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Annual report (20-F) - Ono

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The chart below sets forth our organizational structure as of December 31, <strong>20</strong>04:<br />

Grupo Corporativo ONO<br />

RETECAL<br />

100%<br />

Cableuropa<br />

100%<br />

ONO Finance (Holdings) Ltd<br />

98%<br />

ONO Finance PLC<br />

2%<br />

Valencia<br />

100%<br />

Mediterranea Valencia Norte<br />

100%<br />

Mediterranea Valencia Sur Sur<br />

100%<br />

We are in the process of merging Valencia, Mediterranea Norte and Mediterranea Sur with<br />

Cableuropa. We are also in the process of merging Retecal with Cableuropa through a capital increase<br />

subscribed by GCO in exchange for 100% of the capital stock of Retecal.<br />

D. Property, Plant and Equipment<br />

Our Networks<br />

Local Networks<br />

Our local networks have been designed using a high-speed fiber-optic based system, capable of<br />

providing a full range of analog and digital services. The local networks are currently capable of<br />

supporting telephony, broadband Internet and cable television services. All of our services are provided<br />

through the same distribution system thus creating economies of scale. Fiber routing is designed to<br />

provide route diversity to the fiber junctions, or nodes, thereby protecting against loss of service resulting<br />

from cable damage.<br />

Our fiber-optic ring architecture is used to transport signals from local operations centers to<br />

primary nodes, or hub points, serving <strong>20</strong>,000 to 60,000 homes in urban areas. The local operations centers<br />

generally house both a cable television head-end and a telephony and data switch. The head-end<br />

assembles the cable television signals for transmission to the customers. The primary nodes are in turn<br />

connected to secondary nodes along a secondary fiber-optic ring network. These secondary nodes are<br />

optical distribution points each serving around 2,000 homes, which distribute fiber to the home terminal<br />

nodes. The home terminal nodes serve 500 homes.<br />

For telephony, the final points for distribution to homes and small businesses are cross-connect<br />

boxes from which the final connection to a customer’s home is made using twisted-pair copper wire. The<br />

terminal nodes transform the optical signals back into electrical format and transmit them onwards on<br />

coaxial cable or copper pairs to the customer’s premises. Cross-connect boxes are connected to the<br />

terminal nodes by twisted pair copper wire.<br />

Our 15 telephone switches are the core of our telephony business. Each switch is capable of<br />

handling up to 100,000 customers. The telephony network has been designed so that, as penetration and<br />

traffic increases, an incremental upgrade of the equipment will enable additional capacity to be easily<br />

provided at minimal cost. All the network’s telephony equipment is powered by battery backed-up power<br />

supplies, in order to meet the current legal requirement to provide at least 12 hours of service in the event<br />

of a power failure.<br />

For broadband Internet and cable television services, coaxial cables are used to transport the<br />

signals to homes, and amplifiers are used to boost the signal levels. Customer taps are used to serve<br />

individual dwellings. These typically serve four or eight homes per tap. Amplifiers are mounted in sealed<br />

units, generally on the façades of buildings. The final connection to the home, known as the drop, uses a<br />

combination of coaxial and copper pair cable. The coaxial part carries the broadband and cable television<br />

signals both to and from the homes. Two copper pairs are also incorporated in each drop to allow for<br />

44

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