, hedges and bankside<br />
vegetation will be retained where possible. Where possible the amount <strong>of</strong> work to be carried out within<br />
the spread <strong>of</strong> trees, shrubs or hedges to be retained will be minimised.<br />
Any trees or hedgerows scheduled for retention should be protected from damaging construction<br />
activities by the erection <strong>of</strong> appropriate fencing. NRA guidelines on the protection <strong>of</strong> trees and<br />
hedges prior to and during construction should be followed (NRA, 2006c).<br />
The Wildlife Amendment Act 2000 (S.46.1) provides that it is an <strong>of</strong>fence to cut, grub, burn or destroy<br />
any vegetation on uncultivated land or such growing in any hedge or ditch from the first <strong>of</strong> March to<br />
the 31st <strong>of</strong> August. Exemptions include the clearance <strong>of</strong> vegetation in the course <strong>of</strong> road or other<br />
construction works or in the development or preparation <strong>of</strong> sites on which any building or other<br />
structure is intended to be provided. None the less it is recommended that vegetation be removed<br />
outside <strong>of</strong> the breeding season where possible. In particular, removal during the peak-breeding<br />
season (March-June) should be avoided.<br />
No soil, spoil, constructional materials or rubbish will be stored or tipped and no construction plant or<br />
vehicles will be parked within the spread <strong>of</strong> existing trees, shrubs or hedges. The Contractor will take<br />
all reasonable precautions to protect, in the course <strong>of</strong> his work, any existing plant materials from<br />
malicious or accidental damage and will endeavour to ensure that no branches will be lopped and no<br />
roots over 50 mm diameter severed from growing trees without express prior permission from an<br />
Arboriculturist.<br />
Clearance <strong>of</strong> some vegetation will be required at and adjacent to the proposed works. A qualified<br />
arboriculturist shall prepare a plan <strong>of</strong> all trees to be retained in advance <strong>of</strong> commencement <strong>of</strong><br />
development.<br />
Where possible, vegetation will be reinstated following completion <strong>of</strong> the project. A new planting<br />
scheme will focus primarily on native species which were removed by site works. When mature these<br />
new planted areas will function as replacement habitat for that removed.<br />
Invasive Species<br />
The invasive alien species Himalayan balsam and Japanese knotweed were recorded within the<br />
proposed works areas and wider study area and these species could potentially be dispersed<br />
downstream by incorrect work practices. It is noted that the locations noted are indicative <strong>of</strong> the<br />
current distribution <strong>of</strong> the species within the works area but should not be considered definitive.<br />
Although there are mature stands <strong>of</strong> Japanese Knotweed (i.e. along the Mill Race) there are also<br />
young plants which indicate that the plant may be actively spreading. Works may require access to<br />
areas outside the immediate works area (i.e. stockpiling material, storage <strong>of</strong> machinery etc) and these<br />
areas could support this species. It is recommended therefore that a pre-construction survey <strong>of</strong><br />
invasive species is conducted prior to the commencement <strong>of</strong> site works.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 8-16 Rev. F01
Skibbereen (River Ilen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
The Contractor shall also take every precaution to prevent the spread <strong>of</strong> invasive species (Japanese<br />
Knotweed in particular) encountered during the works by ensuring that all plant and equipment that<br />
comes in contact with these species (and soil deemed contaminated with species) are regularly<br />
cleaned or disposed <strong>of</strong>f in the appropriate manner. The contractor shall be obliged to comply with<br />
The European Communities (Birds and Natural Habitats) Regulations 2011 which contain important<br />
new provisions to address the problem <strong>of</strong> invasive species. Whilst Himalayan balsam can be treated<br />
relatively straight forwardly with herbicides treatment <strong>of</strong> Japanese Knotweed may involve burial,<br />
bunding, herbicides or a combination <strong>of</strong> methods. Relevant guidance documents include The<br />
Management <strong>of</strong> Noxious Weeds and Non-Native Invasive Plant Species on National Roads (2008),<br />
Kelly, J., Maguire, C.M. and Cosgrove, P.J. (2008). Best Practice Management Guidelines Japanese<br />
knotweed Fallopia japonica prepared for NIEA and NPWS as part <strong>of</strong> Invasive and Managing<br />
Japanese knotweed on development sites - The Knotweed Code <strong>of</strong> Practice (2006) UK<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> Agency.<br />
8.5.2 Otters and Grey Seal<br />
Evidence <strong>of</strong> Otters was recorded along the River Ilen and Mill Race and in particular along the Caol<br />
Stream. Grey seal have been recorded in the Ilen within the study area. Although no breeding holts<br />
were recorded there is the potential for site works to cause disturbance to otters and given the 24<br />
month duration <strong>of</strong> works a repeat survey <strong>of</strong> the Caol Stream and River Ilen is recommended prior to<br />
the commencement <strong>of</strong> works on these watercourses.<br />
The NRA publication Guidelines for the Treatment <strong>of</strong> Otters prior to the Construction <strong>of</strong> National Road<br />
Schemes outlines the mitigation measures described below (NRA, 2005b). In line with the mitigation<br />
measures outlined in the NRA guidelines a preconstruction survey will be conducted no more than 10-<br />
12 months in advance <strong>of</strong> construction. The objective <strong>of</strong> the survey is to ensure that no new holts have<br />
been constructed since the previous survey and to specifically check for breeding holts. It is noted<br />
that no evidence <strong>of</strong> a breeding holt was detected, and no active holts were located in the area to be<br />
directly affected. However if active holts are detected in the area to be affected, specific measures<br />
will be required. Removal <strong>of</strong> Otters or holts can only be carried out under a Section 25 derogation<br />
under the 1997 Habitats Regulations. In addition, derogations are also required for any works likely to<br />
cause significant disturbance i.e. blasting and piling when this occurs within 150 m <strong>of</strong> a breeding holt.<br />
Where works are proposed within 150 m <strong>of</strong> a breeding holt appropriate mitigation measures such as<br />
screening or reduced working hours may be required. It is noted that otters do not have a defined<br />
breeding season.<br />
There will be no blasting carried out as part <strong>of</strong> the proposed development in proximity to an Otter holt.<br />
Other mitigation measures may include timing <strong>of</strong> works to avoid impact on breeding females or young<br />
cubs which can use a breeding holt for approximately 21 weeks. Exclusion <strong>of</strong> Otters from holts and<br />
provision <strong>of</strong> alternative holts may also be required using similar methodologies to those employed for<br />
Badgers. If such mitigation measures are required detailed methodologies will be agreed with the<br />
National Parks and Wildlife Service prior to commencement <strong>of</strong> works which could impact on otters. No<br />
specific measures are considered necessary in relation to grey seal as this species would be<br />
expected to move away from sources <strong>of</strong> disturbance and won’t breed in proximity to site works.<br />
8.5.3 Bats<br />
Replacement <strong>of</strong> the trees removed will aid in minimising impacts on feeding bats. In particular trees<br />
along watercourses should be replaced with native species where feasible to do so. It is considered<br />
unlikely that any <strong>of</strong> the man made structures or trees affected by site works support significant bat<br />
roosts. None <strong>of</strong> the bridges, including the John F. Kennedy Bridge have, the necessary structure i.e.<br />
cracks, crevices etc to support bat roosts. However as a precautionary measure mature trees and the<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 8-17 Rev. F01
Skibbereen (River Ilen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
bridge on the Caol Stream should be checked for bats prior to the commencement <strong>of</strong> works. Where<br />
bats are detected mitigation measures including exclusion measures/replacement habitat will be<br />
agreed with the NPWS and carried out under licence. Any maintanance work carried out in the future<br />
should be carried out with a view to minimising impacts on bats. It is recommended that any mature<br />
trees felled should be left for 24 hours prior to mulching to allow any bats, if present, to escape.<br />
8.5.4 Birds<br />
As mentioned above under habitat mitigation the Wildlife Amendment Act 2000 (S.46.1) provides that<br />
it is an <strong>of</strong>fence to cut, grub, burn or destroy any vegetation on uncultivated land or such growing in<br />
any hedge or ditch from the first <strong>of</strong> March to the 31st <strong>of</strong> August. It is therefore recommended that<br />
vegetation be removed outside <strong>of</strong> the breeding season where possible. In particular, removal during<br />
the peak-breeding season (March-June) should be avoided.<br />
8.5.5 Invertebrates<br />
No specific mitigation measures are considered necessary in realation to invertebrates including<br />
freshwater pearl mussel. The mitigation measures specified in relation to fish (Chapter 7 Terrestrial<br />
Flora and Fauna and Section 8.5.1) should ensure that salmonid populations are not affected as this<br />
could potentially impact on freshwater pearl mussel.<br />
8.6 RESIDUAL IMPACTS<br />
The terrestrial habitats to be affected by the proposed works are not generally <strong>of</strong> high ecological value<br />
(i.e. minor to moderate value at a local level). No rare or uncommon species or habitats will be<br />
affected. Appropriate planting <strong>of</strong> primarily native species and natural regrowth <strong>of</strong> vegetative cover will<br />
minimise the impact in the long-term. Thus the impact will largely be localised and will not have a<br />
significant, detrimental impact on terrestrial habitats. Long term, local impacts will range from Minor<br />
negative for low to moderate value habitats (Horticultural land BC2/ Buildings and artificial surfaces<br />
BL3/ Improved agricultural grassland GA1/ Amenity grassland GA2 Wet grassland GS4/ Earth bank<br />
BL2/ Drainage ditch FW4/ Dry meadow and grassy verge GS2/ Reed and large sedge swamp FS1<br />
and Scrub WS1) to Moderate Negative for moderate value habitat (Treelines WL2/ Hedgerows WL1).<br />
Two invasive species were noted within the study area namely Japanese Knotweed and Himilayan<br />
balsam. There are considerable cost implications in dealing with Japanese Knotweed in particular. As<br />
this species can be spread via very small amounts <strong>of</strong> rhizome and is highly invasive, a repeat survey<br />
will be carried out immediatly prior to the commencment <strong>of</strong> works. Detailed mitigation measures will<br />
be required to ensure this species doesn't spread; however if these measures are implemented by the<br />
contractor no significant impact is evisaged.<br />
There will be a direct impact on aquatic habitats due to removal <strong>of</strong> substrate and vegetation with<br />
knock on effects on invertebrate populations in the short-term. Works will increase levels <strong>of</strong> turbidity<br />
and suspended solids which may impact on plants and invertebrates. It is noted however that the Ilen<br />
is tidal within the study area and therefore the habitats and species occuring downstream <strong>of</strong> the<br />
proposed works are relatively tolerant <strong>of</strong> tidal inundation and flucutating levels <strong>of</strong> suspended solids.<br />
Trees will be removed along parts <strong>of</strong> the bank; however replacement planting will minimise the longterm<br />
impact. Overall the impact will be Moderate Negative and no impact on designated sites<br />
downstream <strong>of</strong> Skibereen is envisaged.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 8-18 Rev. F01
Skibbereen (River Ilen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
The works on the Caol Stream will be designed to minimise these impacts by ensuring that flood walls<br />
are used where possible to ensure that light levels are maintained and the flow pattern will be<br />
designed to ensure as natural a flow pattern as possible. The base <strong>of</strong> the proposed flood walls on the<br />
Caol will be designed to hold as natural a gravel substrate as possible. This will allow<br />
macroinvertebrate populations to re-establish themselves and allow some recolonisation by aquatic<br />
plants. Overall the impact will be Moderate Negative.<br />
A small amount <strong>of</strong> habitat will be adversely affected by culverting on minor streams; these streams<br />
are <strong>of</strong> low value for fish species but do support invertebrate populations and some aquatic flora. The<br />
impact on these streams will be Minor Negative.<br />
During site works the noise and disturbance levels will increase and will increase the level <strong>of</strong><br />
disturbance for Otters, particularly those using the Caol Stream which appears to be an important<br />
resource. However it is noted that otters using the Caol Stream will be adapted to a degree to the<br />
existing level <strong>of</strong> noise. Otters can habituate to increased noise levels and can be found in major urban<br />
centres. Given that the works will be short term no long term impact on otter populations due to<br />
disturbance is expected to occur. However it will be necessary to recheck for breeding holts prior to<br />
the commencement <strong>of</strong> site works. The habitat within the Caol Stream will be altered by the provision<br />
<strong>of</strong> flood walls and this may reduce fish populations on which Otters feed. It will be possible for fish<br />
such as flounder and grey mullet to continue to follow the tide into the lower sections <strong>of</strong> the river.<br />
Overall however fish populations within the lower section <strong>of</strong> the Caol Stream are expected to<br />
deteriorate slightly; this is expected to have a long term, Minor Negative impact; however given the<br />
large area <strong>of</strong> feeding habitat which will be unaffected, no significant long term impact on tter<br />
populations is envisaged.<br />
Grey seals feed within the River Ilen within Skibbereen Town and there may be some disturbance <strong>of</strong><br />
this species during site works. However due to the short section <strong>of</strong> the Ilen affected by site works and<br />
the short-term nature <strong>of</strong> the works, no significant long term impact on this Annex II species is<br />
envisaged.<br />
Soprano pipistrelle were recorded feeding along the main channel <strong>of</strong> the River Ilen and the presence<br />
<strong>of</strong> other species, in particular Daubenton's bat, at other times <strong>of</strong> the year cannot be excluded. The<br />
works may cause a reduction in invertebrate populations in the short-term and the removal <strong>of</strong><br />
vegetation may also reduce prey availability slightly. However the Caol and Ilen Rivers will remain as<br />
linear features within the landscape and commuting routes are unlikely to be significantly affected,<br />
also the slight reduction in prey availability is not expected to have a significant long term impact<br />
on bat populations.<br />
There may be a slight net loss <strong>of</strong> macro-invertebrate populations which may slightly impact on certain<br />
species i.e. grey wagtail, dipper and there will be some disturbance <strong>of</strong> bird populations during works.<br />
The loss <strong>of</strong> vegetation may result in the loss <strong>of</strong> breeding habitat for some common countryside birds.<br />
However no significant long-term impacts on important bird species are predicted.<br />
The reduction in flooding may favour certain habitat types, may reduce pollution and may reduce<br />
disturbance and loss <strong>of</strong> feeding habitat for some bird and mammal species resulting in a positive<br />
impact once works are completed.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 8-19 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
9 LANDSCAPE & VISUAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT<br />
9.1 INTRODUCTION<br />
This Chapter examines the potential landscape and visual impact <strong>of</strong> the proposed development on<br />
Skibbereen and its environs.<br />
This chapter seeks to:-<br />
a) Establish the baseline conditions -<br />
Record and analyse the existing character, quality and sensitivity <strong>of</strong> the landscape and visual<br />
resource. This should include elements <strong>of</strong> the landscape such as;<br />
• Landform;<br />
• Land cover including the vegetation, the slopes, drainage, etc;<br />
• Landscape character;<br />
• Current landscape designations and planning policies; and<br />
• Site visibility, comprising short, medium and long distance views.<br />
b) Analyse baseline conditions -<br />
Comment on the scale, character, condition and the importance <strong>of</strong> the baseline landscape, its<br />
sensitivity to change and the enhancement potential where possible.<br />
A visual analysis (illustrated by photographic material) describing characteristics which may be<br />
<strong>of</strong> relevance to the impact <strong>of</strong> the design and to the method <strong>of</strong> mitigation.<br />
c) Describe the development.<br />
d) Identify the <strong>Impact</strong>s <strong>of</strong> the Development on the Landscape and Visual Resource:-<br />
Identify the landscape and visual impacts <strong>of</strong> the development at different stages <strong>of</strong> its life cycle,<br />
including:<br />
• Direct & indirect landscape impacts <strong>of</strong> the development on the landscape <strong>of</strong> the site and<br />
the surrounding area; and<br />
• Visual impacts including: the extent <strong>of</strong> potential visibility; the view and viewers affected;<br />
the degree <strong>of</strong> visual intrusion; the distance <strong>of</strong> views; and resultant impacts upon the<br />
character and quality <strong>of</strong> views.<br />
e) Assess the significance <strong>of</strong> the landscape and visual impacts in terms <strong>of</strong> the sensitivity <strong>of</strong> the<br />
landscape and visual resource, including the nature and magnitude <strong>of</strong> the impact.<br />
f) Detail measures proposed to mitigate significant residual detrimental landscape and visual<br />
impacts and assess their effectiveness.<br />
g) Assess the ability <strong>of</strong> the landscape and visual resource to absorb the proposed development.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 9-1 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
9.2 METHODOLOGY<br />
9.2.1 Introduction<br />
Methods used in this assessment have been developed by RPS and are derived from the DoEHLG<br />
“Landscape and Landscape Assessment” (June 2000) and ‘Guidelines for Landscape and Visual<br />
<strong>Impact</strong> Assessment’ (GLVIA) by The Landscape Institute and Institute <strong>of</strong> <strong>Environmental</strong> Management<br />
and Assessment (2002). These documents recommend baseline studies to describe, classify and<br />
evaluate the existing landscape and visual resource focusing on its sensitivity and ability to<br />
accommodate change. The guidelines are not intended as a prescriptive set <strong>of</strong> rules but rather <strong>of</strong>fer<br />
best practice methods and techniques <strong>of</strong> Landscape and Visual <strong>Impact</strong> Assessment (LVIA). The<br />
existing landscape and visual context <strong>of</strong> the study area was established through a process <strong>of</strong> desktop<br />
study, site survey work (Winter 2012) and photographic surveys. The proposal was then applied to<br />
the baseline conditions to allow the identification <strong>of</strong> potential impacts, prediction <strong>of</strong> their magnitude<br />
and assessment <strong>of</strong> their significance. Mitigation can then be identified to reduce as far as possible<br />
any residual potential landscape and visual impacts.<br />
9.2.2 Landscape Assessment Criteria and Terminology<br />
The following section describes the criteria and terminology used for during the landscape<br />
assessment.<br />
Landscape Quality<br />
For the purpose <strong>of</strong> this assessment, landscape quality is categorised as:-<br />
• Exceptional Quality - Areas <strong>of</strong> especially high quality acknowledged through designation as<br />
Areas <strong>of</strong> Outstanding Natural Beauty or other landscape based sensitive areas. A landscape<br />
that is significant within the wider region or at a national level;<br />
• High Quality - Areas that have a very strong beneficial character with valued and consistent<br />
distinctive features that give the landscape unity, richness and harmony. A landscape that is<br />
significant within the district;<br />
• Medium Quality - Areas that exhibit beneficial character but which may have evidence <strong>of</strong><br />
alteration/degradation or erosion <strong>of</strong> features resulting in a less distinctive landscape. May be <strong>of</strong><br />
some local landscape significance with some beneficial recognisable structure; and<br />
• Low Quality - Areas that are generally negative in character, degraded and in poor condition.<br />
No distinctive beneficial characteristics and with little or no structure. Scope for beneficial<br />
enhancement.<br />
Landscape Sensitivity<br />
Landscape sensitivity to the type <strong>of</strong> development proposed is defined as follows:-<br />
• High Sensitivity: High visual quality landscape with highly valued or unique characteristics<br />
susceptible to relatively small changes.<br />
• Medium Sensitivity: Medium visual quality landscape with moderately valued characteristics<br />
reasonably tolerant <strong>of</strong> changes.<br />
• Low Sensitivity: Low visual quality landscape with common characteristics capable <strong>of</strong> absorbing<br />
substantial change.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 9-2 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Magnitude <strong>of</strong> Landscape Resource Change<br />
Direct resource changes on the landscape character <strong>of</strong> the study area are brought about by the<br />
introduction <strong>of</strong> the proposal and its effects on the key landscape characteristics. The following<br />
categories and criteria have been used:-<br />
• High magnitude: Total loss or alteration to key elements <strong>of</strong> the landscape character which<br />
result in fundamental and/or permanent long-term change.<br />
• Medium magnitude: Partial or noticeable loss <strong>of</strong> elements <strong>of</strong> the landscape character and/ or<br />
medium-term change.<br />
• Low magnitude: Minor alteration to elements <strong>of</strong> the landscape character and/or short-term/<br />
temporary change.<br />
• No Change: No change to landscape character.<br />
Significance <strong>of</strong> Landscape <strong>Impact</strong><br />
The level <strong>of</strong> significance <strong>of</strong> effect on landscape is a product <strong>of</strong> landscape sensitivity and the<br />
magnitude <strong>of</strong> alteration in landscape resource. Where landscape sensitivity has been predicted as<br />
high and the magnitude <strong>of</strong> change as high or medium the resultant impact will be significant in terms<br />
<strong>of</strong> EIA Regulations. This is illustrated in Table 9.1 below.<br />
Table 9.1: Significance <strong>of</strong> Landscape <strong>Impact</strong><br />
Magnitude <strong>of</strong> Landscape<br />
Resource Change<br />
Landscape Sensitivity<br />
Low Medium High<br />
No Change No Change No Change No Change<br />
Low Slight Slight/Moderate Moderate<br />
Medium Slight/Moderate Moderate Moderate/Substantial<br />
High Moderate Moderate/Substantial Substantial<br />
Landscape Assessment Definitions<br />
• Landscape Resource: The combination <strong>of</strong> elements that contribute to landscape context,<br />
character and value.<br />
• Landscape Value: The relative value or importance attached to a landscape that expresses<br />
national or local consensus because <strong>of</strong> intrinsic characteristics.<br />
• Landscape Character: The distinct and homogenous pattern that occurs in the landscape<br />
reflecting geology, landform, soils, vegetation and man’s impact<br />
9.2.3 Visual Assessment Criteria and Terminology<br />
The following text describes the key criteria and terminology used in the visual assessment.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 9-3 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Viewer Sensitivity<br />
Viewer sensitivity is a combination <strong>of</strong> the sensitivity <strong>of</strong> the human receptor (i.e. resident; commuter,<br />
tourist; walker; recreationist, or worker) and viewpoint type or location (i.e. house, workplace, leisure<br />
venue, local beauty spot, scenic viewpoint, commuter route, tourist route or walkers’ route).<br />
Sensitivity can be defined as follows:-<br />
• High sensitivity: e.g., users <strong>of</strong> an outdoor recreation feature which focuses on the landscape;<br />
valued views enjoyed by the community; tourist visitors to scenic viewpoint.<br />
• Medium sensitivity: e.g., users <strong>of</strong> outdoor sport or recreation which do not <strong>of</strong>fer or focus<br />
attention on landscape; tourist travellers.<br />
• Low sensitivity: e.g., regular commuters, people at place <strong>of</strong> work (excluding outdoor recreation).<br />
Magnitude <strong>of</strong> Visual Resource Change<br />
The magnitude <strong>of</strong> alteration in visual resource or amenity results from the scale <strong>of</strong> change in the view<br />
with respect to the loss or addition <strong>of</strong> features in the view and changes in the view composition,<br />
including proportion <strong>of</strong> the view occupied by the proposed development. Distance and duration <strong>of</strong><br />
view must be considered. Other vertical features in the landscape and the backdrop to the<br />
development will all influence the magnitude <strong>of</strong> visual resource change. This can be defined as<br />
follows:-<br />
• High magnitude: Where changes to the view significantly alter (negative or beneficial) the<br />
overall scene or cause some alteration to the view for a significant length <strong>of</strong> time.<br />
• Medium magnitude: Where some changes occur (negative or beneficial) in the view, but not for<br />
a substantial part <strong>of</strong> the view and/or for a substantial length <strong>of</strong> time.<br />
• Low magnitude: Where only a minor alteration to the view occurs (negative or beneficial) and/or<br />
not for a significant length <strong>of</strong> time.<br />
• No change: No discernible deterioration or improvement in the existing view.<br />
Significance <strong>of</strong> Visual <strong>Impact</strong><br />
Significance <strong>of</strong> visual impact is defined on a project by project basis. The principal criteria for<br />
determining significance are magnitude and sensitivity <strong>of</strong> the receptor. A higher level <strong>of</strong> significance<br />
is generally attached to large scale or substantial effects on sensitive receptors.<br />
Where visual sensitivity has been predicted as high or medium, and the magnitude <strong>of</strong> change as high,<br />
the resultant impact will be significant. Where the magnitude <strong>of</strong> change has been predicted as high<br />
and the visual sensitivity has been predicted as high or medium then the resultant impact will be<br />
significant in terms <strong>of</strong> EIA Regulations.<br />
Table 9.2 illustrates significance <strong>of</strong> visual impact as a correlation between viewer sensitivity and<br />
visual resource change magnitude.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 9-4 Rev. F01
River Ilen<br />
HWM<br />
Cemetery<br />
Abbeystrowry<br />
Cemetery<br />
Area Under Development<br />
16<br />
20<br />
15<br />
21<br />
5<br />
26<br />
Area Under Development<br />
Inis Álainn<br />
36<br />
25<br />
37<br />
40<br />
9<br />
1 2<br />
15<br />
Newbridge Park<br />
HWM<br />
HWM<br />
Area under development<br />
14<br />
Glencurragh<br />
9<br />
8<br />
6<br />
5<br />
Abhainn Beag<br />
2<br />
1<br />
Mardyke Park<br />
Coronea<br />
Drive<br />
UND<br />
FF<br />
River Ilen<br />
61<br />
2<br />
1<br />
31<br />
School<br />
32<br />
8<br />
46<br />
9<br />
45<br />
The Mills<br />
30<br />
Town View<br />
19<br />
FF<br />
FW<br />
23<br />
Castle<br />
CR<br />
38<br />
43<br />
37<br />
27 28<br />
2<br />
1<br />
Hawthorns<br />
Woodley<br />
10<br />
Pound Hill<br />
1<br />
2<br />
Area under<br />
construction<br />
Ardcarrig<br />
CR<br />
10<br />
24 23<br />
28<br />
CF<br />
15<br />
CS<br />
25<br />
22<br />
CS<br />
Gortnaclohy<br />
Reservoir<br />
Russagh Corn Mill<br />
UND<br />
Gortnaclohy<br />
We l<br />
CS<br />
CS<br />
CF<br />
CS<br />
UND<br />
CS<br />
CS<br />
CF<br />
CF<br />
CS<br />
FF<br />
<br />
DERREENDANGAN<br />
<br />
Zone <strong>of</strong> Visual Influence<br />
CURRAGH<br />
LURRIGA<br />
N71<br />
ABBEYSTROWRY<br />
1 2<br />
11 12<br />
Gortnaclohy Drive<br />
DEELISH<br />
ED SKIBBEREEN<br />
CORONEA<br />
24 26<br />
Issue Details<br />
Drawn:<br />
AS<br />
Project No. NI 1368<br />
Chkd:<br />
SM<br />
File Ref.<br />
GORTNACLOGHY<br />
Appd: RH<br />
Date: 01/03/2013<br />
Scale: NTS<br />
XXXX<br />
Drawing No.<br />
NI1368/1.1<br />
Rev.<br />
F01<br />
Elmwood House<br />
74 Boucher Road<br />
Belfast<br />
BT12 6RZ<br />
T: +4428 9066 7914<br />
F: +4428 9066 8286<br />
www.rpsgroup.com/ireland<br />
19 15<br />
Area under construction<br />
CARRIGFADDA<br />
MALLAVONEA<br />
UND<br />
R596<br />
Project:<br />
River Ilen (Skibbereen)<br />
Drainage Scheme<br />
Title: Zone <strong>of</strong> Visual Influence<br />
Figure Number:<br />
9.1
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Table 9.2: Significance <strong>of</strong> Visual <strong>Impact</strong><br />
Visual Resource<br />
Change Magnitude<br />
Visual Sensitivity<br />
Low Medium High<br />
No Change No Change No Change No Change<br />
Low Slight Slight/Moderate Moderate<br />
Medium Slight/Moderate Moderate Moderate/Substantial<br />
High Moderate Moderate/Substantial Substantial<br />
Beneficial effects upon receptors may also result from a change to the view. These may be through<br />
the removal <strong>of</strong> negative features or visual detractors, or through the addition <strong>of</strong> well-designed<br />
elements, which add to the visual experience in a complementary, beneficial and stimulating manner.<br />
Visual Assessment Definitions<br />
Visual Quality: Although the interpretation <strong>of</strong> viewers’ experience can have preferential and subjective<br />
components, there is generally clear public agreement that the visual resources <strong>of</strong> certain landscapes<br />
have high visual quality. The visual quality <strong>of</strong> a landscape will reflect the physical state <strong>of</strong> the repair <strong>of</strong><br />
individual features or elements.<br />
Visual Resources: The visual resources <strong>of</strong> the landscape are the stimuli upon which actual visual<br />
experience is based. They are a combination <strong>of</strong> visual character and visual quality.<br />
Visual Character: When a viewer experiences the visual environment, it is not observed as one<br />
aspect at a time, but rather as an integrated whole. The viewer’s visual understanding <strong>of</strong> an area is<br />
based on the visual character <strong>of</strong> elements and aspects and the relationships between them.<br />
Zone <strong>of</strong> Visual Influence (ZVI)<br />
The ZVI is the area within which views <strong>of</strong> the site and/or the development can be obtained. The<br />
extent <strong>of</strong> the ZVI is determined primarily by the topography <strong>of</strong> the area. The ZVI is then refined by<br />
field studies to indicate where relevant forestry, woodlands, hedges or other local features obscure<br />
visibility from the main roads, local viewpoints/landmarks and/or significant settlements. The ZVI is<br />
illustrated in Figure 9.1. As the proposed development is located within Skibbereen Town the ZVI is<br />
predominantly defined by buildings.<br />
Using terrain-modelling techniques combined with the proposed development specification, a map is<br />
created to show areas from where the proposed development would theoretically be seen. A worst<br />
case scenario is taken in line with Landscape Institute guidelines.<br />
The actual visual impacts within the ZVI have been described in later sections <strong>of</strong> this chapter.<br />
Photographs & Photomontages<br />
Photographs and photomontages have been prepared for selected representative viewpoints<br />
throughout the study area as indicated in Figure 9.2 and illustrated in section 9.4.2.4 below.<br />
Viewpoints are chosen to give a typical representative sample <strong>of</strong> views <strong>of</strong> the proposal within the<br />
landscape using the parameters <strong>of</strong> distance and direction <strong>of</strong> view. Viewpoints frequented by<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 9-5 Rev. F01
Scale:<br />
NTS<br />
Appd:<br />
Chkd:<br />
Issue Details<br />
Drawn:<br />
Rev.<br />
File Ref.<br />
Date: 01/03/2013<br />
RH<br />
AS<br />
F01<br />
SM<br />
Project No. NI 1368<br />
Drawing No.<br />
NI1368/1.1<br />
XXXX<br />
<br />
Elmwood House<br />
74 Boucher Road<br />
Belfast<br />
BT12 6RZ<br />
T: +4428 9066 7914<br />
F: +4428 9066 8286<br />
www.rpsgroup.com/ireland<br />
Viewpoint Locations<br />
Area under development<br />
Glencurragh<br />
CURRAGH<br />
14 1<br />
HWM<br />
HWM<br />
28<br />
Area Under Development<br />
Newbridge Park<br />
26<br />
20<br />
25<br />
15<br />
16<br />
21<br />
Area Under Development<br />
LURRIGA<br />
Tank<br />
River Ilen<br />
5<br />
Abhainn Beag<br />
2<br />
6<br />
1<br />
9<br />
8<br />
14<br />
Coronea<br />
Drive<br />
Mardyke Park<br />
19<br />
15<br />
Area under construction<br />
38<br />
15<br />
1 2<br />
9<br />
40<br />
37<br />
Inis Álainn<br />
36<br />
CORONEA<br />
5<br />
1 2<br />
Cemetery<br />
Abbeystrowry<br />
Cemetery<br />
HWM<br />
UND<br />
CS<br />
CS<br />
CF<br />
CR<br />
R596<br />
Woodley<br />
CR<br />
Town View<br />
UND<br />
FF<br />
UND<br />
Reservoir<br />
Gortnaclohy<br />
GORTNACLOGHY<br />
22<br />
25<br />
construction<br />
Area under<br />
Hawthorns<br />
27 28<br />
11<br />
12<br />
10<br />
2<br />
Pound Hill<br />
1<br />
2<br />
1<br />
10<br />
Ardcarrig<br />
23<br />
24<br />
15<br />
28<br />
Gortnaclohy Drive<br />
38<br />
37<br />
24 26<br />
43<br />
23<br />
19<br />
The Mills<br />
9<br />
45<br />
46<br />
8<br />
32<br />
61<br />
31<br />
1<br />
2<br />
Castle<br />
30<br />
CARRIGFADDA<br />
School<br />
=<br />
=<br />
=<br />
=<br />
=<br />
=<br />
= =<br />
=<br />
=<br />
=<br />
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VP3<br />
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VP3<br />
VP1<br />
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VP1<br />
VP4<br />
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VP4<br />
VP6<br />
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Title:<br />
Project:<br />
Figure Number:<br />
Viewpoint Locations<br />
River Ilen (Skibbereen)<br />
Drainage Scheme<br />
9.2
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
members <strong>of</strong> the public such as public rights <strong>of</strong> way, car parks and popular viewpoints are usually<br />
chosen, along with views from nearby settlements.<br />
Photographs from each viewpoint location are taken covering an arc <strong>of</strong> view matching that <strong>of</strong> the<br />
visual extent <strong>of</strong> the development.<br />
9.3 RECEIVING ENVIRONMENT<br />
9.3.1 Scale and Character<br />
Landscape character is generally determined by physical factors such as landform and land cover<br />
including topography, water, vegetation and settlements.<br />
Historically the River Ilen has not been regarded as a landscape attribute and has had little influence<br />
on the streetscape <strong>of</strong> the town. Many buildings are designed to have their rear or side facades next to<br />
the river. Frequently the banks are overgrown and the riverside is hidden from view. At other locations<br />
there are stone walls and embankments.<br />
The study area includes the built form <strong>of</strong> Skibbereen Town centre that consists <strong>of</strong> a mixed use<br />
residential, commercial, light industrial and open space uses.<br />
All <strong>of</strong> the active open space within the town is located north <strong>of</strong> the Ilen River and north <strong>of</strong> the N71.<br />
The only area <strong>of</strong> open space located south <strong>of</strong> the Ilen River is that elevated area known as The Rock.<br />
The active open space is primarily operated and provided by sports clubs including the GAA grounds,<br />
Glencurragh pitch and the Rugby pitch. Also on the northern side <strong>of</strong> the town, to the north <strong>of</strong> the Ilen<br />
River are a number <strong>of</strong> passive areas <strong>of</strong> open space, including an attractive park located between<br />
Marsh Road and Mill Road, and a park with a playground located on Cork Road. The remaining open<br />
space areas in this area <strong>of</strong> the town comprise primarily <strong>of</strong> undeveloped areas subject to flooding. The<br />
most significant <strong>of</strong> these areas is that land situated on the northern bank <strong>of</strong> the Ilen River and known<br />
locally as the Marsh. This is a significant piece <strong>of</strong> undeveloped land in the heart <strong>of</strong> Skibbereen Town<br />
and presents a significant opportunity to accommodate recreation and social/community uses. Further<br />
to the west <strong>of</strong> this land and just west <strong>of</strong> John F. Kennedy Bridge is an area <strong>of</strong> open space which is<br />
also subject to flooding and which has been developed with seating and pathways.<br />
Most residential properties are found south <strong>of</strong> the river with the Moorings Residential Estate the main<br />
exception. The only light industrial land uses are found on the north side <strong>of</strong> the river <strong>of</strong>f Marsh Road.<br />
The River Ilen meanders its way through the urban landscape <strong>of</strong> Skibbereen. There are occasional<br />
glimpse views out to surrounding hills and mountains but generally the town centre is visually<br />
enclosed in character.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 9-6 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
9.3.2 Landscape Character<br />
The landscape character <strong>of</strong> the study area can be described by use <strong>of</strong> the following distinctive<br />
landscape character area namely Skibbereen Urban Landscape Character Area (LCA).<br />
This LCA is comprised <strong>of</strong> an eclectic mix <strong>of</strong> residential development types ranging from high density<br />
apartments to large detached single dwellings; commercial and light industrial buildings and open<br />
space. Much <strong>of</strong> the older development has occurred with little regard to the proximity <strong>of</strong> River Ilen in<br />
that as typical with most Irish small towns older buildings turn their back to the river. The majority <strong>of</strong><br />
built development is located south <strong>of</strong> the river with open space, The Moorings Residential Estate and<br />
industrial premises <strong>of</strong>f Marsh Road found to the north <strong>of</strong> the river. There are more open views on the<br />
north side <strong>of</strong> the river. The built form south <strong>of</strong> the river is <strong>of</strong> high density and fine grain in character<br />
that restricts views out. Predominantly buildings throughout are 2 storey with single storey buildings<br />
more frequent at the edges <strong>of</strong> the town.<br />
The Skibbereen Urban LCA has been classed as being <strong>of</strong> low sensitivity.<br />
9.3.3 Planning Designations<br />
County Cork Development Plan 2009- 2015<br />
The Cork County Development Plan 2009 states the following objectives regarding scenic amenity<br />
views and prospects:<br />
ENV 2-6 General Visual and Scenic Amenity: It is a general objective to protect the visual and<br />
scenic amenities <strong>of</strong> County Cork’s built and natural environment.<br />
ENV 2-7 Scenic Landscape: It is a particular objective to preserve the visual and scenic amenities <strong>of</strong><br />
those areas <strong>of</strong> natural beauty identified as ‘scenic landscape’.<br />
ENV 2-8 Landscape Conservation Area(s): It is an objective to carry out an appraisal study in order<br />
to identify any area(s) or place(s) within the County as a Landscape Conservation Area in accordance<br />
with the Planning and Development Acts.<br />
ENV 2-9 General Views and Prospects: It is a general objective to preserve the character <strong>of</strong> all<br />
important views and prospects, particularly sea views, river or lake views, views <strong>of</strong> unspoilt<br />
mountains, upland or coastal landscapes, views <strong>of</strong> historical or cultural significance (including<br />
buildings and townscapes) and views <strong>of</strong> natural beauty as recognised in the Landscape Strategy.<br />
ENV 2-10 Development on Approach Roads to Towns and Villages: It is an objective to ensure<br />
that the approach roads to towns and villages are protected from inappropriate development, which<br />
would detract from the setting and historic character <strong>of</strong> these settlements.<br />
ENV 2-11 Scenic Routes: It is a particular objective to preserve the character <strong>of</strong> those views and<br />
prospects obtainable from scenic routes identified in this plan.<br />
ENV 2-12 Details <strong>of</strong> Scenic Routes: It is an objective to protect the character and quality <strong>of</strong> those<br />
particular stretches <strong>of</strong> scenic routes that have very special views and prospects.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 9-7 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
ENV 2-13 Development on Scenic Routes:<br />
(a)<br />
(b)<br />
It is also an objective <strong>of</strong> the Planning Authority to require those seeking to carry out<br />
development in the environs <strong>of</strong> a scenic route and/or an area with important views and<br />
prospects, to demonstrate that there will be no adverse obstruction or degradation <strong>of</strong> the views<br />
towards and from vulnerable landscape features. In such areas, the appropriateness <strong>of</strong> the<br />
design, site layout, and landscaping <strong>of</strong> the proposed development must be demonstrated along<br />
with mitigation measures to prevent significant alterations to the appearance or character <strong>of</strong> the<br />
area.<br />
It is an objective to encourage appropriate landscaping and screen planting <strong>of</strong> developments<br />
along scenic routes. Where scenic routes run through settlements street trees and ornamental<br />
landscaping may also be required.<br />
Designated Scenic Routes and Landscapes<br />
According to Cork County Council, the existing environment is characterised by an estuary,<br />
shorelines, waterfront villages, undulating patchwork fields, etc. the County Cork Development Plan<br />
2009 has designated a number <strong>of</strong> Scenic Landscapes and Scenic Routes in proximity to Skibbereen.<br />
These are indicated in Map 18 in <strong>Vol</strong>ume 3 <strong>of</strong> the Development Plan 2009 and itemised in Table 9.3.<br />
Table 9.3: Designated Scenic Landscapes and Scenic Routes in Study Area (see Map 18 in<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume 3 <strong>of</strong> the Development Plan 2009)<br />
Designation<br />
Scenic Landscape<br />
Scenic Route S82<br />
Scenic Route S90<br />
Scenic Route S88<br />
Location<br />
There is no designated scenic landscape within the town. Inisbeg<br />
and the coastal area to the north west <strong>of</strong> Creagh is the nearest<br />
designated Scenic Landscape and can be scoped out due to<br />
distance.<br />
S82 which runs along the N71 from Leap to Skibbereen and down<br />
the Cork Road to <strong>Main</strong> Street within the town. This route is<br />
protected for its views <strong>of</strong> rugged hillsides, Aghills and Shreelane<br />
Lakes and Doo Lough.<br />
S90 extends from the Schull roundabout to the north <strong>of</strong> the town<br />
westwards along the N71 Schull Road to Ballydehob. This view is<br />
protected for its views <strong>of</strong> the River Ilen, Roaringwater Bay and<br />
distant mountain views.<br />
S88 extends from Upper Bridge Street within the town to the west<br />
along Cornea Drive and Drisheen and meets the R595 Baltimore<br />
Road to the south west. This route is protected for its views <strong>of</strong><br />
Baltimore Harbour, Church Strand Bay, Ringarogy and Inishbeg<br />
Islands and the River Ilen.<br />
Skibbereen Town Development Plan 2009-2015<br />
Two elevated scenic areas within the vicinity <strong>of</strong> Skibbereen are described in the Skibbereen Town<br />
Development Plan 2009-2015. These are Skibbereen Heights located to the west <strong>of</strong> the town and The<br />
Rock to the East <strong>of</strong> the town which overlook the study area. The plan also identified a plantation on<br />
land between Marsh Road and Mill Road as an attractive area within the town. As all these sites are<br />
not in proximity to the proposals they can be scoped out at this stage.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 9-8 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
9.4 POTENTIAL LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL IMPACTS<br />
Potential impacts for both the construction and operation stage are described below in Section 9.4.1<br />
(Construction) and Section 9.4.2 (Operation).<br />
9.4.1 Potential <strong>Impact</strong>s During the Construction Stage<br />
Potential construction stage impacts are as follows:-<br />
(i)<br />
(ii)<br />
(iii)<br />
(iv)<br />
Obstruction <strong>of</strong> views;<br />
Change in landscape character;<br />
Machinery for site preparation/enabling works and operations; and<br />
Site access and vehicular and plant movements.<br />
9.4.1.1 Landscape Character Area <strong>Impact</strong>s<br />
An assessment <strong>of</strong> the significance <strong>of</strong> the impact <strong>of</strong> the proposed works during construction on the<br />
landscape character area described above has been completed and summarised below. The proposed<br />
works are located directly within the Skibbereen Urban Landscape Character Area. The key potential<br />
direct impact on this landscape is from construction traffic movements through Skibbereen and the<br />
physical works at the flood walls and embankments. The existing road network at Skibbereen supports a<br />
busy town. Currently there are frequent large vehicles moving through this landscape on a good network <strong>of</strong><br />
roads. The increase in construction traffic travelling to and from the construction sites will blend with this<br />
existing use without significant change in landscape resource. The landscape impacts are also temporary<br />
in duration. This landscape character area has a low sensitivity to change. When landscape impacts are<br />
assessed during the construction phase there will be slight negative temporary impacts due to the low<br />
levels <strong>of</strong> landscape resource change that will result.<br />
9.4.1.2 Planning Policy Designation <strong>Impact</strong>s<br />
Construction stage impacts on relevant designations contained within the Cork County Development<br />
Plan are assessed below.<br />
Cork County Development Plan 2009 – 2015<br />
Scenic Routes<br />
The physical works at the flood embankments at the N71 Schull Road will be directly visible from the S82<br />
and S90 Scenic Routes and will result in significant localised visual impact due to proximity. Views to the<br />
river will be interrupted during the construction period. The viewer sensitivity is high. The change in visual<br />
resource will be high. The predicted significance <strong>of</strong> visual impact will be substantial. The visual impacts will<br />
however be temporary in duration. The remainder <strong>of</strong> the Scenic Routes (S88) will not be significantly<br />
