LATEX and WinEdt for MA4053

have different sizes and place the limits in different places depending on
whether they are used in-line or in a display. For instance when the previous
example is displayed we get
n∑
i=1
i = 1 n(n + 1)
2
where the sum is now given by a bigger symbol and the limits are placed on
top and bottom, rather than to the side. This can be altered by hand — see
the section below.
Multiple integrals can either be achieved by repeating \int the required
number of times (and using \! to get better spacing), or, if there is only one
subscript giving the range of integration, then \iint, \iiint, \iiiint and
\idotsint give ∫∫ , ∫∫∫ , ∫∫∫∫ and ∫ ··· ∫ , where the spacing between the
integral signs is done automatically.
Set and vector space operations
Unions, intersections and set differences are given by the commands \cup,
\cap and \setminus when dealing with a given (finite) numbers of sets.
For unions and intersections of families of sets use \bigcup and \bigcap.
For example A ∪ B and ⋂ ∞
i=1 A i are given respectively by $A \cup B$ and
$\bigcap_{i=1}^\infty A_i$.
Direct sums (⊕) are given by \oplus, and tensor products (⊗) are given
by \otimes, and again both of these have the larger variants \bigoplus and
\bigotimes for use on families of vector spaces, rings etc.
As with integrals, the big versions of all of these symbols behave differently
when in displays, compared to in-line use.
Text and display styles
Sometimes the change in behaviour concerning placing of limits and/or the
size of the symbol for commands such as \int and \bigcup are not what you
want to happen. This behaviour can be over-ruled by use of the \textstyle
and \displaystyle commands which change it to the named variety. For
example normally $\bigcup_{i=1}^n A_i$ produces ⋃ n
i=1 A i, but when enclosed
in a \displaystyle command gives A i . The relevant symbols
n⋃
that
change are listed in Table 7.
13
i=1