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Annual report (20-F) - Ono

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second telephony lines. The networks are constructed with excess fiber and duct capacity in order to<br />

allow future upgrades.<br />

The broadband Internet and cable television networks use a hybrid fiber-coaxial transmission<br />

system. The system is broadband and operates over a wide frequency. The forward path uses the range<br />

from 86 megahertz to 862 megahertz, and is capable of carrying voice, data, video and television<br />

channels. The segment up to 630 megahertz is currently used for broadband internet and analog cable<br />

television services and a further 232 megahertz of capacity is used or reserved for digital television,<br />

video-on-demand (“VOD”) and future digital services. Once we have migrated all of our television<br />

customers to our digital television services, we will reuse the analog segment for other services. This<br />

network is also designed to support reverse path operations on bandwidths up to 65 megahertz allowing<br />

interactivity between individual homes and the head-ends.<br />

The digital television system collects all contributions centrally in Spain (except for local<br />

channels which are inserted locally), digitizes the content and distributes it (via our national backbone<br />

network) to the regional head-ends, which act as the insertion points of the digital contents into the<br />

metropolitan network. The analog cable television service is distributed through an analog platform with<br />

head-ends located in each of the Spanish franchises. Unlike with the digital service, the programming<br />

material is collected at each head-end (not centrally), reconfigured to meet our specifications, and<br />

transmitted through optical fibers.<br />

Backbone Network<br />

Iberdrola, a large Spanish electrical utility provider, leases us high capacity fiber-optic cable<br />

linking our Spanish franchises in eastern and northern Spain with each other and with the city of Madrid.<br />

ADIF (formerly RENFE, the Spanish national railway company) provides us with similar fiber linking<br />

Andalucía with Madrid. We completed the lighting of our national backbone network in <strong>20</strong>01 and we<br />

have since then added almost full redundancy to ensure that we can maintain a high quality of service and<br />

network availability for our customers. By the end of <strong>20</strong>04, we were operating 7,575 route kilometers of<br />

high capacity, fiber-optic cable national network.<br />

Our national backbone network has been augmented with a national IP network, which serves as<br />

the basis for our interactive digital television and high-speed Internet services. Our network consists of<br />

twelve nodes connected through high capacity circuits based on our DWDM national network. The IP<br />

network also has multi-protocol label switching (“MPLS”) capability, which allows for the provision of a<br />

wide range of services and in particular better support for business services. It also makes the network<br />

more secure, easier to expand and less costly to operate, in addition to making it simpler to offer value<br />

added business services such as virtual private networks.<br />

The diagram set forth below provides a high level, graphical depiction of our network topology:<br />

General Network Topology<br />

To Interconnection<br />

and<br />

National Network<br />

Primary<br />

Node<br />

Fibre ring<br />

(2 x 128 fibres)<br />

or (1 x 128) + (1 x 96)<br />

Fibre ring<br />

(1 x 80 fibres<br />

and 1 x 48 or 64)<br />

Large &<br />

Medium<br />

Businesses<br />

Access<br />

Network<br />

(Star)<br />

8 Fibres<br />

Terminal<br />

Node<br />

Coaxial &<br />

Pair cables<br />

Amplifiers<br />

125 hp<br />

Taps<br />

Headend<br />

Primary<br />

Trunk Network<br />

Primary<br />

Node<br />

Large: > 50,000 hp<br />

Medium:<br />

30,000 hp<br />

Small:<br />

< 16,000 hp<br />

Primary<br />

Node<br />

Secondary<br />

Node<br />

Secondary<br />

Node<br />

Secondary<br />

Trunk<br />

Network<br />

Secondary<br />

Node<br />

Terminal<br />

Node<br />

Secondary<br />

Node<br />

Secondary<br />

Node<br />

Access Network<br />

(Ring)<br />

Terminal<br />

Node<br />

125 hp<br />

Terminal<br />

Node<br />

125 hp<br />

125 hp<br />

Terminal<br />

Node<br />

Terminal<br />

Node<br />

Terminal<br />

Node<br />

Apartments,<br />

SOHO´s,<br />

Single<br />

dwellings<br />

STM- 4 at 622 MB/sec<br />

STM-16 at 2.48 GB/sec<br />

2,000 hp/node<br />

STM-1 at 155 MB/sec<br />

Terminal<br />

Node<br />

500 hp/node<br />

STM-0 at 52 MB/sec<br />

45

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