effected during the construction stage.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 9-9 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
9.4.1.3 Visual <strong>Impact</strong>s on Residential Properties<br />
The physical works at the flood walls and embankments will result in significant localised visual impact due<br />
to proximity to some residential properties in particular at the Moorings on Schull Road, the Flax Mills on<br />
Upper Bridge Street, dwellings on the west side <strong>of</strong> North Street and on Baltimore Road. The viewer<br />
sensitivity is high. The change in visual resource will be high. The predicted significance <strong>of</strong> visual impact<br />
will be substantial. The visual impacts will however be temporary in duration.<br />
9.4.2 Operational Phase <strong>Impact</strong>s<br />
9.4.2.1 Landscape Character Area <strong>Impact</strong>s<br />
Skibbereen Urban Landscape Character Area<br />
The proposal is directly located within the Skiberreen Urban Landscape Character Area. The<br />
completed flood walls and re-vegetated flood embankments will blend with the existing urban<br />
character <strong>of</strong> this LCA with little noticeable change in landscape resource. Masonry walls are a feature<br />
<strong>of</strong> the towns character and most new flood walls are located in proximity to buildings where they will<br />
blend with existing masonry and render walls. Grass flood embankments are also located<br />
predominantly in grassed open space areas within which the completed embankments will readily<br />
blend with little landscape resource change.<br />
This landscape character area has a low sensitivity to change.<br />
When landscape impacts are assessed during the operational phase there will be a slight negative impact.<br />
9.4.2.2 Planning Policy Designation <strong>Impact</strong>s<br />
Operational stage impacts on relevant designations contained within the Cork County Development<br />
Plan are assessed below.<br />
Cork County Development Plan 2009 – 2015<br />
Scenic Route S82: runs along the N71 from Leap to Skibbereen and down the Cork Road to <strong>Main</strong><br />
Street within the town. This route is protected for its views <strong>of</strong> rugged hillsides, Aghills and Shreelane<br />
Lakes and Doo Lough. This scenic route will have very limited views <strong>of</strong> the proposals at one location<br />
near the show grounds. Views to the key features listed as <strong>of</strong> importance will not be effected. The<br />
viewer sensitivity is high. The change in visual resource will be no change. The predicted significance<br />
<strong>of</strong> visual impact will be no change. Overall no significant visual impacts are predicted for Scenic Route<br />
S82.<br />
Scenic Route S88: extends from Upper Bridge Street within the town to the west along Cornea Drive<br />
and Drisheen and meets the R595 Baltimore Road to the south west. This route is protected for its<br />
views <strong>of</strong> Baltimore Harbour, Church Strand Bay, Ringarogy and Inishbeg Islands and the River Ilen.<br />
This route is not in close proximity to the proposed flood protection works and views to the key<br />
features listed as <strong>of</strong> importance will not be effected. The viewer sensitivity is high. The change in<br />
visual resource will be no change. The predicted significance <strong>of</strong> visual impact will be no change.<br />
Overall no significant visual impacts are predicted for Scenic Route 88.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 9-10 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Scenic Route S90: extends from the Schull roundabout to the north <strong>of</strong> the town westwards along the<br />
N71 Schull Road to Ballydehob. This route is protected for its views <strong>of</strong> the River Ilen, Roaringwater<br />
Bay and distant mountain views. The proposed grass flood embankment along the Schull Road will<br />
be directly visible from this route. The height <strong>of</strong> the flood embankment at this location varies between<br />
1200 – 1800 mm and will result in preventing views from the road to the River Ilen. However this<br />
impact must be put in the context <strong>of</strong> the overall length <strong>of</strong> this very long Scenic Route and only a very<br />
short length in an urban context will have a loss <strong>of</strong> view. The viewer sensitivity is high. The change in<br />
visual resource will be medium for a short length <strong>of</strong> the route at Schull Road. The predicted<br />
significance <strong>of</strong> visual impact will be substantial/moderate negative and significant.<br />
9.4.2.3 Visual <strong>Impact</strong>s on Residential Properties<br />
An assessment has occurred within the ZVI to determine the magnitude <strong>of</strong> visual impact <strong>of</strong> the<br />
proposed development during the operational phase on potential views from sensitive visual receptors<br />
including residential properties. The visual impact has focused on locations where a potential<br />
significant visual impact could occur through the construction <strong>of</strong> flood walls and embankments and not<br />
on minor proposals such as land drains which will not interrupt views from properties.<br />
Baltimore Road Residential Properties: A 92 m length <strong>of</strong> grass flood embankment (Assollas 6) will<br />
be constructed on Baltimore Road within existing gardens <strong>of</strong> three properties. The embankment will<br />
be 500 mm high and will not interrupt views out from properties. A further grass flood embankment is<br />
proposed near the Lidl Shop (Assollas 3) which is located partly within gardens. The viewer sensitivity<br />
is high. The change in visual resource will be low. The predicted significance <strong>of</strong> visual impact will be<br />
moderate negative. Overall no significant visual impacts are predicted for residential properties at<br />
Baltimore Road.<br />
Upper Bridge Street and The Flax Mills Residential Properties: It is proposed to construct a 1100<br />
mm high grass flood embankment either side <strong>of</strong> the Flax Mills properties on the southern bank <strong>of</strong> the<br />
River Ilen (Ilen 3). Neither embankment will cause obstruction to views. It is also proposed to<br />
construct a 1800 mm masonry flood wall from John F. Kennedy Bridge downstream for a length <strong>of</strong><br />
105 m. This wall will be partly adjacent to dwellings and at the bottom <strong>of</strong> gardens. The viewer<br />
sensitivity is high. The change in visual resource will be low. The predicted significance <strong>of</strong> visual<br />
impact will be moderate negative. Overall no significant visual impacts are predicted for residential<br />
properties at Upper Bridge Street and The Flax Mills.<br />
Schull Road (The Moorings) Residential Properties: A modern housing estate is located on the<br />
north side <strong>of</strong> the N71 Schull Road that currently has views across the road looking south from sixteen<br />
properties towards the River Ilen. While some properties have trees that frame views the majority<br />
have some view south to the river corridor. It is proposed to construct a 1200 – 1800 mm grass<br />
embankment on the south side <strong>of</strong> the Schull Road. Where this embankment reaches 1800 mm the<br />
view to the foreground <strong>of</strong> the corridor will be partially interrupted but overall views to the town centre<br />
and hills beyond are maintained. The viewer sensitivity is high. The change in visual resource will be<br />
low. The predicted significance <strong>of</strong> visual impact will be moderate negative. Overall no significant<br />
visual impacts are predicted for residential properties at Schull Road.<br />
Mill Road north Residential Properties: A total <strong>of</strong> eight house located on the west side <strong>of</strong> Mill Road<br />
will have rear views across sports grounds towards a proposed grass embankment (Ilen 11) that will<br />
be 1800 – 2400 mm high and 424 m long. The properties do not currently have a view <strong>of</strong> the river<br />
and are well set back from the embankment. The viewer sensitivity is high. The change in visual<br />
resource will be low. The predicted significance <strong>of</strong> visual impact will be moderate negative. Overall no<br />
significant visual impacts are predicted for residential properties at Mill Road.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 9-11 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Mill Road south Residential Properties: A single house is located on the west side <strong>of</strong> Mill Road just<br />
south <strong>of</strong> the N71 which will have a new grass embankment (Ilen 10) that will be 1250 – 1800 mm high<br />
located immediately to the rear <strong>of</strong> the dwelling but in the sports grounds. This property has significant<br />
garden vegetation that interrupts views south. When the scale <strong>of</strong> the proposals is considered with the<br />
existing vegetation there will be no significant loss <strong>of</strong> views. The viewer sensitivity is high. The change<br />
in visual resource will be low. The predicted significance <strong>of</strong> visual impact will be moderate negative.<br />
Overall no significant visual impacts are predicted for the single property at Mill Road south.<br />
Local Road (East <strong>of</strong> Mill Road north) Residential Properties: A number <strong>of</strong> dwellings will have a<br />
new grass embankment (Mill 2) that will be 1800 – 2000 mm high located immediately adjacent to<br />
them. The grass embankment will be located with a grass field with low levels <strong>of</strong> visibility from<br />
dwellings. The viewer sensitivity is high. The change in visual resource will be low. The predicted<br />
significance <strong>of</strong> visual impact will be moderate negative. Overall no significant visual impacts are<br />
predicted for residential properties at the Local Road east <strong>of</strong> Mill Road north.<br />
North Street Residential Properties: North Street is a mixed use street with a combination <strong>of</strong><br />
various businesses and residential dwellings. Properties on the western side <strong>of</strong> the street between<br />
<strong>Main</strong> Street and Mill Road will have a combination <strong>of</strong> embankment, floodwall and stone revetment<br />
within the river. The loss <strong>of</strong> river bed will be compensated for by widening the opposite bank <strong>of</strong> the<br />
river. The boundaries <strong>of</strong> the properties will remain unaltered. The viewer sensitivity is high. The<br />
change in visual resource will be low. The predicted significance <strong>of</strong> visual impact will be moderate<br />
negative. Overall no significant visual impacts are predicted for residential properties at North Street.<br />
9.4.2.4 Viewpoint Assessment<br />
A series <strong>of</strong> representative viewpoints have been selected from locations throughout the study area<br />
and subjected to specific assessment below. The location <strong>of</strong> all viewpoints can be found on Figure<br />
9.2.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 9-12 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Viewpoint 1: View from Ilen Street at John F. Kennedy Bridge<br />
Viewer sensitivity: this view is from a road that is predominantly used by the local community and<br />
occasional tourists. The viewer sensitivity is medium.<br />
Existing visual resource: the existing view is elevated and <strong>of</strong>fers a panoramic view across the river<br />
towards the town. The view is enclosed by near distance hills that surround the town. The rears <strong>of</strong><br />
properties back onto the river. Intermittent riverside vegetation lines the river bank with occasional<br />
large trees.<br />
Predicted view: the proposals will be directly visible from this location. Approximately 105 m <strong>of</strong> flood<br />
wall will be constructed on the southern bank <strong>of</strong> the river. The flood wall will be 700 mm wide and<br />
1800 mm high. The wall will be masonry faced on both sides. The existing grass bank area near the<br />
bridge will be retained for access for rowers and general amenity use. The new wall will obscure the<br />
views to existing buildings and roads but will not obstruct any view <strong>of</strong> importance. The views along the<br />
river will be maintained.<br />
Magnitude <strong>of</strong> change: the magnitude <strong>of</strong> change in visual resource is medium.<br />
Significance <strong>of</strong> Visual <strong>Impact</strong>: the predicted significance <strong>of</strong> visual impact will be moderate negative.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 9-13 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Viewpoint 2: View from N71 Schull Road<br />
Viewer sensitivity: this view is available from N71 road which is predominantly used by the local<br />
community and occasional tourist. The viewer sensitivity is medium.<br />
Existing visual resource: the existing view is at road level and eastwards along the vista <strong>of</strong> the road.<br />
To the left <strong>of</strong> the view a roadside dwelling with tall garden vegetation prevents views to the north.<br />
Skibbereen Town centre is just discernible to the right <strong>of</strong> the view.<br />
Predicted view: the proposed works will be directly visible from this viewpoint. To the left <strong>of</strong> the view, a<br />
proposed 1400 mm masonry faced flood wall largely located behind the viewer will change at this<br />
location to a 1200-1800 mm grassed embankment which will extend into the distance along the Schull<br />
Road as far as John F. Kennedy Bridge. The existing hedgerows and visible trees on the right side <strong>of</strong><br />
the road will be removed to create the embankment. The embankment will alter the view from this<br />
location on approach to Skibbereen and prevent views towards the town and river corridor for<br />
sections that reach 1800 mm in height.<br />
Magnitude <strong>of</strong> change: the magnitude <strong>of</strong> change in visual resource is high.<br />
Significance <strong>of</strong> Visual <strong>Impact</strong>: the predicted significance <strong>of</strong> visual impact will be substantial/moderate<br />
negative.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 9-14 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Viewpoint 3: View from N71 East <strong>of</strong> Roundabout<br />
Viewer sensitivity: this view is from the N71 and is predominantly available to the local community and<br />
occasional tourists. The viewer sensitivity is medium.<br />
Existing visual resource: the existing view is from road level and looking eastwards along the N71<br />
towards the River Ilen. A large car park is located to the right <strong>of</strong> the view defined at the road side by a<br />
low natural stone wall. Tall streetlights extend <strong>of</strong>f into the distance. While the river is located in this<br />
view direction it is not visible. The skyline is defined by trees and urban development on the eastern<br />
and southern banks <strong>of</strong> the river.<br />
Predicted view: the proposed development will be directly visible from this location. On the right hand<br />
side <strong>of</strong> the road a 300 – 700 mm grass flood embankment will extend for approximately 420 m along<br />
the Skibbereen Relief Road. At the height proposed there will be no significant interruption <strong>of</strong> views<br />
towards the river corridor and Skibbereen Town centre.<br />
Magnitude <strong>of</strong> change: the magnitude <strong>of</strong> change in visual resource is low.<br />
Significance <strong>of</strong> Visual <strong>Impact</strong>: the predicted significance <strong>of</strong> visual impact will be slight/moderate<br />
negative.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 9-15 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Viewpoint 4: View from N71 Bridge<br />
Viewer sensitivity: this view is available from the N71 road and will be predominantly available to the<br />
local community and tourists. The viewer sensitivity is medium.<br />
Existing visual resource: the existing view is slightly elevated and <strong>of</strong>fers a view across the River Ilen.<br />
The foreground is dominated by road and bridge infrastructure. The banks <strong>of</strong> the river in the<br />
foreground have little visually significant vegetation but in the middle distance dense vegetation is<br />
visible on both sides <strong>of</strong> the river. Tall coniferous trees that extend from the centre <strong>of</strong> the view to the<br />
right prevent views to the north. Urban development is noticeable to the left <strong>of</strong> the view.<br />
Predicted view: the proposed development will be directly visible from this viewpoint. On the western<br />
bank on the left <strong>of</strong> the river in the view it is proposed to construct a grass flood embankment that will<br />
extend from the bridge for approximately 547 m and at a height <strong>of</strong> between 1400 – 2000 mm that will<br />
cross the agricultural field in the foreground and extend to the rear <strong>of</strong> the industrial premises screened<br />
by the coniferous trees. On the opposite bank a grass flood embankment will be constructed that will<br />
extend for 424 m and be at a height <strong>of</strong> between 1800 – 2400 mm. The flood embankment on the<br />
western bank will in part restrict views <strong>of</strong> the river but both flood embankments will appear as grass<br />
embankments and blend with the existing grassland vegetation on both sides <strong>of</strong> the river with little<br />
visual resource change.<br />
Magnitude <strong>of</strong> change: the magnitude <strong>of</strong> change in visual resource is low.<br />
Significance <strong>of</strong> Visual <strong>Impact</strong>: the predicted significance <strong>of</strong> visual impact will be slight/moderate<br />
negative.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 9-16 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Viewpoint 5: View from R593<br />
Viewer sensitivity: this view is from the R593 and is predominantly available to the local community.<br />
The viewer sensitivity is low.<br />
Existing visual resource: the existing view is from the roadside and constrained on all sides by<br />
vegetation which directs views along the road vista. Tall streetlights and timber poles with overhead<br />
lines are obvious. The view is visually poor in quality.<br />
Predicted view: the proposed development will be directly visible from this viewpoint. On the left side<br />
<strong>of</strong> the view the existing hedgerow will be completely removed and a new 1000 – 1500 mm masonry<br />
faced flood wall erected for 308 m along the R593 Mill Road underneath the existing trees which are<br />
to be retained. The proposal restricts views to the west and channels the viewers eye along the road<br />
vista. It could be argued that the installation <strong>of</strong> an attractive masonry faced wall will benefit visual<br />
amenity from the R593 which is currently visually poor.<br />
Magnitude <strong>of</strong> change: the magnitude <strong>of</strong> change in visual resource is high.<br />
Significance <strong>of</strong> Visual <strong>Impact</strong>: the predicted significance <strong>of</strong> visual impact will be moderate negative.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 9-17 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Viewpoint 6: View from Townsend Street<br />
Viewer sensitivity: this view is from a local road and is predominantly available to the local community.<br />
The viewer sensitivity is low.<br />
Existing visual resource: the existing view is urban in character and enclosed in nature by built<br />
development and trees. A grass field is located in the centre and left <strong>of</strong> the view that leads to a large<br />
retail business. To the right <strong>of</strong> the view a visually poor block wall extends from right to centre with<br />
residential development visible to the rear <strong>of</strong> the wall. Tall and maturing trees extend from the end <strong>of</strong><br />
the wall and into the distance.<br />
Predicted view: the proposed development will be directly visible from this viewpoint. A grass flood<br />
embankment will extend across the field in the left <strong>of</strong> the view at a height <strong>of</strong> 1300 mm and for a length<br />
<strong>of</strong> approximately 65 m. This grass flood embankment will partly screen views to the retail premises<br />
but there is no significant loss <strong>of</strong> view. To the right <strong>of</strong> the view, a new 1300 mm masonry faced flood<br />
wall will be erected for a length <strong>of</strong> approximately 35m along the boundary <strong>of</strong> the residential property.<br />
Again there is no loss <strong>of</strong> view and the masonry flood wall will be a visual improvement on the unrendered<br />
block currently visible.<br />
Magnitude <strong>of</strong> change: the magnitude <strong>of</strong> change in visual resource is low.<br />
Significance <strong>of</strong> Visual <strong>Impact</strong>: the predicted significance <strong>of</strong> visual impact will be slight negative.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 9-18 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Viewpoint 7: View from Local Road East <strong>of</strong> show grounds<br />
Viewer sensitivity: this view is available from a local road and will be predominantly available to the<br />
local community. The viewer sensitivity is low.<br />
Existing visual resource: the existing view is from a narrow local road looking northeast across open<br />
pastoral fields. Trees at the rear <strong>of</strong> the fields break the skyline and restrict views out however a<br />
glimpse view out to a distant mountain is possible in the centre <strong>of</strong> the view. Scattered dwellings and<br />
farm buildings are noticeable along with tall wooden poles and the view is urban fringe in character.<br />
Predicted view: the proposed development will be directly visible from this viewpoint. A grass flood<br />
embankment will be constructed along the right side <strong>of</strong> the road. The flood embankment will be<br />
between 1100 – 1500 mm high and extend for approximately 223 m. The grass bank will blend with<br />
the pastoral nature <strong>of</strong> the view and there will be no significant loss <strong>of</strong> view.<br />
Magnitude <strong>of</strong> change: the magnitude <strong>of</strong> change in visual resource is low.<br />
Significance <strong>of</strong> Visual <strong>Impact</strong>: the predicted significance <strong>of</strong> visual impact will be moderate negative.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 9-19 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Viewpoint 8: View from N71 East to Mill Road<br />
Viewer sensitivity: this view is available from the N71 road and will be predominantly available to the<br />
local community and tourists. The viewer sensitivity is medium.<br />
Existing visual resource: the existing view is slightly elevated and <strong>of</strong>fers a view across sports grounds<br />
and towards Mill Road. Garden vegetation to the left <strong>of</strong> the view prevents views further to the east.<br />
Properties along Mill Road are prominent. Rising topography to the rear <strong>of</strong> the properties is noticeable<br />
on the skyline.<br />
Predicted view: the proposed development will be directly visible from this viewpoint. It is proposed to<br />
construct a grass flood embankment from the foreground <strong>of</strong> the view and within the sports ground that<br />
will extend east and along the Mill Road boundary with the sports ground. The flood embankment<br />
will be 1250 – 1800 mm high and extend for approximately 313 m. There will be some loss <strong>of</strong><br />
vegetation on the boundary with Mill Road. Overall the view from the N71 will be maintained.<br />
Magnitude <strong>of</strong> change: the magnitude <strong>of</strong> change in visual resource is low.<br />
Significance <strong>of</strong> Visual <strong>Impact</strong>: the predicted significance <strong>of</strong> visual impact will be slight/moderate<br />
negative.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 9-20 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Viewpoint 9: View from Baltimore Road<br />
Viewer sensitivity: this view is available from the Baltimore Road and will be predominantly available<br />
to the local community and tourists. The viewer sensitivity is medium.<br />
Existing visual resource: the existing view is available along the vista <strong>of</strong> the Baltimore Road. Large<br />
gardens <strong>of</strong> dwellings extend to the roadside with no verge or footpath at the boundary with the road.<br />
There is some visually significant garden vegetation visible. Residential properties are well set back<br />
from the road.<br />
Predicted view: the proposed development will be directly visible from this viewpoint. It is proposed to<br />
construct a grass flood embankment along the bottom <strong>of</strong> the residential gardens to the left <strong>of</strong> the view.<br />
The flood embankment will require the loss <strong>of</strong> some smaller trees and shrubs in the gardens. The<br />
flood embankment will be 500 mm high and extend for approximately 92 m. Overall there will be no<br />
loss <strong>of</strong> view.<br />
Magnitude <strong>of</strong> change: the magnitude <strong>of</strong> change in visual resource is low.<br />
Significance <strong>of</strong> Visual <strong>Impact</strong>: the predicted significance <strong>of</strong> visual impact will be slight/moderate<br />
negative.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 9-21 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Viewpoint 10: View along Ilen Street looking to N71 Schull Road<br />
Viewer sensitivity: this view is available from Ilen Street and will be predominantly available to the<br />
local community and tourists. The viewer sensitivity is medium.<br />
Existing visual resource: the existing view is slightly elevated and <strong>of</strong>fers across a pastoral field and<br />
along the road towards the N71 Schull Road. Both Iilen Street and Schull Road roads are set above<br />
the field and grass embankments are visible. Tall street lights add vertical components to the view.<br />
Distant hills provide an attractive backdrop to the view but generally the view is urban fringe in<br />
character.<br />
Predicted view: the proposed development will be directly visible from this viewpoint. It is proposed to<br />
construct a grass flood embankment from the left side <strong>of</strong> Ilen Street in the foreground and extending<br />
along Ilen Street towards the N71 for the entire boundary with the open grass field in this view. The<br />
flood embankment will be between 1200 – 1800 mm high and approximately 709 m long. The fact that<br />
the existing road is elevated above the field will mean that views above the flood embankment will be<br />
predominantly maintained. Views to the distant hills will remain.<br />
Magnitude <strong>of</strong> change: the magnitude <strong>of</strong> change in visual resource is medium.<br />
Significance <strong>of</strong> Visual <strong>Impact</strong>: the predicted significance <strong>of</strong> visual impact will be moderate negative.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 9-22 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Viewpoint 11: View from Market Street looking south east along the Caol Stream<br />
Viewer sensitivity: this view is available from Market Street and will be predominantly available to the<br />
local community. The viewer sensitivity is low.<br />
Existing visual resource: the existing view is from road level looking south east along the Caol Stream<br />
which leads the eye into the centre <strong>of</strong> the view. Trees line both sides <strong>of</strong> the river on grass banks<br />
creating a closed view with the middle landscape obscured from view. On the easterly embankment<br />
on the left <strong>of</strong> the river there is a residential property bounded by a concrete block wall with some trees<br />
between the wall and river. The westerly side <strong>of</strong> the embankment on the right side <strong>of</strong> the river is<br />
bounded by a timber post and rail fence with car park and shopping facilities. The view is enclosed in<br />
nature.<br />
Predicted view: the proposed development will be directly visible from this viewpoint. It is proposed to<br />
construct a masonry faced wall on both sides <strong>of</strong> the river approximately 1200 mm above ground level<br />
which will dominate the view creating straight lines channelling the viewers eye along the river. To<br />
facilitate the construction <strong>of</strong> the new wall the existing trees on the easterly embankment between the<br />
residential property concrete block wall and proposed wall will be removed.<br />
Magnitude <strong>of</strong> change: the magnitude <strong>of</strong> change in visual resource is high.<br />
Significance <strong>of</strong> Visual <strong>Impact</strong>: the predicted significance <strong>of</strong> visual impact will be moderate negative.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 9-23 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
9.5 MITIGATION MEASURES<br />
Mitigation measures are those taken to help reduce the impacts arising from any visually intrusive or<br />
insensitive elements within the scheme. These can be undertaken as part <strong>of</strong> the scheme design or as<br />
remedial works undertaken as the scheme construction is completed. The impact <strong>of</strong> the scheme<br />
should be ameliorated through a landscape rehabilitation plan, prepared in conjunction with the<br />
engineering design which would, in time, go some way to insuring integration <strong>of</strong> the flood relief<br />
proposals into the broader environment. Given the nature <strong>of</strong> the proposals, particular mitigation<br />
measures shall be incorporated as part <strong>of</strong> the scheme. A list <strong>of</strong> objectives in terms <strong>of</strong> mitigation for<br />
visual quality and landscape character shall include the following for the construction and operational<br />
stage.<br />
9.5.1 Construction Stage<br />
• Materials chosen for river wall construction to be <strong>of</strong> similar colour, size and scale to existing<br />
river channel walls. Walls where widely visible will be stone faced and where appropriate stone<br />
capped;<br />
• Construction <strong>of</strong> Embankments. The embankments will be planted with grass;<br />
• Protection <strong>of</strong> existing trees. The services <strong>of</strong> a qualified aboriculturist will be sought to perform a<br />
tree survey <strong>of</strong> the route. The trees should be assessed to quantify their age, condition and<br />
amenity value and tagged with metal tags. Prior to commencement <strong>of</strong> construction, existing<br />
trees which are to be retained will be protected by erection <strong>of</strong> timber post and wire fence to<br />
ensure no works are carried out under reach <strong>of</strong> their canopies;<br />
• Ensuring landscape framework remains dominant by cleaning up <strong>of</strong> debris on river banks and<br />
providing a landscape management programme to protect and reinforce bank side vegetation<br />
• Standard trees will also be planted alongside river banks in certain urban areas to create tree<br />
lined river bank character and will be positioned where they will not adversely impact on<br />
channel or floodplain conveyance, and where they will not have a negative effect on the<br />
proposed embankments.<br />
9.5.2 Operational Stage<br />
• Ensuring the landscape management programme identified above is implemented during the<br />
lifetime <strong>of</strong> the scheme to protect and reinforce bank side vegetation with the aim <strong>of</strong> ensuring<br />
landscape framework remains dominant;<br />
• Ongoing landscape maintenance and debris cleaning; and<br />
• Where new planting is required to improve structure or replace removed bank-side vegetation,<br />
the plant selection will be predominantly indigenous species similar to those already growing in<br />
the Skibbereen area to ensure successful plant establishment.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 9-24 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
9.6 CONCLUSION & RESIDUAL IMPACT<br />
RPS was commissioned to complete a Landscape and Visual <strong>Impact</strong> Assessment (LVIA) <strong>of</strong> the<br />
proposed River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme.<br />
The proposed development is located within a landscape character area identified as Skibbereen<br />
Urban Landscape Character Area. This landscape character area has been identified as having a low<br />
sensitivity to change. During construction the predicted magnitude <strong>of</strong> landscape resource change will<br />
be low and the significance <strong>of</strong> landscape impact will be slight negative due to limited change in<br />
landscape resource as the existing site is robust in character. There is potential for significant visual<br />
impacts for residential properties during the construction period and for views from the S90 Scenic<br />
Route on Schull Road due to the proximity <strong>of</strong> works to residential properties and the protected Scenic<br />
Route. However all such significant visual impacts will be temporary in nature.<br />
During operational stage the predicted magnitude <strong>of</strong> landscape resource change will be low and the<br />
significance <strong>of</strong> landscape impact will be slight negative due to limited change in landscape resource at<br />
the existing site.<br />
The Zone <strong>of</strong> Visual Influence (ZVI) has been established for the proposed project to allow any<br />
potential areas <strong>of</strong> significant visual impact to be identified. Actual visual impacts from within the ZVI<br />
have been predicted by site survey and assessment.<br />
A total <strong>of</strong> 10 viewpoints have been assessed during the operation stage <strong>of</strong> the proposal and only one<br />
viewpoint on N71 Schull Road (Viewpoint 2) has been predicted to have significant visual impacts.<br />
There will be no significant visual impacts for residential properties on Baltimore Road, Schull Road,<br />
North Street, Upper Bridge Street, Mill Road or the local road east <strong>of</strong> Mill Road.<br />
There is potential for significant visual impacts during the operation stage and for views from S90<br />
Scenic Route on Schull Road due to the proximity <strong>of</strong> the proposed grass embankment to the<br />
protected Scenic Route. The effected section <strong>of</strong> S90 is however a very short length <strong>of</strong> this very long<br />
route.<br />
In conclusion the broader landscape character area and visual context around Skibbereen Town<br />
centre has the capacity to absorb a development <strong>of</strong> this scale and the proposal is acceptable in<br />
landscape and visual terms.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 9-25 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
10 AIR QUALITY AND CLIMATE<br />
10.1 INTRODUCTION<br />
This Chapter <strong>of</strong> the EIS describes the impact to air quality and climate associated with the proposed<br />
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme. This Chapter should be read in conjunction with the<br />
proposed scheme layout plans (Figure 2.1) and the project description as outlined in Section 2.4 <strong>of</strong><br />
this EIS. This assessment was prepared in accordance with the “Guidelines on the information to be<br />
contained in <strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong>s” (EPA 2002).<br />
This study will identify, describe and assess the impact <strong>of</strong> the development in terms <strong>of</strong> its impact on<br />
air quality. Particular attention will be focused on sensitive receptors, such as residential areas<br />
adjacent to the site, and to the extent <strong>of</strong> the exposure <strong>of</strong> these receptors to airborne pollutants derived<br />
as a result <strong>of</strong> the development.<br />
Air quality significance criteria are assessed on the basis <strong>of</strong> compliance with the appropriate<br />
standards or limit values. The applicable standards in Ireland include the Air Quality Standards<br />
Regulations 2002, which incorporate EU Directives 1999/30/EC and 2000/69/EC (see Table 10.3 and<br />
Table 10.4).<br />
10.2 METHODOLOGY<br />
A baseline air quality assessment has been carried out in the study area. The baseline survey was<br />
undertaken to identify existing pollutants in the area. Data from the EPA national air quality monitoring<br />
network is also referenced to illustrate longer-term pollutant trends in locations similar to the study<br />
area.<br />
10.2.1 Air Quality Legislation<br />
In order to reduce the risk to health from poor air quality, National and European statutory bodies have<br />
set limit values in ambient air for a range <strong>of</strong> air pollutants. These limit values or “Air Quality Standards”<br />
are health- or environmental-based levels for which additional factors may be considered. For<br />
example, natural background levels, environmental conditions and socio-economic factors may all<br />
play a part in the limit value which is set. Air quality significance criteria are assessed on the basis <strong>of</strong><br />
compliance with the appropriate standards or limit values.<br />
The relevant Irish ambient air standards have been adopted from the European Commission<br />
Framework Directive (96/62/EC) and the associated Daughter Directives on air quality (1999/30/EC,<br />
2000/69/EC) and are cited as the Air Quality Standards Regulations, which came into force on 17th<br />
June 2002 (Irish Legislation S.I. No. 271 <strong>of</strong> 2002).<br />
The Air Quality Standards Regulations specify limit values in ambient air for sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ),<br />
lead, particulate matter (PM 10 ) (Stage I) and carbon monoxide (CO), which came into effect on 1 st<br />
January, 2005. For nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), oxides <strong>of</strong> nitrogen (NO x ), particulate matter (PM 10 ) (Stage<br />
II) and benzene the effective date was 1 st January 2010. Alert thresholds for SO 2 and NO 2 are<br />
specified. The Regulations also specify margins <strong>of</strong> tolerance for exceedance <strong>of</strong> the new limit values<br />
in the period prior to their entry into force, which have relevance to the air quality assessment<br />
responsibilities assigned to the EPA in the Regulations.<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 10-1 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
The Regulations provide for advice by the EPA to local authorities about the need for air quality<br />
management plans where the limit values, plus margins <strong>of</strong> tolerance, will be or may be exceeded, and<br />
the preparation <strong>of</strong> such plans by local authorities. Provision is also made for air pollution action plans<br />
for short-term risks <strong>of</strong> exceedances <strong>of</strong> the limit values and alert thresholds. The Regulations also<br />
provide for public information procedures, including where specified public alert thresholds are<br />
exceeded, to deal with incidences where there is a risk to human health from brief exposure <strong>of</strong> SO 2<br />
and NO 2 .<br />
The EU has recently adopted the CAFÉ Directive (2008/50/EC), which incorporates all the main air<br />
quality limits and measurements techniques into one Directive. Article 33(1) <strong>of</strong> the Directive provides,<br />
‘member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to<br />
comply with this Directive before 11 th June 2010. The Directive has been considered during this<br />
assessment.<br />
The Directive makes provision for the:-<br />
• Withdrawal <strong>of</strong> the Stage 2 2010 PM 10 indicative limit values and the opportunity to apply for an<br />
extension to the existing target dates for achievement <strong>of</strong> the limit values;<br />
• Introduction <strong>of</strong> a ‘national exposure reduction target’ to the average <strong>of</strong> annual mean PM 2.5<br />
concentrations measured at urban background locations throughout the territory <strong>of</strong> a Member<br />
State by up to 20% between 2010 and 2020 with the actual reduction dependent on the initial<br />
concentration;<br />
• Introduction <strong>of</strong> an ‘exposure concentration obligation’ based on the average <strong>of</strong> annual mean<br />
PM 2.5 concentrations measured at urban background locations throughout the territory <strong>of</strong> a<br />
Member State <strong>of</strong> 20µg.m -3 to be met by 2015;<br />
• Introduction <strong>of</strong> a target value for annual mean PM 2.5 <strong>of</strong> 25µg.m -3 to be met by the 1 st <strong>of</strong> January<br />
2010; and<br />
• Introduction <strong>of</strong> a Stage 1 limit value for annual mean PM 2.5 <strong>of</strong> 25µg.m -3 to be met by 1st<br />
January 2015 and an indicative Stage 2 limit value <strong>of</strong> 20µg.m -3 to be met 1st January 2020.<br />
Climate Agreements<br />
Ireland ratified the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in April<br />
1994 and the Kyoto Protocol in principle in 1997 and formally in May 2002(14,15). For the purposes <strong>of</strong><br />
the EU burden sharing agreement under Article 4 <strong>of</strong> the Kyoto Protocol, in June 1998, Ireland agreed<br />
to limit the net growth <strong>of</strong> the six GHGs under the Kyoto Protocol to 13% above the 1990 level over the<br />
period 2008 to 2012(16,17). The UNFCCC is continuing detailed negotiations in relation to GHGs<br />
reductions and in relation to technical issues such as Emission Trading and burden sharing. The most<br />
recent Conference <strong>of</strong> the Parties (COP9) to the agreement was convened in Milan in December 2003.<br />
In Article 5 <strong>of</strong> the Kyoto Protocol, it states that the methodologies for estimating anthropogenic<br />
emissions by sources and removal by sinks <strong>of</strong> all greenhouse gases (except those controlled by the<br />
Montreal Protocol) shall be those accepted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change<br />
(IPCC)<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 10-2 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
10.2.2 Baseline Air Quality Monitoring<br />
A baseline air quality monitoring survey was carried out in the vicinity <strong>of</strong> the proposed floodwall and<br />
embankment works using an approved air monitoring technique. A total <strong>of</strong> six sample locations were<br />
chosen to represent the baseline air quality in the area. These locations are presented in Table 10.1<br />
and graphically in Figure 10.1 below.<br />
Table 10.1: Description <strong>of</strong> Air Monitoring Locations<br />
Location<br />
Reference<br />
A1 Housing<br />
Estate on<br />
right hand<br />
side <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Schull Road<br />
(N71)<br />
Description<br />
A2 West<br />
Cork Hotel<br />
Car Park on<br />
Ilen Street<br />
(behind the<br />
West Cork<br />
Hotel)<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 10-3 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Location<br />
Reference<br />
A3 Behind<br />
Civil<br />
Defence<br />
Building on<br />
North Street<br />
(on bank <strong>of</strong><br />
the River<br />
Ilen)<br />
Description<br />
A4 Old<br />
School/<br />
House next<br />
to the play<br />
ground at<br />
the end <strong>of</strong><br />
Mill Road<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 10-4 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Location<br />
Reference<br />
A5 Next to<br />
Apartment<br />
Block,<br />
behind<br />
Roycr<strong>of</strong>t<br />
Bicycle<br />
Shop in<br />
Super Valu<br />
Car Park <strong>of</strong>f<br />
Townsend<br />
Street<br />
Description<br />
A6 School<br />
on<br />
Castletown<br />
send Road<br />
The baseline air quality assessment was scoped to determine the existing ambient dust levels derived<br />
from traffic and other sources <strong>of</strong> particulate pollution in the study area.<br />
Baseline ambient dust deposition levels were also assessed using dust deposition gauges –<br />
Bergerh<strong>of</strong>f Gauges, erected at a 2m height. The baseline survey was carried out over a short period<br />
<strong>of</strong> time from the 7 th <strong>of</strong> July 2012 to August 7 th 2012.<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 10-5 Rev. F01
Riverdate<br />
Estate<br />
2.3<br />
11.6<br />
CF<br />
CF<br />
15.8<br />
9.1<br />
2.2 2.4<br />
Assumption Place<br />
Coronea Court<br />
5.6<br />
BLACKTHORN DRIVE<br />
12.9<br />
18.5<br />
UND<br />
14.7<br />
LS<br />
2.8<br />
Care Centre<br />
LS<br />
UPPER<br />
11.9<br />
The Moorings<br />
2.1<br />
BRIDGE<br />
STREET<br />
10kv<br />
The Flax Mills<br />
(1-18)<br />
11.8<br />
2.6<br />
2.5<br />
The Moorings<br />
10.7<br />
15<br />
CF<br />
2.4<br />
2.5<br />
UND UND<br />
2.3<br />
2<br />
RIVER ILEN<br />
9.6<br />
Sports Ground<br />
10kv<br />
2.4<br />
7.6<br />
2.2<br />
2.4<br />
10kv<br />
BM 2.83<br />
2.5<br />
2.5<br />
John F<br />
Kennedy<br />
Bridge<br />
Hotel<br />
Church<br />
(C <strong>of</strong> I)<br />
2.5<br />
Mardyke Court<br />
(1-6)<br />
8.0<br />
STREET<br />
3.3<br />
Fire Station<br />
2.5<br />
2.9<br />
3.5<br />
3.5<br />
BM 3.29<br />
5.5<br />
UND<br />
Mart<br />
CS<br />
BRIDGE<br />
10kv<br />
UND<br />
CS<br />
CS<br />
STREET<br />
BM 4.47<br />
Sports Grounds<br />
3.4<br />
T<br />
CF<br />
3.0<br />
MAIN<br />
10kv<br />
NCT<br />
Centre<br />
2.5<br />
2.2<br />
STREET<br />
CF<br />
2.2<br />
2.8<br />
Treatment<br />
Plant<br />
CS<br />
2.6<br />
THE<br />
SQUARE<br />
Town Hall<br />
T<br />
STREET<br />
2.6<br />
2.6<br />
2.5<br />
CS<br />
Sports Ground<br />
2.7<br />
CR<br />
Sports Ground<br />
Club House<br />
T<br />
Cathedral<br />
UND UND<br />
1.9<br />
The Rock<br />
Tank<br />
CS<br />
MILL MILL<br />
ROAD ROAD<br />
1.7<br />
School<br />
2.8<br />
SKIBBEREEN<br />
10kv<br />
2.1<br />
Show Grounds<br />
School<br />
CS<br />
Sports Centre<br />
3.2<br />
Burial<br />
Ground<br />
School<br />
T<br />
3.5<br />
School<br />
30<br />
Souterrain<br />
(Site <strong>of</strong>)<br />
CR<br />
Hillcrest<br />
School<br />
T<br />
4.4<br />
3.8<br />
UND<br />
4.3<br />
Gaelscoil<br />
(site <strong>of</strong>)<br />
CS<br />
UND<br />
FF<br />
UND<br />
4.7<br />
4.8<br />
45.3<br />
10kv<br />
T<br />
CS<br />
FF<br />
7.5<br />
5.8<br />
49.3<br />
10kv<br />
CR<br />
10<br />
FF<br />
1<br />
6.2<br />
Tanks<br />
UND<br />
50.4<br />
Town Co Bdy<br />
Town Town Town Co Co Co Bdy Bdy Bdy<br />
10KV<br />
UND<br />
UND<br />
Town Co Bdy<br />
ROAD ROAD<br />
Glencurragh<br />
RIVER<br />
A 4<br />
CORK CORK<br />
Town Town Co Bdy<br />
Area under development<br />
ILEN<br />
HWM<br />
A 1<br />
STREET STREET<br />
NORTH<br />
14 11<br />
A 3<br />
STREET<br />
ILEN STREET<br />
A 2<br />
RIVER<br />
ILEN<br />
NORTH<br />
Ardcarrig<br />
2<br />
11 12<br />
BRIDGE STREET<br />
10<br />
1<br />
2<br />
Pound Hill<br />
ROSSA<br />
ROAD<br />
ROSSA ROAD<br />
Gortnaclohy Drive<br />
MARKET MARKET<br />
TOWNSHEND TOWNSHEND<br />
STREET<br />
STREET STREET<br />
Caol Stream<br />
A 5<br />
STREET<br />
MARDYKE MARDYKE<br />
37<br />
38<br />
Hawthorns<br />
43<br />
Mardyke Park<br />
27 28<br />
UND<br />
2<br />
8<br />
9<br />
1<br />
23<br />
24 26<br />
Area under<br />
construction<br />
61<br />
31<br />
32<br />
The Mills<br />
19<br />
FW<br />
46<br />
45<br />
Coronea<br />
10kv<br />
Drive<br />
UND<br />
UND<br />
Castle<br />
Town Co Bdy<br />
Legend<br />
UND<br />
Air Quality Locations<br />
19<br />
14<br />
8<br />
9<br />
6<br />
Abhainn Beag<br />
1<br />
10kv<br />
School<br />
A 6<br />
10kv<br />
UND<br />
Area under construction<br />
5<br />
CARRIGFADDA<br />
Town Co Bdy<br />
10kv<br />
Innishmore,<br />
Ballincollig,<br />
Co Cork,<br />
Ireland<br />
T +353 21 4665900<br />
F +353 21 4873742<br />
E ireland@rpsgroup.com<br />
W rpsgroup.com/ireland<br />
Project<br />
River Ilen (Skibbereen)<br />
Drainage Scheme<br />
<br />
Issue Details<br />
Drawn by: T Hurley<br />
Checked by: A Fitzgerald<br />
Approved by: B Brice<br />
Project No.<br />
File Ref.<br />
MCE0703<br />
MCE0703Mi0012A01<br />
Scale:<br />
N.T.S.<br />
Drawing No.<br />
Rev.<br />
Client<br />
Cork<br />
County<br />
Council<br />
Title<br />
Figure<br />
Air Quality Locations<br />
10.1<br />
0 50 100<br />
Kilometers<br />
Date:<br />
Notes<br />
March 2013<br />
Mi0012<br />
A01<br />
1. This drawing is the property <strong>of</strong> RPS Group Ltd. It is a<br />
confidential document and must not be copied, used,<br />
or its contents divulged without prior written consent.<br />
2. All levels are referred to Ordnance Datum, Malin Head.<br />
3. Ordnance Survey Ireland Licence EN 0005013<br />
©Copyright Government <strong>of</strong> Ireland.
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
10.3 EXISTING ENVIRONMENT<br />
10.3.1 Existing Meteorological Conditions<br />
A key factor in assessing temporal and spatial variations in air quality is the prevailing meteorological<br />
conditions. Depending on wind speed and direction, individual receptors may experience very<br />
significant variations in pollutant levels under the same source strength (i.e. traffic levels). Wind is <strong>of</strong><br />
key importance in dispersing air pollutants and for ground level sources, such as traffic emissions,<br />
pollutant concentrations are generally inversely related to wind speed. Thus, concentrations <strong>of</strong><br />
pollutants derived from traffic sources will generally be greatest under very calm conditions and low<br />
wind speeds when the movement <strong>of</strong> air is restricted. In relation to dust, the situation is more complex<br />
due to the range <strong>of</strong> sources <strong>of</strong> this pollutant. Smaller particles (less than PM 2.5 ) from traffic sources<br />
will be dispersed more rapidly at higher wind speeds. However, fugitive emissions <strong>of</strong> coarse particles<br />
(PM 2.5 – PM10) will actually increase at higher wind speeds. Thus, measured levels <strong>of</strong> PM10 will be a<br />
non-linear function <strong>of</strong> wind speed.<br />
The nearest representative weather station to Skibbereen, collating detailed weather records is Cork<br />
Airport, which is located approximately 80km north east <strong>of</strong> the site. Cork Airport Weather Station has<br />
been examined to identify the prevailing wind direction and average wind speeds over an annual<br />
period.<br />
The prevailing wind direction for the area is between northwest to southwest as presented in the<br />
windrose for Cork Airport Met Station in Figure 10.2. Easterly winds tend to be very infrequent. Wind<br />
characteristics vary between a moderate breeze to gales (average 10.8 days with gales per annum).<br />
Monthly average wind speeds range between 9.03 and 12.1 knots with highest wind speeds occurring<br />
during winter months (December and January). Lowest wind speeds were recorded in the June, July<br />
and August period.<br />
Poor dispersion can occur under certain weather characteristics known as inversions that form in very<br />
light or calm wind and stable atmospheric conditions. The wind rose illustrated in Figure 10.3 identifies<br />
that such wind conditions are very infrequent.<br />
Figure 10.2: Windrose for Cork Airport Met Station<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 10-7 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
10.3.2 Available Air Quality Data<br />
As part <strong>of</strong> the Framework Directive 96/62/EC on air quality monitoring, assessment and management,<br />
with particular reference to air quality standards laid down by the directive, four air quality zones have<br />
been defined for Ireland. These zones are as follows:-<br />
Zone A - Dublin City and Environs.<br />
Zone B - Cork City and Environs.<br />
Zone C - 16 urban areas with populations greater than 15,000.<br />
Zone D - The remainder <strong>of</strong> the country.<br />
These zones have been defined to meet criteria for air quality monitoring and management as<br />
described by directive 96/62/EC and its “daughter directives”. This monitoring is undertaken by the<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> Protection Agency and local authorities. The most recent report on air quality “Air<br />
Quality Monitoring Report 2010”, details the range and scope <strong>of</strong> monitoring throughout Ireland. In<br />
terms <strong>of</strong> monitoring zones the proposed drainage scheme lies in Zone D.<br />
Sulphur Dioxide SO 2<br />
SO 2 was measured in 12 stations throughout Ireland in 2010 and all stations recorded levels below<br />
the daily limit <strong>of</strong> 125 µg/m 3 , as set out in the CAFÉ directive. Long-term SO 2 monitoring is carried out<br />
at two rural Zone D locations, Glashaboy and Kilkitt. The SO 2 annual average in 2010 for both sites<br />
was 2 and 3 µg/m 3 respectively.<br />
Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2 )<br />
Long-term NO 2 monitoring is carried out at two rural Zone D locations, Glashaboy and Kilkitt. The NO 2<br />
annual average in 2010 for both sites was 10 and 3 µg/m 3 respectively. The results <strong>of</strong> the NO 2<br />
monitoring carried out at the urban Zone D location in Castlebar in 2010 indicated an average NO 2<br />
concentration <strong>of</strong> 10 ug/m 3 while the Zone C locations <strong>of</strong> Newbridge and Cellbridge had average NO 2<br />
concentrations <strong>of</strong> 17 and 12 ug/m 3 respectively with no exceedances <strong>of</strong> the 1 hour limit value. Hence<br />
long term average concentrations measured at these locations were significantly lower than the<br />
annual average limit value <strong>of</strong> 40 ug/m 3 .<br />
Particulate Matter (PM 10 )<br />
Long term PM 10 monitoring was carried out at the urban Zone D locations <strong>of</strong> Castlebar and Longford<br />
in 2010. The PM 10 annual averages for both locations in 2010 were 15 and 21 µg/m 3 respectively. The<br />
PM 10 annual average in 2010 for rural Zone D location <strong>of</strong> Kilkitt was 10 ug/m 3 .<br />
In addition, data from the station at Phoenix Park in Dublin provides a good indication <strong>of</strong> urban<br />
background levels, with an annual average in 2010 <strong>of</strong> 11µg/m 3 .<br />
Benzene<br />
Continuous monitoring for Benzene was carried out at Emo Court (Zone D) and Old Station Road,<br />
Cork (Zone B) in 2010, with long term averages <strong>of</strong> 0.4 ug/m 3 and 1.1 ug/m 3 respectively, below the<br />
limit for protection <strong>of</strong> human health <strong>of</strong> 5µg/m 3.<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 10-8 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Carbon Monoxide (CO)<br />
Monitoring results for the Zone C locations <strong>of</strong> Newbridge and Cellbridge were low, peaking at 5% <strong>of</strong><br />
the maximum 8 hour limit value which is set at 10 mg/m 3 in 2010.<br />
In summary, existing baseline levels <strong>of</strong> N02, PM 10 , PM 2.5 , CO and benzene based on the extensive<br />
long term data from EPA are below ambient air quality limit values in the vicinity <strong>of</strong> the proposed<br />
development.<br />
Table 10.2 shows the limit values defined in the National Air Quality Standards Regulations 2002 (S.I<br />
No. 271 <strong>of</strong> 2002).<br />
Table 10.2: Limit for Protection <strong>of</strong> Human Health<br />
Pollutant Measurement Limit for Protection <strong>of</strong> Human Health<br />
Sulphur Dioxide (SO 2 ) Maximum 24-hour Average 125 µg/m 3<br />
Maximum 1-hour Average 350 µg/m 3<br />
Particulate Matter<br />
Maximum 24-hour Value 50 µg/m 3<br />
(PM 10 ) Annual Average 40 µg/m 3<br />
Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2 ) Maximum 8-hour Value 200 µg/m 3<br />
Mean Hourly Value 40 µg/m 3<br />
Lead Annual Average 0.5 µg/m 3<br />
Carbon Monoxide (CO) Maximum 8-hour Average 10 mg/m 3<br />
Benzene Annual Average 5 µg/m 3<br />
Toluene Mean hourly Average No Limit<br />
The EU has introduced several measures to address the issue <strong>of</strong> air quality management. In 1996 the<br />
European Commission agreed a Framework Directive on ambient air quality monitoring, assessment<br />
and management (Council Directive 96/62/EC). The Air Quality Framework Directive set out the<br />
principles <strong>of</strong> the approach, and set out the limit values for pollutants in four “daughter” directives<br />
under Directive 96/62/EC. The Directive was transposed into Irish law by the <strong>Environmental</strong><br />
Protection Agency Act 1992 (Ambient Air Quality Assessment and Management) Regulations 1999<br />
(S.I No. 33 <strong>of</strong> 1999). The first <strong>of</strong> these “daughter” directives to be enacted, 1999/30/EC, has set limit<br />
values for sulphur dioxide, lead, PM10 and nitrogen dioxide and the second “daughter” Directive<br />
2000/69/EC defines limit values for both carbon monoxide and benzene in ambient air. The National<br />
Air Quality Standards Regulations 2002 (S.I. No. 271 <strong>of</strong> 2002) transpose the first directive<br />
1999/30/EC (Table 10.3) and the second daughter directive 2000/69/EC (Table 10.4) into Irish law.<br />
Table 10.3: EU Directive 1999/30/EC on Ambient Air Quality Limits<br />
Pollutant Regulation Limit Type Margin <strong>of</strong> Tolerance Value<br />
Nitrogen<br />
Dioxide<br />
1999/30/EC<br />
Hourly limit for<br />
protection <strong>of</strong> human<br />
health - not to be<br />
exceeded more than 18<br />
times/year<br />
Annual limit for<br />
protection <strong>of</strong> human<br />
health<br />
Annual limit for<br />
protection <strong>of</strong> vegetation<br />
50% until 2001<br />
reducing linearly to 0%<br />
by 2010<br />
200 µg/m 3 NO2<br />
50% until 2001<br />
40µg/m 3 NO2<br />
reducing linearly to 0%<br />
by 2010<br />
None 30 µg/m 3 NO +<br />
NO2<br />
Lead 1999/30/EC Annual limit for 100% until 2001 0.5 µg/m 3<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 10-9 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Pollutant Regulation Limit Type Margin <strong>of</strong> Tolerance Value<br />
Sulphur<br />
Dioxide<br />
Particulate<br />
Matter<br />
Stage 1<br />
Particulate<br />
Matter<br />
Stage 2<br />
1999/30/EC<br />
1999/30/EC<br />
1999/30/EC<br />
protection <strong>of</strong> human<br />
health<br />
Hourly limit for<br />
protection <strong>of</strong> human<br />
health - not to be<br />
exceeded more than 24<br />
times/year<br />
Daily limit for protection<br />
<strong>of</strong> human health - not to<br />
be exceeded more than<br />
3 times/year<br />
Annual & Winter limit for<br />
the protection <strong>of</strong><br />
ecosystems<br />
24-hour limit for<br />
protection <strong>of</strong> human<br />
health - not to be<br />
exceeded more than 35<br />
times/year<br />
Annual limit for<br />
protection <strong>of</strong> human<br />
health<br />
24-hour limit for<br />
protection <strong>of</strong> human<br />
health - not to be<br />
exceeded more than 7<br />
times/year<br />
Annual limit for<br />
protection <strong>of</strong> human<br />
health<br />
reducing linearly to 0%<br />
by 2005<br />
43% until 2001<br />
reducing linearly until<br />
0% by 2005<br />
350 µg/m 3<br />
None 125µg/m 3<br />
None 20 µg/m 3<br />
50% until 2001<br />
reducing linearly to 0%<br />
by 2005<br />
20% until 2001<br />
reducing linearly to 0%<br />
by 2005<br />
To be derived from data<br />
and to be equivalent to<br />
Stage 1 limit value<br />
50% until 2005<br />
reducing linearly to 0%<br />
by 2010<br />
50 µg/m 3 PM10<br />
40 µg/m 3 PM10<br />
50 µg/m 3 PM10<br />
20 µg/m 3 PM10<br />
Table 10.4: EU Directive 2000/69/EC on Ambient Air Quality Limits<br />
Pollutant Regulation Limit Type<br />
Benzene 2000/69/EC Annual limit for<br />
protection <strong>of</strong><br />
human health<br />
Carbon Monoxide 2000/69/EC 8-hour limit (on a<br />
rolling basis) for<br />
protection <strong>of</strong><br />
human health<br />
Margin <strong>of</strong><br />
Tolerance<br />
100% until 2003<br />
reducing linearly<br />
to 0% by 2010<br />
50% until 2003<br />
reducing linearly<br />
to 0% by 2005<br />
5 µg/m 3<br />
10 µg/m 3<br />
Value<br />
The baseline data on air quality described above compared to the standards in Tables 10.2, 10.3 and<br />
10.4 indicate that the air quality in areas representative <strong>of</strong> Skibbereen during the monitoring periods<br />
was good with most pollutants showing levels below the ambient air quality limits.<br />
Dust<br />
As part <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> for the proposed Skibbereen Drainage Scheme, a<br />
site-specific baseline air quality assessment was carried out during July and August 2012 for dust.<br />
The results (Table 10.5) <strong>of</strong> this survey may provide more specific information on traffic, industry and<br />
heating appliances derived dust in the area.<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 10-10 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Table 10.5: Ambient Air Quality in the Site <strong>of</strong> the Proposed Scheme (07/07/12 – 07/08/12)<br />
Location No.<br />
Dust Deposition<br />
mg/m 2 /day<br />
A1 30.5<br />
A2 13.9<br />
A3 12.1<br />
A4 11.8<br />
A5 4.9<br />
A6 16.4<br />
Total 89.6<br />
Industry Guideline (source EPA)<br />
mg/m 2 /day<br />
350<br />
These results indicate air quality (as dust) in this area is considered good. The results <strong>of</strong> each<br />
location indicate that the area currently experiences good air quality with low levels <strong>of</strong> ambient dust.<br />
All levels are below the EPA Licensed facility guideline <strong>of</strong> 350 mg/m2/day. The highest dust<br />
deposition volume was at A1, which is located in a housing estate near the N71 Schull Road where<br />
increased dust levels are likely as a result <strong>of</strong> traffic from the adjacent N71. The lowest recorded dust<br />
level was at A5 in the Super Valu Car Park <strong>of</strong>f Townsend Street.<br />
All other samples when examined showed varying levels <strong>of</strong> dust mostly derived from traffic, heating<br />
appliances, landscaping, road sweeping and falling foliage.<br />
A study by the UK ODMP gives estimates <strong>of</strong> likely dust deposition levels in specific types <strong>of</strong><br />
environments. In open country a level <strong>of</strong> 39 mg/m 2 /day is typical, rising to 59mg/m 2 /day on the<br />
outskirts <strong>of</strong> town and peaking at 127 mg/m 2 /day for a purely industrial area. As a worst case, a level <strong>of</strong><br />
127 mg/m 2 /day can be estimated as the existing dust deposition level for the current location.<br />
However in comparison to the recorded levels <strong>of</strong> 89.6 mg/m 2 /day above in Table 10.5 this is<br />
considered an overestimation for Skibbereen.<br />
10.4 POTENTIAL AIR QUALITY AND CLIMATE IMPACTS<br />
The proposed River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme works mainly occur in areas <strong>of</strong> retail/<br />
commercial developments, mixed residential areas and recreational areas including playing fields.<br />
The local road network consists <strong>of</strong> streets servicing the urban and residential areas. The level <strong>of</strong><br />
traffic in the area may generate traffic derived pollution e.g. nitrogen oxides, particulate matter and<br />
benzene from vehicle exhausts.<br />
10.4.1 Construction <strong>Impact</strong>s (on Air Quality)<br />
There is the potential for a number <strong>of</strong> emissions to atmosphere during the construction <strong>of</strong> the<br />
development. Construction activities including for example material handling, earth moving and<br />
excavating are likely to generate some dust emissions.<br />
The potential for dust to be emitted depends on the type <strong>of</strong> construction activity being carried out in<br />
conjunction with environmental factors including levels <strong>of</strong> rainfall, wind speed and wind direction. Dust<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 10-11 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
emissions are dramatically reduced where rainfall has occurred due to the cohesion created between<br />
dust particles and water and the removal <strong>of</strong> suspended dust from the air. It is typical to assume no<br />
dust is generated under “wet day” conditions where rainfall greater than 0.2 mm has fallen.<br />
Information collected from Cork Airport Meteorological Station (1962-1991) identified that typically 204<br />
days per annum are “wet”. Thus for greater than 55% <strong>of</strong> the time no significant dust generation will be<br />
likely due to existing meteorological conditions.<br />
The potential impact from dust also depends on the distance to potentially sensitive locations and<br />
whether the wind can carry the dust to these locations. The majority <strong>of</strong> any dust produced will be<br />
deposited close to the potential source and as such any impacts from dust deposition will typically be<br />
close to the source or within 500m <strong>of</strong> it.<br />
Furthermore it is considered that construction activities likely to generate dust will mainly be confined<br />
to particles <strong>of</strong> dust greater than 10 microns which are considered a nuisance but do not have potential<br />
to cause harm or significant health impacts. It is also considered that the construction <strong>of</strong> the<br />
development will occur in distinct phases. As such, the potential for dust nuisance and significant<br />
levels <strong>of</strong> PM 10 and PM 2.5 will vary temporarily and spatially as the construction develops.<br />
The construction vehicles, generators etc., will also give rise to petrol and diesel exhaust emissions,<br />
although this is <strong>of</strong> minor significance. Worst case truck movements during the peak construction<br />
period are anticipated to be 5 inward and 5 outward/hour. Construction traffic <strong>of</strong> this level will lead to<br />
dust emissions <strong>of</strong> the order <strong>of</strong> 3 g/m 3 each hour along the haul routes based on no mitigation being<br />
implemented, however with mitigation (see Section 10.6 below) this figure will reduce to<br />
approximately 2 g/m 3 per hour. Thus it is unlikely that the emissions <strong>of</strong> this magnitude will lead to dust<br />
deposition levels at the site boundary which exceed the TA Luft limit value for dust nuisance <strong>of</strong> 350<br />
mg/m 2 per day.<br />
The effect <strong>of</strong> construction activities on air quality, in particular construction dust, will not be significant<br />
at the proposed development site following the implementation <strong>of</strong> the proposed mitigation measures<br />
outlined in this chapter. It is proposed to adhere to good working practices and dust mitigation<br />
measures to ensure that the levels <strong>of</strong> dust generated will be minimal and are unlikely to cause an<br />
environmental nuisance.<br />
10.4.1.1 Construction <strong>Impact</strong>s (on Climate)<br />
<strong>Impact</strong>s to climate during the construction phase include emissions from transport <strong>of</strong> materials to the site,<br />
embodied CO 2 in construction materials (such as cement, steel, etc.), emissions from plant machinery and<br />
other ancillary areas such as contractor compounds, waste management, etc. These emissions cannot be<br />
quantified pre-planning, as details <strong>of</strong> material use are not available, however in terms <strong>of</strong> national emissions<br />
are unlikely to be significant<br />
10.4.2 Operational <strong>Impact</strong>s (on Air Quality)<br />
10.4.2.1 Scheduled Emissions<br />
Regarding operations at the proposed drainage scheme, the activities to be located in the scheme<br />
area are planned for flood containment only. As a result, there are no scheduled emissions (i.e.<br />
through stacks, vents, etc.) planned for the development and site activities are most likely not to<br />
cause any deterioration in local air quality.<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 10-12 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
10.4.2.2 Traffic<br />
There are relatively high volumes <strong>of</strong> traffic on the adjoining roads currently in the area <strong>of</strong> the proposed<br />
works. Any alterations to the existing traffic scenario, i.e. traffic volumes and/or a significant drop in<br />
vehicle speed (to gridlock speeds) may cause a variation in the pollutant concentrations. There are no<br />
plans to reroute the existing traffic system once the drainage scheme is completed, thus levels <strong>of</strong><br />
traffic-borne pollution should remain unchanged with no increase once the scheme is operational.<br />
10.4.2.3 Operational <strong>Impact</strong>s (on Climate)<br />
Unless maintenance is required (due to damage to the floodwalls), no further works will be necessary<br />
once the project is completed. Routine checks from local authority engineers will be carried out on a<br />
routine basis, however it is envisaged that there will be no other significant sources <strong>of</strong> nitrogen oxides,<br />
sulphur dioxide or vehicle particulates. Likewise there will not be any ozone depleting substances<br />
used or emitted during the operational phase <strong>of</strong> the project.<br />
10.5 DO-NOTHING IMPACT<br />
The baseline survey results show that air quality in the vicinity <strong>of</strong> the proposed drainage works is<br />
reasonable and shows typical levels for rural areas and can be categorised as Zone D in relation to<br />
the EU Air Framework Directive and EPA Air Quality Zones, with all pollutants within the relevant EU<br />
limits at all locations.<br />
The air quality may improve slightly in future years due to improvements in engine technology and<br />
greater controls on petrol, diesel, coal and gas composition and purity, also with the potential<br />
introduction <strong>of</strong> carbon taxation.<br />
If the proposed drainage scheme were not to take place, the current air pollutant concentrations will<br />
remain unchanged followed by potential decreases in future years for the reasons outlined above.<br />
10.6 MITIGATION MEASURES<br />
Mitigation measures efforts will be made to ensure that emissions from the proposed development will<br />
be minimised where possible, and comply with good environmental practice. The following mitigation<br />
measures will be implemented.<br />
10.6.1 Construction Stage<br />
In order to ensure that no dust nuisance occurs, a Dust Minimisation Plan will be formulated for the<br />
construction phase <strong>of</strong> the project. The plan must include the following measures:<br />
Site roads shall be regularly cleaned and maintained as appropriate. Hard surface roads shall be<br />
swept to remove mud and aggregate materials from their surface.<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 10-13 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Any un-surfaced roads shall be restricted to essential site traffic only. Furthermore, any road that has<br />
the potential to give rise to fugitive dust must be regularly watered, as appropriate, during dry and/or<br />
windy conditions.<br />
Vehicles using site roads shall have their speed restricted, and this speed restriction must be<br />
enforced rigidly. On any un-surfaced site roads and on hard surfaced roads site management<br />
dictates that speed shall be restricted to 20 km per hour.<br />
All vehicles exiting the site shall make use <strong>of</strong> a wheel wash facility, preferably automatic, prior to<br />
entering onto public roads, to ensure mud and other wastes are not tracked onto public roads. Public<br />
roads outside the site shall be regularly inspected for cleanliness, and cleaned as necessary.<br />
Material handling systems and site stockpiling <strong>of</strong> materials shall be designed and laid out to minimise<br />
exposure to wind. Water misting or sprays shall be used as required if particularly dusty activities are<br />
necessary during dry or windy periods.<br />
10.6.2 Operational Stage<br />
Heating Appliances<br />
No space heating or energy requirements will be associated with the proposed drainage scheme post<br />
construction.<br />
Road Traffic<br />
Once the construction stage <strong>of</strong> the drainage scheme is completed, the only potential traffic associated<br />
with the scheme will comprise <strong>of</strong> site inspections during the design life <strong>of</strong> the works.<br />
Continued free-flow <strong>of</strong> the traffic in the vicinity <strong>of</strong> the proposed drainage scheme will not be affected<br />
by the scheme. This will not have any impact on traffic flow in the area or traffic related pollutants.<br />
10.7 RESIDUAL IMPACT<br />
10.7.1 Construction Stage<br />
If a satisfactory dust minimisation plan is implemented, the effect <strong>of</strong> construction on air quality will not<br />
be significant. The main environmental nuisance associated with construction activities is dust.<br />
However, if the construction contractor adheres to good working practices and dust mitigation<br />
measures outlined in Section 10.6.1, the levels <strong>of</strong> dust generated will be minimal and are unlikely to<br />
cause an environmental nuisance.<br />
If in the event that dust from the construction <strong>of</strong> the project is creating an environmental nuisance, an<br />
ambient dust deposition survey is recommended. This survey should be carried out by competent<br />
persons using EPA approved Bergerh<strong>of</strong>f gauges. Typically these surveys require gauges on the site<br />
close to the source at the nearest sensitive receptors.<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 10-14 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
The TA Luft (German Government “Technical Instructions on Air Quality”) states a guideline <strong>of</strong> 350<br />
mg/m 2 /day for the deposition <strong>of</strong> non-hazardous dusts. This value should be used to determine the<br />
impact <strong>of</strong> residual dust as an environmental nuisance.<br />
Given the timescale, the plant and machinery involved and strict as well as the adherence to the<br />
mitigation measures outlined in Section 10.6 it is anticipated that the process will not have an<br />
adverse impact on the local climate, therefore resulting in no residual impacts on climate.<br />
10.7.2 Operation Stage<br />
Given the nature <strong>of</strong> the proposed development, it is anticipated that the completed drainage project<br />
will not have an adverse residual impact on the local air quality or climate.<br />
Traffic entering and leaving the works will be relatively free flowing and should not result in any<br />
significant build up in traffic-derived pollution in the area. The relatively low traffic volumes associated<br />
with the proposed development, once operational, is not predicted to cause any significant negative<br />
impact on air quality in the area.<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 10-15 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
11 NOISE AND VIBRATION<br />
11.1 INTRODUCTION<br />
This Chapter <strong>of</strong> the EIS provides an assessment <strong>of</strong> the potential noise and vibration impacts<br />
associated with the proposed River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage scheme. The proposed drainage<br />
scheme is described in detail in Chapter 2 Project Description <strong>of</strong> the EIS.<br />
This assessment has been prepared by RPS Group in accordance with the recommendations <strong>of</strong> the<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> Protection Agency’s (EPA) Guidelines on the Information to be Contained in<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong>s (EPA, 2002) and Advice Notes on Current Practice (in the<br />
preparation <strong>of</strong> <strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong>s) (EPA, 2003).<br />
The various phases <strong>of</strong> the proposed scheme have been assessed although it is considered that the<br />
construction phase will have greatest potential for impact. There will be no significant noise &<br />
vibration impact resulting from the operation <strong>of</strong> the proposed Drainage Scheme.<br />
Following a review <strong>of</strong> the preliminary design <strong>of</strong> the proposed drainage scheme a noise and vibration<br />
impact assessment was undertaken. In order to present a worst-case scenario a number <strong>of</strong> sensitive<br />
receptors in close proximity to the construction working area were identified and noise levels<br />
associated with the construction <strong>of</strong> the flood defences were predicted at these locations,<br />
representative <strong>of</strong> the noise levels associated with the construction phase.<br />
A baseline noise-monitoring programme was undertaken in July 2012 at representative noise<br />
sensitive receptors located in close proximity to the proposed flood defences. This baseline data was<br />
used to compare existing baseline noise levels in the area with predicted noise levels from<br />
construction works associated with the drainage scheme. The predicted noise levels have been<br />
assessed against the baseline noise data in addition to commonly adopted national and international<br />
guideline limits.<br />
Although the construction phase <strong>of</strong> the proposed Drainage Scheme has the greatest potential for<br />
impact it must be recognised that these works will be temporary in duration. It is anticipated that<br />
construction works will take approximately 24 months to complete. However, construction works will<br />
not be on-going in any one area for the duration <strong>of</strong> the construction phase. Given the fact that the<br />
drainage scheme primarily comprises <strong>of</strong> constructing flood defences on the Assolas Stream, River<br />
Ilen and the Caol Stream, construction works will progress along the scheme which will in effect be a<br />
linear development. Therefore construction works associated with the proposed drainage scheme will<br />
be temporary and transient in nature.<br />
It is noted that there are noise sensitive receptors located adjacent to the proposed works and as<br />
such noise sensitive receptors will abut the construction working area along sections <strong>of</strong> the flood<br />
alleviation works. It will be necessary therefore to maintain strict adherence to mitigation measures<br />
and best practice presented herein to ensure that potential negative noise and vibration impact is kept<br />
to a minimum.<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 11-1 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
11.2 ASSESSMENT METHODOLGOY<br />
In the absence <strong>of</strong> any national legislation relating to environmental/construction noise emission limits<br />
the assessment criteria used in this report are those used commonly adopted by regulatory and local<br />
authorities. The predicted change in the existing noise environment is also considered.<br />
The noise and vibration impact assessment was carried out with cognisance to the methodologies<br />
and guidelines listed below:-<br />
• Review <strong>of</strong> the location <strong>of</strong> the proposed drainage scheme defences and associated construction<br />
works, with respect to the location <strong>of</strong> sensitive receptors.<br />
• Baseline noise monitoring was undertaken at a number <strong>of</strong> representative noise sensitive<br />
receptors in the vicinity <strong>of</strong> the proposed working area, in accordance with the National Road<br />
Authority, (NRA) “Guidelines for the Treatment <strong>of</strong> Noise and Vibration during the construction <strong>of</strong><br />
National Road Schemes 2004.<br />
• Plant and machinery noise levels were referenced from BS 5228 “Noise and Vibration Control<br />
on Construction and Open Sites, Part 1, Annex B” and the UK Department for Environment,<br />
Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), “Update <strong>of</strong> Noise Database for Prediction <strong>of</strong> Noise on<br />
Construction and Open Sites, 2005”.<br />
• Assessment <strong>of</strong> noise emissions from the proposed works. Noise predictions were undertaken<br />
in accordance with BS5228 “Noise and Vibration Control on Construction and Open Sites”, to<br />
predict noise levels at nearby houses. The construction noise impact was assessed based on<br />
the assessment methodology specified in BS 5228, and guideline noise levels outlined in the<br />
following:<br />
• <strong>Environmental</strong> Protection Agency (EPA) “Guidance note for noise in relation to<br />
scheduled activities, 2nd edition 2006”.<br />
• World Health Organisation (WHO) “Guidelines for Community Noise 1999”.<br />
• BS 7385 Part 2: “Evaluation and measurement <strong>of</strong> vibration in buildings - Guide to<br />
damage levels from ground-borne vibrations”; and BS 6472: 2008 “Guide to evaluation <strong>of</strong><br />
human exposure to vibration in buildings”.<br />
• BS 7445-1:2003 (BS 7445-1:1991; ISO 1996) “Description and Measurement <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> Noise”.<br />
11.2.1 Construction Noise Assessment Criteria<br />
The greatest potential for noise impact will come from the construction phase. In setting criteria for<br />
construction noise, account has to be taken <strong>of</strong> the technical feasibility <strong>of</strong> the proposed criterion, and<br />
also the trade-<strong>of</strong>f between the noise level, and the duration <strong>of</strong> the noise exposure.<br />
BS 5228 states that complaints about noise that have originated from new industrial sources indicate<br />
that the likelihood <strong>of</strong> a complaint increases as the difference between the industrial noise and existing<br />
background noise increases. It is possible that a similar effect occurs with the noise originating from<br />
construction and open sites since the noise will, in general be more noticeable in quieter areas.<br />
However the standard acknowledges that the relationship between response and noise level can be<br />
different, in particular a greater difference may be tolerated when it is known that the operations are <strong>of</strong><br />
short duration.<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 11-2 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
The National Roads Authority outlined construction noise limits in its “Guidelines for the Treatment <strong>of</strong><br />
Noise and Vibration in National Roads Schemes, 2004”. These limits, which are presented in Table<br />
11.1, represent a reasonable compromise between the practical limitations in a construction project,<br />
and the need to ensure an acceptable ambient noise level for residents.<br />
It is considered appropriate to apply the NRA guideline values, in the absence <strong>of</strong> other construction<br />
noise impact assessment guidelines in Ireland. Therefore, these guidelines were used given that<br />
there are no statutory Noise Regulations with regard to control <strong>of</strong> noise during construction activities<br />
in Ireland. The general construction works associated with the proposed drainage scheme are similar<br />
to earthworks and drainage works associated with road construction activities. Given that the<br />
proposed drainage scheme is essentially a linear development it is considered appropriate to apply<br />
the NRA guideline values.<br />
Table 11.1: Maximum Permissible Noise Levels at the Façade <strong>of</strong> Dwellings during<br />
Construction1 (NRA Guidelines, October 2004)<br />
Days & Times LAeq (1hr) dB LAMax dB<br />
Monday to Friday - 07.00 to 19.00 70 80*<br />
Monday to Friday - 19.00 to 22.00 60* 65*<br />
Saturday - 08.00 to 16.30 65 75<br />
Sundays and Bank Holidays - 08.00 to 16.30 60* 65*<br />
* Construction activity at these times, other than that required in respect <strong>of</strong> emergency works, will normally<br />
require the explicit permission <strong>of</strong> the relevant authority.<br />
Indicative only – it may be appropriate to apply more stringent limits in areas where pre-existing noise levels are<br />
low.<br />
The EPA guideline daytime noise limit for industrial noise is 55 dB(A), at the nearest noise sensitive<br />
location(s). The World Health Organisation guideline for outdoor areas is in the range 50 to 55 dB(A).<br />
The EPA guideline noise limit for industrial noise during the night-time (22:00 – 08:00) is 45 dB(A), at<br />
the nearest noise sensitive location(s). Any noise limit that may be applied during the night-time will<br />
be in accordance with the EPA Guidelines.<br />
Subjectively, the significance that can be attached to changes in noise levels (perceptible to human<br />
beings) can be described as follows in Table 11.2.<br />
Table 11.2: Significance Scale for Changes in Noise Levels (Perceptible to Human Beings)<br />
Change in Noise<br />
EPA Glossary <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>Impact</strong> Rating<br />
Level<br />
<strong>Impact</strong>s<br />
Subjective Reaction<br />
0 No change n/a n/a<br />
15 dB(A) Severe Pr<strong>of</strong>ound Significant<br />
<strong>Impact</strong>: Negative only<br />
---<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 11-3 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
It should be noted that the subjective description outlined in Table 11.2 applies to relatively<br />
continuous traffic noise. However, it can be used as likely indicative responses to changes in ambient<br />
noise levels.<br />
It is considered unlikely that there will be any construction works associated with the proposed<br />
drainage scheme undertaken during the night-time. However, in the event that any noise sources<br />
associated with the construction phase need to operate during the night-time (e.g. any water pumps),<br />
the EPA guidelines on noise “Guidance note for noise in relation to scheduled activities” night-time<br />
criteria <strong>of</strong> 45dB(A) at noise sensitive receptors will apply in order to prevent sleep disturbance.<br />
Appropriate mitigation measures including suitable attenuation <strong>of</strong> any equipment in operation, will be<br />
employed in order to ensure this.<br />
11.2.2 Operational Noise Assessment Criteria<br />
Although operational noise limits are discussed there will be negligible noise during the operational<br />
phase <strong>of</strong> the drainage scheme. Occasional maintenance/inspection works would be the most likely<br />
noise generating activities associated with the operational phase.<br />
The noise impact <strong>of</strong> the proposed drainage scheme is assessed taking account <strong>of</strong> absolute noise<br />
criteria contained in the national <strong>Environmental</strong> Protection Agency (EPA) guidelines on noise<br />
“Guidance note for noise in relation to scheduled activities”, and World Health Organisation<br />
Guidelines “Guidelines for Community Noise 1999”.<br />
11.2.3 Vibration Assessment Criteria<br />
Best practice guidance documents for vibration were used for the assessment with regard to vibration<br />
that would be likely to lead to complaints, and vibration levels that would be likely to lead to structural<br />
damage (BS6472: 1992 Guide to Evaluation <strong>of</strong> human exposure to vibration in buildings (1Hz to<br />
80Hz), and BS7385: Part 2 1990: Evaluation and measurement for vibration in buildings - Guide to<br />
damage levels from ground-borne vibration). Common practice in Ireland has been to use guidance<br />
from these internationally recognised standards, which address vibration standards in two varieties,<br />
those dealing with human comfort and those dealing with cosmetic or structural damage to buildings.<br />
11.2.3.1 Construction Vibration Criteria<br />
Measurements <strong>of</strong> vibration from construction sites have shown that, even from piling works, levels<br />
typically become imperceptible at relatively short distances from the vibration source.<br />
However, higher levels <strong>of</strong> vibration are typically tolerated for single events or events <strong>of</strong> short duration.<br />
For example piling, one <strong>of</strong> the primary sources <strong>of</strong> vibration during construction works where<br />
competent rock is encountered, is typically tolerated at vibration levels up to 2.5 mm/s. Blasting is not<br />
proposed during construction works associated with the proposed drainage scheme.<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 11-4 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
The National Roads Authority guidelines identify 2.5 mm/s as the vibration level that may be<br />
considered tolerable due to piling works. The potential vibration levels that could be generated by<br />
rock breaking works, if required would be expected to be comparable to the level <strong>of</strong> vibration that may<br />
be generated by piling works. The vibration level <strong>of</strong> 2.5 mm/s is substantially below the guideline<br />
values for protection <strong>of</strong> properties against cosmetic damage. The NRA limits for protection against<br />
cosmetic damage are given as a function <strong>of</strong> vibration frequency, and are:-<br />
• 8 mm/s (vibration frequency 50 Hz).<br />
The NRA 2.5mm/s limit is for piling, which is a continuous activity. This limit provides for protection<br />
against the vibration nuisance, and is comfortably within the limits for cosmetic damage. It is<br />
considered that the potential impact is therefore likely to be minor.<br />
11.2.3.2 Operational Vibration Criteria<br />
In the case <strong>of</strong> nominally continuous sources <strong>of</strong> vibration, such as traffic, vibration is perceptible at<br />
around 0.5 mm/s and may become disturbing or annoying at higher magnitudes. However the<br />
operational phase <strong>of</strong> the proposed drainage scheme will not generate perceptible vibrations.<br />
11.3 RECEIVING ENVIRONMENT<br />
11.3.1 <strong>Environmental</strong> Noise Survey Results<br />
Prior to visiting the study area a desk based review <strong>of</strong> the Ordnance Survey Ireland Discovery Series<br />
mapping and the Ordnance Survey Ireland, 1:2,500 Vector mapping <strong>of</strong> the area was undertaken. A<br />
number <strong>of</strong> representative noise sensitive receptors were identified from the mapping. A noise<br />
sensitive location is defined by the EPA, “<strong>Environmental</strong> Noise Survey Guidance <strong>Document</strong>, 2003” as<br />
“any dwelling house, hotel or hostel, health building, educational establishment, place <strong>of</strong> worship or<br />
entertainment, or any other facility or other area <strong>of</strong> high amenity which for its proper enjoyment<br />
requires the absence <strong>of</strong> noise at nuisance levels”. A baseline-monitoring programme was then<br />
planned.<br />
Designated conservation sites are also sensitive noise receptors. The location <strong>of</strong> such sites is<br />
discussed separately in Chapter 8 Terrestrial Flora and Fauna section <strong>of</strong> the EIS. The potential<br />
impacts on fauna resulting from increased noise levels are discussed in the Chapter 8 Flora and<br />
Fauna <strong>of</strong> the EIS. It is commonly accepted that the immediate area where construction works are<br />
undertaken will be avoided by animals during the construction phase and behaviour will return to<br />
normal when works are complete.<br />
RPS undertook a baseline environmental noise survey and calculations <strong>of</strong> the potential noise impact<br />
associated with the construction phase <strong>of</strong> the proposed drainage scheme. A daytime noise survey<br />
was carried out at six noise sensitive locations in the vicinity <strong>of</strong> the location <strong>of</strong> the proposed drainage<br />
scheme on 7 th <strong>of</strong> July 2012. The location <strong>of</strong> the noise monitoring points is illustrated on Figure 11.1.<br />
Noise measurements were carried out over 15-minute intervals and at the end <strong>of</strong> each 15-minute<br />
interval the existing ambient noise levels (LAeq) and the noise statistics for the monitoring period<br />
were automatically stored to instrument memory. The details <strong>of</strong> the noise surveys are outlined herein.<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 11-5 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
The noise monitoring was carried out using a Bruel&Kjaer Model 2250, Type 1 Integrating Digital<br />
Sound Level Meter (SLM), capable <strong>of</strong> measuring within +/- 0.3dB(A) in Leq and sound pressure levels<br />
(SPL) in ‘A’ scale. The instrument records the LAeq, LA10, LA90, LAMax and LAMin percentiles<br />
simultaneously – see Appendix 11.1 Noise Terminology. The instrument was calibrated in<br />
accordance with ISO 1996 “Description and measurement <strong>of</strong> environmental noise” prior to<br />
commencing the surveys using the recommended standard calibration procedure and a known pure<br />
tone noise source. The unit was again calibrated on completion <strong>of</strong> the surveys to record drift during<br />
the course <strong>of</strong> the day. The unit had not drifted during the surveys. Drift is normally associated with<br />
battery fade and/or temperature.<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 11-6 Rev. F01
Riverdate<br />
Estate<br />
2.3<br />
11.6<br />
CF<br />
CF<br />
15.8<br />
9.1<br />
2.2 2.4<br />
Assumption Place<br />
Coronea Court<br />
5.6<br />
BLACKTHORN DRIVE<br />
12.9<br />
18.5<br />
UND<br />
14.7<br />
LS<br />
2.8<br />
Care Centre<br />
LS<br />
UPPER<br />
11.9<br />
The Moorings<br />
2.1<br />
BRIDGE<br />
STREET<br />
10kv<br />
The Flax Mills<br />
(1-18)<br />
11.8<br />
2.6<br />
2.5<br />
The Moorings<br />
10.7<br />
15<br />
CF<br />
2.4<br />
2.5<br />
UND UND<br />
2.3<br />
2<br />
RIVER ILEN<br />
9.6<br />
Sports Ground<br />
10kv<br />
2.4<br />
7.6<br />
2.2<br />
2.4<br />
10kv<br />
BM 2.83<br />
2.5<br />
2.5<br />
John F<br />
Kennedy<br />
Bridge<br />
Hotel<br />
Church<br />
(C <strong>of</strong> I)<br />
2.5<br />
Mardyke Court<br />
(1-6)<br />
8.0<br />
STREET<br />
3.3<br />
Fire Station<br />
2.5<br />
2.9<br />
3.5<br />
3.5<br />
BM 3.29<br />
5.5<br />
UND<br />
Mart<br />
CS<br />
BRIDGE<br />
10kv<br />
UND<br />
CS<br />
CS<br />
STREET<br />
BM 4.47<br />
Sports Grounds<br />
3.4<br />
T<br />
CF<br />
3.0<br />
MAIN<br />
10kv<br />
NCT<br />
Centre<br />
2.5<br />
2.2<br />
STREET<br />
CF<br />
2.2<br />
2.8<br />
Treatment<br />
Plant<br />
CS<br />
2.6<br />
THE<br />
SQUARE<br />
Town Hall<br />
T<br />
STREET<br />
2.6<br />
2.6<br />
2.5<br />
CS<br />
Sports Ground<br />
2.7<br />
CR<br />
Sports Ground<br />
Club House<br />
T<br />
Cathedral<br />
UND UND<br />
1.9<br />
The Rock<br />
Tank<br />
CS<br />
MILL MILL<br />
ROAD ROAD<br />
1.7<br />
School<br />
2.8<br />
SKIBBEREEN<br />
10kv<br />
2.1<br />
Show Grounds<br />
School<br />
CS<br />
Sports Centre<br />
3.2<br />
Burial<br />
Ground<br />
School<br />
T<br />
3.5<br />
School<br />
30<br />
Souterrain<br />
(Site <strong>of</strong>)<br />
CR<br />
Hillcrest<br />
School<br />
T<br />
4.4<br />
3.8<br />
UND<br />
4.3<br />
Gaelscoil<br />
(site <strong>of</strong>)<br />
CS<br />
UND<br />
FF<br />
UND<br />
4.7<br />
4.8<br />
45.3<br />
10kv<br />
T<br />
CS<br />
FF<br />
7.5<br />
5.8<br />
49.3<br />
10kv<br />
CR<br />
10<br />
FF<br />
1<br />
6.2<br />
Tanks<br />
UND<br />
50.4<br />
Town Co Bdy<br />
Town Town Town Co Co Co Bdy Bdy Bdy<br />
10KV<br />
UND<br />
UND<br />
Town Co Bdy<br />
ROAD ROAD<br />
Glencurragh<br />
RIVER<br />
N 4<br />
CORK CORK<br />
Town Town Co Bdy<br />
Area under development<br />
ILEN<br />
HWM<br />
N 1<br />
STREET STREET<br />
NORTH<br />
14 11<br />
N 3<br />
STREET<br />
ILEN STREET<br />
N 2<br />
RIVER<br />
ILEN<br />
NORTH<br />
Ardcarrig<br />
2<br />
11 12<br />
BRIDGE STREET<br />
10<br />
1<br />
2<br />
Pound Hill<br />
ROSSA<br />
ROAD<br />
ROSSA ROAD<br />
Gortnaclohy Drive<br />
MARKET MARKET<br />
TOWNSHEND TOWNSHEND<br />
STREET<br />
STREET STREET<br />
Caol Stream<br />
N 5<br />
STREET<br />
MARDYKE MARDYKE<br />
37<br />
38<br />
Hawthorns<br />
43<br />
Mardyke Park<br />
27 28<br />
UND<br />
2<br />
8<br />
9<br />
1<br />
23<br />
24 26<br />
Area under<br />
construction<br />
61<br />
31<br />
32<br />
The Mills<br />
19<br />
FW<br />
46<br />
45<br />
Coronea<br />
10kv<br />
Drive<br />
UND<br />
UND<br />
Castle<br />
Town Co Bdy<br />
Legend<br />
UND<br />
Noise Monitoring Location<br />
19<br />
14<br />
8<br />
9<br />
6<br />
Abhainn Beag<br />
1<br />
10kv<br />
School<br />
N 6<br />
10kv<br />
UND<br />
Area under construction<br />
5<br />
CARRIGFADDA<br />
Town Co Bdy<br />
10kv<br />
Innishmore,<br />
Ballincollig,<br />
Co Cork,<br />
Ireland<br />
T +353 21 4665900<br />
F +353 21 4873742<br />
E ireland@rpsgroup.com<br />
W rpsgroup.com/ireland<br />
Project<br />
River Ilen (Skibbereen)<br />
Drainage Scheme<br />
<br />
Issue Details<br />
Drawn by: T Hurley<br />
Checked by: A Fitzgerald<br />
Approved by: B Brice<br />
Project No.<br />
File Ref.<br />
MCE0703<br />
MCE0703Mi0013F01<br />
Scale:<br />
N.T.S.<br />
Drawing No.<br />
Rev.<br />
Client<br />
Cork<br />
County<br />
Council<br />
Title<br />
Figure<br />
Noise Monitoring Locations<br />
11.1<br />
0 50 100<br />
Kilometers<br />
Date:<br />
Notes<br />
April 2013<br />
Mi0013<br />
F01<br />
1. This drawing is the property <strong>of</strong> RPS Group Ltd. It is a<br />
confidential document and must not be copied, used,<br />
or its contents divulged without prior written consent.<br />
2. All levels are referred to Ordnance Datum, Malin Head.<br />
3. Ordnance Survey Ireland Licence EN 0005013<br />
©Copyright Government <strong>of</strong> Ireland.
Skibbereen (River Ilen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
The weather conditions during the noise monitoring surveys were dry but cold, with very calm<br />
conditions. A slight breeze in a south-westerly direction was noted on occasion during the noise<br />
surveys on each day.<br />
All measurements were taken in accordance with ISO 1996, under suitable weather conditions. The<br />
sound level meter (microphone) was set-up in free-field conditions (i.e. away from any reflecting<br />
surfaces), and the meter was positioned 1.5 m above ground level. The noise monitoring locations for<br />
the baseline noise survey are described as follows.<br />
Table 11.3: Baseline Noise Sensitive Receptor Locations<br />
Location<br />
Reference<br />
N1<br />
N2<br />
N3<br />
N4<br />
N5<br />
N6<br />
Description<br />
Housing Estate on right hand side <strong>of</strong> the Schull Road (N71)<br />
West Cork Hotel Car Park on Ilen Street (behind hotel)<br />
Behind Civil Defence Building on North Street (on bank <strong>of</strong> the River)<br />
Old School/House next to the play ground at the end <strong>of</strong> Mill Road<br />
Next to Apartment Block, behind Roycr<strong>of</strong>t Bicycle Shop in Super Valu Car Park <strong>of</strong>f<br />
Townsend Street<br />
School on Castletownsend Road<br />
11.3.2 Noise Survey Results<br />
A summary <strong>of</strong> the results <strong>of</strong> the baseline noise surveys carried out at the representative noise<br />
sensitive receptors in the environs <strong>of</strong> the proposed drainage scheme, are presented in Table 11.4.<br />
RPS/MCE0590RP0004 11-8 Rev. F01
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme <strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Table 11.4: Measured Baseline Noise Levels (Sheet 1 <strong>of</strong> 2)<br />
Mon.<br />
Location<br />
N1<br />
Meas.<br />
Time<br />
11.59<br />
-<br />
12.14<br />
14:24<br />
-<br />
14:39<br />
16.51<br />
-<br />
17.04<br />
Measured Measured Noise Level dB(A)<br />
Comments<br />
Wind<br />
speed L Aeq L A10 L A90 L AMax L AMin<br />
(ms -1 )<br />
0.3 63.2 67.8 45.6 77.7 35.6 Dominant source was fast moving traffic on the adjoining Schull Road N71. Noise<br />
from birds in the area was noted at times. The maximum level <strong>of</strong> noise was recorded<br />
from a lorry passing.<br />
0.2 63.0 67.8 43.6 76.7 36.8 Dominant source was fast moving traffic on the adjoining Schull Road N71. Noise<br />
from birds in the area was noted at times. The maximum level <strong>of</strong> noise was recorded<br />
from a van and lorry passing.<br />
0.3 61.0 75.0 43.2 75.0 34.5 Dominant source was fast moving traffic on the adjoining Schull Road N71. The<br />
maximum level <strong>of</strong> noise was recorded from a lorry passing.<br />
Average Noise level (log<br />
scale)<br />
67.3<br />
N2<br />
11:33<br />
-<br />
11.48<br />
14.04<br />
-<br />
14.19<br />
16.24<br />
-<br />
16.39<br />
0.2 44.4 49.0 40.0 71.5 36.9 Dominant source was cars in the car park.<br />
0.4 47.6 49.0 40.0 71.5 36.9 Dominant source was cars and people in the car-park. Noise from birds in the area<br />
was noted at times<br />
0.3 44.3 45.2 39.8 65.4 37.1 Dominant source was cars in the car park and traffic on adjoining road. Some distant<br />
bird song was also audible. People causing disturbance within the car park on one<br />
occasion.<br />
Average Noise level (log<br />
scale)<br />
51.0<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 11-9 Rev. F01
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme <strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Mon.<br />
Location<br />
N3<br />
Meas.<br />
Time<br />
11:00<br />
-<br />
11:15<br />
13.41<br />
-<br />
13.56<br />
16.01<br />
-<br />
16.16<br />
Average Noise level (log<br />
scale)<br />
Mon.<br />
Location<br />
Meas.<br />
Time<br />
Measured Measured Noise Level dB(A)<br />
Comments<br />
Wind<br />
speed L Aeq L A10 L A90 L AMax L AMin<br />
(ms -1 )<br />
0.9 49.4 51.6 44.0 70.9 40.7 Dominant source was traffic noise on North Street. Occasional noise noted from<br />
birds and breeze in the trees but not significant due to the level <strong>of</strong> road traffic noise.<br />
1.1 47.9 50.6 42.6 60.8 37.7 Dominant source was traffic noise on North Street as per previous survey. Noise<br />
from people passing by was also recorded on one occasion.<br />
0.8 47.1 49.6 42.4 66.4 38.0 Dominant source was traffic noise on North Street as per previous survey. Noise<br />
from ducks quacking repeatedly for a period <strong>of</strong> 8 minutes nearby.<br />
Measure<br />
Wind<br />
53.0<br />
Measured Noise Level dB(A)<br />
L Aeq L A10 L A90 L AMax L AMi<br />
n<br />
Comments<br />
N4<br />
12.23<br />
-<br />
12:38<br />
16:10<br />
-<br />
16:25<br />
17.13<br />
-<br />
17.28<br />
Average Noise level (log<br />
scale)<br />
(ms-1)<br />
0.3 53.4 56.0 48.0 64.9 42.9 Dominant source was distant traffic adjacent to the playground. Noise from birds was<br />
also noted.<br />
1.2 52.8 55.8 46.2 64.6 41.9 Dominant source was distant traffic. Noise from people on nearby road was also<br />
recorded.<br />
0.6 52.4 55.0 47.4 68.4 41.2 Dominant source was distant traffic adjacent to the playground. Noise from birds was<br />
also noted.<br />
58.0<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 11-10 Rev. F01
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme <strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Mon.<br />
Location<br />
N5<br />
Meas.<br />
Time<br />
12.50<br />
-<br />
13.05<br />
15.09<br />
-<br />
15.24<br />
17.33<br />
-<br />
17.48<br />
Average Noise level (log<br />
scale)<br />
N613.<br />
15-<br />
13.30<br />
N6 15.33<br />
-<br />
15:48<br />
17.55<br />
-<br />
18.10<br />
Average Noise level (log<br />
scale)<br />
Measured Measured Noise Level dB(A)<br />
Comments<br />
Wind<br />
speed L Aeq L A10 L A90 L AMax L AMin<br />
(ms -1 )<br />
1.2 51.2 52.4 42.4 72.1 38.9 Dominant source was traffic noise on Townsend Street. On one occasion noise from<br />
a barking dog and bicycle bell ringing was noted. Noise from a door slamming that<br />
was parked near the monitoring position was a significant noise source briefly<br />
towards the end <strong>of</strong> the measurement.<br />
0.2 47.2 49.4 40.2 68.6 37.8 Dominant noise source was traffic noise on Townsend Street, similar to previous<br />
measurement. Noise from a car horn beeping was noted briefly.<br />
0.6 52.4 52.0 39.0 80.0 36.0 Dominant noise source was traffic noise Townsend Street, similar to previous<br />
measurement. Noise from a car horn and a car moving near the monitoring position<br />
was also recorded.<br />
56.0<br />
0.4 56.0 60.2 39.0 72.6 32.1 Dominant noise source was from cars passing on Castletownsend Road. Occasional<br />
noise from children in the camp across the road was also observed. Maximum noise<br />
recorded was due to a lorry passing on the adjoining Castletownsend Road.<br />
0.2 55.3 59.4 39.4 72.1 34.0 Dominant noise source was traffic noise on Castletownsend Road<br />
0.3 53.9 58.4 36.4 70.0 32.0 Dominant source was traffic noise on Castletownsend Road. Eight people playing<br />
football less than 30m away also influenced the noise recordings. Some intermittent<br />
noise from birds was also noted.<br />
60.0<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 11-11 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
11.3.2.1 Discussion <strong>of</strong> Results<br />
The existing ambient noise environment was notably influenced by proximity to the main noise<br />
sources in the area. Presently the predominant noise source in the area is road traffic noise on the<br />
roads and streets in the study area.<br />
The LAeq ambient noise levels measured at the noise sensitive receptors varied between 51.0dB(A)<br />
at N2, and 67.3dB(A) at N1. The sensitive receptors located near Schull Road and Townsend Street<br />
recorded the highest levels, i.e. L AMax N1 (77.7dBA) and N5 (80.0dBA). Traffic noise on the respective<br />
nearby roads was noted as dominant noise sources at both locations.<br />
The L A10 is a measure <strong>of</strong> the short high-energy noise events and is a good indicator <strong>of</strong> traffic noise.<br />
The similarity between the LAeq and the L A10 reflects the impact <strong>of</strong> traffic noise levels generally on the<br />
noise environment in the area.<br />
The noise results at each <strong>of</strong> the other noise sensitive receptor monitoring points (i.e. N1, N2, N3, N4,<br />
N5 and N6) all exhibit relative similarities with only slight differences between the LAeq and<br />
L A10 results. This is considered typical <strong>of</strong> ambient noise levels in an urban environment.<br />
11.4 POTENTIAL IMPACTS<br />
The potential sources <strong>of</strong> noise emissions and vibration associated with the proposed development<br />
have been assessed for the following stages:-<br />
• The construction phase, and<br />
• The operational phase <strong>of</strong> the project.<br />
The noise impact assessment has considered the effects <strong>of</strong> the proposed development based upon<br />
the location map and extent <strong>of</strong> works as described in Chapter 2 Project Description.<br />
In this regard, the noise impact <strong>of</strong> the proposed development has been assessed in terms <strong>of</strong><br />
considering the potential impacts during the construction phase, and impacts following completion <strong>of</strong><br />
the development. During the construction phase the majority <strong>of</strong> works to be undertaken will comprise<br />
<strong>of</strong> site preparation works, involving use <strong>of</strong> earth moving and excavation equipment. There will also be<br />
additional traffic noise generated by construction site traffic, HGVs delivering concrete wall sections<br />
and ready-mix material to the site, which would have potential for a noise impact along haul routes to<br />
the site. It is not anticipated that rock breaking will be required to be undertaken during the<br />
construction <strong>of</strong> the proposed drainage scheme.<br />
Although the construction phase <strong>of</strong> the proposed development has the greatest potential for impact, it<br />
should be noted that these works will be temporary in duration as it is anticipated that construction<br />
works will take approximately 24 months to complete.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 11-12 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
11.4.1 Construction Related Noise<br />
During the various phases <strong>of</strong> construction <strong>of</strong> the proposed drainage scheme, the main potential noise<br />
sources that would be evident at the site would be:-<br />
• Site Preparation, noise will be generated by plant and machinery used to place fill material to<br />
form flood defence embankments at the site, construct concrete flood defence walls etc.<br />
• Haulage <strong>of</strong> fill construction materials to the site, by heavy goods vehicles and distribution <strong>of</strong> the<br />
material to the different sections <strong>of</strong> the drainage scheme site by excavators and earth mover<br />
trucks.<br />
• Internal/external haulage and delivery <strong>of</strong> construction materials by trucks.<br />
• Traffic associated with employees working at the site during the construction phase <strong>of</strong> the<br />
proposed drainage scheme.<br />
11.4.2 Construction Related Vibration<br />
Potential sources <strong>of</strong> vibration during typical construction projects include rock-breaking equipment,<br />
sheet piling machinery, excavators, dump trucks and HGV’s. There are internationally recognised<br />
criteria for vibration levels, for vibration which would be likely to lead to complaints, and vibration<br />
levels which would be likely to lead to structural damage (BS6472: 1992 Guide to Evaluation <strong>of</strong><br />
human exposure to vibration in buildings (1Hz to 80Hz), and BS7385: Part 2 1990: Guide to damage<br />
levels from ground-borne vibration).<br />
It is anticipated that the levels <strong>of</strong> vibration generated by construction works associated with the<br />
proposed drainage scheme and haulage <strong>of</strong> material to the site would be below the criteria specified in<br />
these standards, as the level <strong>of</strong> vibration from these activities would not be significant.<br />
Given that sheet-piled flood defence walls will be constructed along sections <strong>of</strong> the drainage scheme,<br />
vibration measurements can be carried out at any requisite monitoring points, if deemed necessary.<br />
This would help to ensure that vibrations generated by any <strong>of</strong> the construction activities at the site<br />
would not give rise to nuisance in the vicinity <strong>of</strong> proposed works.<br />
11.4.3 Operational Phase<br />
There will be no continuous noise or vibration generated by the proposed drainage scheme upon<br />
completion <strong>of</strong> the construction works. The proposed project comprises <strong>of</strong> the creation <strong>of</strong> the flood<br />
defences associated with the drainage scheme and there will be no operational noise or vibration<br />
sources as such on-site once the flood defences are constructed.<br />
In this regard there will be negligible noise during the operational phase <strong>of</strong> the proposed drainage<br />
scheme. There may be occasional inspections <strong>of</strong> the flood defences once constructed but there<br />
would be negligible noise or vibration associated with site inspections <strong>of</strong> the drainage scheme.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 11-13 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
11.5 “DO NOTHING” SCENARIO<br />
Should the proposed works be abandoned, (i.e. the “Do Nothing” Scenario prevailed), it is considered<br />
that there would be no significant change in the existing noise environment in the vicinity <strong>of</strong> the site.<br />
11.6 PREDICTED IMPACTS<br />
11.6.1 Construction Phase<br />
The most noticeable noise impact will occur during general construction activities associated with the<br />
flood relief scheme. There are a number <strong>of</strong> noise sensitive receptors located adjacent to sections <strong>of</strong><br />
the site where flood defences will be constructed (refer to Figure 11.1).<br />
Noise predictions were undertaken in accordance with BS5228 “Noise and Vibration Control on<br />
Construction and Open Sites”, to predict noise levels at nearby noise sensitive receptors. The plant<br />
and machinery sound power levels were taken from BS 5228 and the Department for Environment<br />
Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) Updated Noise Database for Prediction <strong>of</strong> Noise on Construction<br />
and Open Sites, (DEFRA, 2005).<br />
11.6.1.1 Construction Works Associated with the Drainage Scheme Works<br />
To allow for prediction <strong>of</strong> the worst-case scenario the total plant involved in the construction works<br />
was input as being operational on a continual basis at the boundary <strong>of</strong> the construction working area<br />
closest to the noise sensitive receptors. Details regarding the nature and numbers <strong>of</strong> plant and<br />
machinery to be utilised on-site during the construction works have not been finalised at this stage.<br />
However an assumption has been made that the following plant and machinery items listed in Table<br />
11.5 will be required during the construction phase.<br />
Table 11.5: List <strong>of</strong> Construction Plant/Machinery and Associated Sound Power Levels<br />
Description<br />
Number Required<br />
Sound power level<br />
(Approximate)<br />
Lw dB(A)<br />
Tracked Dozer 1 114<br />
Tracked Excavator 2 97<br />
Pile Driver 1 94<br />
Articulated Dump Truck 1 102<br />
Articulated Lorries 2 98<br />
Concrete Mixer 1 90<br />
Compressor 1 90<br />
Considering the progressive nature <strong>of</strong> the works, i.e. topsoil stripping, construction <strong>of</strong> the new flood<br />
defence embankments, construction <strong>of</strong> the concrete defence walls and construction <strong>of</strong> the glass wall<br />
flood defences, the predicted noise levels represent an overestimate <strong>of</strong> the potential construction<br />
noise that may be generated at the site, as much <strong>of</strong> the plant and machinery will not be operational<br />
simultaneously and will not be operational at the same location.<br />
The predicted construction noise level at the sensitive receptors (i.e. the nearest sensitive receptors<br />
to the proposed drainage scheme) associated with the flood defences construction works is 62dB<br />
LAeq, 1 hour, assuming all <strong>of</strong> the plant and machinery listed in Table 11.5 are operational on a<br />
continual basis. This would be within the NRA guidelines for construction noise levels at noise<br />
sensitive receptors. Given the existing ambient noise levels at the sensitive receptors, and assuming<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 11-14 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
the worst-case scenario predicted construction noise level <strong>of</strong> 62dB(A) was apparent at all <strong>of</strong> the noise<br />
sensitive receptors, the resultant cumulative noise levels at each <strong>of</strong> the sensitive receptors would be<br />
as outlined in Table 11.6.<br />
It should be noted that the predicted cumulative noise levels presented in Table 11.6 are worst-case<br />
scenario and in reality it is likely that noise levels will be lower. Not all items <strong>of</strong> plant listed in Table<br />
11.5 will be in operation at the same location at the same time for 100% <strong>of</strong> the working day.<br />
Table 11.6: Predicted Noise Levels at Noise Sensitive Locations During Construction<br />
Noise<br />
Sensitive<br />
Location<br />
Measured<br />
Baseline<br />
Level<br />
dB(A)<br />
LAeq<br />
Predicted<br />
Worst-case<br />
Construction<br />
Noise Level<br />
dB(A)<br />
NRA Guideline<br />
Construction<br />
Noise<br />
Criterion<br />
dB(A)<br />
Predicted<br />
Cumulative<br />
Noise Level at<br />
Receptor<br />
dB(A)<br />
N1 67.3 62.1 70 68.4<br />
N2 51.0 62.1 70 62.4<br />
N3 53.0 62.1 70 62.6<br />
N4 58.0 62.1 70 63.5<br />
N5 56.0 62.1 70 63.1<br />
N6 60.0 62.1 70 64.2<br />
<strong>Impact</strong><br />
Moderate<br />
Short-Term<br />
Negative<br />
Moderate<br />
Short-Term<br />
Negative<br />
Slight Short-<br />
Term<br />
Negative<br />
Significant<br />
Short-Term<br />
Negative<br />
Slight Short-<br />
Term<br />
Negative<br />
Moderate<br />
Short-Term<br />
Negative<br />
The results <strong>of</strong> the noise assessment indicate the predicted construction noise levels associated with<br />
the drainage scheme will give rise to cumulative noise levels at the sensitive receptors during the<br />
construction phase, that are below the NRA Guideline Construction Noise Criterion <strong>of</strong> 70 dB(A).<br />
It should be noted however that the noise levels presented in Table 11.6 are indicative <strong>of</strong> the potential<br />
worst-case scenario and effectively represent an overestimate <strong>of</strong> the likely construction noise levels<br />
that will be generated on a short-term basis. As outlined above, the predicted construction noise<br />
levels assume that all noise sources will be operating simultaneously throughout the day, which is<br />
unlikely to occur.<br />
11.6.1.2 Construction Traffic<br />
During the various phases <strong>of</strong> construction <strong>of</strong> the proposed flood relief scheme, the main potential<br />
noise sources that would be evident at the site would be:-<br />
• Site Preparation, noise will be generated by plant and machinery used to place fill material to<br />
form flood defence embankments at the site, construct concrete flood defence walls, glass flood<br />
defence walls etc.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 11-15 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
• Haulage <strong>of</strong> fill construction materials to the site, by heavy goods vehicles and distribution <strong>of</strong> the<br />
material to different sections <strong>of</strong> the drainage scheme site by excavators and earth mover trucks.<br />
• Internal / external haulage and delivery <strong>of</strong> construction materials by trucks.<br />
• Traffic associated with employees working at the site during the construction phase <strong>of</strong> the<br />
proposed drainage scheme.<br />
It is anticipated that the construction traffic noise levels will be within the recommended construction noise<br />
limits prescribed in the NRA Guidelines for the Treatment <strong>of</strong> Noise and Vibration during the construction<br />
<strong>of</strong> National Road Schemes 2004. The predicted construction traffic noise levels would be likely to be<br />
within the range <strong>of</strong> the existing ambient noise levels in the area and would not be expected to give rise to<br />
a significant negative noise impact in the area.<br />
11.6.1.3 Construction Related Vibration<br />
Potential sources <strong>of</strong> vibration during typical construction projects include rock-breaking equipment,<br />
sheet piling machinery, excavators, dump trucks and HGV’s. There are internationally recognised<br />
criteria for vibration levels, for vibration which would be likely to lead to complaints, and vibration levels<br />
which would be likely to lead to structural damage (BS6472: 1992 Guide to Evaluation <strong>of</strong> human<br />
exposure to vibration in buildings (1Hz to 80Hz), and BS7385: Part 2 1990: Guide to damage levels from<br />
ground-borne vibration).<br />
It is anticipated that the levels <strong>of</strong> vibration generated by construction works associated with the<br />
proposed drainage scheme and haulage <strong>of</strong> material to the site would be below the criteria specified in<br />
these standards, as the level <strong>of</strong> vibration from these activities would not be significant.<br />
Given that sheet-piled flood defence walls will be constructed along sections <strong>of</strong> the drainage scheme,<br />
vibration measurements can be carried out at any requisite monitoring points, if deemed necessary.<br />
This would help to ensure that vibrations generated by any <strong>of</strong> the construction activities at the site<br />
would not give rise to nuisance in the vicinity <strong>of</strong> the proposed works.<br />
11.6.2 Operational Phase<br />
As outlined in Section 11.4.3, there will be no continuous noise or vibration generated by the<br />
proposed Drainage Scheme upon completion <strong>of</strong> the construction works. The proposed project<br />
comprises <strong>of</strong> the creation <strong>of</strong> the flood defences associated with the drainage scheme and there will be<br />
no operational noise or vibration sources as such on-site once the flood defences are created.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 11-16 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
11.7 PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES<br />
11.7.1 Construction Phase<br />
Although it is predicted that noise levels will not exceed NRA assessment guideline criteria it is<br />
recommended that the following mitigation measures are strictly adhered to, as a measure to keep<br />
potential noise levels at a minimum. Mitigation measures, as outlined in BS5228 will be employed onsite<br />
during construction. The contract documents will clearly specify that the Contractor will be<br />
obliged to implement best practice noise abatement measures and comply with the recommendations<br />
<strong>of</strong> British Standard BS 5228, Code <strong>of</strong> Practice for Noise and Vibration Control on Construction and<br />
Open Sites – 2009. The following parts <strong>of</strong> this British Standard are applicable:-<br />
Part 1: Noise<br />
Part 2: Vibration<br />
It is recommended that “Best Practice Means” should be employed to minimise construction impacts.<br />
These include the following:-<br />
• Normal working hours will be 0800-1900 hours Monday to Friday and 0800-1600 hours on<br />
Saturdays. Sunday working will be avoided but may be necessary on some occasions. When<br />
working outside <strong>of</strong> normal hours is required the contractor will discuss such requirements with<br />
Cork County Council before such operations begin with adequate notice to the local<br />
community.<br />
• Selection <strong>of</strong> plant machinery with low inherent potential for generation <strong>of</strong> noise and/or vibration.<br />
All construction plant and equipment to be used at the site will be modern equipment and will<br />
comply with the European Communities (Construction Plant and Equipment) (Permissible<br />
Noise Levels) Regulations.<br />
• Regular maintenance <strong>of</strong> plant will be carried out in order to minimise noise produced by on-site<br />
operations. The regular and effective maintenance <strong>of</strong> plant can play an important role in<br />
reducing noise emissions. In particular, attention will be paid to the lubrication <strong>of</strong> bearings and<br />
the integrity <strong>of</strong> silencers. Silencers and engine covers will be maintained in good and effective<br />
working order.<br />
• All vehicles and mechanical plant will be fitted with effective exhaust silencers and maintained<br />
in good working order for the duration <strong>of</strong> the Contract.<br />
• Any compressors used on-site will be <strong>of</strong> the “sound reduced” models fitted with properly lined<br />
and sealed acoustic covers which will be kept closed whenever the machines are in use and all<br />
ancillary pneumatic tools shall be fitted with suitable silencers.<br />
• Machines, which are used intermittently, will be shut down or throttled back to a minimum<br />
during those periods when they are not in use.<br />
• Any plant, such as generators or pumps, which are required to work outside <strong>of</strong> normal working<br />
hours, will be surrounded by an acoustic enclosure.<br />
• Training <strong>of</strong> drivers to ensure smooth machinery operation/driving, and to minimise unnecessary<br />
noise generation.<br />
• A maximum speed limit <strong>of</strong> 40 km/hr will be imposed for HGV’s and drivers will be instructed to<br />
maintain as far as possible the distances between vehicles or 24 km/hr on un-surfaced roads.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 11-17 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
It is also recommended that periodic noise monitoring be undertaken during the initial construction<br />
phase to determine levels at noise sensitive receptors, in particular during ‘noisy’ activities. If the<br />
recommended noise exposure levels are exceeded further mitigation measures will be employed<br />
including temporary enclosures or screens around particularly ‘noisy’ plant.<br />
11.7.2 Operational Phase<br />
There will be no continuous operational noise or vibration generated by the proposed drainage<br />
scheme upon completion <strong>of</strong> the construction phase.<br />
Therefore, no mitigation measures are prescribed for the operational phase <strong>of</strong> the River Ilen<br />
(Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme.<br />
11.7.3 Vibration Mitigation<br />
It is anticipated that the levels <strong>of</strong> vibration generated by construction activities will be below the criteria<br />
specified in the standards, outlined in Section 10.2.3 and 10.4.2 <strong>of</strong> this report.<br />
Vibration measurements will be carried out at any requisite monitoring points. This would help to<br />
ensure that any vibration generated by the construction <strong>of</strong> the proposed drainage scheme would not<br />
give rise to nuisance in the vicinity <strong>of</strong> the proposed development. If vibration-monitoring results were<br />
to indicate that levels were approaching the standard limits, appropriate mitigation measures would be<br />
put in place to ensure that vibration levels were reduced to acceptable levels.<br />
11.8 MONITORING<br />
A programme <strong>of</strong> noise and vibration monitoring at sensitive receptors will be detailed by the<br />
Contractor prior to works beginning. This will allow for a constant review <strong>of</strong> noise and vibration levels<br />
generated by the construction <strong>of</strong> the proposed drainage scheme and will highlight the need for further<br />
mitigation measures should they be required.<br />
Should complaints arise, it is recommended that noise monitoring be carried out at sensitive receptors<br />
during the construction phase <strong>of</strong> the proposed drainage scheme to ensure guideline limits are not<br />
exceeded and to determine whether further mitigation measures are required.<br />
11.9 RESIDUAL IMPACTS<br />
There will be no significant residual noise and vibration impacts associated with the construction or<br />
operation stage <strong>of</strong> the proposed drainage scheme.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 11-18 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
12 CULTURAL HERITAGE<br />
12.1 INTRODUCTION<br />
This Chapter assesses the cultural heritage impacts <strong>of</strong> the proposed River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage<br />
Scheme. The term ‘cultural heritage’ is used to encompass the archaeological, architectural, historical<br />
and folklore heritage resource. The assessment identifies potential impacts on the cultural heritage<br />
resource and recommends mitigation measures where appropriate.<br />
The scheme has been designed to provide flood relief defences for the sections <strong>of</strong> the River Ilen and<br />
its tributaries within the environs <strong>of</strong> Skibbereen Town. It will primarily involve the creation <strong>of</strong> localised<br />
flood defenses along the banks <strong>of</strong> the watercourses and also along terrestrial areas prone to flooding.<br />
Localised in-stream works are proposed at John F. Kennedy Bridge and in the Caol Stream, where a<br />
walled channel is to be installed. Limited flood relief works are also proposed for the banks <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Assolas stream which is a small tributary stream to the Caol in the southwest corner <strong>of</strong> the town. The<br />
confluence <strong>of</strong> the Glencurragh Stream with the River Ilen is located to the southwest <strong>of</strong> The Moorings<br />
Housing Estate on the Schull Road and it is proposed to construct a pump station in the green field<br />
site immediately west <strong>of</strong> The Moorings Housing Estate.<br />
A Cultural Heritage Constraints Report was previously compiled for the proposed scheme by John<br />
Cronin & Associates (JCA) in July 2011. The study area for the Constraints Report incorporated an<br />
area approximately 8km downstream and 7 km upstream <strong>of</strong> Skibbereen Town. It included the<br />
identification <strong>of</strong> all recorded archaeological monuments within the study area including the legal<br />
status, if any, <strong>of</strong> these features. All protected and potential structures <strong>of</strong> architectural heritage<br />
significance within the constraints study area were also assessed. This was carried out in order to<br />
allow the scheme to be designed to avoid impacts on all protected cultural heritage features.<br />
The present Chapter assesses a more focused study area that encompasses an area extending for<br />
300 m from the lands that will be directly impacted by the proposed scheme. The assessment<br />
methodology included comprehensive desktop and field-walking surveys <strong>of</strong> the revised study area.<br />
The Appendices for this chapter comprise a photographic record <strong>of</strong> the study area (Appendix 12.1);<br />
the relevant extracts from the Archaeological Inventory <strong>of</strong> Co. Cork (Appendix 12.2); the Record <strong>of</strong><br />
Protected Structures (Appendix 12.3), the translations <strong>of</strong> the placenames within the study area<br />
(Appendix 12.4) and the relevant entries from the Excavations Database (Appendix 12.5).<br />
An underwater archaeological survey was previously carried out within the area to be impacted by the<br />
proposed drainage scheme (Kieran 2004). It was undertaken as an assessment <strong>of</strong> the impact <strong>of</strong> a<br />
proposed sewerage scheme and works comprised an underwater/wading survey (04D023) and metaldetecting<br />
survey (04R057) within the section <strong>of</strong> the River Ilen that flows through Skibbereen. The only<br />
in-channel grading impacts within the River Ilen will be localised works in the vicinity <strong>of</strong> the John F.<br />
Kennedy Bridge. This area was previously inspected during the underwater archaeological<br />
assessment and nothing <strong>of</strong> archaeological significance was identified. The underwater survey also<br />
encompassed the confluence <strong>of</strong> the Ilen with the Caol Stream in the centre <strong>of</strong> the town. The results<br />
and recommendations <strong>of</strong> this underwater archaeological survey were consulted as part <strong>of</strong> the present<br />
assessment and relevant extracts are provided (Appendix 12.6 Under Water Archaeological<br />
Assessment).<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 12-1 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
12.2 ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY<br />
The methodology used for this assessment is based on the EPA (2003) Advice Notes on Current<br />
Practice (in the preparation <strong>of</strong> <strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong>s) on Cultural Heritage, including<br />
folklore/tradition, architecture/settlements and monuments/features, following a baseline study <strong>of</strong> the<br />
existing cultural heritage features in the area <strong>of</strong> the proposed development, as well as per the Institute<br />
<strong>of</strong> Archaeologists (IAI) Good Practice Guidelines.<br />
This assessment is based on a desktop survey which identified all recorded archaeological,<br />
architectural and other cultural heritage sites within the study area. An underwater archaeological<br />
survey was previously carried out in the sections <strong>of</strong> the river channel and river bed to be impacted by<br />
the present scheme and the results were consulted as part <strong>of</strong> the desktop survey (Kieran 2004) (see<br />
Section 12.2.1).<br />
A walk over inspection <strong>of</strong> the areas to be impacted by the proposed scheme was undertaken by John<br />
Cronin and Associates in July 2012 (see Section 12.2.2).<br />
12.2.1 Desktop Survey<br />
The principal sources reviewed for the assessment <strong>of</strong> the known archaeological resource were the<br />
Sites and Monuments Record (SMR) and the Record <strong>of</strong> Monuments and Places (RMP) for County<br />
Cork. These provide comprehensive lists <strong>of</strong> the known archaeological resource and their legislative<br />
basis is outlined below (Section 12.3.2).The Record <strong>of</strong> Protected Structures (RPS) and the National<br />
Inventory <strong>of</strong> Architectural Heritage (NIAH) were the main sources consulted for assessing the known<br />
architectural heritage resource. The following sources were also consulted as part <strong>of</strong> the assessment:<br />
Database <strong>of</strong> Irish Excavation Reports<br />
The Database <strong>of</strong> Irish Excavation Reports contains summary accounts <strong>of</strong> all archaeological<br />
excavations carried out in Ireland – North and South – from 1970 to 2008. The excavations database<br />
contains summaries <strong>of</strong> a number <strong>of</strong> archaeological investigations within the study area and these are<br />
included in Appendix 12.5.<br />
Development Plans<br />
The local authority development plans relevant to the study area were consulted as part <strong>of</strong> this<br />
assessment. These plans outline the local authorities’ policies for the conservation <strong>of</strong> the<br />
archaeological and architectural heritage resource and include the Record <strong>of</strong> Protected Structures<br />
(RPS) and designate Architectural Conservation Areas (ACA). The relevant development plans for the<br />
study area comprises the Cork County Development Plan (2009-2015) and the Skibbereen Town<br />
Council Development Plan (2009-2015).<br />
Cartographic Sources<br />
The detail on cartographic sources can indicate past settlement and land use patterns in recent<br />
centuries and can highlight the increased impact <strong>of</strong> modern developments. This information can aid in<br />
the identification <strong>of</strong> the location and extent <strong>of</strong> unrecorded, or partially levelled, features <strong>of</strong><br />
archaeological or architectural interest. The cartographic sources examined for the study area<br />
included various editions <strong>of</strong> the Ordnance Survey (OS) maps. These included the 1 st editions <strong>of</strong> the<br />
OS 6-inch maps (surveyed and published in the 1830s & 1840s) and the 25” OS maps (surveyed and<br />
published 1888-1913). These two cartographic sources are referred to as the “OS maps” within this<br />
chapter and the relevant extracts are provided in Appendix 12.7.<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 12-2 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Photographic Sources<br />
A number <strong>of</strong> photographic sources were consulted as a means <strong>of</strong> identifying possible cultural heritage<br />
sites. This included the Digital Photographs database <strong>of</strong> the National Library <strong>of</strong> Ireland<br />
(http://www.nli.ie/), the online resource <strong>of</strong> the River Ilen Planning Project Liaison Executive (RIPPLE)<br />
(http://rippleskibbereen.com/gallery/) and local history publications.<br />
Literary Sources<br />
Literary sources are a valuable means <strong>of</strong> completing the written archaeological, historical and<br />
architectural record <strong>of</strong> a study area and gaining insight into the history <strong>of</strong> the environs <strong>of</strong> the proposed<br />
scheme. This included a review <strong>of</strong> the Underwater Archaeological Assessment undertaken in the<br />
River Ilen as part <strong>of</strong> the assessment <strong>of</strong> a sewerage scheme. A list <strong>of</strong> all literary sources consulted is<br />
provided (Section 12.6).<br />
Place names Database <strong>of</strong> Ireland<br />
The Place-Names Branch (Department <strong>of</strong> Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht) provides a<br />
comprehensive management system for data, archival records and place names research conducted<br />
by the State. Its primary function is to undertake research in order to establish the correct Irish<br />
language forms <strong>of</strong> the place names <strong>of</strong> Ireland and to publish them on a public website<br />
(www.logainm.ie). The Gaelic roots <strong>of</strong> many place names can provide information on the presence <strong>of</strong><br />
sites <strong>of</strong> archaeological interest. The translations <strong>of</strong> the place names within the study area are<br />
provided in Appendix 12.4.<br />
12.2.2 Site Survey<br />
In July 2012 areas to be impacted by the flood relief works were inspected along the entire length <strong>of</strong><br />
the proposed scheme. The topography and land use within the study area was assessed as these<br />
can <strong>of</strong>ten indicate the potential for the presence <strong>of</strong> hitherto unrecorded archaeological and<br />
architectural heritage sites. The riverine environment was inspected from the river banks and<br />
compared with the results <strong>of</strong> the desktop study and the previous underwater archaeological survey<br />
within the study area.<br />
12.2.3 <strong>Impact</strong> Criteria<br />
The assessment for the nature <strong>of</strong> impacts on the cultural heritage resource is based on various<br />
guidelines published by the National Monuments Service (NMS), the <strong>Environmental</strong> Protection<br />
Agency (EPA) and the National Road Authority (NRA). <strong>Impact</strong>s are generally categorised as either<br />
being direct, indirect or <strong>of</strong> no predicted impact. The criteria for determining the nature <strong>of</strong> impacts are<br />
based on the following:-<br />
• Direct <strong>Impact</strong>– where a cultural heritage site is physically located within the footprint <strong>of</strong> the<br />
scheme, which will result in its complete or partial removal.<br />
• Indirect <strong>Impact</strong>– where a cultural heritage site or its setting is located in close proximity to the<br />
footprint <strong>of</strong> the scheme.<br />
• No predicted impact– where the potential scheme will not adversely or positively affect a<br />
cultural heritage site.<br />
The impact categories are assessed further in terms <strong>of</strong> the quality <strong>of</strong> the impact, which is deemed to<br />
be negative, neutral, or positive:<br />
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River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
• Negative <strong>Impact</strong> is applied when a change will detract from or permanently remove a cultural<br />
heritage site from the landscape.<br />
• Neutral <strong>Impact</strong> is applied when a change does not affect cultural heritage sites.<br />
• Positive <strong>Impact</strong>: is applied when a change improves or enhances the setting <strong>of</strong> a cultural<br />
heritage site.<br />
A significance rating for these impacts is then applied; whether pr<strong>of</strong>ound, significant, moderate, slight,<br />
or imperceptible<br />
• A pr<strong>of</strong>ound impact applies where mitigation would be unlikely to remove adverse effects that<br />
arise where a cultural heritage site is completely and irreversibly destroyed by a proposed<br />
development.<br />
• A significant impact applies when an impact, by its magnitude, duration or intensity, alters an<br />
important aspect <strong>of</strong> the environment. It applies where part <strong>of</strong> a cultural heritage site would be<br />
permanently impacted upon, leading to a loss <strong>of</strong> character, integrity and data about the<br />
feature/site.<br />
• A moderate impact applies when a change to a cultural heritage site is proposed that, though<br />
noticeable, does not compromise the integrity <strong>of</strong> the site and which is reversible. This arises<br />
where a cultural heritage site can be incorporated into a modern day development without<br />
damage and where all procedures used to facilitate this are reversible.<br />
• A slight impact causes changes in the character <strong>of</strong> the environment which are not significant or<br />
pr<strong>of</strong>ound and do not directly impact or affect a cultural heritage site.<br />
• An imperceptible impact applies where an impact is capable <strong>of</strong> measurement but does not<br />
carry noticeable consequences.<br />
12.3 THE RECEIVING ENVIRONMENT<br />
12.3.1 <strong>Environmental</strong> Context<br />
The River Ilen rises in the hills north <strong>of</strong> Drimoleague and flows into Roaringwater Bay downstream <strong>of</strong><br />
Skibbereen. The river channel is up to 40 m in width and meanders through the town forming a<br />
floodplain known as the Marsh along the western bank. The local authority have lowered a section <strong>of</strong><br />
the Marsh area and used the excavated material to construct a 200 m long flood protection berm. The<br />
channel measures up to 40 m in width and the substrate is comprised <strong>of</strong> cobble and small boulder in<br />
faster flowing stretches with sand and gravels in areas <strong>of</strong> slacker flow (Cronin & Miller 2007). The<br />
River Ilen valley extends through both Old Red Sandstone and Carboniferous Limestone geological<br />
areas that are dominated by brown podzolic soils, which support a wide land use capability (Aalen et<br />
al 1997, 18).<br />
12.3.2 Legal Status<br />
The management and protection <strong>of</strong> cultural heritage in Ireland is achieved through a framework <strong>of</strong><br />
international conventions and national laws and policies. This is undertaken in accordance with the<br />
provisions <strong>of</strong> the ‘European Convention on the Protection <strong>of</strong> the Archaeological Heritage’ (the Valletta<br />
Convention) and ‘European Convention on the Protection <strong>of</strong> Architectural Heritage’ (Grenada<br />
Convention). Cultural heritage can be divided loosely into the archaeological resource covering sites<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 12-4 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
and monuments from the prehistoric period until the post-medieval period and the architectural<br />
heritage resource, encompassing standing structures and sites <strong>of</strong> cultural importance dating from the<br />
post-medieval and modern period. In addition, local place-names, folklore and traditions are<br />
considered part <strong>of</strong> our cultural heritage.<br />
The legislation; national policy statements, guidelines and advice notes relevant to this assessment<br />
include:-<br />
• National Monuments Act 1930 (and amendments in 1954, 1987, 1994 and 2004).<br />
• Heritage Act (1995).<br />
• National Cultural Institutions Act (1997).<br />
• Policy for the Protection <strong>of</strong> the Archaeological Heritage (Department <strong>of</strong> Arts, Heritage,<br />
Gaeltacht and the Islands 1999).<br />
• Architectural Heritage (National Inventory) and National Monuments (Misc. Provisions) Act<br />
(1999).<br />
• Local Government (Planning and Development) Act (2000).<br />
• Department <strong>of</strong> Environment, Heritage, and Local Government’s Architectural Heritage<br />
Protection: Guidelines for Planning Authorities (2004).<br />
Archaeological Resource<br />
The Minister for Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht (DAHG) is presently responsible for the statutory<br />
functions and the administration <strong>of</strong> the national policy in relation to archaeological heritage<br />
management. The National Monuments Act 1930 (and subsequent amendments in 1954, 1987, 1994<br />
and 2004), the Heritage Act 1995 and relevant provisions <strong>of</strong> the National Cultural Institutions Act 1997<br />
are the primary means <strong>of</strong> ensuring the satisfactory protection <strong>of</strong> archaeological remains, which are<br />
held to include all man-made structures <strong>of</strong> whatever form or date except buildings habitually used for<br />
ecclesiastical purposes. A national monument is described as ‘a monument or the remains <strong>of</strong> a<br />
monument the preservation <strong>of</strong> which is a matter <strong>of</strong> national importance by reason <strong>of</strong> the historical,<br />
architectural, traditional, artistic or archaeological interest attaching thereto’ (Section 2, National<br />
Monument Act, 1930).<br />
There are a number <strong>of</strong> mechanisms under the National Monuments Act that are applied to secure the<br />
protection <strong>of</strong> archaeological monuments. These include the Register <strong>of</strong> Historic Monuments, the<br />
Record <strong>of</strong> Monuments and Places (RMP), formerly the Sites and Monuments Record (SMR), and the<br />
placing <strong>of</strong> Preservation Orders and Temporary Preservation Orders on endangered sites.<br />
There are ten recorded archaeological sites listed in the RMP/SMR within 300 m <strong>of</strong> the proposed<br />
scheme and only one <strong>of</strong> these is within 100m <strong>of</strong> the scheme. The 1994 Act provides that the Minister<br />
shall establish and maintain a record <strong>of</strong> monuments and places and comprises a list and maps <strong>of</strong><br />
monuments and relevant places. Sites recorded on the Record <strong>of</strong> Monuments and Places (RMP)<br />
receive statutory protection under the National Monuments Act 1994. The RMP is based on the Sites<br />
and Monuments Record (SMR) files maintained by the National Monuments Service. The SMR are<br />
lists with accompanying maps and files <strong>of</strong> all certain or possible archaeological sites and monuments,<br />
mainly dating to before 1700 AD, for all Counties in the State.<br />
Section 12 (3) <strong>of</strong> the 1994 Act provides that ‘where the owner or occupier (other than the Minister) <strong>of</strong><br />
a monument or place included in the Record, or any other person, proposes to carry out, or to cause<br />
or permit the carrying out <strong>of</strong>, any work at or in relation to such a monument or place, he or she shall<br />
give notice in writing to the Minister to carry out work and shall not, except in the case <strong>of</strong> urgent<br />
necessity and with the consent <strong>of</strong> the Minister, commence the work until two months after the giving<br />
<strong>of</strong> notice.’<br />
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<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
It should be noted that whilst these are recorded (or formerly recorded) archaeological sites, it is<br />
possible that further archaeological sites and artefacts still remain undetected below the present<br />
ground surface.<br />
Architectural Heritage<br />
Protection <strong>of</strong> architectural heritage is provided for through a range <strong>of</strong> legal instruments that include<br />
the Heritage Act, 1995, the Architectural Heritage (National Inventory) and National Monuments<br />
(Misc. Provisions) Act, 1999, and the Local Government (Planning and Development) Act 2000.<br />
Section 2.1 <strong>of</strong> the Heritage Act, 1995, describes architectural heritage as ‘all structures, buildings,<br />
traditional and designed, and groups <strong>of</strong> buildings including streetscapes and urban vistas, which are<br />
<strong>of</strong> historical, archaeological, artistic, engineering, scientific, social or technical interest, together with<br />
their setting, attendant grounds, fixtures, fittings and contents, and, without prejudice to the generality<br />
<strong>of</strong> the foregoing, includes railways and related buildings and structures and any place comprising the<br />
remains or traces <strong>of</strong> any such railway, building or structure’.<br />
The Heritage Council<br />
The Heritage Council seeks to promote the interest in, knowledge and protection <strong>of</strong> Irish heritage,<br />
including the architectural resource. The 1995 Heritage Act protects all heritage buildings owned by a<br />
local authority from damage and destruction.<br />
Record <strong>of</strong> Protected Structures (RPS)<br />
Under the Local Government (Planning and Development) Act, 2000, all Planning Authorities are<br />
obliged to keep a ‘Record <strong>of</strong> Protected Structures’ <strong>of</strong> special architectural, historical, archaeological,<br />
artistic, cultural, scientific, social or technical interest. As <strong>of</strong> the 1st January 2000, all structures listed<br />
for protection in current Development Plans, have become ‘protected structures’. Since the<br />
introduction <strong>of</strong> this legislation, planning permission is required for any works to a protected structure<br />
which would affect its character. If a protected structure is endangered, planning authorities may issue<br />
a notice to the owner or occupier requiring works to be carried out. The Act contains comprehensive<br />
powers for local authorities to require the owners and occupiers to do works on a protected structure if<br />
it is endangered, or a protected structure or a townscape <strong>of</strong> special character that ought to be<br />
restored. The protected structures within the study area are listed in Appendix 12.3 Protected<br />
Structures in the Study Area. The Skibbereen Development Plan outlines the following policies for<br />
protected structures:<br />
TM1-1 Structures entered onto the Record <strong>of</strong> Protected Structures or listed to be entered onto<br />
the Record <strong>of</strong> Protected Structures shall be protected and their reuse/conservation/restoration<br />
and appropriate use encouraged.<br />
TM1-2 Proposals for development involving alterations or additions to a protected structure or<br />
its setting shall be encouraged where those works<br />
(a) Enhance the special character <strong>of</strong> the structure; and/or<br />
(b) Complement and reflect the design and character <strong>of</strong> contiguous buildings<br />
and the surrounding area; and/or<br />
(c) Features <strong>of</strong> architectural or historic interest and the historic form and structural integrity <strong>of</strong><br />
the structure are retained.<br />
TM1-3 Proposals for development <strong>of</strong> protected structures shall be encouraged where those<br />
proposals:<br />
(a) Contribute to the continued maintenance and repair <strong>of</strong> the structure; and/or<br />
(b) <strong>Main</strong>tain existing usage or provide a new use compatible with the character the structure or<br />
its setting.<br />
TM1-4 Development proposals on sites contiguous with a protected structure shall only be<br />
permitted where it can be clearly demonstrated that the development has no adverse impacts<br />
on the character or integrity <strong>of</strong> the protected structure, or views to and from it.<br />
Architectural Conservation Areas<br />
Architectural Conservation Areas (ACA) are also included in Development Plans and are designed to<br />
conserve whole streetscapes, together with the buildings, shop fronts, street furniture and hard and<br />
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River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
s<strong>of</strong>t surfaces they encompass. The Skibbereen Town Development Plan defines the entire town<br />
centre as an ACA and outlines the following the policies:<br />
TM2-1 Proposals involving re-use, change <strong>of</strong> use, new build and extension <strong>of</strong> buildings and<br />
structures in ACA’s shall only be permitted where it can be clearly demonstrated that<br />
development will<br />
(a) Reflect and respect the scale, massing, proportions, design and materials <strong>of</strong> existing<br />
structures and reflect the character <strong>of</strong> the area and its streetscape; and<br />
(b) Retain important exterior architectural features that contribute to the character and<br />
appearance <strong>of</strong> the ACA; and<br />
(c) Where it is not possible to retain the existing features, make use <strong>of</strong> natural local materials.<br />
TM2-2 The total demolition <strong>of</strong> buildings within an ACA which is not scheduled within the Record<br />
<strong>of</strong> Protected Structures shall only be permitted where it can be clearly demonstrated that:<br />
(a) The existing building or structure does not contribute positively to the character or<br />
appearance <strong>of</strong> the ACA; or<br />
(b) The building or structure is beyond viable repair or reuse.<br />
National Inventory <strong>of</strong> Architectural Heritage<br />
The National Inventory <strong>of</strong> Architectural Heritage (NIAH) identifies a range <strong>of</strong> built heritage structures<br />
within the Republic <strong>of</strong> Ireland and it is used to advise local authorities on compilation <strong>of</strong> a Record <strong>of</strong><br />
Protected Structures (RPS) as required by the Local Government (Planning and Development) Act,<br />
2000. The NIAH surveys are ongoing and are carried out by county administrative areas. The<br />
Skibbereen structures listed in the NIAH broadly correlate with the protected structures published in<br />
the town development plan.<br />
12.3.3 Cultural Heritage Resource<br />
The following section is based on a desktop survey on the cultural heritage <strong>of</strong> the study area in order<br />
to inform assessment <strong>of</strong> the potential impacts <strong>of</strong> the proposed scheme. Figure 12.1 below illustrates the<br />
layout <strong>of</strong> River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme in relation to recorded archaeological monuments. The<br />
desktop survey has resulted in the identification <strong>of</strong> ten recorded archaeological sites and a large<br />
number <strong>of</strong> protected structures within the wider environs <strong>of</strong> the scheme. The following section<br />
provides a summary <strong>of</strong> these recorded sites organised into the main periods <strong>of</strong> the Irish<br />
archaeological record based on the date ranges published by the National Monuments Service<br />
(2006). The published archaeological inventory descriptions <strong>of</strong> the recorded archaeological sites<br />
within the study area are provided in Appendix 12.2 Inventory Descriptions <strong>of</strong> Recorded<br />
Archaeological Sites within Study Area. A summary <strong>of</strong> potential impacts on the identified cultural<br />
heritage resource is provided in Table 12.1 and Table 12.2.<br />
Early Prehistoric Period<br />
The earliest recorded evidence for human settlement in Ireland dates to the Mesolithic period (7000–<br />
4000 BC) when groups <strong>of</strong> hunter-gatherers arrived on the island. While these Mesolithic settlers did<br />
not construct settlements or monuments that have left any above ground traces, their presence can<br />
<strong>of</strong>ten be identified by scatters <strong>of</strong> worked flint in ploughed fields. The Neolithic period (4000-2400 BC)<br />
began with the arrival and establishment <strong>of</strong> agriculture as the principal form <strong>of</strong> economic subsistence,<br />
which resulted in more permanent settlement patterns. As a consequence <strong>of</strong> the more settled nature<br />
<strong>of</strong> agrarian life, new site-types, such as substantial rectangular timber houses and various types <strong>of</strong><br />
megalithic tombs, begin to appear in the archaeological record during this period. There are no<br />
recorded Mesolithic or Neolithic sites within the study area.<br />
The Bronze Age<br />
Metalworking arrived in Ireland with the advent <strong>of</strong> the Bronze Age period (c. 2400–500 BC). This new<br />
technology introduced a new artefactual assemblage into the Irish archaeological record and this<br />
period was also associated with the construction <strong>of</strong> new monument types such as standing stones,<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 12-7 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
stone rows, stone circles and fulachta fiadh. There are two standing stones within the study area, in<br />
the townlands <strong>of</strong> Abbeystrowry (CO141-087---) and Coronea (CO141-154---). These lithic<br />
monuments, which are also known as gallán, are typically dated to the Bronze Age and comprise a<br />
single, un-worked stone set upright into a prepared socket dug into the ground. A number <strong>of</strong><br />
interpretations have been forwarded for these monuments, such as burial or boundary markers, and it<br />
is possible that all examples were not erected to fulfil the same function.<br />
The Iron Age<br />
The centuries that comprise the Iron Age (c. 600 BC–400 AD) are amongst the most obscure in the<br />
archaeological record for the Irish prehistoric period (Waddell 1998, 279). There is general agreement<br />
that the development <strong>of</strong> an iron technology saw the advent <strong>of</strong> the Iron Age and was a significant factor<br />
in the eventual demise <strong>of</strong> bronze working on a large scale, but the nature <strong>of</strong> this transition in Ireland is<br />
unclear. There are no recorded Iron Age sites within the study area.<br />
Early Medieval<br />
The early medieval period broadly begins with the introduction <strong>of</strong> Christianity and continued up to the<br />
arrival <strong>of</strong> the Anglo-Normans (c. 400–1169 AD). The introduction and establishment <strong>of</strong> Christianity is<br />
attested to in the archaeological record by the presence <strong>of</strong> church and graveyards, stone crosses,<br />
shrines and holy wells. While this period saw the emergence <strong>of</strong> the first phases <strong>of</strong> urbanisation<br />
around both the large monasteries and the Hiberno-Norse ports the dominant site types <strong>of</strong> the period<br />
were rural-based, such as ringforts, souterrains and the various monuments associated with early<br />
ecclesiastical activity. Ringforts are the most widespread archaeological field monument in the Irish<br />
countryside and are <strong>of</strong>ten referred to as ‘dun’ or ‘lios’, which form some <strong>of</strong> the most common elements<br />
in Irish place names. These sites comprise a circular or roughly circular area enclosed by an earthen<br />
bank formed <strong>of</strong> material thrown up from an external concentric fosse (ditch). Excavations within the<br />
interiors <strong>of</strong> the enclosure have uncovered the remains <strong>of</strong> houses, outbuildings and activities such as<br />
crop-processing and metal-working. Souterrains (underground chambers) are <strong>of</strong>ten found in<br />
association with ringforts, although isolated examples, perhaps associated with unenclosed<br />
settlements, have also been recorded. The early ecclesiastical sites were morphologically similar to<br />
ringforts and cashels but are <strong>of</strong>ten differentiated by the presence <strong>of</strong> features such as church buildings,<br />
graves, stone crosses and shrines. The study area contains three recorded ringforts (CO141-086---,<br />
CO141-088--- & CO141-122---) and two isolated souterrains (CO141-089--- & CO141-140).<br />
Late Medieval (1169 – 1550 AD)<br />
The arrival and conquest <strong>of</strong> large parts <strong>of</strong> Ireland by the Anglo-Normans in the late 12 th Century<br />
broadly marks the advent <strong>of</strong> the Irish late medieval period, which continued up until the beginning <strong>of</strong><br />
the post-medieval period during the middle <strong>of</strong> the 16 th Century. Within the late medieval period, towns,<br />
markets, and fairs were established and change and reform attempted in the Irish church. By the 15 th<br />
Century the native Irish chieftains and lords began to construct tower house castles as centres <strong>of</strong><br />
territorial control. The study area contains the former site <strong>of</strong> a castle on the east bank <strong>of</strong> the Caol<br />
Stream in Gortnaclohy townland (CO141-094---). The castle was described as in ruins during the 19 th<br />
Century, when only the foundations were visible, and there are now no surface traces <strong>of</strong> the site<br />
(Power 1992).<br />
Post-Medieval (1550+)<br />
Skibbereen Town has its origins in the 17 th Century when a settlement centred on the High Street<br />
(New Stapletown) and Bridgetown (Bridge Street) areas was established. There are few historical<br />
references to the town during the 17 th and 18 th Centuries and it has been suggested that this was<br />
because it was not a parliamentary borough (Barnard 2006, 3). The origins and development <strong>of</strong> the<br />
settlement during the post medieval period have been summarised as follows (Zajac at al 1995):<br />
“Established as a market town on the lands <strong>of</strong> Sir Walter Coppinger who secured the right to hold fair in<br />
the area in 1615. Originally two separate settlements, divided by a small stream, the present town<br />
combines the parishes <strong>of</strong> Bridgetown to the west and Creagh or Stapletown to the east. Skibbereen was<br />
formerly an important centre for the manufacture <strong>of</strong> textiles, particularly wool and linen, its location on the<br />
south bank <strong>of</strong> the Ilen River gave the town access to Baltimore Harbour from where corn and flour were<br />
exported. An extensive brewery was established here in 1809 that supplied the surrounding areas as did<br />
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the weekly markets that were noted for their abundance <strong>of</strong> provisions. Skibbereen has been a cathedral<br />
town <strong>of</strong> the diocese <strong>of</strong> Ross since the 19th century”.<br />
In the 17 th and 18 th Centuries, North Street, <strong>Main</strong> Street and their ancillary warehouses, corn-mills and<br />
breweries evolved with the use <strong>of</strong> the river for transport. While the town’s standing as a regional<br />
market centre was important to its continuing development, it was also a centre for a number <strong>of</strong> post–<br />
medieval industries, such as rope making, tanning, distilling, brewing, milling, weaving, (woollen and<br />
linen), basket making, rail making and boat manufacture. The importance <strong>of</strong> the river to Skibbereen<br />
as a transport resource was vital during the post-medieval period even though the town was not<br />
accessible to large boats. A description <strong>of</strong> the town in the 1830s noted that the river was navigable for<br />
vessels <strong>of</strong> 200 tons' burden to Oldcourt, two miles below Skibbereen (Lewis 1837) and goods were<br />
then brought upriver by barges to small quays in the town.The remains <strong>of</strong> a number <strong>of</strong> 19 th Century<br />
riverside quays were assessed in 2007 and were described as random dry-stone bank revetments,<br />
with no evident slipways, which were generally in derelict condition (Millar & Cronin 2007). None <strong>of</strong><br />
these former quays are listed in the RMP, RPS or NIAH. The sites <strong>of</strong> three <strong>of</strong> the quays (Long Quay,<br />
Chapel Quay and Minihane’s Quay) were obscured by silting, overgrowth and rubble when the<br />
underwater archaeological assessment was carried out in 2004. The riverside sewerage pipe and<br />
associated services were subsequently constructed along the line <strong>of</strong> these quays in 2008. The<br />
fragmentary and partially demolished remains <strong>of</strong> the quay walls are visible along the west side <strong>of</strong><br />
Levis Quay. The remains <strong>of</strong> a Steam Mill Quay, to the west <strong>of</strong> John F. Kennedy Bridge, still survive as<br />
a low, riverside revetment.<br />
The RMP/SMR list three sites post-medieval archaeological within the study area and these comprise<br />
two graveyards within the town centre (CO141-092--- & CO141-093) and Lurriga Country House<br />
(CO141-045001) outside the northern end <strong>of</strong> the town. The Ilen Valley Railway from Dunmanway to<br />
Skibbereen opened in 1877 and the old rail bridge spanning the River Ilen is listed as a protected<br />
structure in the town development plan (ref. RPS 152).<br />
Excavations Database<br />
The Excavation Database contains summary accounts <strong>of</strong> all the archaeological excavations carried<br />
out in Ireland (North and South) from 1970 to 2008. It has been compiled from the published<br />
Excavations Bulletins from those years, with a similar format. The database contains summaries <strong>of</strong><br />
four archaeological investigations within, or in close vicinity to the study area, and these are provided<br />
in Appendix 12.5 Summaries <strong>of</strong> Archaeological Investigations within the Study Area. Nothing <strong>of</strong><br />
archaeological significance was uncovered in the terrestrial excavations carried out in advance <strong>of</strong> the<br />
construction <strong>of</strong> the Skibbereen relief road, which extends through the northern half <strong>of</strong> the study area.<br />
The relevant extracts from the 2004 underwater archaeological survey <strong>of</strong> the River Ilen are provided<br />
in Appendix 12.6 Under Water Archeological Assessment.<br />
Potential Underwater Sites<br />
Under the National Monuments Acts 1930-1994 all shipwrecks over one hundred years old, including<br />
underwater archaeological structures, features and objects are protected. Given the historic<br />
significance <strong>of</strong> the River IIen and associated river traffic in the 17 th and 18 th Centuries, underwater<br />
archaeology may be another important aspect <strong>of</strong> Skibbereen’s archaeological heritage as there is<br />
generally a high archaeological potential within riverine environments. There are no recorded<br />
archaeological sites or features within, or adjacent to, the River Ilen. However, the RMP does not<br />
include all underwater archaeological sites and as a result the development could potentially impact<br />
negatively on unrecorded underwater archaeological features. As previously noted, the section <strong>of</strong> the<br />
river within the study area has previously been subject to a comprehensive dive and metal-detecting<br />
survey in advance <strong>of</strong> the Skibbereen Sewerage Scheme (Kieran 2004). Nothing <strong>of</strong> archaeological<br />
significance was uncovered other than fragmentary remains <strong>of</strong> dry-stone-lining along sections <strong>of</strong> the<br />
bank. It was recommended that the stone-lining be either preserved in situ or preserved by record in<br />
advance <strong>of</strong> any potential impacts. The sewerage scheme was undertaken in 2008 and involved laying<br />
concrete enclosed pipes across a number <strong>of</strong> points in the river channel and along its banks. The<br />
licensing section <strong>of</strong> the National Monuments Service was consulted and has no record <strong>of</strong> a licence<br />
being issued for archaeological monitoring <strong>of</strong> these in-channel and riverside sewerage works.<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 12-9 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Placename evidence<br />
The proposed scheme extends through the parishes <strong>of</strong> Creagh and Abbeystrowry, both <strong>of</strong> which are<br />
within the barony <strong>of</strong> West Carbery, and the study area encompasses the townlands <strong>of</strong> Carrignafadda,<br />
Coronea, Curragh, Gortnaclohy, Lurriga and Marsh. The townland is the smallest unit <strong>of</strong> land division<br />
in the Irish landscape and many may preserve early Gaelic territorial boundaries that pre-date the<br />
Anglo-Norman conquest. The layout and nomenclature <strong>of</strong> the Irish townlands was recorded and<br />
standardised by the work <strong>of</strong> the Ordnance Survey in the 19 th Century. The Irish roots <strong>of</strong> townland<br />
names <strong>of</strong>ten refer to natural topographical features but some name elements may also give an<br />
indication <strong>of</strong> the presence <strong>of</strong> past human activity within the townland. For instance, the placename<br />
elements dun, lios or rath indicate the presence <strong>of</strong> a ringfort within the townland while temple, termon<br />
or kill suggest an association with a church site. The translations <strong>of</strong> the townland names within the<br />
study area refer to natural topographical characteristics and they are listed in Appendix 12.4<br />
Translation <strong>of</strong> Placenames in Study Area (source www.logainm.ie).<br />
Architectural Heritage<br />
The post-medieval period saw the proliferation <strong>of</strong> both high and low status housing stocks and the<br />
expansion <strong>of</strong> urban settlements throughout Ireland. In particular local landlords improved their estates<br />
and built residences for themselves. During this period any given settlement cluster is likely to have<br />
consisted primarily <strong>of</strong> single-storey thatched cottages with associated farm buildings. From later<br />
Victorian times onwards, two-storey farm houses became more common. In the latter half <strong>of</strong> the 20 th<br />
Century, there was a radical change in the nature and character <strong>of</strong> Irish domestic architecture<br />
manifested by the replacement <strong>of</strong> older stone-built structures with modern bungalows <strong>of</strong> concrete<br />
blockwork construction.<br />
Almost all <strong>of</strong> the surviving built fabric in Skibbereen Town and its hinterland dates to the 18 th and 19 th -<br />
centuries and includes townhouses, country houses, bridges, quays, civic buildings and churches.<br />
The proposed scheme extends into two local authority areas: Skibbereen Town Council and Cork<br />
County Council. Both <strong>of</strong> these planning authorities have published development plans that provide<br />
Records <strong>of</strong> Protected Structures (RPS). The Cork County Council Development Plan 2009-2015 does<br />
not list any RPS sites with the section <strong>of</strong> the study area under their aegis. The RPS published in the<br />
Skibbereen Town Council Development Plan 2009-2015 includes 161 buildings and structures within<br />
the town centre and these are listed in Appendix 12.3 Protected Structures within the Study Area.<br />
The entire town centre <strong>of</strong> Skibbereen has been designated as an ACA in the development plan, which<br />
also notes the historical significance <strong>of</strong> five disused stone quays along the east side <strong>of</strong> the River Ilen.<br />
These quays survive in generally derelict conditions but any proposed works in their vicinity will<br />
require appropriate mitigation strategies. The building stock in Skibbereen listed in the National<br />
Inventory <strong>of</strong> Architectural Heritage (NIAH) broadly overlaps with the RPS as published in the<br />
Skibbereen Development Plan. The only riverine structure listed in the RPS which is in close vicinity<br />
to the scheme is the railway bridge (RPS ref. 152) close to the modern John F. Kennedy road bridge.<br />
This single-arch former railway bridge is <strong>of</strong> wrought-iron box girder construction and is supported by<br />
concrete slabs. It was built in the 1870s and was converted to a pedestrian bridge in the 1960s.<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 12-10 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Figure 12.1 Recorded Archaeological Monuments<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 12-11 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
12.3.4 Site Survey<br />
The riverside and floodplain areas to be impacted by the proposed scheme were inspected in July<br />
2012. The following section provides descriptions <strong>of</strong> these areas and incorporates relevant<br />
information from the previous underwater archaeological assessment (Kieran, 2004), cartographic<br />
sources, recent sewerage/improvement works and proposed impacts <strong>of</strong> the drainage scheme. Where<br />
possible, the flood defences will be located away from the river’s edge to avoid encroachment into the<br />
river channel. It is expected that access to construct any proposed flood defences which are located<br />
away from the river’s edge will be from the landward side in order to avoid any impact to the river. As<br />
well as the envisioned works, the scheme may also entail miscellaneous ancillary works including<br />
local drainage works behind flood defences in all areas.<br />
Caol Stream and Floodplain<br />
The southern end <strong>of</strong> the proposed scheme will involve the construction <strong>of</strong> a combination <strong>of</strong> flood walls<br />
and embankments along the Caol Stream, and its surrounding floodplain, in the low-lying lands on the<br />
southern outskirts <strong>of</strong> the town. There are no recorded archaeological or architectural features located<br />
in the vicinity <strong>of</strong> the lands and banks in this area that will be impacted by the proposed scheme. No<br />
features <strong>of</strong> cultural heritage interest are indicated in this area on the cartographic sources. The<br />
meandering and slow-flowing section <strong>of</strong> stream extends through overgrown, marshy lands that are<br />
described as ‘liable to flood’ on the OS maps (Plates 12.1 & 12.2 in Appendix 12.1 Photographic<br />
Record). From the industrial premises on Castletownshend Road to the Caravan Park site, it is<br />
proposed to construct approximately 558 m <strong>of</strong> embankment wall along the southern/western bank <strong>of</strong><br />
the Caol Stream (Caol 4). The embankment will be approximately 1.5 to 2.5 m high in relation to the<br />
level <strong>of</strong> the adjacent fields. There were no traces <strong>of</strong> any features <strong>of</strong> cultural heritage interest noted<br />
during a field inspection <strong>of</strong> the overgrown banks and marshy marginal land in the area <strong>of</strong> floodplain<br />
that will be impacted by this section <strong>of</strong> the proposed scheme.<br />
The proposed scheme will involve the construction <strong>of</strong> drainage walls along both banks <strong>of</strong> the section<br />
<strong>of</strong> the Caol Stream that flows through Skibbereen Town. There are no recorded archaeological or built<br />
heritage sites in the immediate vicinity <strong>of</strong> this section <strong>of</strong> the stream and no associated features, such<br />
as bridges, are present on the 1 st edition map. This section <strong>of</strong> the scheme enters the ACA as defined<br />
by in the Skibbereen Development Plan. This section <strong>of</strong> the watercourse has been impacted by<br />
modern developments such as the Super Valu car park, stream cleaning works and the 2008 sewage<br />
scheme. As the stream enters the town it extends under a road bridge at the southern end <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Super Valu car park (Plate 12.3 in Appendix 12.1 Photographic Records). This bridge is not listed<br />
in the RPS or NIAH. It is not present on the 1 st edition OS map but it is on the 25” OS map indicating<br />
that it dates to the second half <strong>of</strong> the 19 th -century. The height <strong>of</strong> the walls on the road bridge is<br />
insufficient to contain predicted flood levels and will therefore need to be raised at both the upstream<br />
and downstream sides <strong>of</strong> the bridge. Short stretches <strong>of</strong> both sides <strong>of</strong> the stream immediately to the<br />
north <strong>of</strong> the bridge are lined with modern rock armour (Plate 12.4 in Appendix 12.1 Photographic<br />
Record), which was created during the recent Caol Stream Enhancement Project. This project was<br />
undertaken by a local group in recent years and involved the cleaning, deepening and widening <strong>of</strong> the<br />
stream in the town (http://rippleskibbereen.com/caol-stream-enhancement/). The earthen stream<br />
banks along the entire west bank in this area have been exposed while the east bank remains<br />
overgrown and flanked by the rear boundary walls/hedges <strong>of</strong> properties facing onto Market Street to<br />
the east (Plate 12.5 in Appendix 12.1 Photographic Record). The Market St properties and their<br />
boundaries are not present on the 1 st edition OS map, which also shows the car park area as<br />
undeveloped land outside the south end <strong>of</strong> the town. There were no features <strong>of</strong> cultural heritage noted<br />
during an inspection <strong>of</strong> the section <strong>of</strong> the stream that extends along the east side <strong>of</strong> the car park area.<br />
The Caol Stream then extends along the west side <strong>of</strong> the north end <strong>of</strong> Clerke’s Lane and the banks<br />
and bed in this area have been impacted by the sewerage scheme undertaken in 2008. The northern<br />
section <strong>of</strong> the lane provides vehicle access to the car park to the south and it was created by the<br />
clearance <strong>of</strong> buildings shown on the 1 st edition 6” and 25” OS maps. The lane (east) side <strong>of</strong> the<br />
stream is lined with concrete slabs and much <strong>of</strong> the random rubble boundary wall delimiting the west<br />
side has been rebuilt with modern replacement masonry. The west side <strong>of</strong> the stream bed has been<br />
impacted by a concrete-enclosed sewerage pipe and a concrete weir structure is visible on the west<br />
side <strong>of</strong> the stream bed in this area. The Caol Stream then continues under the twin arch masonry<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 12-12 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
road bridge that spans the section <strong>of</strong> the stream that extends through Bridge Street and partially<br />
extends into Levis Quay to the north. This bridge structure is shown as measuring the width <strong>of</strong> the<br />
street on the 1st edition OS map while the existing extension into Levis Quay is present on the 25” OS<br />
map. The bridge is not a protected structure. The open bridge railing at street level cannot contain<br />
floodwaters and a floodwall will therefore need to be constructed here. Approximately 340m <strong>of</strong> U-box<br />
channel is proposed between the bridge and the modern road bridge in Field’s Super Valu Carpark to<br />
the south. The sides <strong>of</strong> the box channel will be approximately 1.2 m to 1.6 m high. A thalweg will be<br />
provided within the channel to emulate the existing streambed features in so far as possible. The area<br />
<strong>of</strong> the stream to be impacted by this culvert was previously impacted by the 2008 sewerage scheme<br />
and stream cleaning works.<br />
Upstream <strong>of</strong> Market Street, it is proposed to construct approximately 320m <strong>of</strong> masonry clad flood wall<br />
along southern/western bank <strong>of</strong> the Caol Stream. The wall is to be constructed to the rear <strong>of</strong> the<br />
industrial premises along Castletownshend Road. The proposed wall will be approximately 1.5 m high<br />
in relation to the level <strong>of</strong> the adjacent industrial areas. Upstream <strong>of</strong> Market Street, it is also proposed<br />
to construct approximately 83 m <strong>of</strong> masonry clad flood wall along northern/eastern bank <strong>of</strong> the Caol<br />
Stream.<br />
The Caol Stream emerges from under Bridge Street and flows into Levis Quay where it discharges<br />
into the River Ilen. This area was inspected as part <strong>of</strong> the 2004 underwater archaeological survey and<br />
nothing <strong>of</strong> archaeological interest was noted within the channel. The steps that provided access from<br />
Bridge Street down to the centre <strong>of</strong> the quay area are in poor condition and will not be impacted by<br />
the proposed scheme. These steps extend from the edge <strong>of</strong> the bridge extension shown on the 25”<br />
OS map and, as such, also post-date the 1 st edition OS map. The east side <strong>of</strong> the quay has been<br />
redeveloped in recent years and the original quay wall covered with a stone faced concrete wall The<br />
base <strong>of</strong> the overgrown quay walls at west are flanked by the concrete sewerage pipe. The quay walls<br />
at west were visible at the time <strong>of</strong> the underwater survey in 2004 and a number <strong>of</strong> rebuilds were noted<br />
(Plate 12.9 in Appendix 12.1 Photographic Record). The proposed scheme will entail the<br />
construction <strong>of</strong> a flood wall along the sides <strong>of</strong> the quay. Approximately 40m <strong>of</strong> flood wall are proposed<br />
along the western bank <strong>of</strong> the stream. This masonry faced reinforced concrete wall will be<br />
approximately 1.6 m high in relation to the level <strong>of</strong> the adjacent Levis Quay and will be constructed on<br />
top <strong>of</strong> a later rebuild over the original quay wall.<br />
Assolas Stream<br />
The Assolas Stream passes under Townshend Street approximately 80 m northwest <strong>of</strong> the Baltimore<br />
Road / Townshend Street roundabout. There are no recorded cultural heritage sites in the vicinity <strong>of</strong><br />
this stream. The proposed works along the Assolas Stream have been summarised as follows:<br />
Approximately 35 m <strong>of</strong> flood wall along the western bank <strong>of</strong> the stream, located along a property<br />
boundary. The masonry faced reinforced concrete wall will be approximately 1.3 m high in relation to<br />
the level <strong>of</strong> the adjacent garden. Approximately 65 m <strong>of</strong> embankment along the eastern bank <strong>of</strong> the<br />
stream, located along the edge <strong>of</strong> a field adjacent the roundabout. The embankment will be<br />
approximately 1.3 m high in relation to the level <strong>of</strong> the field. Approximately 202 m <strong>of</strong> embankment<br />
along the western bank <strong>of</strong> the stream, located along property boundaries. The embankment will be<br />
located at the western side <strong>of</strong> the existing treeline which currently runs alongside the watercourse.<br />
The height <strong>of</strong> the embankment will vary from 0.6 to 1.8 m approximately in relation to the level <strong>of</strong> the<br />
adjacent land. Approximately 277 m <strong>of</strong> flood wall along the eastern bank <strong>of</strong> the stream, located along<br />
property boundaries. There is an existing wall at Lidl but this does not have sufficient height to provide<br />
500 mm freeboard and it is therefore proposed to construct a concrete stub wall, approximately 450<br />
mm high, on top <strong>of</strong> the existing bank through the grounds <strong>of</strong> Lidl. The remainder <strong>of</strong> the wall will be<br />
masonry faced reinforced concrete, approximately 1.1 m high in relation to the level <strong>of</strong> the adjacent<br />
gardens. Approximately 92 m <strong>of</strong> embankment along the eastern bank <strong>of</strong> the stream, located in front<br />
gardens between the stream and the Baltimore Road. An existing double culvert to the east <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Care centre on Baltimore Road will be replaced with a single box culvert under the public roadway.<br />
There were no potential cultural heritage sites noted in this area during the compilation <strong>of</strong> the desktop<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 12-13 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
study or during an inspection <strong>of</strong> the areas to be impacted by the works in the vicinity <strong>of</strong> the Assolas<br />
Stream.<br />
River Ilen Channel<br />
The relevant extracts <strong>of</strong> the 2004 Underwater Archaeological Assessment that provide a description<br />
<strong>of</strong> the river banks to be impacted by the proposed drainage scheme are provided in Appendix 12.6<br />
Under Water Archaeological Assessment. In summary, there were no archaeological features<br />
noted within the river bed and the only features <strong>of</strong> interest were fragmentary traces <strong>of</strong> drystone lining<br />
and the possible remains <strong>of</strong> a quay along the river banks. In the event that any impact on these<br />
features was envisioned it was recommended that they should be preserved in record in advance <strong>of</strong><br />
the sewerage scheme (Kieran 2004).<br />
The proposed scheme will entail re-grading <strong>of</strong> approximately 1,670 m 2 <strong>of</strong> the bed <strong>of</strong> the River Ilen at<br />
John F. Kennedy Bridge and structural protection works to the modern bridge. The re-grading works<br />
are to be carried out at bed level and will not impact on the former railway bridge which spans the<br />
river to the east <strong>of</strong> John F. Kennedy Bridge. The relevant extracts <strong>of</strong> the 2004 underwater<br />
archaeological assessment that provide a description <strong>of</strong> the river bed to be impacted by the proposed<br />
flood re-grading works are provided in Appendix 12.6 Under Water Archaeological Assessment. In<br />
summary, there were no archaeological features noted within this section <strong>of</strong> the river bed during the<br />
underwater archaeological survey.<br />
The riverside areas to be impacted by the proposed drainage scheme were re-inspected from the<br />
adjacent lands to assess if any changes to these areas had occurred since the completion <strong>of</strong> the<br />
underwater archaeological assessment. The dryland areas within the wider floodplain that will be<br />
impacted by flood defence embankments were also inspected.<br />
The following provides details <strong>of</strong> the proposed scheme along the River Ilen and the results <strong>of</strong> the<br />
inspection <strong>of</strong> the areas to be impacted:<br />
Approximately 147 m <strong>of</strong> flood wall along the northern bank <strong>of</strong> the river, located adjacent to the Schull<br />
Road, along the boundary <strong>of</strong> a public seating area. The masonry faced reinforced concrete wall will<br />
be approximately 1.4 m high in relation to the level <strong>of</strong> the adjacent Schull Road. There were no<br />
potential archaeological or architectural heritage features noted in this area during the compilation <strong>of</strong><br />
the desktop study or the inspection <strong>of</strong> the area to be impacted by these works.<br />
Approximately 709 m <strong>of</strong> embankment along the northern bank <strong>of</strong> the river, located adjacent to the<br />
Schull Road, from the upstream end <strong>of</strong> the wall described above to John F Kennedy Bridge. The<br />
embankment will vary from approximately 1.2 to 1.8 m high in relation to the level <strong>of</strong> the adjacent<br />
Schull Road. There were no potential archaeological or architectural heritage features noted in this<br />
area during the compilation <strong>of</strong> the desktop study or the inspection <strong>of</strong> the marginal agricultural lands<br />
located within the section <strong>of</strong> the floodplain to be impacted by these works.<br />
Approximately 105 m <strong>of</strong> flood wall along the southern bank <strong>of</strong> the river, located just downstream <strong>of</strong><br />
John F. Kennedy Bridge. The masonry faced reinforced concrete wall will be approximately 1.8 m<br />
high in relation to the level <strong>of</strong> the adjacent carpark. This area <strong>of</strong> the river bank has been impacted by<br />
the 2008 sewerage scheme and the construction <strong>of</strong> a modern wall along the bank. No potential<br />
archaeological or architectural heritage features were noted in this area during the compilation <strong>of</strong> the<br />
desktop study or the inspection <strong>of</strong> the area to be impacted by these proposed works.<br />
The proposed scheme will entail the following works to section <strong>of</strong> the river bank to the rear <strong>of</strong> Bridge<br />
Street. Approximately 270 m <strong>of</strong> flood wall along the southern bank <strong>of</strong> the river, located upstream <strong>of</strong><br />
John F. Kennedy Bridge. The masonry faced wall will be approximately 1.8 m high in relation to the<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 12-14 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
level <strong>of</strong> the adjacent carparks and yards to the rear <strong>of</strong> Bridge Street properties. It is possible that the<br />
wall be constructed by sheet piling, and will be <strong>of</strong>fset from the existing river wall by approximately 2 to<br />
3 m in the river direction. Where feasible, the flood defence wall will be constructed along the existing<br />
quay edge. Should works encroach significantly in to the river, then works will be completed on the<br />
opposite river bank to compensate for volume <strong>of</strong> river lost. Approximately 12 m <strong>of</strong> flood wall along the<br />
southern bank <strong>of</strong> the river, located 62 m upstream <strong>of</strong> the new footbridge at Levis Quay. The height <strong>of</strong><br />
the masonry faced reinforced concrete wall is to be approximately 1.7 m in relation to the level <strong>of</strong> the<br />
adjacent property and yard. This area <strong>of</strong> the river bank was impacted by the manholes and pipes<br />
installed during the sewerage scheme. The cover levels <strong>of</strong> these manholes will be approximately 2 m<br />
lower than the height <strong>of</strong> the proposed flood wall. No potential archaeological or architectural heritage<br />
features were noted during the desktop study, underwater archaeological assessment and field<br />
inspection <strong>of</strong> the area to be impacted by these proposed works.<br />
As noted in the underwater archaeological survey report, the section <strong>of</strong> the river to the rear <strong>of</strong> North<br />
Street is fronted on the eastern side by a narrow strip <strong>of</strong> densely overgrown ground, which in turn is<br />
bounded by the boundary walls <strong>of</strong> North Street properties (Appendix 12.6 Underwater<br />
Archaeological Assessment). Since the completion <strong>of</strong> the underwater survey this section <strong>of</strong> the east<br />
bank has been impacted by sewerage pipes and concrete manholes that have become obscured with<br />
overgrowth (Plate 12.11 in Appendix 12.1 Photographic Record). The overgrown, earthen west<br />
bank in this area slopes steeply down to the river (Plate 12.10 in Appendix 12.1 Photographic<br />
Record) and the adjacent land at this section <strong>of</strong> the west bank comprises an overgrown, unenclosed<br />
marshy area. It is proposed to construct approximately 210 m <strong>of</strong> embankment, floodwall and stone<br />
revetment along the eastern bank <strong>of</strong> the river to the rear <strong>of</strong> North Street. The top <strong>of</strong> the flood defence<br />
wall will be approximately 1.2 – 1.8 m higher than the level <strong>of</strong> the existing yards in this area. The<br />
overall width <strong>of</strong> the flood defences along this stretch <strong>of</strong> river is approximately 9.5 m, which<br />
encroaches into the river. The volume <strong>of</strong> river which is lost on the eastern bank is to be compensated<br />
for on the western bank by widening <strong>of</strong> the river channel over this length <strong>of</strong> works. There were no<br />
potential archaeological features noted in this area during the 2004 underwater archaeological<br />
assessment, the desktop study or during the field inspection carried out as part <strong>of</strong> the present<br />
assessment. The properties along North Street are listed as protected structures in the Skibbereen<br />
Town Development Plan. The footprint <strong>of</strong> the proposed scheme will not impact on any <strong>of</strong> these<br />
protected structures and will not require the removal or alteration <strong>of</strong> any associated curtilage features,<br />
such as garden walls (E12 on Section C01 – 160 on DG 0213 as submitted with the scheme).<br />
The western half <strong>of</strong> the proposed scheme will impact along the south bank <strong>of</strong> the section <strong>of</strong> the River<br />
Ilen that broadly flows east-west to the north <strong>of</strong> Bridge Street. The underwater archaeological survey<br />
noted that the southern side <strong>of</strong> the river in this area consisted primarily <strong>of</strong> residential plots fronting<br />
directly onto the river. These had a very short riverbank area on which no archaeological material was<br />
noted. A large modern stone built wall was noted throughout the middle section <strong>of</strong> this area and has<br />
become obscured by overgrowth (Plate 12.13 in Appendix 12.1 Photographic Record). This large<br />
modern structure was built directly onto the riverbed and it appears that its construction may have<br />
removed any possible archaeological remains that may have been present in the area. Two potential<br />
remains <strong>of</strong> what appeared to be small quay type structures were noted during the underwater<br />
archaeological survey on the southern banks in the area to the east <strong>of</strong> the railway bridge. This section<br />
<strong>of</strong> the river bank was impacted by the construction <strong>of</strong> the sewerage pipe in 2008 and no traces <strong>of</strong> the<br />
potential quays were noted during the site survey (Plate 12.12 in Appendix 12.1 Photographic<br />
Record). The West Cork Hotel (RPS 151) and the properties along Bridge Street are listed as<br />
protected structures, although the Bridge Street properties in this area do not extend to the river. The<br />
footprint <strong>of</strong> the proposed scheme will not impact on any <strong>of</strong> these protected structures and will not<br />
require the removal or alteration <strong>of</strong> any associated curtilage features.<br />
The section <strong>of</strong> the river bank to the west <strong>of</strong> John F Kennedy Bridge is lined with a low drystone<br />
revetment and this appears to be associated with the remains <strong>of</strong> Steam Mill Quay (Plate 12.14 in<br />
Appendix 12.1 Photographic Record). This former quay was constructed in the second half <strong>of</strong> the<br />
19 th century and is not listed in the RPS or RMP. A combination <strong>of</strong> approximately 135 m <strong>of</strong> floodwall<br />
and embankment is proposed along the southern bank <strong>of</strong> the river, located adjacent to The Flax Mills.<br />
The wall/embankment will be approximately 1.1 m high in relation to the level <strong>of</strong> the adjacent access<br />
road around The Flax Mills houses. It is envisioned that the existing riverbank drystone revetment at<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 12-15 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
this location will be retained as part <strong>of</strong> the proposed scheme. The Heritage Centre, which is located<br />
behind the west end <strong>of</strong> the proposed flood defences in this area, is listed as a protected structure in<br />
the town development plan. The footprint <strong>of</strong> the proposed scheme will not impact on this protected<br />
structure and will not require the removal or alteration <strong>of</strong> any associated curtilage features.<br />
River Ilen: Western/Northern Floodplain<br />
The lines <strong>of</strong> the proposed embankments within the margins <strong>of</strong> the floodplain to the north and west <strong>of</strong><br />
the river were also inspected in July 2012. It is proposed to construct approximately 420 m <strong>of</strong> flood<br />
embankment along the southern side <strong>of</strong> the Skibbereen Relief Road. The embankment will be<br />
approximately 300 – 600 mm high in relation to the level <strong>of</strong> the adjacent Relief Road (Plate 12.15 in<br />
Appendix 12.1 Photographic Record). This area was archaeologically tested in advance <strong>of</strong> the road<br />
construction and nothing <strong>of</strong> significance was encountered (Appendix 12.5 Summaries <strong>of</strong><br />
Archaeological Investigations within Study Area). A 709 m long embankment will be constructed<br />
along the south side <strong>of</strong> the section <strong>of</strong> the Schull Road to the west <strong>of</strong> the roundabout at the west<br />
terminal <strong>of</strong> the relief road and will extend to John F. Kennedy Bridge. The embankment will vary from<br />
approximately 1.2 to 1.8 m high in relation to the level <strong>of</strong> the adjacent Schull Road. This area is on the<br />
former line <strong>of</strong> the railway and is colonised by reeds and gorse that flank the road margin in this area<br />
(Plate 12.16 in Appendix 12.1). Between the western bank <strong>of</strong> the River Ilen and the rear <strong>of</strong> the<br />
industrial premises along Marsh Road, it is proposed to construct approximately 547 m <strong>of</strong><br />
embankment. The height <strong>of</strong> the embankment will vary from approximately 1.4 to 2 m high in relation<br />
to the level <strong>of</strong> the adjacent industrial premises. These embankments will impact on the margins <strong>of</strong> a<br />
number <strong>of</strong> large pasture fields that extend to the west bank <strong>of</strong> the river (Plate 12.7 in Appendix 12.1<br />
Photographic Record). Nothing <strong>of</strong> cultural heritage significance was noted during the inspection <strong>of</strong><br />
the proposed areas to be impacted by the embankments in this area.<br />
River Ilen: Eastern/Southern Floodplain<br />
The proposed works in the south end <strong>of</strong> this area will involve the construction <strong>of</strong> embankments along<br />
the margins <strong>of</strong> two sports pitches situated on the north and south sides <strong>of</strong> the relief road (Plate 12.18<br />
in Appendix 12.1 Photographic Record). The proposed scheme will entail the construction <strong>of</strong><br />
embankments along the margins <strong>of</strong> these sports grounds. Between the eastern bank <strong>of</strong> the River Ilen<br />
and Cork Road, it is proposed to construct approximately 313 m <strong>of</strong> embankment in the sports grounds<br />
<strong>of</strong> the school. The embankment will be approximately 1.25-1.8 m high in relation to the level <strong>of</strong> the<br />
adjacent sports pitches. Between the eastern bank <strong>of</strong> the River Ilen and Mill Road approximately 424<br />
m <strong>of</strong> flood embankment from 70 m north <strong>of</strong> the Showgrounds stream to the Rugby Club property. The<br />
height <strong>of</strong> the flood defence embankment will be approximately 1.8 – 2.4 m above the levels in the<br />
adjacent fields. IIt is proposed to construct approximately 300 m <strong>of</strong> masonry face reinforced concrete<br />
floodwall around the grounds <strong>of</strong> Skibbereen Rugby Club and to the rear <strong>of</strong> the properties to the north<br />
<strong>of</strong> the rugby club. The floodwall will be approximately 1.5 to 1.8 m high in relation to the level <strong>of</strong> the<br />
adjacent rugby pitch and back gardens. There were no potential archaeological or architectural<br />
heritage features noted during the inspection <strong>of</strong> the landscaped sport pitches located within the<br />
section <strong>of</strong> the floodplain to be impacted by these works. Nothing <strong>of</strong> archaeological significance was<br />
encountered during test trenching <strong>of</strong> the section <strong>of</strong> the relief road that extends through the land<br />
between the two sports grounds. Approximately 308 m <strong>of</strong> flood wall along the eastern bank <strong>of</strong> the<br />
river, located in two pasture fields between the confluence <strong>of</strong> the River Ilen with the Showgrounds<br />
Stream and Skibbereen County Hospital. The masonry faced reinforced concrete wall will be<br />
approximately 1 to 1.5 m high in relation to the level <strong>of</strong> the adjacent Mill Road.<br />
The following works are proposed for the area around the Showgrounds to the east <strong>of</strong> the Mill Road.<br />
Approximately 48 m <strong>of</strong> concrete culvert will be constructed between the River Ilen flood defence<br />
embankment/wall and will extend under the Mill Road and terminate on the eastern side <strong>of</strong> the road.<br />
Approximately 15 m <strong>of</strong> flood embankment will be constructed along the eastern side <strong>of</strong> Mill Road. The<br />
embankment, will be located within open field and shall tie into existing high ground levels locally.<br />
The embankment will be approximately 1.6 m high in relation to the level <strong>of</strong> the adjacent road.<br />
Approximately 250 m <strong>of</strong> flood embankment will be constructed along the southern bank <strong>of</strong> the stream<br />
along the north boundary <strong>of</strong> the Showgrounds (Plate 12.19 in Appendix 12.1 Photographic<br />
Record). The embankment will be approximately 1.5 m high in relation to the level <strong>of</strong> the adjacent<br />
grounds. At the eastern end <strong>of</strong> this embankment, a masonry faced reinforced concrete floodwall shall<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 12-16 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
extend across the stream crossing and approximately 77 m north <strong>of</strong> the Showground stream,<br />
approximately 1.2 m high relative to the adjacent road. Approximately 223 m <strong>of</strong> embankment will be<br />
constructed running perpendicular to the stream along the roadside boundary <strong>of</strong> the Lurriga Road,<br />
and to the rear <strong>of</strong> a private property at the Cork Road/Lurriga Road junction. The height <strong>of</strong> the<br />
embankment will vary from approximately 1.1 to 1.5 m in relation to the level <strong>of</strong> the adjacent road.<br />
There were no potential archaeological or architectural heritage features noted during the inspection<br />
<strong>of</strong> the area to be impacted by these proposed works.<br />
The confluence <strong>of</strong> the Mill Race stream with the River Ilen in the townland <strong>of</strong> Lurriga will be impacted<br />
by the northernmost section <strong>of</strong> floodwall proposed as part <strong>of</strong> the scheme. Beginning at the confluence<br />
and travelling upstream, the following flood defences are proposed along the Mill Race stream: The<br />
downstream section <strong>of</strong> the existing Mill Race will be culverted over approximately 60 m upstream from<br />
the Mill Road road crossing, parallel to a local road, and culverted under this local roadway. The Mill<br />
Race will be diverted from its existing road crossing to this new crossing. Approximately 110 m <strong>of</strong><br />
embankment will be constructed to run parallel to the new Mill Race route. The height <strong>of</strong> the<br />
embankment, which will be constructed in fields, will vary from approximately 1.8 to 2.0 m in relation<br />
to the level <strong>of</strong> the adjacent local road. The stream in this area is indicated as a looped <strong>of</strong>fshoot <strong>of</strong> the<br />
River Ilen on the OS maps and, although not labelled as such, appears to have been a short millrace<br />
associated with Lurriga Mill located outside the north end <strong>of</strong> the scheme. The overgrown wooded area<br />
through which the shallow stream meanders was inspected and no features <strong>of</strong> cultural heritage<br />
interest were noted (Plate 12.20 in Appendix 12.1 Photographic Record).<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 12-17 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
12.4 POTENTIAL IMPACTS<br />
12.4.1 Construction<br />
In general terms, the flood relief measures have been designed to avoid impacts on known cultural<br />
heritage sites. The scheme will entail a series <strong>of</strong> direct impacts within the channels and along the<br />
banks <strong>of</strong> the River Ilen and its tributaries and also within the adjacent floodplains. In-stream works are<br />
proposed at John F. Kennedy Bridge and in the Caol Stream, where a walled channel is to be<br />
installed/constructed in the section <strong>of</strong> the watercourse through Super Valu carpark. The remainder <strong>of</strong><br />
the proposed works primarily consist <strong>of</strong> the construction <strong>of</strong> flood defences adjacent to the river banks.<br />
Where possible, the flood defences are located away from the river’s edge to avoid encroachment<br />
into the river channel. The nature <strong>of</strong> these impacts is incorporated into the Site Survey section <strong>of</strong> this<br />
chapter (Section 12.3.4 above). None <strong>of</strong> these measures will directly impact on any protected sites<br />
listed in the Record <strong>of</strong> Monuments and Places (RMP) or in the Record <strong>of</strong> Protected Structures (RPS).<br />
The proposed works along the River Ilen banks will extend to the rear <strong>of</strong> a number <strong>of</strong> street-front<br />
buildings on North Street and Bridge Street that are listed in the RPS. The flood defences will not<br />
extend into the property boundaries <strong>of</strong> any <strong>of</strong> these buildings or involve the removal or alteration <strong>of</strong><br />
any curtilage features. The Railway Bridge (RPS 152), the West Cork Hotel (RPS 151) and the<br />
Heritage Centre (RPS 153), and their associated curtilage features, will not be impacted by the<br />
proposed scheme. The riverside flood defences will not remove or impinge on any views to protected<br />
buildings from the surrounding streetscape within the town centre or hinterland. It is noted that this<br />
outcome in keeping with policy TM1-4 <strong>of</strong> the Skibbereen Town Development Plan which states that<br />
developments contiguous to protected structures must have “no adverse impacts on the character or<br />
integrity <strong>of</strong> the protected structure, or views to and from it”.<br />
The Caol Stream section <strong>of</strong> the scheme extends through the centre <strong>of</strong> the Skibbereen Architectural<br />
Conservation Area. The south end <strong>of</strong> the stream extends through the modern Super Valu shopping<br />
centre development while the sides <strong>of</strong> the channel to the north are presently lined with modern<br />
masonry. The flood defences along the section <strong>of</strong> the River Ilen within the ACA will be located behind<br />
the north side <strong>of</strong> the street-front buildings and will not be visible from the majority <strong>of</strong> the ACA. Given<br />
the existing modern nature <strong>of</strong> the Caol channel within the town and the lack <strong>of</strong> visibility <strong>of</strong> the riverside<br />
section <strong>of</strong> the River Ilen defences, it is concluded that the proposed scheme will not negatively impact<br />
on the existing nature, scale or character <strong>of</strong> the Skibbereen ACA. The proposed scheme has the<br />
potential to positively impact on both the ACA and the protected structures therein through the<br />
reduction <strong>of</strong> flood events that may negatively impact on the streetscape and ground floor fixtures and<br />
fittings within protected structures.<br />
As noted many sections <strong>of</strong> the Ilen and Caol channels and banks that will be impacted by the<br />
proposed scheme were previously impacted by the 2008 sewerage scheme. The section <strong>of</strong> the Caol<br />
Stream within the town has also been recently impacted by widening and cleaning works undertaken<br />
as part <strong>of</strong> a stream enhancement project. Nonetheless, there remains the potential for negative<br />
impacts on any unrecorded archaeological features and artefacts that may exist within or adjacent to<br />
the watercourses.<br />
The former sites <strong>of</strong> a number <strong>of</strong> 19 th Century quays have been previously identified along the line <strong>of</strong><br />
the proposed flood relief defences on the south bank <strong>of</strong> the River Ilen. These comprised simple<br />
structures <strong>of</strong> random rubble stone-lining along the river banks and were described as being in derelict<br />
condition in the past decade. They are not included as protected structures in the RMP, RPS or NIAH.<br />
The nature <strong>of</strong> the impact <strong>of</strong> the 2008 sewerage scheme on the location <strong>of</strong> many <strong>of</strong> these quays is<br />
unknown but appears to have been negative and pr<strong>of</strong>ound. There are still visible traces <strong>of</strong> sections <strong>of</strong><br />
drystone revetment along the river bank at the site <strong>of</strong> Steam Mill Quay and on the west side <strong>of</strong> Levis<br />
Quay. It is envisioned that the remains <strong>of</strong> these former quay sites will not be impacted by the<br />
proposed drainage scheme.<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 12-18 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
The construction <strong>of</strong> flood defence walls/embankments represents a direct impact on the ground<br />
surfaces affected that may contain unrecorded, sub-surface features and artefacts <strong>of</strong> archaeological<br />
interest. Where this is the case, archaeological mitigation can be anticipated in advance <strong>of</strong> any<br />
wall/embankments constructions proceeding, to ensure that an adequate record is made <strong>of</strong> the impact<br />
footprint. Typically such work would be limited to the footprint required for ground surface stripping<br />
and may entail pre-construction test trenching or monitoring <strong>of</strong> topsoil removal during the construction<br />
phase.<br />
Table 12.1: List <strong>of</strong> Identified Archaeological Sites Within the Study Area and Potential Scheme<br />
<strong>Impact</strong>s<br />
Status &<br />
Reference<br />
RMP<br />
CO141-032---<br />
RMP<br />
CO141-<br />
045001<br />
RMP<br />
CO141-085---<br />
RMP<br />
CO141-086--<br />
RMP<br />
CO141-087---<br />
RMP<br />
CO141-088---<br />
RMP<br />
CO141-089---<br />
RMP<br />
CO141-092---<br />
RMP<br />
CO141-093---<br />
RMP<br />
CO141-094---<br />
RMP<br />
CO141-140---<br />
Classification Townland ITM E ITM N<br />
Approx.<br />
distance from<br />
scheme<br />
<strong>Impact</strong><br />
Redundant Curragh 111960 34725 240 m to east Neutral<br />
Record<br />
Country House Lurriga 112598 34712 30 m to south Neutral<br />
Holy well Abbeystrowry 110900 34050 300 m to west Neutral<br />
Ringfort Abbeystrowry 110953 34394 300 m to<br />
northwest<br />
Neutral<br />
Standing stone Abbeystrowry 111044 34350 210 m to Neutral<br />
northwest<br />
Ringfort Abbeystrowry 111167 34320 152 m to north Neutral<br />
Souterrain Abbeystrowry 112692 34378 100 m to south Neutral<br />
Graveyard Gortnaclohy 112459 33560 216 m to east Neutral<br />
Graveyard Gortnaclohy 112608 33459 252 m to east Neutral<br />
Castle (site) Gortnaclohy 112812 32860 282 m to east Neutral<br />
Souterrain Lurriga 112514 34729 90 m to<br />
southeast<br />
Neutral<br />
Table 12.2: List <strong>of</strong> architectural heritage sites in close vicinity to scheme and potential impacts<br />
Status &<br />
Reference<br />
Classificatio<br />
n<br />
Townland ITM E ITM N<br />
Approx.<br />
distance from<br />
scheme<br />
Potential <strong>Impact</strong><br />
RPS 152 Rail Bridge Coronea 111925 33845 0 m Indirect, Neutral,<br />
Slight<br />
None Steam mill<br />
quay<br />
Coronea 111879 33848 0 m Indirect, Neutral,<br />
Slight<br />
None Levis Quay Gortnaclohy 112109 33695 0 m Indirect, Neutral,<br />
Slight<br />
None Long Quay<br />
(site <strong>of</strong>)<br />
None<br />
None<br />
Minihane’s<br />
Quay (site <strong>of</strong>)<br />
Chapel Quay<br />
(site <strong>of</strong>)<br />
Gortnaclohy 111775 33676 0 m Unknown, area<br />
overgrown and<br />
obscured by<br />
sewerage scheme<br />
Gortnaclohy 112251 33801 0 m Unknown, area<br />
overgrown and<br />
obscured by<br />
sewerage scheme<br />
Gortnaclohy 112313 33945 0 m Unknown, area<br />
overgrown and<br />
obscured by<br />
sewerage scheme<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 12-19 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
12.4.2 Operational Stage<br />
No impacts are identified during the operational stage <strong>of</strong> the proposed drainage scheme.<br />
12.5 MITIGATION MEASURES<br />
12.5.1 Construction Stage -General Mitigation<br />
Proposed mitigation measures are presented as recommendations as they are subject to the approval<br />
<strong>of</strong> the Department <strong>of</strong> the Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.<br />
The design development <strong>of</strong> the proposed scheme has endeavoured to minimise the impact on the<br />
known and potential archaeological and architectural heritage resource wherever possible. Where it<br />
has not been possible to avoid potential adverse impacts on unrecorded (unknown) cultural heritage<br />
features, mitigation measures are proposed below. All mitigation measures, both at pre-construction<br />
and construction phases, will be undertaken in compliance with national policy guidance and statutory<br />
provisions for the protection <strong>of</strong> the archaeological, architectural and cultural heritage resource.<br />
The exact design for all elements <strong>of</strong> the proposed scheme will be finalised in the pre-construction<br />
phase and it is envisioned that consultation between the project archaeologist appointed to the<br />
scheme, the design team and the National Monuments Service will be carried out on an on-going<br />
basis.<br />
It is recommended that any ancillary construction works located outside the boundary <strong>of</strong> the proposed<br />
scheme, including site compounds, haul roads and spoil retention should be subject to a Cultural<br />
Heritage <strong>Impact</strong> Assessment.<br />
12.5.2 Recommended Mitigation Measures Construction Stage<br />
The combination <strong>of</strong> desktop reviews and site surveys has demonstrated that there are no recorded<br />
archaeological sites within the development footprint for the River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage<br />
Scheme. The former sites <strong>of</strong> a number <strong>of</strong> 19 th Century quays have been identified along the south<br />
bank <strong>of</strong> the River Ilen. These comprise sections <strong>of</strong> random rubble quays along the river bank at the<br />
site <strong>of</strong> Steam Quay Mill and Levis Quay. As noted above, these quays are not protected structures<br />
but are noted as features <strong>of</strong> historical interest in the town development plan. It is envisioned that<br />
these features will be retained as part <strong>of</strong> the scheme. However, in the event <strong>of</strong> any potential impacts<br />
on these quay structures, it is recommended that they be subject to archaeological survey in advance<br />
<strong>of</strong> construction in order to ensure their preservation by record. Archaeological survey will provide<br />
metrically accurate measured plans, elevations and related drawings supported by photographic<br />
record <strong>of</strong> the structural features extant at each site. Such work would focus on those locations where<br />
potential impacts are likely to occur, and will provide a complete record <strong>of</strong> these features prior to<br />
construction.<br />
The ground reduction works required for the construction <strong>of</strong> flood defence walls and embankments<br />
may impact on unrecorded sub-surface archaeological remains. It is recommended that, where<br />
feasible, pre-construction archaeological test trenching should be carried out on the footprint <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Greenfield areas to be impacted. In the event that areas are unavailable for investigation during the<br />
pre-construction phase it is recommended that archaeological monitoring <strong>of</strong> works be undertaken<br />
during the construction phase.<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 12-20 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
In-stream works are proposed at John F. Kennedy Bridge and in the Caol Stream. The section <strong>of</strong> the<br />
river bed to be impacted by re-grading works in the vicinity <strong>of</strong> the John F. Kennedy Bridge was<br />
previously the subject <strong>of</strong> an underwater archaeological survey and nothing <strong>of</strong> significance was<br />
identified. The section <strong>of</strong> the Caol Stream to be impacted has been impacted by recent sewage and<br />
stream cleaning schemes. The proposed scheme has been designed, where possible, to avoid<br />
impacts on the river banks. It is recommended that all extraction works that may impact on the river<br />
bed and its banks be carried out under constant archaeological supervision.<br />
It is recommended that pre-construction site investigation ground works, such as the excavation <strong>of</strong><br />
trial-pits, should be carried out under archaeological supervision.<br />
Additional archaeological mitigation may arise following the mitigations outlined above. This may<br />
involve the full excavation or avoidance <strong>of</strong> any archaeologically significant material uncovered during<br />
site investigations.<br />
All onsite archaeological measures are subject to archaeological licensing by the Department <strong>of</strong> Arts,<br />
Heritage and the Gaeltacht. Sufficient lead-time must be allowed to ensure that archaeological<br />
permits and licences are in place before the archaeologists can present on site and related works<br />
commence. It is strongly recommended that lead times not less than six weeks are factored into the<br />
project schedules to ensure there are no delays on this count.<br />
12.6 RESIDUAL IMPACTS<br />
No residual impacts are envisaged, as all archaeological, architectural and cultural heritage issues will<br />
be resolved at the pre-construction and construction stages <strong>of</strong> the development. The reduction <strong>of</strong><br />
flooding events has the potential to have an on-going positive impact on the protected structures<br />
within the ACA in the town centre.<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 12-21 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
13 SOILS, GEOLOGY, HYDROLOGY AND HYDROGEOLOGY<br />
13.1 INTRODUCTION<br />
This Chapter <strong>of</strong> the EIS provides information on the existing soils, geology, hydrology and<br />
hydrogeology <strong>of</strong> the study area and discusses the potential impacts arising from the construction and<br />
operation <strong>of</strong> the proposed Drainage Scheme. In the event <strong>of</strong> impacts being identified suitable<br />
mitigation measures have been proposed where possible. The assessment <strong>of</strong> impacts is based on<br />
the proposed flood relief works as described in Chapter 2 Project Description:-<br />
• Embankments & flood walls;<br />
• Localised channel widening;<br />
• Non-return valves on existing culvert crossings;<br />
• Pumping stations;<br />
• Culverts; and<br />
• Local drainage<br />
No significant difficulties were encountered in the compilation <strong>of</strong> this chapter.<br />
13.2 METHODOLOGY<br />
The assessment was undertaken in accordance with the following guidance documents:<br />
• Guidelines On Information to be Contained in <strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong>s (<strong>Environmental</strong><br />
Protection Agency, 2002);<br />
• Advice Notes on Current Practice in the preparation <strong>of</strong> <strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong>s<br />
(<strong>Environmental</strong> Protection Agency, 2002); and<br />
• Geology in <strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong>s, A Guide (Institute <strong>of</strong> Geologists <strong>of</strong> Ireland, 2002).<br />
13.2.1 Desktop Review<br />
A desk top review <strong>of</strong> the available information was undertaken to provide the baseline assessment for<br />
the existing environment supplemented by data obtained during the site investigation phases<br />
undertaken between 1998 and 2012. The desk study phase comprised a review <strong>of</strong> the following:<br />
• The Geological Survey <strong>of</strong> Ireland (www.gsi.ie online mapping);<br />
• Geology <strong>of</strong> West Cork, 1:100,000 Bedrock Geology Map Sheet 24 (GSI, 2002);<br />
• Review <strong>of</strong> GSI 6” historical bedrock field sheets and OSI maps;<br />
• South Cork Groundwater Protection Scheme Report (GSI, May 2002);<br />
• EPA online mapping;<br />
• GSI areas <strong>of</strong> geological heritage;<br />
• Cork County Development Plan (2009 -2015);<br />
• Cork County Council Planning Department – Quarry Resister;<br />
• Site investigation Data 1998 to 2012; and<br />
• RPS Hydrology Report MCW0626Rp021.<br />
The baseline information was then used to assess the potential impact <strong>of</strong> the Drainage Scheme on<br />
the soils, geology, hydrology and hydrogeology within the study area. Where possible mitigation<br />
measures have been proposed to ensure that any potential impacts identified can be mitigated during<br />
the construction and operational phase.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 13-1 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
13.2.2 Field Assessment and Site Investigation<br />
Information on the soils, geology, hydrology and hydrogeology <strong>of</strong> the study area has been obtained<br />
from the Geological Survey <strong>of</strong> Ireland website and suplemented by the data sources outlined<br />
previously. Considerable site investigation data is available from within the study area based on an<br />
number <strong>of</strong> site investigations which have taken place in 1998, 2003, 2008 and 2012. A detailed<br />
discussion <strong>of</strong> the site investigation information is provided in Section 13.2.3 <strong>of</strong> this chapter and a<br />
summary <strong>of</strong> the results are presented in the summary tables in Appendix 13.1 S.I. Investigation<br />
Report.<br />
A review <strong>of</strong> the available site investigation data (1998 to 2012) was undertaken by RPS in February<br />
2012 to identify any areas in the vicinity <strong>of</strong> the proposed flood relief structures where additional site<br />
investigation was required in order to complete the preliminary design. The site investigations in May<br />
2012 were concentrated in areas where data gaps were identified. It is also proposed that further<br />
detailed site investigation works will be undertaken in advance <strong>of</strong> the detailed design being finalised<br />
prior to the construction works commencing. The results <strong>of</strong> all <strong>of</strong> the available ground investigations<br />
to date have been included in this assessment. A number <strong>of</strong> site investigations were undertaken<br />
within the study area between 1988 and 2012 and are summarised below.<br />
13.2.3 Site Investigation<br />
2012 Investigations<br />
These investiagtions were undertaken by Priority Geotechnical Ltd. The 2012 field investigations<br />
included the excavation <strong>of</strong> 11 no. trial pits (CTP1 to CTP11) in the vicinity <strong>of</strong> the proposed works to fill<br />
data gaps from the earlier investigations.<br />
1998 Site Investigations<br />
These site investigations were undertaken by Geotech Specialists Ltd and involved the following<br />
works:<br />
• 44 no. cable percusion boreholes;<br />
• 40 no. trial pits;<br />
• 9 no. coreholes;<br />
• 14 no. probes with hand auger;<br />
• Seismic Refraction Survey; and<br />
• Standpipe piezometers installed in 6 no. boreholes to monitoring groundwater conditions.<br />
2004 Site Investigations<br />
This geotechnical ground investigation contract was undertaken between April and August 2004 to<br />
provide information for the Skibbereen Sewerage Scheme – Collection System. The investigations<br />
were undertaken by Marine Geotechnical and comprised <strong>of</strong> the following:<br />
• 23 no. cable percussion boreholes to depths <strong>of</strong> 0.70 m and 25.00 m;<br />
• 108 standard penetration tests;<br />
• 9 no. shear vane tests;<br />
• 13 no. falling head tests;<br />
• 80 no. sealed distrubed samples;<br />
• 111 no. bulk distrubed samples;<br />
• 13 no. water samples;<br />
• 17 no. rotary boreholes;<br />
• Standpipe piezoemeters installed in 19 no. cable percussion boreholes and 3 no. rotary;<br />
borehole to monitor groundwater conditions;<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 13-2 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
• 44 no. trial pits to a max depth <strong>of</strong> 4.50m;<br />
• 55 no. slit trenches;<br />
• 19 no. cone penetration tests; and<br />
• 2 no. step tests at Marsh Field and Fields Carpark.<br />
2008 Irish Drilling Report (June 2008) Report No.: 85113R001EL Cone Penetration Tests<br />
This report involved undertaking Cone Penetrating Tesing – 9 no. electric Piezocone Penetration Tests<br />
(CPTU’s) to a maximum depth <strong>of</strong> 23.31m or refusal.<br />
2012 Site Investigations Priority Drilling Ltd.<br />
The site investigations were undertaken by Priority Geotechnical Ltd and involved the following works:<br />
• 11 no. trial pits (CTP1 to CTP11).<br />
• 2 no. boreholes.<br />
• Standpipe piezometers installed in 2 no. boreholes to monitor groundwater conditions in an<br />
area between Bridge Street and North Street.<br />
A summary <strong>of</strong> the results <strong>of</strong> the investigations <strong>of</strong> soil, subsoil and bedrock geology is provided in the<br />
Section 13.3.1.<br />
13.2.4 Evaluations<br />
The potential impacts have been assessed as per the assessment criteria outlined in “Guidelines On<br />
the Information To be Contained In <strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong>s” EPA, 2002. Where possible in<br />
the EIS the baseline and potential impacts on the Caol Stream and River Ilen have been discussed<br />
separately. The preparation <strong>of</strong> the EIS follows on from the completion <strong>of</strong> the Constraints Study which<br />
was completed in July 2011. No key constraints were identified during the Constraints Study in<br />
relation to soils, geology, hydrogeology and hydrogeology. A number <strong>of</strong> potential impacts were<br />
identified during the constraints study stage and these have been considered further within the EIS<br />
stage and appropriate mitigation measures have been recommended where possible.<br />
In accordance with the EPA guidance the impacts have been assessed as positive, neutral or<br />
negative while the magnitudes have been assessed in accordance with the EPA criteria as outlined in<br />
Table 13.1.<br />
Table 13.1: Assessment <strong>of</strong> Magnitude <strong>of</strong> <strong>Impact</strong><br />
Magnitude <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>Impact</strong><br />
Imperceptible<br />
Slight<br />
Moderate<br />
Significant<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>ound<br />
Description<br />
An impact capable <strong>of</strong> measurement but without noticeable consequences.<br />
An impact that alters the character <strong>of</strong> the environment without affecting its<br />
sensitivities.<br />
An impact that alters the character <strong>of</strong> the environment in a manner that is<br />
consistent with existing or emerging trends.<br />
An impact, which by its character, magnitude, duration or intensity alters a<br />
sensitive aspect <strong>of</strong> the environment.<br />
An impact which obliterates all previous sensitive characteristics.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 13-3 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
The duration <strong>of</strong> the impacts has been assessed as follows:<br />
• Temporary (construction related and lasting less than one year).<br />
• Short-term (lasting 1 to 7 years).<br />
• Medium-term (lasting between 7 to 15 years).<br />
• Long- term (lasting 15 to 60 years).<br />
• Permanent (lasting over 60 years).<br />
13.3 EXISTING ENVIRONMENT<br />
13.3.1 Soils & Subsoils<br />
Soil<br />
Information on the soils and subsoils in the study area is available from the EPA and GSI online<br />
mapping and the site investigations undertaken within the study area between 1998 and 2012. The<br />
extract from EPA soils data map for the study area is illustrated on Figure 13.1. The area in the<br />
immediate vicinity <strong>of</strong> the town to the south and south east <strong>of</strong> the River Ilen is composed <strong>of</strong> Made<br />
Ground. The area adjacent to the River Ilen is mapped as being underlain by alluvium (AlluvMin) in<br />
the Marsh area and on the east side <strong>of</strong> the River Ilen in the area west <strong>of</strong> the R593. To the south east<br />
<strong>of</strong> the town there is also an area <strong>of</strong> alluvium in the vicinity <strong>of</strong> the Caol Stream. To the east <strong>of</strong> the town<br />
in the Gortnaclohy area and west <strong>of</strong> the town in the New Bridge area the soil is deep well drained<br />
mineral soil composed <strong>of</strong> acid brown earths / brown podzolics (AminDW). There are also some minor<br />
areas <strong>of</strong> lithosols / regosols (AminSW) in the area where rock is close to the surface resulting in<br />
shallow well drained mineral soil but these areas are outside <strong>of</strong> the flood defence works.<br />
The site investigations confirm the presence <strong>of</strong> made ground in the vicinity <strong>of</strong> the town. The 2012<br />
investigations indicated top soil ranging in thickness from 0.10m to 0.40m with no topsoil present over<br />
some <strong>of</strong> the areas <strong>of</strong> fill.<br />
Sub Soil / Overburden<br />
The Quaternary Period covers the period from the beginning <strong>of</strong> the Ice Age (1.6 million years ago) to<br />
the present day. The quaternary deposits were deposited from either the ice sheets themselves<br />
(boulder clay) or from the melt waters associated with the ice (sorted deposits <strong>of</strong> gravel, sand, silt or<br />
clay). More recent deposits include river alluvium, beaches and blanket peat. Information on the<br />
overburden (Quaternary) geology is available from the Teagasc Subsoil Map which is available on<br />
both the EPA and the GSI websites. The extract from the Teagasc Subsoil map for the study area is<br />
shown on Figure 13.2.<br />
The map indicates the presence <strong>of</strong> alluvium deposits adjacent to the River Ilen (orange area). Moving<br />
away from the River Ilen the majority <strong>of</strong> the surrounding area in the north <strong>of</strong> the study area is<br />
underlain by sandstone till (TDSs) which is till derived chiefly from Devonian sandstones (red area).<br />
While the area to the south is underlain by sandstone and shale till (TDCSsS) which is till derived<br />
from mixed Devonian and Carboniferous rocks (pink area). There are areas <strong>of</strong> made ground in the<br />
vicinity <strong>of</strong> the town (blue areas). Areas where bedrock has been mapped as outcropping or being<br />
close to the surface are also indicated on the subsoil map (grey area). There are two minor areas <strong>of</strong><br />
glaci<strong>of</strong>luvial sands and gravels (GDSs) within the study area (green areas). Information on the<br />
overburden deposits is also available on the Historical GSI 6” field sheets.<br />
The data from the available site investigations carried out within the study area (1988 to 2012) has<br />
been reviewed. A comment in relation to the subsoil / overburden deposits in the vicinity <strong>of</strong> each <strong>of</strong><br />
the proposed structures is provided below. In general the investigations indicate the town is underlain<br />
by made ground ranging in depth from 0.10 m to a maximum depth <strong>of</strong> 3.20 m at Levis Quay. The<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 13-4 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
made ground is composed <strong>of</strong> crushed rock sub base which is underlain by natural material composed<br />
<strong>of</strong> silty gravelly fine to medium sands to a maximum depth <strong>of</strong> 2.00 m, medium dense to dense sandy<br />
gravels to a maximum depth <strong>of</strong> 4.00 m and very s<strong>of</strong>t to s<strong>of</strong>t bluish grey silt to a maximum depth <strong>of</strong><br />
11.85 m. The area surrounding the town is underlain by natural soils and occasional river deposits.<br />
Overburen is composed <strong>of</strong> a silty sandy topsoil to a max depth <strong>of</strong> 0.62 m underlain by gravelly fine to<br />
coarse sands to a max depth <strong>of</strong> 3.20 m, over very loose to dense silty sandy fine to coarse gravels<br />
with cobbles to a maximum depth <strong>of</strong> 6.20 m and very s<strong>of</strong>t to s<strong>of</strong>t silt to a maximum excavated depth <strong>of</strong><br />
8.50 mbgl. In the Marsh Field area the site investigation data indicates weathered topsoil to a depth<br />
<strong>of</strong> 0.80 m underlain by fine to medium sands to a maximum depth <strong>of</strong> 1.70 m, over loose to dense<br />
sandy fine to coarse gravels to a max depth <strong>of</strong> 6.20 m and very s<strong>of</strong>t light bluish grey silt to a maximum<br />
depth <strong>of</strong> 32.50 m. The overburden deposits in the vicinity <strong>of</strong> the proposed works are discussed below<br />
in terms <strong>of</strong> the individual relief structures.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 13-5 Rev. F01
HWM<br />
Estate<br />
2.3<br />
Riverdate<br />
11.6<br />
CF<br />
15.8<br />
CF<br />
9.1<br />
2.2 2.4<br />
A sumption Place<br />
Coronea Court<br />
5.6<br />
BLACKTHORN DRIVE<br />
12.9<br />
18.5<br />
UND<br />
14.7<br />
LS<br />
2.8<br />
Care Centre<br />
LS<br />
UPPER<br />
11.9<br />
The Moorings<br />
2.1<br />
BRIDGE<br />
STREET<br />
10kv<br />
The Flax Mills<br />
(1-18)<br />
11.8<br />
2.6<br />
2.5<br />
The Moorings<br />
10.7<br />
CF<br />
2.4<br />
2.5<br />
UND UND<br />
2.3<br />
RIVER ILEN<br />
9.6<br />
Sports Ground<br />
10kv<br />
2.4<br />
7.6<br />
2.2<br />
2.4<br />
10kv<br />
BM 2.83<br />
2.5<br />
10kv<br />
2.5<br />
John F<br />
Kennedy<br />
Bridge<br />
Hotel<br />
Church<br />
(C <strong>of</strong> I)<br />
2.5<br />
Mardyke Court<br />
(1-6)<br />
8.0<br />
STREET<br />
3.3<br />
Fire Station<br />
2.5<br />
2.9<br />
3.5<br />
3.5<br />
BM 3.29<br />
5.5<br />
Mart<br />
CS<br />
BRIDGE<br />
10kv<br />
UND<br />
CS<br />
CS<br />
STREET<br />
BM 4.47<br />
Sports Grounds<br />
3.4<br />
T<br />
CF<br />
3.0<br />
MAIN<br />
10kv<br />
NCT<br />
Centre<br />
2.5<br />
10KV<br />
2.2<br />
STREET<br />
CF<br />
2.2<br />
2.8<br />
Treatment<br />
Plant<br />
CS<br />
2.6<br />
FW<br />
THE<br />
SQUARE<br />
Town Hall<br />
T<br />
RIVER<br />
MARKET MARKET<br />
STREET<br />
2.6<br />
2.6<br />
2.5<br />
CS<br />
Sports Ground<br />
2.7<br />
CR<br />
UND<br />
Sports Ground<br />
Club House<br />
T<br />
Cathedral<br />
UND UND<br />
1.9<br />
The Rock<br />
Tank<br />
CS<br />
MI MI L L<br />
ROAD<br />
1.7<br />
School<br />
2.8<br />
SKIBBEREEN<br />
10 kv<br />
2.1<br />
Show Grounds<br />
School<br />
CS<br />
Sports Centre<br />
3.2<br />
Burial<br />
Ground<br />
School<br />
T<br />
3.5<br />
School<br />
30<br />
Souterrain<br />
(Site <strong>of</strong>)<br />
CR<br />
Hillcrest<br />
School<br />
T<br />
4.4<br />
3.8<br />
UND<br />
4.3<br />
Gaelscoil<br />
(site <strong>of</strong>)<br />
CS<br />
UND<br />
FF<br />
4.7<br />
4.8<br />
45.3<br />
UND<br />
10kv<br />
T<br />
CS<br />
FF<br />
7.5<br />
5.8<br />
49.3<br />
10kv<br />
CR<br />
10<br />
FF<br />
1<br />
6.2<br />
Tanks<br />
UND<br />
50.4<br />
Town Co Bdy<br />
Town Town Town Co Co Co B dy<br />
UND<br />
Town Co B dy<br />
ROAD ROAD<br />
Glencurragh<br />
CORK CORK<br />
Town Town Co B dy<br />
Area under development<br />
ILEN<br />
STREET STREET<br />
NORTH NORTH<br />
14 1<br />
STREET STREET<br />
ILEN<br />
ILEN STREET<br />
NORTH<br />
RIVER<br />
Ardcarrig<br />
2<br />
11 12<br />
BRIDGE STREET<br />
10<br />
1<br />
2<br />
Pound Hill<br />
ROAD<br />
ROAD<br />
ROSSA<br />
Gortnaclohy Drive<br />
TOWNSHEND<br />
TOWNSHEND STREET<br />
Caol Stream<br />
STREET STREET<br />
STREET<br />
MARDYKE MARDYKE<br />
37<br />
38<br />
Hawthorns<br />
43<br />
Mardyke Park<br />
27 28<br />
UND<br />
2<br />
1<br />
8<br />
9<br />
23<br />
24 26<br />
Area under<br />
construction<br />
61<br />
31<br />
32<br />
The Mills<br />
19<br />
46<br />
45<br />
Coronea<br />
10kv<br />
Drive<br />
Legend<br />
UND<br />
UND<br />
Soils<br />
UND<br />
Town Co Bdy<br />
Castle<br />
Area under construction<br />
Alluviums<br />
Deep poorly drained mineral<br />
Deep well drained mineral<br />
Abhainn Beag<br />
Miscellaneous<br />
Peats<br />
Poorly drained mineral soils with peaty topsoil<br />
Shallow well drained mineral<br />
Shallow, lithosolic-podzolic soils potentially wit<br />
19<br />
15<br />
14<br />
8<br />
9<br />
6<br />
5<br />
2<br />
1<br />
UND<br />
10kv<br />
CARRIGFADDA<br />
School<br />
UND<br />
10kv<br />
Town Co Bdy<br />
Innishmore,<br />
Ballincollig,<br />
Co Cork,<br />
Ireland<br />
T +353 21 4665900<br />
F +353 21 4873742<br />
E ireland@rpsgroup.com<br />
W rpsgroup.com/ireland<br />
Project<br />
River Ilen (Skibbereen)<br />
Drainage Scheme<br />
<br />
Issue Details<br />
Drawn by: T Hurley<br />
Checked by: A Fitzgerald<br />
Approved by: B Brice<br />
Project No. MCE0703<br />
File Ref.<br />
MCE0703Mi0016F01<br />
Scale:<br />
N.T.S.<br />
Drawing No.<br />
Rev.<br />
Client<br />
Cork<br />
County<br />
Council<br />
Title<br />
Figure<br />
13.1<br />
Soils Map<br />
0 50 100<br />
Kilometers<br />
Date:<br />
Notes<br />
April 2013 Mi0016 F01<br />
1. This drawing is the property <strong>of</strong> RPS Group Ltd. It is a<br />
confidential document and must not be copied, used,<br />
or its contents divulged without prior written consent.<br />
2. All levels are referred to Ordnance Datum, Malin Head.<br />
3. Ordnance Survey Ireland Licence EN 0005013<br />
©Copyright Government <strong>of</strong> Ireland.
FF<br />
35.1<br />
UND UND<br />
62.2<br />
Mast<br />
70.2<br />
UND<br />
12.7<br />
16<br />
CF<br />
20<br />
CF<br />
31.1<br />
15<br />
58.2<br />
CF<br />
21<br />
64.5<br />
5<br />
UND<br />
26<br />
Area Under Development<br />
Inis Álainn<br />
36<br />
1.4<br />
37<br />
25<br />
CF<br />
27.6<br />
28<br />
40<br />
BM 28.21<br />
9<br />
58.1<br />
Derrendangan<br />
Reservoir<br />
1<br />
15.6<br />
2<br />
Town Co Bdy<br />
15<br />
55.3<br />
CF<br />
T<br />
UND<br />
52.3<br />
UND<br />
23.5<br />
Newbridge Park<br />
38<br />
2.9<br />
49.6<br />
CF<br />
10kv<br />
19.6<br />
10kv<br />
2.3<br />
HWM<br />
16.2<br />
HWM<br />
2.3<br />
Riverdate<br />
Estate<br />
11.6<br />
CF<br />
CF<br />
15.8<br />
9.1<br />
2.2 2.4<br />
Coronea Court<br />
12.9<br />
18.5<br />
5.6<br />
UND<br />
14.7<br />
LS<br />
2.8<br />
Area under development<br />
Care Centre<br />
LS<br />
11.9<br />
The Moorings<br />
2.1<br />
10kv<br />
11.8<br />
2.6<br />
19<br />
2.5<br />
The Moorings<br />
10.7<br />
CF<br />
15<br />
14<br />
CF<br />
2.4<br />
8<br />
9<br />
6<br />
5<br />
2.5<br />
2.3<br />
Abhainn Beag<br />
2<br />
1<br />
9.6<br />
Sports Ground<br />
10kv<br />
10kv<br />
2.4<br />
7.6<br />
2.2<br />
2.4<br />
10kv<br />
BM 2.83<br />
2.5<br />
10kv<br />
T<br />
2.5<br />
2.5<br />
10kv<br />
8.0<br />
Mardyke Park<br />
10kv<br />
3.3<br />
BM 6.93<br />
2.5<br />
Fire Station<br />
Coronea<br />
Drive<br />
2.9<br />
CF<br />
6.2<br />
5.3<br />
3.5<br />
3.5<br />
4.2<br />
BM 3.29<br />
5.5<br />
5.0<br />
CS<br />
10kv<br />
CS<br />
CS<br />
BM 4.47<br />
3.4<br />
T<br />
CF<br />
3.0<br />
FF<br />
10kv<br />
2.5<br />
10KV<br />
2.2<br />
CF<br />
2.2<br />
2.8<br />
CS<br />
2.6<br />
FW<br />
T<br />
UND<br />
River Ilen<br />
2.6<br />
2.6<br />
2.5<br />
CS<br />
2.7<br />
CF<br />
Highest Point To Which<br />
CR<br />
7.8<br />
Medium Tides Flow<br />
UND<br />
UND<br />
Maple Leaf<br />
T<br />
Poulnagnave<br />
UND UND<br />
1.9<br />
UND<br />
COOLNAGARRANE<br />
Tank<br />
CS<br />
1.7<br />
4.4<br />
2.8<br />
2.8<br />
4.3<br />
3.5<br />
10 kv<br />
2.1<br />
CW<br />
BM 7.72<br />
61<br />
2.6<br />
School<br />
2<br />
1<br />
31<br />
2.8<br />
32<br />
CS<br />
8<br />
3.2<br />
8.3<br />
46<br />
9<br />
11.3<br />
Lu riga House<br />
45<br />
T<br />
3.5<br />
The Mills<br />
30<br />
CR<br />
UND<br />
19<br />
T<br />
11.7<br />
6.8<br />
10.4<br />
4.4<br />
18.7<br />
3.8<br />
21.2<br />
4.1<br />
UND<br />
4.3<br />
23<br />
Castle<br />
(site <strong>of</strong>)<br />
CS<br />
CR<br />
FF<br />
23.7<br />
4.7<br />
4.8<br />
45.3<br />
38<br />
UND<br />
10kv<br />
43<br />
T<br />
27<br />
28<br />
37<br />
10kv<br />
CS<br />
2<br />
FF<br />
1<br />
7.5<br />
CS<br />
5.8<br />
49.3<br />
10kv<br />
Hawthorns<br />
24.3<br />
CR<br />
CR<br />
10<br />
Pound Hill<br />
FF<br />
Area under<br />
construction<br />
26.6<br />
1<br />
6.2<br />
Tanks<br />
2<br />
UND<br />
50.4<br />
Ardcarrig<br />
10<br />
CS<br />
11<br />
12<br />
10kv<br />
CURRAGH<br />
LURRIGA<br />
UND<br />
UND<br />
Town Co Bdy<br />
Town Town Town Co Co Co B dy<br />
UND<br />
Town Co B dy<br />
Glencurragh<br />
Town Town Co B dy<br />
Town Co Bdy<br />
UND<br />
Town Co Bdy<br />
14 1<br />
UND<br />
1 2<br />
Gortnaclohy Drive<br />
CORONEA<br />
UND<br />
24 26<br />
10kv<br />
Legend<br />
UND<br />
UND<br />
UND<br />
Subsoils<br />
UND<br />
Alluvium undifferentiated<br />
Bedrock at surface<br />
Blanket peat<br />
Lake sediments undifferentiated<br />
Made ground<br />
Sandstone and shales till (Devonian/Carboniferous)<br />
Sandstone sands and gravels (Devonian)<br />
Sandstone till (Devonian)<br />
Area under construction<br />
UND<br />
UND<br />
10kv<br />
CARRIGFADDA<br />
UND<br />
Town Co Bdy<br />
10kv<br />
Town Town Co Co Bdy Bdy<br />
Town Co Bdy<br />
UND UND<br />
Town Town Co Co Bdy Bdy<br />
UND<br />
Innishmore,<br />
Ballincollig,<br />
Co Cork,<br />
Ireland<br />
T +353 21 4665900<br />
F +353 21 4873742<br />
E ireland@rpsgroup.com<br />
W rpsgroup.com/ireland<br />
Project<br />
River Ilen (Skibbereen)<br />
Drainage Scheme<br />
<br />
Issue Details<br />
Drawn by: T Hurley<br />
Checked by: A Fitzgerald<br />
Approved by: B Brice<br />
Project No. MCE0703<br />
File Ref.<br />
MCE0703Mi0018F01<br />
Scale:<br />
N.T.S.<br />
Drawing No.<br />
Rev.<br />
Client<br />
Cork<br />
County<br />
Council<br />
Title<br />
Figure<br />
13.2<br />
Subsoils Map<br />
0 50 100<br />
Kilometers<br />
Date:<br />
Notes<br />
April 2013 Mi0018 F01<br />
1. This drawing is the property <strong>of</strong> RPS Group Ltd. It is a<br />
confidential document and must not be copied, used,<br />
or its contents divulged without prior written consent.<br />
2. All levels are referred to Ordnance Datum, Malin Head.<br />
3. Ordnance Survey Ireland Licence EN 0005013<br />
©Copyright Government <strong>of</strong> Ireland.
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
River Ilen Flood Relief Works<br />
Ilen 1 – 147 m <strong>of</strong> flood wall and Ilen 2 - 709 m <strong>of</strong> embankment - The trial pits and boreholes<br />
incidate overburden up to 6 m in places but bedrock was encountered in the river bed in ABH6 and<br />
ABH7. Water was encountered at depths ranging from 1.35 m to 1.85 mbgl.<br />
Ilen 3 – 135 m <strong>of</strong> floodwall and embankment - The data indicates sand, silt and gravel to depths <strong>of</strong><br />
up to 6.2 m. Water was encountered at depths ranging from 2.1 m to 3.8 mbgl.<br />
Ilen 4 – 105 m <strong>of</strong> flood wall– The overburden is composed <strong>of</strong> gravelly sand over silt with overburden<br />
upto 6 m in depth.<br />
Ilen 5 - Regrading <strong>of</strong> 1,670 m 2 <strong>of</strong> river bed – There is no site investigation data from this area.<br />
Ilen 6 - Structural protection works to bridge – There is no site investigation data from this area.<br />
Ilen 7 – 270 m <strong>of</strong> flood wall to be constructed by sheet piling– The data indicates sand, silt and<br />
gravel to depths <strong>of</strong> up to 9.6 m. Water was encountered at depth <strong>of</strong> 2.4 mbgl.<br />
Ilen 8 - 12 m <strong>of</strong> flood wall – The investigations indicate made ground over gravel and silt to 9 mbgl.<br />
Ilen 9 – 210 m <strong>of</strong> embankment, floodwall and stone revetment with widening on opposite<br />
riverbank – The boreholes and slit trench indicate areas <strong>of</strong> made ground while the natural ground is<br />
composed <strong>of</strong> sandy gravel on s<strong>of</strong>t silt. The overburden extended to 8.37mbgl in ABH13.<br />
Ilen 10 – 313 m <strong>of</strong> embankment – The trial pits, probes and boreholes indicate made ground with<br />
natural ground composed <strong>of</strong> clay, silt, sand and gravel. Overburden thickness up to 5.3 mbgl. Water<br />
was encountered at depths ranging from 1.5 m to 2.4 mbgl.<br />
Ilen 11- 424 m <strong>of</strong> embankment – The investigations indicate overburden to depths <strong>of</strong> greater than<br />
9.70mbgl composed <strong>of</strong> gravel, sand and silt.<br />
Ilen 12 - 308 m <strong>of</strong> flood wall – The boreholes and trial pits indicate presence <strong>of</strong> mostly gravel<br />
deposits over cobbles and boulders to approximately 3 m depth with silt and gravel to 5.5 mbgl.<br />
Water was encountered in the gravel deposits at depths ranging from 1.6 mbgl to 2.8 mbgl.<br />
Ilen 13 – 547 m <strong>of</strong> flood embankment - The trial pits, boreholes and slit trenches indicate some<br />
areas <strong>of</strong> made ground and s<strong>of</strong>t ground in this area. The overburden was composed <strong>of</strong> silt, peaty silt,<br />
sand, clay and gravel. The overburden was > 10 m at ABH26. Water was encountered at depths <strong>of</strong><br />
1.3 m to 2.51 mbgl.<br />
Ilen 14 & 15 - 420 m <strong>of</strong> flood embankment - The trial pits and boreholes indicate some areas <strong>of</strong><br />
made ground. The natural ground is composed <strong>of</strong> silt, sand, clay and gravel over mainly silt deposits.<br />
The overburden was > 10 m at ABH26. Water was encountered at depths ranging from 1.90 m to 3.1<br />
mbgl.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 13-8 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Millrace Flood Relief Works<br />
Mill 1 – The boreholes and slit trenches indicate silt and gravel over cobbles up to 3 m in depth.<br />
Siltstone and shale bedrock encountered at 1.6 mbgl in BH01R.<br />
Mill 2 – The boreholes and trial pits indicate mostly silt and gravel over cobbles. Rock is shallow in<br />
places with BH01R intercepting bedrock (siltstone and shale) at 1.6 mbgl.<br />
Showgrounds Stream Flood Relief Works<br />
Show 1 – 48 m <strong>of</strong> concrete culvert – The site investigations indicate sand, gravel and cobbles with<br />
made ground / road construction and silty peaty sand in vicinity <strong>of</strong> road.<br />
Show 2 15 m <strong>of</strong> flood embankment – The site investigation indicated topsoil over gravel to 5.7mbgl.<br />
Water was encountered at 1.1 mbgl and 1.75 mbgl.<br />
Show 3 250 m <strong>of</strong> flood embankment – The borehole, trial pit and slit trenches indicate areas <strong>of</strong><br />
made ground and fill underlain by silty peaty sand or sandy clay and gravelly sand. While the areas<br />
<strong>of</strong> natural ground composed <strong>of</strong> sand, gravel and cobbles. Overburden thickness up to 5.7 mbgl.<br />
Water was encountered at 1.7 and 1.75 mbgl.<br />
Show 4 223 m <strong>of</strong> flood embankment– The site investigations indicate fill underlain by sandy clay<br />
and gravelly sand with water encountered at 1.7 mbgl.<br />
Caol Stream Flood Relief Works<br />
Caol 1 – 340 m <strong>of</strong> concrete channel – The site investigation indicate made ground adjacent to the<br />
channel up to 2.05 m over silty gravel to 8 mbgl.<br />
Caol 2 - 320 m <strong>of</strong> flood wall - Made ground was encountered over full depth to 2.20 m composed <strong>of</strong><br />
gravel and silt. Water was encountered between 1.00 m and 2.0 mbgl.<br />
Caol 3 - 83 m <strong>of</strong> flood wall – The trial pit indicates the fill over the full depth <strong>of</strong> 2.20 m with gravel<br />
and silt.<br />
Caol 4 - 558 m <strong>of</strong> flood embankment - The trial pits indicate clay fill over gravel and silt. The fill<br />
depth ranged from 1.1 m to 2.20 m. Water was encountered at depths <strong>of</strong> between 1.00 m and 2.00<br />
mbgl.<br />
Assolas Stream Flood Relief Works<br />
Assolas 1 - 35 m <strong>of</strong> flood wall - The trial pits and slit trenches indicate the presence <strong>of</strong> road fill on<br />
silty sand on peat while the natural ground is composed <strong>of</strong> silt and gravel to 2.90 mbgl.<br />
Assolas 2 - 65 m <strong>of</strong> embankment – The trial pits and slit trenches indicate the presence <strong>of</strong> road fill<br />
on silty sand on peat while the natural ground is composed <strong>of</strong> silt and gravel to 2.90 mbgl.<br />
Assolas 3 - 202 m <strong>of</strong> embankment - The trial pits and slit trenches indicate the presence <strong>of</strong> road fill<br />
overlying silty sand overlying peat. The natural ground is composed <strong>of</strong> clay, silt, sand and gravel.<br />
Water was encountered at depths <strong>of</strong> between 1.70 m and 2.20 mbgl.<br />
Assolas 4 - 277 m <strong>of</strong> flood wall - The trial pits and slit trenches indicate the presence <strong>of</strong> road fill<br />
overlying silty sand overlying peat. The natural ground is composed <strong>of</strong> clay, silt, sand and gravel.<br />
Water was encountered at depths <strong>of</strong> between 1.70 m and 2.20 mbgl.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 13-9 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Assolas 5 – 92 m <strong>of</strong> embankment - The borehole and slit trench indicate presence <strong>of</strong> made ground,<br />
clay, gravel, sand and silt up to 3.8 mbgl. Water was encountered at 2.50 mbgl.<br />
Assolas 6 existing double culvert to be replaced with single box diameter culvert.<br />
Assolas 7 – Sealing <strong>of</strong> existing maholes and open culvert section.<br />
Some areas <strong>of</strong> made ground containing refuse (e.g. ABH12), were encountered during the preliminary<br />
ground investigations based on the description on the trial pit and borehole logs.<br />
13.3.2 Geology<br />
Desk Study<br />
Information obtained from the Geological Survey <strong>of</strong> Ireland (GSI) interactive mapping indicates that<br />
the study area is underlain by Lower Carboniferous (Dinantian) Mudstones and Sandstones <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Cork Group (DMSC) in the vicinity <strong>of</strong> Skibbereen Town with Upper Devonian rocks comprised <strong>of</strong> Old<br />
Red Sandstones in the area to the north and south (DORS). The National Draft Generalised Bedrock<br />
Geology Map for the study area is presented as Figure 13.3. The Lower Carboniferous Mudstones<br />
and Sandstones <strong>of</strong> the Cork Group in the Skibbereen area are subdivided into the Narrow Cove<br />
Member and Pig’s Cove Member <strong>of</strong> the Kinsale Formation on Sheet 24 (GSI 1;100,000 series)<br />
bedrock geology map and are composed <strong>of</strong> grey mudstone with sandstone.<br />
The structure <strong>of</strong> the area is characterised by the presence <strong>of</strong> a series <strong>of</strong> north east to south west<br />
trending synclines and anticlines which are cross cut by approximate north to south trending faults.<br />
Moving further north and south the Devonian Old Red Sandstone forms the underlying bedrock<br />
(DORS). This is equivalent to the Old Head Sandstone (OH) and Toe Head Formation <strong>of</strong> Sheet 24.<br />
The Old Head Sandstone is described as a flaser bedded sandstone with minor mudstone. While the<br />
while the Toe Head Formation is comprised <strong>of</strong> cross bedded sandstone and minor mudstone.<br />
Field Survey Results<br />
Information on the type <strong>of</strong> bedrock within the study area and the depth to the top <strong>of</strong> the bedrock is<br />
available from the site investigation phase. The site investigations indicated considerable variation in<br />
the thickness <strong>of</strong> overburden deposits in the Skibbereen area. The bedrock encountered included<br />
sandstone, siltstone and shale.<br />
On the east side <strong>of</strong> the River Ilen shallow bedrock, described as siltstone and shale, was encountered<br />
in the area <strong>of</strong> Mill 1 and Mill 2. In the Marsh Field area the bedrock is described as moderately weak<br />
to moderately strong shale <strong>of</strong> the Pigs Cove Member <strong>of</strong> the Kinsale Formation occasionally<br />
interbedded with moderately weak to very strong siltstone encountered at depths <strong>of</strong> 31.60 m and<br />
35.70 m.<br />
Bedrock <strong>of</strong> moderately weak to moderately strong, thinly laminated weathered grey shale with<br />
occasional interbeds <strong>of</strong> siltstone was encountered at varying depths between 0.28 m on Baltimore<br />
Road, 0.40 m in Coronea, 0.50 m at Mill Road and 8.50 m by the River Ilen. Moderately weak to very<br />
strong, thinly laminated, weathered siltstone with occasional interbeds <strong>of</strong> thinly laminated, weathered<br />
shale was encountered at 1.60 m on the Bantry Road.<br />
Between Assolas 4 and 5 possible bedrock was encountered at depths <strong>of</strong> 1.10 m and 2.60 mbgl in the<br />
trial pits but there is no rotary coring from this area to confirm this. The site investigations report<br />
indicates that weathered grey shale was encountered at a depth <strong>of</strong> 7.00 mbgl at Fields Carpark and<br />
11.85 mbgl at Levis Quay.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 13-10 Rev. F01
Abbeystrowry<br />
Cemetery<br />
Area Under Development<br />
16<br />
20<br />
15<br />
21<br />
5<br />
26<br />
Area Under Development<br />
Inis Álainn<br />
36<br />
37<br />
25<br />
40<br />
9<br />
1 2<br />
15<br />
Newbridge Park<br />
HWM<br />
HWM<br />
Area under development<br />
14<br />
Glencurragh<br />
8<br />
9<br />
6<br />
5<br />
Abhainn Beag<br />
2<br />
1<br />
Mardyke Park<br />
CR<br />
Coronea<br />
Drive<br />
CR<br />
UND<br />
Souterrian<br />
(Site <strong>of</strong>)<br />
FF<br />
UND<br />
DERRYGOOL<br />
CF<br />
River Ilen<br />
61<br />
UND<br />
2<br />
1<br />
31<br />
School<br />
32<br />
8<br />
CW<br />
46<br />
9<br />
45<br />
The Mills<br />
30<br />
Town View<br />
CF<br />
19<br />
FF<br />
FW<br />
23<br />
Castle<br />
CR<br />
38<br />
43<br />
27 28<br />
37<br />
2<br />
1<br />
Hawthorns<br />
Woodley<br />
10<br />
Pound Hill<br />
1<br />
Area under<br />
construction<br />
R596<br />
2<br />
RUSSAGH<br />
Ardcarrig<br />
CR<br />
10<br />
24<br />
28<br />
23<br />
CF<br />
15<br />
CS<br />
25<br />
2<br />
Liss Ard<br />
Rosebank<br />
CS<br />
CW<br />
Gortnaclohy<br />
Reservoir<br />
Russagh Corn Mill<br />
Lough<br />
Abisdealy<br />
UND<br />
R637<br />
Gortnaclohy<br />
We l<br />
UND<br />
CS<br />
The Bog Cross<br />
UND<br />
R593<br />
DERREENDANGAN<br />
CURRAGH<br />
LURRIGA<br />
1 2<br />
11 12<br />
Gortnaclohy Drive<br />
CORONEA<br />
24 26<br />
GORTNACLOGHY<br />
19 15<br />
Area under construction<br />
CARRIGFADDA<br />
LICKNAVAR<br />
Legend<br />
Bedrock Map<br />
(Groundwater Rockunits)<br />
UND<br />
Devonian Old Red Sandstones<br />
Dinantian Mudstones and Sandstones (Cork Group)<br />
POUNDLICK<br />
U ND<br />
Innishmore,<br />
Ballincollig,<br />
Co Cork,<br />
Ireland<br />
T +353 21 4665900<br />
F +353 21 4873742<br />
E ireland@rpsgroup.com<br />
W rpsgroup.com/ireland<br />
Project<br />
River Ilen (Skibbereen)<br />
Drainage Scheme<br />
<br />
Issue Details<br />
Drawn by: T Hurley<br />
Checked by: A Fitzgerald<br />
Approved by: B Brice<br />
Project No. MCE0703<br />
File Ref.<br />
MCE0703Mi0017F01<br />
Scale:<br />
N.T.S.<br />
Drawing No.<br />
Rev.<br />
Client<br />
Cork<br />
County<br />
Council<br />
Title<br />
Figure<br />
Bedrock Geology Map<br />
(Groundwater Rockunits)<br />
13.3<br />
0 50 100<br />
Kilometers<br />
Date:<br />
Notes<br />
April 2013 Mi0017 F01<br />
1. This drawing is the property <strong>of</strong> RPS Group Ltd. It is a<br />
confidential document and must not be copied, used,<br />
or its contents divulged without prior written consent.<br />
2. All levels are referred to Ordnance Datum, Malin Head.<br />
3. Ordnance Survey Ireland Licence EN 0005013<br />
©Copyright Government <strong>of</strong> Ireland.
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Economic Geology / Quarrying and Mining<br />
Cork County Council maintains a register <strong>of</strong> quarries within the county. The following quarrying<br />
activities exist within the Skibbereen area and are recorded on the Cork County Council Quarry<br />
Registration List (May, 2007) which is located on the Cork County Council website. None <strong>of</strong> the<br />
quarries are located in areas where works are proposed. The following is a list <strong>of</strong> the registered<br />
quarries in the area:-<br />
• McCarthy Plant Hire / Curtward Ltd – Curragh Skibbereen, Skibbereen Sandstone Quarry reported<br />
production 100,000-250,000 Tonnes per annum;<br />
• Timothy O’Regan Stone Ltd / Forenaught Quarry - Castleisland, Skibbereen – Sandstone Quarry<br />
reported production - 100,000-250,000 Tonnes per annum; and<br />
• B. Hurley / West Cork Stone Ltd – Currabeg, Skibbereen.<br />
13.3.3 Hydrology<br />
Desk Study<br />
Information on the hydrology <strong>of</strong> the study area has been obtained from a review <strong>of</strong> the available data<br />
from the <strong>Environmental</strong> Protection Agency and the Office <strong>of</strong> Public Works. RPS undertook a<br />
hydrological assessment <strong>of</strong> the River Ilen Catchment during the design <strong>of</strong> the flood defence scheme.<br />
Information on the hydrology <strong>of</strong> the area was obtained from the following reports: MCW0626Rp0021<br />
Hydrology Report and MCW0626Rp0022 Hydraulic Report. This information has been used in the<br />
description <strong>of</strong> the baseline / existing environment and to determine the potential impact the proposed<br />
works will have on the hydrology <strong>of</strong> the study area. The hydrology map for the area is provided in<br />
Figure 13.4.<br />
The headwaters <strong>of</strong> River Ilen rise at Mullaghmeesha and Nowen Hill at the north <strong>of</strong> the catchment.<br />
The confluence <strong>of</strong> the headwaters is located at Castledonovan Bridge and from here the river flows in<br />
a south-easterly direction for approximately 3 km to Ahanafunsion Bridge, where the Clodagh River<br />
meets the Ilen.<br />
From Ahanafunsion Bridge, the River Ilen flows in a south westerly direction for approximately 5 km to<br />
its confluence with the Owennashingaun River. The Ilen then flows in a south easterly direction for<br />
1.6 km to its confluence with the River Ruagagh. From here, the river flows in a southerly direction for<br />
2 km to its confluence with the Glanaphuca River, approximately 300 m downstream <strong>of</strong> Madore<br />
Bridge.<br />
From this point, the river flows in a south easterly direction for approximately 2.8 km to Derreeny<br />
Bridge, where the Saivnose River meets the Ilen. From Derreeny Bridge, the Ilen flows in a southerly<br />
direction for approximately 7.6 km to Skibbereen Town Centre where it meets the Caol Stream.<br />
The study area for the Drainage Scheme is centered around Skibbereen Town in the area drained by<br />
the River Ilen and the Caol Stream. The topography <strong>of</strong> the area is characterised by rolling open<br />
lowland, with a network <strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong>ten steep sided river and stream valleys divided by exposed low ridges<br />
and hills. The town <strong>of</strong> Skibbereen lies along the south and east bank <strong>of</strong> the tidal River Ilen at its<br />
confluence with the Caol Stream, draining the southern catchment area. The River Ilen, the principal<br />
watercourse, flows south before passing through Skibbereen and sharply turns westward before<br />
entering its estuary and Roaringwater Bay and Baltimore Harbour.<br />
The elevation <strong>of</strong> the river varies from approximately 475 m OD (M) at Mullaghmeesha to -1 m OD (M)<br />
at New Bridge, Coronea located 1.4 km downstream <strong>of</strong> the town centre. From the headwaters <strong>of</strong> the<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 13-12 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
river to Skibbereen Town Centre, the Ilen is approximately 25 km in length and from the town centre to<br />
Baltimore Harbour; the river is 14 km long. The river is tidal as far as the hospital at Lurriga, which is<br />
located to the north <strong>of</strong> the town, approximately 1 km upstream <strong>of</strong> the town centre.<br />
The river has a catchment area <strong>of</strong> 265 km 2 upstream <strong>of</strong> the town. The upper reaches <strong>of</strong> the<br />
catchment predominately comprise rural pasture lands, with a combination <strong>of</strong> rural and urban lands in<br />
the lower reaches. The town centre is located within the valley <strong>of</strong> the River Ilen and the Caol Stream.<br />
Steep hills are located on the eastern and western extents <strong>of</strong> the town. The remainder <strong>of</strong> the town<br />
consists largely <strong>of</strong> ribbon development north along the Clonakilty Road, south along the Baltimore<br />
Road, eastwards along High Street and westward along Upper Bridge Street.<br />
The town centre, particularly around the confluence <strong>of</strong> the Caol Stream and the River Ilen has been<br />
developed at levels between 2.1 m and 3.0 m OD (M) in the relatively flat valley <strong>of</strong> the Caol Stream.<br />
Flooding <strong>of</strong> the River Ilen and Caol Stream is significant, with the floodplain extending to 350 m and<br />
650 m wide in some areas. Flooding in this area invariably affects Townsend Street, portions <strong>of</strong><br />
Market Street, Baltimore Road, Mardyke Street, Tragumna Road, <strong>Main</strong> Street and Bridge Street.<br />
Additionally, flooding is also reported along a significant portion <strong>of</strong> Ilen Street, to the north <strong>of</strong> the River<br />
Ilen and along Mill Road to the northeast <strong>of</strong> the town centre.<br />
The Caol Stream is a tributary <strong>of</strong> the River Ilen. It is located to the south east <strong>of</strong> Skibbereen Town<br />
Centre. The valley <strong>of</strong> the Caol Stream is extremely flat and is subject to frequent flooding. The<br />
development <strong>of</strong> the town has been largely forced along the Caol and Ilen valleys because the<br />
steepness <strong>of</strong> the adjacent hillsides limits development considerably. The Caol Stream flows in a<br />
northerly direction from its source at Lough Abisdealy. It is joined by a number <strong>of</strong> tributaries from the<br />
Letterinlish area as it flows towards the town centre. The stream runs parallel to R595 as far as its<br />
confluence with the Assolas Stream, approximately 30 m downstream <strong>of</strong> Market Street Bridge, in<br />
Field’s Carpark <strong>of</strong>f Market Street. From here, the stream runs along the eastern boundary <strong>of</strong> the car<br />
park and joins the River Ilen at the junction <strong>of</strong> Bridge Street, <strong>Main</strong> Street and Levi’s Quay. The<br />
elevation <strong>of</strong> the stream varies from approximately 11 m OD (M) at Lough Abisdealy to 0 m OD (M) at<br />
its confluence with the River Ilen. From Lough Abisdealy to Skibbereen Town Centre, the Caol<br />
Stream is approximately 3.2 km in length. The Caol Stream is tidally influenced along its lower reach<br />
and the low lying lands upstream <strong>of</strong> the Baltimore Road are subject to flooding at Spring tides.<br />
Most <strong>of</strong> the stretch <strong>of</strong> the River Ilen within the study area is tidal. Other small streams, including the<br />
Caol Stream, discharge into the river from the south and east.<br />
The Ilen catchment has relatively steep slopes in the north western part <strong>of</strong> the catchment which has<br />
an average slope <strong>of</strong> 9.37% (or a gradient <strong>of</strong> 1 in 11 i.e. 11 m horizontally for every 1 m vertically). As<br />
the land progresses downwards from Nowen Hill and the Mullaghmesha mountains to Kilnagospagh<br />
there is an average slope <strong>of</strong> 6.73% (1 in 15 gradient) across the entire catchment. The Caol Stream<br />
catchment has an average slope <strong>of</strong> 7.45% (1 in 13 gradient). The Assolas catchment has an average<br />
slope <strong>of</strong> 6.52% (1 in 15 gradient).<br />
There is one hydrometric station on the River Ilen at Ballyhilty Bridge which is operated by the EPA<br />
(Station Number 20005). The EPA station is a water level and flow gauging station and is suitable for<br />
monitoring <strong>of</strong> low flows. In addition there are nine other gauges in operation by Cork County Council<br />
on the River Ilen. See Table 13.2 below for details on the gauge locations.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 13-13 Rev. F01
Ballyhilty Bridge - (Ultrasonic Gauge)<br />
Ballyhilty Bridge (U/S) - Staff Gauge at River<br />
Ballyhilty Bridge (U/S) - Staff Gauge in Tank<br />
Ballyhilty Bridge (U/S) - Pressure Bulb<br />
Ballyhilty Bridge - Pressure Bulb<br />
Ballyhilty Bridge (D/S) - Staff Gauge<br />
Ballyhilty Bridge (D/S) - Data Logger<br />
Kennedy Bridge - (Staff Gauge)<br />
Pumping Station - (Ultrasonic Gauge)<br />
Bridge at Levi’s Quay (U/S) - (Staff Gauge)<br />
Legend<br />
EPA Gauging Stations<br />
Cork County Council<br />
Gauging Stations<br />
Innishmore,<br />
Ballincollig,<br />
Co Cork,<br />
Ireland<br />
T +353 21 4665900<br />
F +353 21 4873742<br />
E ireland@rpsgroup.com<br />
W rpsgroup.com/ireland<br />
Project<br />
River Ilen (Skibbereen)<br />
Drainage Scheme<br />
<br />
Issue Details<br />
Drawn by: T Hurley<br />
Checked by:<br />
A Fitzgerald<br />
Approved by:<br />
B Brice<br />
Project No. MCE0703<br />
File Ref.<br />
MCE0703Mi0015F01<br />
Scale:<br />
N.T.S.<br />
Drawing No.<br />
Rev.<br />
Client<br />
Cork<br />
County<br />
Council<br />
Title<br />
Figure<br />
13.4<br />
Hydrology Map<br />
0 50 100<br />
Kilometers<br />
Date:<br />
Notes<br />
April 2013 Mi0015 F01<br />
1. This drawing is the property <strong>of</strong> RPS Group Ltd. It is a<br />
confidential document and must not be copied, used,<br />
or its contents divulged without prior written consent.<br />
2. All levels are referred to Ordnance Datum, Malin Head.<br />
3. Ordnance Survey Ireland Licence EN 0005013<br />
©Copyright Government <strong>of</strong> Ireland.
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Table 13.2: Gauging Stations<br />
Monitoring Station<br />
Body Number<br />
Location<br />
EPA 20005 Ballyhilty<br />
Bridge (D/S)<br />
Cork County 1 Ballyhilty<br />
Council<br />
Bridge (U/S)<br />
2 Ballyhilty<br />
Bridge (U/S)<br />
3 Ballyhilty<br />
Bridge (U/S<br />
4 Ballyhilty<br />
Bridge (D/S)<br />
5 Bridge at<br />
Levi’s Quay<br />
(U/S)<br />
6 Kennedy<br />
Bridge<br />
7 Water<br />
Treatment<br />
Plant<br />
8 Ballyhilty<br />
Bridge<br />
9 Ballyhilty<br />
Bridge<br />
Type <strong>of</strong> Data<br />
Gauge Available<br />
Easting Northing<br />
Data Water level 111830 036102<br />
Logger & Flow<br />
Staff Gauge Water Level 111762 036406<br />
in tank<br />
Timber Water Level 111763 036404<br />
Gauge at<br />
river<br />
Staff gauge Water Level 111768 036397<br />
at river<br />
Staff Gauge Water Level 111823 036144<br />
Staff Gauge Water Level 112133 033640<br />
Staff Gauge Water Level 111908 033889<br />
Ultrasonic<br />
Gauge<br />
Pressure<br />
Bulb<br />
Ultrasonic<br />
Gauge<br />
Water Level 112234 033842<br />
Water Level 111762 036406<br />
Water Level 111762 036406<br />
Flooding<br />
There are two main tributaries <strong>of</strong> the River Ilen, the Caol and Assolas. Serious flooding <strong>of</strong> residential<br />
and commercial properties occurs in two main areas <strong>of</strong> Skibbereen.<br />
• Adjacent to the Caol Stream and near its junction with the Ilen River. Flooding in this area<br />
invariably affects all <strong>of</strong> Townsend Street, the Baltimore Road, part <strong>of</strong> Market Street and Mardyke<br />
Street, 98 th Street, and part <strong>of</strong> <strong>Main</strong> Street, and Bridge Street. This area includes much <strong>of</strong> the<br />
commercial heart <strong>of</strong> Skibbereen.<br />
• Chronic flooding also occurs on the Mill Road effecting Glenilen Terrace and the houses<br />
between the junction with the Cork Road and Lorriga House.<br />
Prior to November 2009 the most serve flood event affecting Skibbereen occurred in August 1986.<br />
Other recorded flood events in 1969, 1974, 1975 and 1982 were less severe. Frequent flooding also<br />
occurred in the 1940’s and 1950’s.<br />
An assessment <strong>of</strong> the potential adverse consequences associated with flooding in Skibbereen Town<br />
was undertaken and is contained in the RPS report River Ilen Flood Risk Assessment and<br />
Management Study Flood Map Report. The assessment considered risks to society, economy,<br />
environment and cultural heritage for all design flood probabilities.<br />
Hydromorphology<br />
A hydro-geomorphological assessment was undertaken by RPS. The hydro geo-morphological<br />
assessment was based on the following data sets:-<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 13-15 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
• WFD National Channel Typology Dataset;<br />
• EU Water Framework Directive – Hydromorphological Risk Assessment;<br />
• Corine land use dataset;<br />
• Aerial Photography;<br />
• Bank Erosion & deposition Dataset provided by Cork County Council;<br />
• OPW Drainage Schemes Datasets; and<br />
• National Parks & Wildlife Service Commanage Framework Plans.<br />
The study concluded that the existing catchment land use practices are considered low risk as it is<br />
predominantly pasture with low risk <strong>of</strong> exposed soils and subsequent sediment loss. However, at a<br />
more localised level within Skibbereen, erosion and deposition does occur. This is typical <strong>of</strong> lowland<br />
meandering rivers. Channel improvement works were undertaken in the 1990’s to increase channel<br />
capacity by removing rock outcrops and widening the channel.<br />
13.3.4 Hydrogeology<br />
Desk Study<br />
There is no Groundwater Protection Plan available for West Cork at this time, however the GSI have<br />
completed a National Draft Bedrock Aquifer Map which covers the area <strong>of</strong> interest. Information on the<br />
aquifer classification for the study area has been obtained from the GSI online mapping (www.gsi.ie)<br />
and is presented in Figure 13.5. A Groundwater Protection Scheme has been completed for South<br />
Cork (GSI, 2002) which provides hydrogeological information for some <strong>of</strong> the bedrock formations<br />
within the study area.<br />
The study area is located within the Bandon_1 Groundwater Body. Information on the Bandon<br />
Groundwater Body indicates most <strong>of</strong> the groundwater flow tends to occur in the top 15 m <strong>of</strong> the aquifer<br />
within the weathered zone. Below this deeper inflows tend to be concentrated along fractures or fault<br />
zones. The bedrock has no intergranular permeability and zones <strong>of</strong> enhanced permeability are found<br />
in the mudstones and sandstones close to faults and near fold axes. The groundwater body<br />
description indicates that in general the subsoil is generally < 10 m thick with large areas having a<br />
subsoil thickness <strong>of</strong> < 3 m.<br />
The GSI report that groundwater flow paths are relatively short typically <strong>of</strong> the order <strong>of</strong> 30 m to 300 m.<br />
Groundwater discharges to small springs, or streams and rivers that cross the aquifer. Due to the low<br />
storage in the bedrock baseflow to rivers and streams is considered to be low. There are a number <strong>of</strong><br />
marshes and swamps that are designated as protected areas within the groundwater body but none <strong>of</strong><br />
these are located within the study area. A search <strong>of</strong> the NPWS website does not indicate any<br />
designated areas in the immediate vicinity <strong>of</strong> the site which are identified as water dependant<br />
terrestrial ecosystems.<br />
The GSI aquifer classification scheme is based on the value <strong>of</strong> the groundwater resources and the<br />
hydrogeological characteristics <strong>of</strong> the aquifer. The bedrock in the central portion <strong>of</strong> the study area in<br />
the vicinity <strong>of</strong> Skibbereen Town is classified as a Locally Important (LI) Bedrock Aquifer, which is<br />
Moderately Productive only in Local Zones (See Figure 13.6). Locally Important aquifers would<br />
generally have moderate yielding wells. Typically these aquifers would be considered to be capable <strong>of</strong><br />
producing well yields <strong>of</strong> the order <strong>of</strong> 100 m 3 /d-400 m³/d. The area to the north and south <strong>of</strong> this central<br />
band is classed as a Poor Aquifer (Pl) which is bedrock which is generally unproductive except for<br />
local zones. Poor aquifers would tend to have moderate or low yielding wells and borehole yields <strong>of</strong> <<br />
100 m 3 /d would be typical in this aquifer type. There are no regionally or locally important sand and<br />
gravel aquifers within the study area.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 13-16 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Information on water strikes is available from the site investigation stage from the borings and<br />
excavations undertaken in the overburden deposits (Appendix 13.1 S.I. Investigation Report).<br />
Information on water strikes has been outlined in Section 13.3.1 in the summary <strong>of</strong> the overburden<br />
deposits in the vicinity <strong>of</strong> each <strong>of</strong> the proposed structures. On the east side <strong>of</strong> the River Ilen<br />
groundwater was encountered in the overburden deposits at depths ranging from 1.1 mbgl to 2.8<br />
mbgl, on the west side at depths ranging from 1.3 m to 3.1 mbgl and on the south side at depths<br />
ranging from 2.1 m to 3.8 mbgl. In the vicinity <strong>of</strong> the Caol Stream water was encountered at depths <strong>of</strong><br />
1.0 m to 2.6 mbgl<br />
The study area is served by the Cork County Council mains water supply as shown on Figure 14.4 <strong>of</strong><br />
Chapter 14 Material Assets. The Groundwater Public Viewer section <strong>of</strong> the GSI website indicated<br />
only one well within the study area. The well had a reported depth <strong>of</strong> 70.1 m and a yield <strong>of</strong> 9.8 m 3 /d<br />
(GSI Code 1103SWW001). There is potential for additional private wells within the study area which<br />
may not be indicated on the GSI well database.<br />
The GSI Aquifer Vulnerability map indicates the vulnerability <strong>of</strong> the first groundwater encountered in<br />
either sand / gravel aquifers or in bedrock to contaminants released at depths <strong>of</strong> 1 – 2 m below ground<br />
surface. The Vulnerability <strong>of</strong> the majority <strong>of</strong> the Study Area, mainly around the River Ilen, is classified<br />
as High-Low as only an interim classification is available. The Interim Vulnerability map has been<br />
completed as part <strong>of</strong> the Water Framework Directive (WFD) programme and only has three<br />
Vulnerability Classification, E (rock near surface or karst), E (Extreme) or H-L (undifferentiated High to<br />
Low) as shown on Figure 13.6. Due to the shallow depth to bedrock across much <strong>of</strong> the study area a<br />
significant portion <strong>of</strong> the area is classified as having extreme vulnerability.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 13-17 Rev. F01
FF<br />
35.1<br />
UND UND<br />
62.2<br />
Mast<br />
70.2<br />
UND<br />
12.7<br />
16<br />
CF<br />
20<br />
CF<br />
31.1<br />
15<br />
58.2<br />
CF<br />
21<br />
64.5<br />
5<br />
UND<br />
26<br />
Area Under Development<br />
Inis Álainn<br />
36<br />
1.4<br />
37<br />
25<br />
CF<br />
27.6<br />
28<br />
40<br />
BM 28.21<br />
9<br />
58.1<br />
Derrendangan<br />
Reservoir<br />
1<br />
15.6<br />
2<br />
Town Co Bdy<br />
15<br />
55.3<br />
CF<br />
T<br />
UND<br />
52.3<br />
UND<br />
23.5<br />
Newbridge Park<br />
38<br />
2.9<br />
49.6<br />
CF<br />
10kv<br />
19.6<br />
10kv<br />
2.3<br />
HWM<br />
16.2<br />
HWM<br />
2.3<br />
Riverdate<br />
Estate<br />
11.6<br />
CF<br />
CF<br />
15.8<br />
9.1<br />
2.2 2.4<br />
Coronea Court<br />
12.9<br />
18.5<br />
5.6<br />
UND<br />
14.7<br />
LS<br />
2.8<br />
Area under development<br />
Care Centre<br />
LS<br />
11.9<br />
The Moorings<br />
2.1<br />
10kv<br />
11.8<br />
2.6<br />
19<br />
2.5<br />
The Moorings<br />
10.7<br />
CF<br />
15<br />
14<br />
CF<br />
2.4<br />
8<br />
9<br />
6<br />
5<br />
2.5<br />
2.3<br />
Abhainn Beag<br />
2<br />
1<br />
9.6<br />
Sports Ground<br />
10kv<br />
10kv<br />
2.4<br />
7.6<br />
2.2<br />
2.4<br />
10kv<br />
BM 2.83<br />
2.5<br />
10kv<br />
T<br />
2.5<br />
2.5<br />
10kv<br />
8.0<br />
Mardyke Park<br />
10kv<br />
3.3<br />
BM 6.93<br />
2.5<br />
Fire Station<br />
Coronea<br />
Drive<br />
2.9<br />
CF<br />
6.2<br />
5.3<br />
3.5<br />
3.5<br />
4.2<br />
BM 3.29<br />
5.5<br />
UND<br />
5.0<br />
CS<br />
10kv<br />
CS<br />
CS<br />
BM 4.47<br />
3.4<br />
T<br />
CF<br />
3.0<br />
FF<br />
10kv<br />
2.5<br />
10KV<br />
2.2<br />
10kv<br />
CF<br />
2.2<br />
2.8<br />
CS<br />
2.6<br />
FW<br />
T<br />
UND<br />
River Ilen<br />
2.6<br />
2.6<br />
2.5<br />
CS<br />
2.7<br />
CF<br />
Highest Point To Which<br />
CR<br />
7.8<br />
Medium Tides Flow<br />
UND<br />
UND<br />
Maple Leaf<br />
T<br />
Poulnagnave<br />
UND UND<br />
1.9<br />
UND<br />
COOLNAGARRANE<br />
Tank<br />
CS<br />
1.7<br />
4.4<br />
2.8<br />
2.8<br />
4.3<br />
3.5<br />
10 kv<br />
2.1<br />
CW<br />
BM 7.72<br />
61<br />
2.6<br />
School<br />
2<br />
1<br />
31<br />
2.8<br />
32<br />
CS<br />
8<br />
3.2<br />
8.3<br />
46<br />
9<br />
11.3<br />
Lu riga House<br />
45<br />
T<br />
3.5<br />
The Mills<br />
30<br />
CR<br />
UND<br />
19<br />
T<br />
11.7<br />
6.8<br />
10.4<br />
4.4<br />
18.7<br />
3.8<br />
21.2<br />
4.1<br />
UND<br />
4.3<br />
23<br />
Castle<br />
(site <strong>of</strong>)<br />
CS<br />
CR<br />
FF<br />
23.7<br />
4.7<br />
4.8<br />
45.3<br />
38<br />
UND<br />
10kv<br />
43<br />
T<br />
27<br />
28<br />
37<br />
10kv<br />
CS<br />
2<br />
FF<br />
1<br />
7.5<br />
CS<br />
5.8<br />
49.3<br />
10kv<br />
Hawthorns<br />
24.3<br />
CR<br />
CR<br />
10<br />
Pound Hill<br />
FF<br />
Area under<br />
construction<br />
26.6<br />
1<br />
6.2<br />
Tanks<br />
2<br />
UND<br />
50.4<br />
Ardcarrig<br />
10<br />
CS<br />
11<br />
12<br />
10kv<br />
CURRAGH<br />
LURRIGA<br />
UND<br />
UND<br />
Town Co Bdy<br />
Town Town Town Co Co Co B dy<br />
UND<br />
Town Co B dy<br />
Glencurragh<br />
Town Town Co B dy<br />
Town Co Bdy<br />
UND<br />
Town Co Bdy<br />
14 1<br />
UND<br />
1 2<br />
Gortnaclohy Drive<br />
CORONEA<br />
UND<br />
24 26<br />
10kv<br />
Legend<br />
UND<br />
UND<br />
Aquifers<br />
UND<br />
UND<br />
Locally Important Aquifer<br />
Town Co Bdy<br />
Poor Aquifer<br />
UND<br />
10kv<br />
UND<br />
Area under construction<br />
CARRIGFADDA<br />
Town Town Co Co Bdy Bdy<br />
Town Co Bdy<br />
UND UND<br />
Town Town Co Co Bdy Bdy<br />
UND<br />
Innishmore,<br />
Ballincollig,<br />
Co Cork,<br />
Ireland<br />
T +353 21 4665900<br />
F +353 21 4873742<br />
E ireland@rpsgroup.com<br />
W rpsgroup.com/ireland<br />
Project<br />
River Ilen (Skibbereen)<br />
Drainage Scheme<br />
<br />
Issue Details<br />
Drawn by: T Hurley<br />
Checked by: A Fitzgerald<br />
Approved by: B Brice<br />
Project No. MCE0703<br />
File Ref.<br />
MCE0703Mi0019F01<br />
Scale:<br />
N.T.S.<br />
Drawing No.<br />
Rev.<br />
Client<br />
Cork<br />
County<br />
Council<br />
Title<br />
Figure<br />
13.5<br />
Bedrock Aquifer Map<br />
0 50 100<br />
Kilometers<br />
Date:<br />
Notes<br />
April 2013 Mi0019 F01<br />
1. This drawing is the property <strong>of</strong> RPS Group Ltd. It is a<br />
confidential document and must not be copied, used,<br />
or its contents divulged without prior written consent.<br />
2. All levels are referred to Ordnance Datum, Malin Head.<br />
3. Ordnance Survey Ireland Licence EN 0005013<br />
©Copyright Government <strong>of</strong> Ireland.
FF<br />
35.1<br />
UND UND<br />
62.2<br />
Mast<br />
70.2<br />
UND<br />
12.7<br />
16<br />
CF<br />
20<br />
CF<br />
31.1<br />
15<br />
58.2<br />
CF<br />
21<br />
64.5<br />
5<br />
UND<br />
26<br />
Area Under Development<br />
Inis Álainn<br />
36<br />
1.4<br />
37<br />
25<br />
CF<br />
27.6<br />
28<br />
40<br />
BM 28.21<br />
9<br />
58.1<br />
Derrendangan<br />
Reservoir<br />
1<br />
15.6<br />
2<br />
Town Co Bdy<br />
15<br />
55.3<br />
CF<br />
T<br />
UND<br />
52.3<br />
UND<br />
23.5<br />
Newbridge Park<br />
38<br />
2.9<br />
49.6<br />
CF<br />
10kv<br />
19.6<br />
10kv<br />
2.3<br />
HWM<br />
16.2<br />
HWM<br />
2.3<br />
Riverdate<br />
Estate<br />
11.6<br />
CF<br />
CF<br />
15.8<br />
9.1<br />
2.2 2.4<br />
Coronea Court<br />
12.9<br />
18.5<br />
5.6<br />
UND<br />
14.7<br />
LS<br />
2.8<br />
Area under development<br />
Care Centre<br />
LS<br />
11.9<br />
The Moorings<br />
2.1<br />
10kv<br />
11.8<br />
2.6<br />
19<br />
2.5<br />
The Moorings<br />
10.7<br />
CF<br />
15<br />
14<br />
CF<br />
2.4<br />
8<br />
9<br />
6<br />
5<br />
2.5<br />
2.3<br />
Abhainn Beag<br />
2<br />
1<br />
9.6<br />
Sports Ground<br />
10kv<br />
10kv<br />
2.4<br />
7.6<br />
2.2<br />
2.4<br />
10kv<br />
BM 2.83<br />
2.5<br />
10kv<br />
T<br />
2.5<br />
2.5<br />
10kv<br />
8.0<br />
Mardyke Park<br />
10kv<br />
3.3<br />
BM 6.93<br />
2.5<br />
Fire Station<br />
Coronea<br />
Drive<br />
2.9<br />
CF<br />
6.2<br />
5.3<br />
3.5<br />
3.5<br />
4.2<br />
BM 3.29<br />
5.5<br />
5.0<br />
CS<br />
10kv<br />
CS<br />
CS<br />
BM 4.47<br />
3.4<br />
T<br />
CF<br />
3.0<br />
FF<br />
10kv<br />
2.5<br />
10KV<br />
2.2<br />
10kv<br />
CF<br />
2.2<br />
2.8<br />
CS<br />
2.6<br />
FW<br />
T<br />
UND<br />
River Ilen<br />
2.6<br />
2.6<br />
2.5<br />
CS<br />
2.7<br />
CF<br />
Highest Point To Which<br />
CR<br />
7.8<br />
Medium Tides Flow<br />
UND<br />
UND<br />
Maple Leaf<br />
T<br />
Poulnagnave<br />
UND UND<br />
1.9<br />
UND<br />
COOLNAGARRANE<br />
Tank<br />
CS<br />
1.7<br />
4.4<br />
2.8<br />
2.8<br />
4.3<br />
3.5<br />
10 kv<br />
2.1<br />
CW<br />
BM 7.72<br />
61<br />
2.6<br />
School<br />
2<br />
1<br />
31<br />
2.8<br />
32<br />
CS<br />
8<br />
3.2<br />
8.3<br />
46<br />
9<br />
11.3<br />
Lu riga House<br />
45<br />
T<br />
3.5<br />
The Mills<br />
30<br />
CR<br />
UND<br />
19<br />
T<br />
11.7<br />
6.8<br />
10.4<br />
4.4<br />
18.7<br />
3.8<br />
21.2<br />
4.1<br />
UND<br />
4.3<br />
23<br />
Castle<br />
(site <strong>of</strong>)<br />
CS<br />
CR<br />
FF<br />
23.7<br />
4.7<br />
4.8<br />
45.3<br />
38<br />
UND<br />
10kv<br />
43<br />
T<br />
27<br />
28<br />
37<br />
10kv<br />
CS<br />
2<br />
FF<br />
1<br />
7.5<br />
CS<br />
5.8<br />
49.3<br />
10kv<br />
Hawthorns<br />
24.3<br />
CR<br />
CR<br />
10<br />
Pound Hill<br />
FF<br />
Area under<br />
construction<br />
26.6<br />
1<br />
6.2<br />
Tanks<br />
2<br />
UND<br />
50.4<br />
Ardcarrig<br />
10<br />
CS<br />
11<br />
12<br />
10kv<br />
CURRAGH<br />
LURRIGA<br />
UND<br />
UND<br />
Town Co Bdy<br />
Town Town Town Co Co Co B dy<br />
UND<br />
Town Co B dy<br />
Glencurragh<br />
Town Town Co B dy<br />
Town Co Bdy<br />
UND<br />
Town Co Bdy<br />
14 1<br />
UND<br />
1 2<br />
Gortnaclohy Drive<br />
CORONEA<br />
UND<br />
24 26<br />
10kv<br />
Legend<br />
UND<br />
UND<br />
UND<br />
Aquifer Vulnerability<br />
E(Rock at/near surface or karst)<br />
Extreme<br />
High to Low.<br />
Water<br />
UND<br />
UND<br />
Town Co Bdy<br />
10kv<br />
UND<br />
UND<br />
Area under construction<br />
CARRIGFADDA<br />
Town Town Co Co Bdy Bdy<br />
Town Co Bdy<br />
UND UND<br />
Town Town Co Co Bdy Bdy<br />
UND<br />
Innishmore,<br />
Ballincollig,<br />
Co Cork,<br />
Ireland<br />
T +353 21 4665900<br />
F +353 21 4873742<br />
E ireland@rpsgroup.com<br />
W rpsgroup.com/ireland<br />
Project<br />
River Ilen (Skibbereen)<br />
Drainage Scheme<br />
<br />
Issue Details<br />
Drawn by: T Hurley<br />
Checked by: A Fitzgerald<br />
Approved by: B Brice<br />
Project No. MCE0703<br />
File Ref.<br />
MCE0703Mi0020F01<br />
Scale:<br />
N.T.S.<br />
Drawing No.<br />
Rev.<br />
Client<br />
Cork<br />
County<br />
Council<br />
Title<br />
Figure<br />
Aquifer Vulnerability Map<br />
13.6<br />
0 50 100<br />
Kilometers<br />
Date:<br />
Notes<br />
April 2013 Mi0020 F01<br />
1. This drawing is the property <strong>of</strong> RPS Group Ltd. It is a<br />
confidential document and must not be copied, used,<br />
or its contents divulged without prior written consent.<br />
2. All levels are referred to Ordnance Datum, Malin Head.<br />
3. Ordnance Survey Ireland Licence EN 0005013<br />
©Copyright Government <strong>of</strong> Ireland.
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Field Survey Results<br />
The majority <strong>of</strong> the site investigation boreholes and trial pits were terminated within the overburden<br />
deposits therefore the exact depth to bedrock has not been determined at the majority <strong>of</strong> the locations<br />
investigated but would indicate overburden deposits are typically > 3 m and frequently composed <strong>of</strong><br />
sand and gravel material over silt. However the results confirm a variable thickness <strong>of</strong> overburden<br />
deposits within the study area ranging from rock being at the surface to > 32.50 mbgl to top <strong>of</strong> rock. In<br />
general across the study area the vulnerability <strong>of</strong> the groundwater in the bedrock aquifer would range<br />
from high to moderate.<br />
13.3.5 Geological Heritage<br />
The Irish Geological Heritage Programme (IGH) <strong>of</strong> the Geological Survey <strong>of</strong> Ireland work in<br />
partnership with the National Parks and Wildlife Service (NPWS) <strong>of</strong> the Department <strong>of</strong> Environment,<br />
Community and Local Government to identify and select important geological and geomorphological<br />
sites throughout the country for designation as NHAs (Natural heritage Areas).<br />
Confirmation was received from the Geological Survey <strong>of</strong> Ireland (17 th June 2011) during the initial<br />
consultation phase and confirmed that there are no sites <strong>of</strong> geological interest within the Skibbereen<br />
Flood Risk Assessment Study Area. The closest sites <strong>of</strong> interest are located as follows but will not be<br />
affected by the proposed development:<br />
• Castletownshend Section (117400, 29450 to 118000, 31000) <strong>of</strong> Castlehaven formation has<br />
been recommended for NHA designation under the IGH 10 Devonian Theme which is located<br />
6km from the study area; and<br />
• Lough Hyne (110000, 28000) is a coastal lagoon but with barrier that is a solid rock formation<br />
rather than a depositional feature. The site is recommended for NHA designation under the IGH<br />
13 Coastal Geomorphology Theme and is already part <strong>of</strong> Lough Hyne Nature Reserve and<br />
Environs NHA and SAC. This site is located 5.4 km from the study area.<br />
The 2009-2015 Cork County Development Plan outlines in Chapter 7 Heritage and Environment<br />
(Section 7.1.31) that the Department <strong>of</strong> Heritage and Local Government and the Geological Survey <strong>of</strong><br />
Ireland are drawing up a list <strong>of</strong> sites <strong>of</strong> geological interest which will be proposed as Natural Heritage<br />
Areas in consultation with the Geological Survey <strong>of</strong> Ireland and the Geology Department <strong>of</strong> the<br />
National University <strong>of</strong> Ireland, Cork. Chapter 3 <strong>of</strong> <strong>Vol</strong>ume 2 <strong>of</strong> the 2009 Cork County Development<br />
Plan includes 103 sites which are designated as County Geological Sites within County Cork. These<br />
are sites <strong>of</strong> geological and geomorphological interest which may be designated at proposed Natural<br />
Heritage Areas (pNHA) in the future. None <strong>of</strong> these sites are located within the study area.<br />
13.4 POTENTIAL IMPACTS<br />
13.4.1 Construction <strong>Impact</strong>s<br />
The following potential impacts have been identified during the construction stage in relation to the<br />
development <strong>of</strong> the proposed flood relief scheme:-<br />
Soils & Subsoils<br />
Soil may be compacted by the movement <strong>of</strong> construction machinery and as a result <strong>of</strong> the loading<br />
from the embankments and flood walls. Compaction may lead to the reduction in the ability <strong>of</strong> these<br />
soils to store water and result in increased run<strong>of</strong>f and soil erosion. This is a long term slight<br />
negative impact.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 13-20 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Construction work will involve the disturbance, removal and transportation <strong>of</strong> topsoil, made ground<br />
and subsoil in addition to the importation <strong>of</strong> fill material. Site works will involve site clearance,<br />
excavation and construction operations. The earthworks will involve the permanent relocation <strong>of</strong> top<br />
soil and subsoil from areas in proximity to the proposed flood defence structures. This is a temporary<br />
slight negative impact<br />
Earthworks associated with excavation <strong>of</strong> riverbed sediment will be required within the river channel<br />
as part <strong>of</strong> the channel widening and disposal <strong>of</strong> excavated material will be required. This has the<br />
potential to give rise to the generation <strong>of</strong> suspended sediments. This represents a temporary slight<br />
negative impact.<br />
The excavation <strong>of</strong> topsoil and subsoil has the potential to reduce the thickness <strong>of</strong> cover material<br />
present and consequently increase the vulnerability <strong>of</strong> the groundwater to pollution. This is not<br />
considered to be a significant impact and will be limited to areas where dredging or excavation is<br />
proposed. This is considered to be a permanent slight negative impact.<br />
The impact <strong>of</strong> subsoil removal will not be significant in terms <strong>of</strong> subsoil geology as similar material to<br />
that being excavated is widespread throughout the study area. This is considered to be a permanent<br />
imperceptible negative impact.<br />
During the construction stage there is potential for contamination <strong>of</strong> soil from spillages <strong>of</strong> fuel and<br />
lubricants from construction plant or chemicals stored onsite, however this is limited to the<br />
construction stage. The potential exists for contamination <strong>of</strong> the aquifer via direct percolation to the<br />
groundwater or via contamination <strong>of</strong> the surface water and subsequent percolation into the<br />
groundwater. The risk <strong>of</strong> pollution will be increased in areas where excavation takes place where the<br />
excavations or culverts may form preferential pathways for groundwater flow. This represents a long<br />
term slight negative impact.<br />
The preliminary site investigation indicates that there may be minor areas <strong>of</strong> potentially contaminated<br />
ground (made ground containing refuse). This represents a temporary slight negative impact. The<br />
historic town dump, located on the southeast outskirts <strong>of</strong> the town, is located outside <strong>of</strong> the areas <strong>of</strong><br />
the proposed walls or embankments.<br />
Geology<br />
It is not proposed that excavation <strong>of</strong> bedrock shall be required during the construction <strong>of</strong> the flood<br />
defence works therefore no potential impacts on bedrock are likely.<br />
Hydrology<br />
The main impact arising from the proposed Drainage Scheme will be an increase in the capacity <strong>of</strong><br />
the River Ilen and Caol Stream to allow larger volumes <strong>of</strong> water to be carried downstream during<br />
periods <strong>of</strong> high rainfall thereby reducing the risk and frequency <strong>of</strong> water levels overtopping the river<br />
bank and flooding the surrounding area. This is considered to be a permanent significant positive<br />
impact.<br />
During the construction stage there is potential for contamination <strong>of</strong> surface water from potential<br />
contaminants such as fuel and lubricants from site machinery. Any spills would have the potential to<br />
contaminate the surface water in the River Ilen and the Caol Stream. This is considered to be a<br />
temporary slight negative impact.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 13-21 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
During the construction stage there is potential for run-<strong>of</strong>f <strong>of</strong> sediment from construction works/ areas<br />
<strong>of</strong> stockpiled material which could potentially pollute surface waters. This represents a short term<br />
slight negative impact.<br />
The works have the potential to impact on the hydromorphology <strong>of</strong> the channels due to the<br />
construction <strong>of</strong> embankments, walls and channel widening and in stream works (millrace). This will<br />
result in a permanent slight negative impact.<br />
Hydrogeology<br />
Groundwater flow and groundwater levels may be affected during the construction works. There are<br />
no identified public or industrial groundwater fed supplies within the study area. The study area is<br />
served by the local authority mains water supply and the local authority sewer network therefore<br />
private wells and percolation areas for private waste water treatment systems are not likely to be<br />
located within the study area. There are no designated groundwater dependant terrestrial<br />
ecosystems within the study area. Any impacts on water levels will be limited to possible excavation<br />
dewatering during the construction stage. The potential impact would be <strong>of</strong> short term imperceptible<br />
negative impact.<br />
There is potential for the contamination <strong>of</strong> groundwater as a result <strong>of</strong> construction activities. There<br />
are a variety <strong>of</strong> substances that have potential to pollute groundwater including fuel, lubricants,<br />
cement and hydrocarbons. Washing and refuelling <strong>of</strong> construction plant also poses a risk. The<br />
potential for groundwater pollution is considered to be a short term slight negative impact.<br />
13.4.2 Operational Stage<br />
During the operational phase periodic maintenance and repair operations may be required including<br />
some repairs to walls and embankments. The maintenance requirements will be monitored and<br />
reviewed on an annual basis and it is expected that works would be required on a six to ten year<br />
cycle.<br />
Soils & Subsoils<br />
The operational stage will not result in any impact on the soils and subsoils <strong>of</strong> the area.<br />
Geology<br />
The operational phase will not lead to any impact on the geology <strong>of</strong> the area.<br />
Hydrology<br />
The most signitifcant impact in relation to the scheme will be the changes in surface water levels<br />
during the operation <strong>of</strong> the scheme due to the increase in conveyance capacity <strong>of</strong> the river and stream<br />
channels and the consequent reduction in flooding and positive impact on benefitting lands. This is<br />
considered to be a permanent significant positive impact.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 13-22 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Hydrogeology<br />
No significant impacts are predicted on the hydrogeology <strong>of</strong> the area arising from the proposed<br />
development during the operational stage <strong>of</strong> the scheme. The construction <strong>of</strong> the flood defence<br />
works may impact on groundwater levels for limited periods during flood events where the increase in<br />
water levels within the surface water channels may locally change or reverse hydraulic gradients.<br />
There will be minor changes in the water levels in the immediate vicinity <strong>of</strong> structures such as sheet<br />
pile walls for example along the southern bank <strong>of</strong> the river where 270 m <strong>of</strong> flood wall is to be installed<br />
upstream <strong>of</strong> John F. Kennedy Bridge. There will also be minor changes in water levels in the vicinity <strong>of</strong><br />
embankments. Any changes will be localised and will not significantly alter the groundwater regime.<br />
This is considered to be a permanent imperceptible negative impact.<br />
The construction <strong>of</strong> sheet pile walls may increase the potential for the development <strong>of</strong> preferential flow<br />
paths into the underlying bedrock aquifer if piles are to extend into the top <strong>of</strong> the rock but based on<br />
the depth to bedrock this is not likely to be an option based on the available site investigation data.<br />
13.5 MITIGATION MEASURES<br />
In order to minimise the effects <strong>of</strong> soil compaction construction activities shall be scheduled such as to<br />
minimise the area affected by trafficking. A designated construction access road will be delineated<br />
and adhered to by all construction personnel.<br />
During the construction phase topsoil, subsoil and made ground material will be segregated. Subsoils<br />
will be reused as fill for the construction <strong>of</strong> flood embankments where possible. Any material<br />
unsuitable for re use will be disposed to a suitably licensed facility or permitted site by an approved<br />
contractor to be processed and reused where possible. A Waste Management Plan for the disposal <strong>of</strong><br />
unsuitable materials is to be included in the Construction Management Plan. All trucks are to be<br />
covered during transport <strong>of</strong> materials to prevent uncontrolled release <strong>of</strong> material.<br />
During the construction stage there is potential for run<strong>of</strong>f <strong>of</strong> sediment from construction works / areas<br />
<strong>of</strong> stockpiled material. All materials are to be appropriately stored and covered. All temporary<br />
stockpiles are to be located in predefined locations on site. The proposed methodology for storage <strong>of</strong><br />
materials and locations for stockpiling are to be outlined in the Construction Management Plan in<br />
advance <strong>of</strong> works commencing.<br />
The Construction Management Plan will include a Surface Water Management Plan to minimise the<br />
volume <strong>of</strong> sediment generated and discharged to water courses as a result <strong>of</strong> surface water run<strong>of</strong>f.<br />
The following mitigation measures will be included in the Surface Water Management Plan:-<br />
• Vegetation will be left in place as long as possible prior to excavation and stockpiling <strong>of</strong> soil.<br />
• Stockpiles will be pr<strong>of</strong>iled to facilitate surface water run<strong>of</strong>f to prevent ponding and saturation <strong>of</strong><br />
soil.<br />
• Soil stockpiling should be limited to specific areas <strong>of</strong> the site.<br />
• Surface water from un vegetated / exposed soil surfaces will be intercepted and diverted to<br />
sumps and silt traps to prevent surface water contamination.<br />
• Stockpiling will not be permitted within 50 m <strong>of</strong> any surface water course.<br />
Contractors will be required to submit a Construction Method <strong>Statement</strong> to demonstrate minimum<br />
disturbance to soils during the works.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 13-23 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Containment measures and emergency procedures to deal with accidental spillages <strong>of</strong> fuel and<br />
lubricants from site machinery will be outlined in the Construction Management Plan which will be<br />
developed in advance <strong>of</strong> construction works taking place on site.<br />
Visual checks <strong>of</strong> inert material for signs <strong>of</strong> possible contamination such as staining or strong odours<br />
will be required. Site Investigation in advance <strong>of</strong> works will include testing to identify any<br />
contaminated land. The preliminary site investigations indicate the presence <strong>of</strong> refuse within some<br />
areas <strong>of</strong> made ground. It is proposed that testing <strong>of</strong> this material be undertaken to determine the<br />
nature <strong>of</strong> the waste (inert, non hazardous or hazardous) and any excavated waste material shall be<br />
disposed <strong>of</strong> at a suitably licensed or permitted facility based on the results <strong>of</strong> the WAC testing (waste<br />
acceptance criteria).<br />
Geology<br />
There will be no significant impact <strong>of</strong> the local geology as a result <strong>of</strong> the proposed development<br />
therefore no mitigation measures are required.<br />
No sites <strong>of</strong> geological or geomorphological importance have been identified on a national importance<br />
or county importance scale. There may be potential for exposure <strong>of</strong> bedrock as a result <strong>of</strong> dredging<br />
operation resulting in exposure <strong>of</strong> bedrock during low flow conditions resulting in the potential for a<br />
positive impact as the exposure <strong>of</strong> additional bedrock provides potential for additional information on<br />
geology. However based on the depth to bedrock information this is not considered likely.<br />
Hydrology<br />
The potential pollution <strong>of</strong> surface water will be mitigated through the development <strong>of</strong> containment<br />
measures and emergency procedures to deal with accidental spillages in the Construction<br />
Management Plan. Fuel will be stored within containment bunds within the site to prevent release <strong>of</strong><br />
contaminants into the ground. Where it is necessary to refuel machinery on site this will be done in a<br />
carefully managed manner. An emergency plan to deal with accidental spillages will be drafted and<br />
kept on site during the construction period. The pollution control methods will be outlined within the<br />
Construction Management Plan.<br />
To minimise any impact on the underlying subsurface strata from material spillages all oils, solvents<br />
and paints used during construction will be stored within temporary bunded areas. The design<br />
(volume and construction) <strong>of</strong> all bunds will conform to standard bunding specifications. The retention<br />
capacity <strong>of</strong> bunded areas will be as follows:<br />
• 110% <strong>of</strong> the capacity <strong>of</strong> the largest tank or drum to be stored within the bunded area: and<br />
• 25% <strong>of</strong> the total volume <strong>of</strong> substance which could be stored within the bunded area.<br />
Spill kits will be retained on site, in particular at refuelling areas and other high risk areas, to ensure<br />
that any spillages or leakages are dealt with immediately. All dispensing <strong>of</strong> fuels and hazardous<br />
materials will occur over areas <strong>of</strong> concrete hardstanding or other impermeable surface with drainage<br />
directed to an oil / water interceptor or a suitably constructed bund. No refuelling will be permitted in<br />
or near soil or rock cuttings.<br />
All associated waste residuals will also be stored within temporary bunded storage areas prior to<br />
removal by an appropriate waste disposal contractor for <strong>of</strong>f-site treatment/recycling/disposal. Any<br />
other building waste will be disposed <strong>of</strong> to on site skips for removal by a licensed waste disposal<br />
contractor. An emergency plan to deal with accidental spillage will be drafted and kept on site during<br />
the construction period.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 13-24 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Hydrogeology<br />
In order to minimise the risk <strong>of</strong> adversely impacting on groundwater quality and surface water quality<br />
during the construction phase, procedures for fuel and/or chemical handling and storage will be<br />
developed. The fuel / oil transfer area should be located on an impervious area with a bunding facility<br />
capable <strong>of</strong> handling a major spill. Spill kits / absorbent pads and boom should be used in the event <strong>of</strong><br />
a spillage.<br />
13.5.1 Operational Stage<br />
Soils & Subsoils<br />
No mitigation measures are required.<br />
Geology<br />
No mitigation measures are required.<br />
Hydrology<br />
No mitigation measures are required.<br />
Hydrogeology<br />
The area <strong>of</strong> the proposed flood defence works is served by mains water supply and local authority<br />
sewer network. Local groundwater flow and groundwater levels may be affected during the operation<br />
<strong>of</strong> the scheme but as no significant impacts are predicted no mitigation measures are required.<br />
13.6 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS<br />
In accordance with EIA guidance the interactions between the various environmental factors was also<br />
taken into account as part <strong>of</strong> the environmental impact assessment. There is potential for interaction<br />
between hydrological impacts and aquatic ecology in relation to potential impacts on water quality.<br />
Aquatic ecology is discussed in Chapter 7 and no significant cumulative impacts are foreseen.<br />
13.7 PREDICTED RESIDUAL IMPACTS<br />
Soil & Subsoils<br />
The proposed development will have a permanent positive slight impact as the proposed works will<br />
have the effect <strong>of</strong> mitigating future flooding events. Soils in areas currently being exposed to flooding<br />
will be protected from flooding by the proposed scheme compared to flooding levels previously<br />
experienced.<br />
Geology<br />
There is no significant residual impact predicted in relation to geology as a result <strong>of</strong> the proposed<br />
development. The impact is considered to be a permanent imperceptible negative impact.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 13-25 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Hydrology<br />
Due to the nature <strong>of</strong> the proposed works it is not possible to carry out the proposed drainagescheme<br />
without having a residual impact on water levels during flood events. The proposed scheme will result<br />
in a permanent significant change on water levels during flood events during periods <strong>of</strong> high surface<br />
water levels in the vicinity <strong>of</strong> the flood defence works. The residual impact <strong>of</strong> the proposed works on<br />
the upstream and downstream water levels will be slight.<br />
Hydrogeology<br />
There will be localised impacts on groundwater levels in the vicinity <strong>of</strong> the proposed structures during<br />
the operational stage. This is considered to be a permanent insignificant negative impact.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 13-26 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
14 MATERIAL ASSETS<br />
14.1 INTRODUCTION<br />
This chapter provides an assessment <strong>of</strong> the potential impacts <strong>of</strong> the proposed River Ilen (Skibbereen)<br />
Drainage Scheme on Material Assets and has been carried out in accordance with the <strong>Environmental</strong><br />
Protection Agency’s Advice Notes on Current Practice (in the preparation <strong>of</strong> <strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong><br />
<strong>Statement</strong>s) (EPA, September 2003). The objective is to ensure the sustainable use <strong>of</strong> material<br />
assets and to ensure that they will be available for future generations. This section is based on an<br />
examination <strong>of</strong> relevant site maps, flood defence proposals and reference material.<br />
Material assets are generally considered to be the physical resources in the environment, which may<br />
be either <strong>of</strong> human or natural origin. The potential impacts on transport, utilities, residential and<br />
landuse, natural resources, traffic and construction waste management are considered in this section<br />
<strong>of</strong> the EIS.<br />
The kind <strong>of</strong> material assets to be considered is influenced both by the location and nature <strong>of</strong> the<br />
proposed works:<br />
• Land ownership, use and access;<br />
• The roads network, including effects to traffic;<br />
• <strong>Impact</strong> on major utilities;<br />
• The use <strong>of</strong> natural resources; and<br />
• Navigation on the River Ilen.<br />
Some <strong>of</strong> the issues above, however, are more appropriately described in other sections <strong>of</strong> the EIS.<br />
The impact on the local population, recreational amenities, property, land use and access is examined<br />
in Chapter 6 Community and Socio Economic.<br />
<strong>Impact</strong>s on water resources are examined in Chapter 7 Aquatic Flora and Fauna and Chapter 13<br />
Soils, Geology, Hydrology and Hydrogeology.<br />
14.2 METHODOLOGY<br />
This assessment is based on a desktop review <strong>of</strong> available information. This includes drawings <strong>of</strong> the<br />
proposed scheme illustrated in Figure 1.2 and a description <strong>of</strong> the proposed scheme outlined in<br />
Chapter 2 Project Description <strong>of</strong> the EIS.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 14-1 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
14.3 EXSTING ENVIRONMENT<br />
Infrastructure<br />
14.3.1.1 Roads<br />
The main access routes to Skibbereen Town are the N71 National Primary Route, which connects<br />
Skibbereen to Cork City, Clonakilty, Bantry and Bandon; and a series <strong>of</strong> regional routes including the<br />
R596, R595 and R593 as described in Table 14.1 below:<br />
Table 14.1: Access Routes<br />
Road<br />
Network<br />
National<br />
Road<br />
Regional<br />
Road<br />
Transport Network<br />
N71 – Cork City – Bandon – Clonakilty – Skibbereen – Bantry – Kenmare –<br />
Killarney<br />
R593 – Drimoleague and Dunmanway<br />
R595 - Baltimore<br />
R596 - Castletownsend<br />
The proposed Flood Alleviation works can be divided into the following areas:<br />
• River Ilen Flood Relief Proposals<br />
These works will be carried out adjacent to Schull Road and the Relief Road, which are both<br />
part <strong>of</strong> the N71; the John F. Kennedy Bridge, Levis Quay; North Street and Mill Road which is<br />
part <strong>of</strong> the R593.<br />
• Caol Stream Flood relief Proposals<br />
The works to the Caol Stream will be carried out between Townsend Street and Market Street,<br />
which is part <strong>of</strong> the R595.<br />
• Assolas Stream Flood Relief Proposals<br />
The works proposed to the Assolas Stream will be carried out Between Townsend Street and<br />
the Baltimore Road R595.<br />
• Showgrounds Stream Flood Relief Proposals<br />
The works proposed to the Showgrounds Stream will be carried out in the vicinity <strong>of</strong> the Mill<br />
Road.<br />
• Glencurragh Stream Flood Relief Proposals<br />
A pumping station will be constructed as part <strong>of</strong> these works immediately west <strong>of</strong> The Moorings<br />
Housing Estate.<br />
14.3.1.2 Bridges<br />
The following works are proposed to existing Bridges/ structures as part <strong>of</strong> the Flood Alleviations<br />
Works:-<br />
• Structural protection works to John F. Kennedy Bridge (Ilen 6); and<br />
• The existing pipe/culvert <strong>of</strong> the Assolas Stream under the road to Coronea will be upsized to<br />
provide sufficient capacity to cater for flows in the stream.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 14-2 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
14.3.2 Navigation<br />
The River Ilen is used by a variety <strong>of</strong> small leisure crafts and by the Skibbereen Rowing Club.<br />
There is access via the River Ilen Estuary and an access slip to the Ilen at the Flax Mills houses.<br />
The following works are to be carried out as part <strong>of</strong> the Skibbereen Flood Alleviation Works to areas<br />
that provide access to the River Ilen:<br />
• Where works encroach on the river, any volume lost will be compensated for by widening <strong>of</strong> the<br />
river channel as necessary to ensure that there is no loss <strong>of</strong> navigation.<br />
14.3.3 Major Utilities<br />
The proposed scheme will require crossing <strong>of</strong> major utilities at various locations, as detailed below.<br />
These crossings will be constructed in accordance with the requirements <strong>of</strong> the relevant bodies (the<br />
Electricity Supply Board (ESB), Cork County Council, and Eircom to avoid/minimise disruption to their<br />
services.<br />
Bord Gáis Éireann (BGÉ)<br />
There are no BGE distribution or transmission gas mains in the vicinity <strong>of</strong> the scheme.<br />
Electricity Supply Board (ESB)<br />
Having undertaken preliminary consultation with ESB Networks, RPS has identified that there are<br />
both existing low voltage (10kV) underground cables and overhead lines, medium voltage (35kV)<br />
overhead lines and 38kV overhead lines adjacent and/or crossing the proposed works at the following<br />
locations and as shown in Figure 14.1 ESB Network Drawing (included in Appendix 14 Material<br />
Assets)<br />
• Ilen 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 11, 12, 13;<br />
• Show 1, 2, 3, 4;<br />
• Caol 1, 2, 3, and 4; and<br />
• Assolas 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.<br />
Telecommunications<br />
Eircom<br />
Details <strong>of</strong> Eircom infrastructure adjacent to and/or crossing the proposed works at the following locations<br />
and are mapped in Figure 14.2 Eircom Network Drawing (included in Appendix 14 Material Assets)<br />
• Ilen 10, 11 and 12;<br />
• Show 1, 2; and 4; and<br />
• Caol 1, 2 and 3.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 14-3 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Precautions will be necessary during construction <strong>of</strong> the flood alleviation works in order to ensure<br />
there is no damage to any <strong>of</strong> this infrastructure. These precautions will be determined at detailed<br />
design stage in consultation with Eircom.<br />
BT Ireland and UPC<br />
There is no BT Ireland network or UPC network adjacent to the proposed Flood alleviation works.<br />
Broadband<br />
Cork County Council has completed a fibre duct route along the four main routes out <strong>of</strong> Skibbereen Town<br />
totalling approximately 1,605m, providing a ring <strong>of</strong> fibre between the Town Council building, the Eircom<br />
exchange and the main business locations at the centre <strong>of</strong> the town.<br />
Details <strong>of</strong> the broadband infrastructure adjacent to and/or crossing the proposed works occur at the<br />
following locations and are mapped in Figure 14.3 Broadband Network Drawing (included in Appendix<br />
14 Material Assets)<br />
• Ilen 9; and Caol 1.<br />
Precautions will be necessary during construction <strong>of</strong> the flood alleviation works in order to ensure<br />
there is no damage to any <strong>of</strong> this infrastructure. These precautions will be determined at detailed<br />
design stage in consultation with Cork County Council.<br />
14.3.4 Water and Sanitary Services<br />
Water Supply<br />
The water supply for Skibbereen Town is sourced upstream <strong>of</strong> the Ilen River at Ballyhilty. The water<br />
for the town is treated downstream on the banks <strong>of</strong> the River Ilen.<br />
Water Supply infrastructure is adjacent to and/or crossing the proposed works at the following locations<br />
and mapped in Figure 14.4 Water Supply Network Drawing (included in Appendix 14 Material Assets)<br />
• Ilen 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12;<br />
• Mill 1, 2;<br />
• Show 1, 2, 3, and 4;<br />
• Caol 1, 2, 3, 4; and<br />
• Assolas 1, 2, 4 and 5.<br />
Sanitary Services<br />
Sewerage network infrastructure is adjacent to and/or crossing the proposed works at the following<br />
locations and mapped in Figure 14.5 Sanitary Services Network Drawing (included in Appendix 14<br />
Material Assets)<br />
• Ilen 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14;<br />
• Mill 1;<br />
• Show 1, 2 and 3;<br />
• Caol 1, 2 and 3; and<br />
• Assolas 1, 2 and 4.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 14-4 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Precautions will be necessary during construction <strong>of</strong> the flood alleviation works in order to ensure<br />
there is no damage to any <strong>of</strong> this infrastructure. These precautions will be determined at detailed<br />
design stage in consultation with Cork County Council.<br />
14.3.5 Construction Material and Waste<br />
The construction <strong>of</strong> the proposed Drainage Scheme will require significant excavation works for the<br />
foundations <strong>of</strong> the flood alleviation measures. The excavated material will consist mainly <strong>of</strong> gravels,<br />
sands and broken rock.<br />
It is expected to re-use 97% <strong>of</strong> the topsoil within the works.<br />
Details <strong>of</strong> material for embankment construction will be determined at the detailed design stage.<br />
14.4 POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION<br />
14.4.1 Landownership, Land Use and Access<br />
Disturbances to public and private properties during the construction <strong>of</strong> the River Ilen Drainage<br />
Scheme will be likely to cause short term impacts such as potential noise impacts and visual impacts<br />
(these are discussed in detail in Chapter 9 Landscape and Visual <strong>Impact</strong> Assessment and<br />
Chapter 11 Noise and Vibration). <strong>Impact</strong>s to landownership and properties within vicinity <strong>of</strong> the<br />
proposed scheme are discussed in Chapter 6 Community and Socio-Economic.<br />
14.4.2 Infrastructure<br />
14.4.2.1 Roads<br />
While the areas identified in Section 14.3.1.1 above will be temporarily affected due to the construction <strong>of</strong><br />
the proposed flood alleviation measures, there will however be no loss <strong>of</strong> road space to the defences.<br />
The construction works associated with the proposed flood alleviation works will cause a temporary<br />
negative impact on the traffic in Skibbereen Town particularly at the following locations:-<br />
• Schull Road (N71)<br />
• Relief Road (N71)<br />
• John F. Kennedy Bridge<br />
• Levis Quay<br />
• North Street<br />
• Mill Road (R593)<br />
• Market Street (R595)<br />
• Townsend Street<br />
• Baltimore Road (R595)<br />
• Coronea Drive<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 14-5 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
An indication <strong>of</strong> the level <strong>of</strong> construction traffic is established by estimating the number <strong>of</strong> round trips<br />
required to remove surplus excavated materials from site, deliver construction materials to site and<br />
the daily transport <strong>of</strong> construction workers to and from site.<br />
Table 14.2 gives a breakdown <strong>of</strong> the estimated construction traffic on a trips per day basis over the<br />
course <strong>of</strong> the estimated construction period <strong>of</strong> 24 months.<br />
Table 14.2: Estimated Construction Traffic<br />
Trip Description Number <strong>of</strong> Round Trips Trips Per Day<br />
Removal <strong>of</strong> Surplus Material 5,800 20<br />
Delivery <strong>of</strong> Construction Materials 6200 22<br />
Construction Worker 8400 30<br />
Total 20,400 72<br />
Note: Trips per Day calculated on an estimated construction period <strong>of</strong> 572 working days (Based on 24<br />
months work working 5 days per week in the winter time and 6 days per week in the Summer time)<br />
The Skibbereen Town Development Plan has identified existing issues <strong>of</strong> traffic congestion in the town and<br />
the particular importance <strong>of</strong> the N71 relief road<br />
‘Notwithstanding significant enhancement to the local road network, including the N71 relief<br />
road constructed through the Marsh which diverts all passing traffic heading west away from the<br />
town centre and the construction <strong>of</strong> the Gortnaclohy Link Road which distributes local traffic<br />
from the east away from The Square in the town centre, there still remains heavy traffic flows<br />
and congestion through the town at peak periods. This situation is exacerbated as all traffic<br />
heading south west from the N71 on the R595 to Baltimore must pass through the centre <strong>of</strong> the<br />
town.’<br />
MHL Consulting Engineers were engaged by Cork County Council to carry out a traffic survey in<br />
Skibbereen Town in 2011, Table 14.3 below shows the daily traffic recorded and the percentage increase<br />
in daily traffic that the estimated Construction traffic would make.<br />
Table 14.3: Existing Daily Traffic<br />
Road Name Traffic Numbers % Increase Due to Construction Traffic<br />
N71 Schull Rd Roundabout to<br />
Cork Road Roundabout<br />
6,416 1.1%<br />
John F. Kennedy Bridge 7360 1%<br />
Castletownsend Road 3792 1.9%<br />
While the daily construction traffic impact is shown as being between 1 and 2% increase over the whole<br />
day, it is anticipated that construction activities in conjunction with construction traffic will significantly affect<br />
the flow <strong>of</strong> traffic through Skibbereen Town.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 14-6 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
A detailed traffic management plan must be prepared in accordance with the ‘Guidance for the Control and<br />
Management <strong>of</strong> traffic at Roadworks’ in consultation with Cork County Council to ensure any disruption<br />
and delay is kept to a minimum.<br />
This temporary impact is believed to be outweighed by the long term gains <strong>of</strong> the Drainage Scheme.<br />
14.4.2.2 Bridges<br />
The structural protection works to John F. Kennedy Bridge and the upsizing <strong>of</strong> the existing Assolas<br />
Stream culvert will be carefully designed to ensure no negative impact.<br />
Detailed design <strong>of</strong> these works will be carried out in consultation with the OPW, the IFI and the<br />
structure owners before proposals are finalised.<br />
14.4.3 Navigation<br />
The proposed flood alleviation works have been designed to minimise impact to the navigation <strong>of</strong> the<br />
River Ilen. Details in respect <strong>of</strong> access arrangements are provided in Chapter 6 Community and<br />
Socio-Economic.<br />
14.4.4 Major Utilities<br />
14.4.4.1 Electricity<br />
Precautions will be necessary during construction <strong>of</strong> the flood alleviation works in order to ensure<br />
there is no damage to any overhead or underground cables.<br />
During detailed design, consultation should be undertaken with ESB Networks local transmission<br />
representatives in order to agree safe working procedures and necessary clearances between the<br />
lines and the flood alleviation works, in advance <strong>of</strong> any excavation.<br />
Any proposed ducting <strong>of</strong> utilities crossing the defences from wet side to dry side will be sealed in<br />
order to prevent passage <strong>of</strong> flood waters.<br />
14.4.5 Telecommunications<br />
Eircom<br />
Precautions will be necessary during construction <strong>of</strong> the flood alleviation works in order to ensure there is<br />
no damage to any <strong>of</strong> this infrastructure as indicated in Figure 14.2 Eircom Network Drawing (included in<br />
Appendix 14 Material Assets ). These precautions will be determined at detailed design stage in<br />
consultation with Eircom.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 14-7 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
BT Ireland and UPC<br />
There is no BT Ireland network or UPC network adjacent to the proposed Skibbereen Flood alleviation<br />
works.<br />
Broadband<br />
Precautions will be necessary during construction <strong>of</strong> the flood alleviation works in order to ensure there is<br />
no damage to any <strong>of</strong> this infrastructure as indicated Figure 14.3 Broadband Network Drawing (included<br />
in Appendix 14 Material Assets). These precautions will be determined at detailed design stage in<br />
consultation with Cork County Council.<br />
Any proposed ducting <strong>of</strong> telecommunications crossing the defences from wet side to dry side will be<br />
sealed in order to prevent passage <strong>of</strong> flood waters.<br />
14.4.6 Water and Sanitary Services<br />
Sanitary Services<br />
Precautions will be necessary during construction <strong>of</strong> the flood alleviation works in order to ensure there is<br />
no damage to any <strong>of</strong> this infrastructure as indicated in Figure 14.5 Sanitary Services Network Drawing<br />
(included in Appendix 14 Material Assets). These precautions will be determined at detailed design<br />
stage in consultation with Cork County Council.<br />
Water Supply<br />
Precautions will be necessary during construction <strong>of</strong> the flood alleviation works in order to ensure there is<br />
no damage to any <strong>of</strong> this infrastructure indicated in Figure 14.4 Water Supply Network Drawing<br />
(included in Appendix 14 Material Assets). These precautions will be determined at detailed design stage<br />
in consultation with Cork County Council.<br />
14.4.7 Construction Material and Waste<br />
The potential impact <strong>of</strong> the proposed Drainage Scheme with respect to construction imported<br />
materials and exported waste, is that effective re-use and recycling <strong>of</strong> materials might not be achieved<br />
in the absence <strong>of</strong> a coherent plan.<br />
If waste is not correctly stored on site, it has the potential to cause an environmental impact, such as<br />
the storage <strong>of</strong> fuels and engine oils, which if not managed correctly could result in the water and<br />
ground pollution on or adjacent to the construction works.<br />
Cork County Council operates a Waste Management Policy with a primary aim to minimise the<br />
amount <strong>of</strong> waste going to landfill.<br />
A Waste Management Plan will be prepared by the Contractor and approved prior to construction for<br />
the scheme in accordance with all current and applicable waste management legislation; the Waste<br />
Management Act (1996) and the DoEHLG document ‘Best Practice Guidelines for the Preparation <strong>of</strong><br />
Waste Management Plans for Construction and Demolition Projects (2006)’.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 14-8 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Details <strong>of</strong> materials required for flood alleviation measures will be determined at the detailed design<br />
stage, with every effort to source materials from a local and sustainable origin where practicable.<br />
14.5 RESIDUAL IMPACT<br />
The residual impact <strong>of</strong> the proposed River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme is expected to be<br />
positive, and will include:-<br />
• The provision <strong>of</strong> flood alleviation measures including flood embankments and flood walls which<br />
will reduce the potential for land and property flooding in Skibbereen Town; and<br />
• A positive impact on property and land use within the surrounding area.<br />
The proposed development will have a positive influence on Skibbereen by protecting property and<br />
land within the town from flooding risk once the construction <strong>of</strong> the flood alleviation measures is<br />
complete.<br />
Overall, it is expected that the scheme have a positive impact on property and land use within the<br />
town. Any potential disruption to property, land use, services and existing transport networks in the<br />
vicinity <strong>of</strong> the flood works will be <strong>of</strong> a temporary nature and limited to the construction stage <strong>of</strong> the<br />
scheme. Good design incorporating appropriate precautionary measures agreed at detailed design<br />
stages and the implementation <strong>of</strong> appropriate site management measures during the construction<br />
phase will minimise inconvenience to adjoining residential properties, and reduce disturbances to<br />
utilities, and infrastructure.<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 14-9 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
15 INTERACTION OF THE FOREGOING<br />
It is necessary that the interactions between the environmental factors be considered to ensure that<br />
potential interactive effects <strong>of</strong> the project can be identified. Table 15.1 illustrates the interaction <strong>of</strong><br />
impacts as identified in the report. It demonstrates that impacts resulting from one aspect <strong>of</strong> the<br />
environment can have a direct effect on other elements <strong>of</strong> the environment (receptors) i.e. interaction<br />
<strong>of</strong> impacts. A receptor is defined as a factor <strong>of</strong> the natural or man-made environment such as a<br />
person, water, air or a plant that is potentially affected by an impact.<br />
Schedule 2 <strong>of</strong> the EIA 1999 Regulations (SI No. 93 <strong>of</strong> 1999) requires consideration <strong>of</strong> the interactions<br />
between the various environmental factors:-<br />
Article 25 2(b)<br />
• “a description <strong>of</strong> the aspects <strong>of</strong> the environment likely to be significantly affected by the<br />
proposed development, including in particular;<br />
• human beings, fauna, flora,<br />
• soil, water, air, climatic factors and the landscape,<br />
• material assets, including the architectural; archaeological, and cultural heritage, and<br />
• the inter-relationship between the above factors”.<br />
The environmental factors and impacts <strong>of</strong> the proposed development have been assessed individually<br />
and mitigation measures recommended in the individual Chapters, where required. It is also<br />
important to analyse any interactions or cumulative effects that could result in impacts having a knock<br />
on effect on other elements <strong>of</strong> the environment.<br />
For the purposes <strong>of</strong> the EIA, the potential impacts <strong>of</strong> the drainage scheme are considered in terms <strong>of</strong><br />
impacts on each <strong>of</strong> the discrete environmental topic areas. In reality, topic areas such as ‘water<br />
quality’, ‘ecology’ or ‘landscape’ cannot be considered in isolation since changes affecting one factor<br />
may <strong>of</strong>ten have secondary implications for other areas. Thus, if one impact <strong>of</strong> the scheme is to alter<br />
the quality and quantity <strong>of</strong> a watercourse, flora and fauna may be affected as a secondary effect.<br />
Under some circumstances, it is possible for the secondary or indirect impacts to be more significant<br />
than the changes that triggered them.<br />
Table 15.1 illustrates the interactions and cumulative impacts that could result as identified in the EIS<br />
if no mitigation measures are put in place for any impacts identified. It demonstrates that impacts<br />
resulting from one aspect <strong>of</strong> the environment can have a direct effect on other elements <strong>of</strong> the<br />
environment (receptors). A receptor is defined as a factor <strong>of</strong> the natural or manmade environment<br />
such as a person, water, air or a plant that is potentially affected by an impact<br />
RPS/MCE0703RP0004 15-1 Rev. F01
River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Table 15.1: Interaction <strong>of</strong> <strong>Impact</strong>s<br />
Initial <strong>Impact</strong><br />
Identified in EIS as<br />
having an Interaction/<br />
Cumulative Effect on<br />
Receptor<br />
Human<br />
Beings<br />
Noise<br />
Flora &<br />
Fauna<br />
Landscape<br />
& Visual<br />
Cultural<br />
Heritage<br />
Soils,<br />
Geology<br />
& Hydrogeology<br />
Water<br />
Quality<br />
and<br />
Fisheries<br />
Human Beings X X X X X X<br />
Noise X X<br />
Flora & Fauna X X X X<br />
Landscape & Visual X X<br />
Cultural Heritage X X<br />
Soils, Geology &<br />
Hydrogeology<br />
Water Quality and<br />
Fishers<br />
X X X X X<br />
X X X<br />
In particular the following interactions are likely to occur:<br />
Socio-Economic and Noise and Air Quality<br />
The construction <strong>of</strong> the proposed development will give rise to some disruption for the resident,<br />
working and visiting population. The construction phase is likely to involve works including<br />
earthworks, pile driving, excavation, placing <strong>of</strong> cast in situ concrete, placing <strong>of</strong> pipes and masonry<br />
facing along with other construction processes as set out in Section 1.1 <strong>of</strong> this EIS. Potential impacts<br />
include construction noise, and issues with dust and vibration, arising from the construction processes<br />
and from associated construction traffic. Noise from construction works and disruption could result in<br />
adverse impacts on sensitive land uses, such as schools.<br />
Socio-Economic and Landscape and Visual<br />
With regard to landscape and visual impacts, evidence from the landscape character <strong>of</strong> the site and<br />
the zone <strong>of</strong> visual influence for the proposed proposal demonstrates that the broader landscape<br />
character area and visual context around the drainage scheme project has the capacity to absorb<br />
these proposed amendments and the proposal is acceptable in landscape and visual terms.<br />
Views <strong>of</strong> the river from the town (the river being an important amenity feature in this regard) will be<br />
impacted temporarily where works, including in-stream works are being carried out.<br />
Visual impact from temporary fencing, sheet piles, dewatering equipment and other structures and<br />
plant required during the construction phase have the potential to impact adversely on the amenities<br />
<strong>of</strong> land uses in the recreational and tourism sectors for the residential, working and visiting population.<br />
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<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
Socio-Economic and Water Quality & Fisheries<br />
The layout <strong>of</strong> the proposed scheme was designed to minimise significant regrading works, externsive<br />
culverting and other wirks that may impact on fisheries interested. Recommendations from IFI as<br />
highlighted during consultation have been considered and incorporated into the scheme where<br />
relevant.<br />
Socio-Economic and Cultural Heritage<br />
The layout <strong>of</strong> the scheme has been designed in order to minimise impacts on all identified<br />
archaeological sites and structures <strong>of</strong> architectural heritage significance. The areas affected by the<br />
proposed development have been deemed to be <strong>of</strong> low archaeological potential based on rigorous<br />
desk-based research and field surveys. However, archaeological monitoring will be conducted on all<br />
ground works during the construction <strong>of</strong> the drainage scheme, including areas where any in channel<br />
works are proposed. In the event that archaeological artefacts, features or deposits are uncovered<br />
during monitoring, then the National Monuments Service will be notified immediately. Preservation in<br />
situ (avoidance) or preservation by record (excavation) <strong>of</strong> the features may be required.<br />
Water Quality and Flora and Fauna<br />
Changes to baseline terrestrial flora and fauna are known to indirectly impact water quality. For<br />
example impacts on terrestrial ecology such as removal <strong>of</strong> bank-side trees can impact on aquatic<br />
ecology by removing sources <strong>of</strong> food, shade and cover. The spread <strong>of</strong> invasive species can be<br />
caused by poor work practices. <strong>Impact</strong>s on fish populations can impact on piscivorous species such<br />
as otter and kingfisher. These impacts are discussed in Chapter 7 Aquatic Flora and Fauna.<br />
Provided the mitigation measures outlined in both chapters 7 and 8 are effectively implemented no<br />
significant, long-term detrimental impacts on aquatic or terrestrial ecology are envisaged<br />
In addition a strict construction and environmental management plan, safe storage <strong>of</strong> materials and<br />
the existence <strong>of</strong> adequate silt traps on site should be sufficient protection for preventing adverse<br />
impacts on surrounding surface and groundwater watercourses. Stringent drainage mitigation is<br />
contained in this EIS and will be implemented by the Contractor as part <strong>of</strong> the CEMP.<br />
Socio-Economic and Material Assets<br />
The construction phase may cause some disruption to existing businesses, visiting and resident<br />
populations due to traffic, works close to premises, road closures etc. However these impacts will be<br />
for a temporary period only and no significant impacts such as job losses due to this construction<br />
phase are envisaged.<br />
Visiting and resident population utilising the town’s amenity walk (Slí na Sláinte route) and/or the cycle<br />
routes based in the town will experience disruption when construction activities are being carried out<br />
in the areas where these are located. These are considered to be temporary, slight, negative<br />
impacts. Pedestrian routes and cycle routes will be affected for relatively short distances at the start<br />
and finish <strong>of</strong> loops.<br />
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River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
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<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
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RPS/MCE0703RP0004 16 - 1 Rev. F01
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<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
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<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
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River Ilen (Skibbereen) Drainage Scheme<br />
<strong>Environmental</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>Statement</strong> –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
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<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
PROJECT REFERENCES<br />
Aalen, F.H.A. et al (1997) Atlas <strong>of</strong> the Irish Rural Landscape. Cork University Press.<br />
Barnard, T. (2006) ‘Wrecks and reckonings in West Cork’, Skibbereen and District Historical Society,<br />
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Creedon, C. (1986) The Cork, Bandon and South Coast Railway, <strong>Vol</strong>.1: 1849-1899, Cork.<br />
Cronin Miller Consulting Engineers (2007) Feasibility Study: River Ilen & Caol stream redevelopment<br />
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Fahy, E. M. (1969) ‘Early settlement in the Skibbereen area’, JCHAS 75, 147–56.<br />
Lewis, S. (1837) A topographical dictionary <strong>of</strong> Ireland. London: Lewis & Co.<br />
NRA (2005) Guidelines for the Assessment <strong>of</strong> Archaeological Heritage <strong>Impact</strong>s <strong>of</strong> National Road<br />
Schemes.<br />
NRA (2005) Guidelines for the Assessment <strong>of</strong> Architectural Heritage <strong>Impact</strong>s <strong>of</strong> National Road<br />
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St. Fachtna’s High School (2005) And time stood still: A pictorial history <strong>of</strong> Skibbereen and District –<br />
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St. Fachtna’s High School (2008) And time stood still: A pictorial history <strong>of</strong> Skibbereen and District –<br />
<strong>Vol</strong>ume II.<br />
Skibbereen and District Historical Society Journal (2005-12)<br />
Waddell, J. (1998) The Prehistoric Archaeology <strong>of</strong> Ireland. Bray: Wordwell Ltd.<br />
Zajac, S., Cronin, J. & Kiely, J. (1995) Urban Archaeological Survey <strong>of</strong> County Cork. Archaeological<br />
Survey <strong>of</strong> Ireland.<br />
Consulted web resources<br />
Cork County Council website: www.corkcoco.ie<br />
Irish wrecks database (un<strong>of</strong>ficial website): irishwrecksonline@yahoo.co.uk<br />
Local history: www.skibbereenhistory.yolasite.com<br />
http://rippleskibbereen.com<br />
National Monuments Service website: www.archaeology.ie<br />
National Inventory <strong>of</strong> Architectural Heritage website: www.buildings<strong>of</strong>ireland.ie<br />
National excavations database: www.excavations.ie<br />
National Library <strong>of</strong> Ireland: http://www.nli.ie/<br />
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<strong>Vol</strong>ume II <strong>Main</strong> <strong>Document</strong><br />
NPWS website – www.npws.ie<br />
Placenames database <strong>of</strong> Ireland: www.logainm.ie<br />
RIAC River Ilen Anglers Club (2011) http://www.riverilenanglersclub.ie/<br />
Skibbereen Town Council: www.skibbereentowncouncil.ie/<br />
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