Paper Conservation: Decisions & Compromises

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Acknowledgments The authors would like to acknowledge the important contributions from the rest of the Ptolemy research team, Dan DeSimone, Fenella France and Eliza Spaulding, as well as Cindy Connelly- Ryan, Meghan Wilson, John Hessler and Carrie McNeal. Authors Lynn Brostoff | Sylvia R. Albro | John Bertonaschi Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., USA, lbrostoff@loc.gov References 1 Albro, Sylvia, John Bertonaschi, Lynn Brostoff, Daniel De Simone, Fenella France, and Eliza Spaulding. 2011. Solving the Ptolemy Puzzle. Book and Paper Annual 30: 5-8. 2 Brostoff, Lynn, Sylvia Albro, John Bertonaschi, and Eliza Spaulding. 2011. The Relationship between Inherent Material Evidence in Cultural Heritage and Preservation Treatment Planning: Solving the Ptolemy Puzzle, Part II. Book and Paper Annual 30: 29-33. 3 Sylvia Albro, John Bertonaschi, Lynn Brostoff, Dan DeSimone, Fenella France and Eliza Spaulding. The Papers in the Ptolemy Puzzle. Oral presentation by Sylvia Albro. 31 st Congress of the International Association of Paper Historians (IPH), 17 Sept. 2012, Basel, Switzerland. IPH Congress Proceedings, vol. 19: in press. 4 Lynn Brostoff, Sylvia Albro, Alice Han, Josefina Maldonado, Jae Anderson, John W.N. Brown, and Michael Glascock. In press. Quantitative X-ray Fluorescence Methodology for Examination of Cultural Heritage on Paper. In Research and Technical Study Specialty Group Postprints, The American Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works (AIC) Annual Conference, May 10, 2012: http://www.conservationus.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=page. viewpage&pageid=1663 TABLE II: Metal Content in Nona Asiae Tabula Map Paper Before and After Treatment As Determined by XRF ave. ppm before treatment (no offset areas) variation in paper ave. ppm after treatment step 1 total change ave. ppm after treatment step 2 total change ave. ppm after treatment step 3 total change ave. ppm after treatment step 4 total change K 11000 12% 7800 (-29%) 8100 (-26%) 1100 (-89%) 980 (-91%) Ca 4500 9% 4500 nd 4800 nd 4300 nd 5300 slight gain Fe 730 7% 670 nd 710 nd 730 nd 710 nd Cu 330 28% 310 nd 340 nd 410 nd 420 nd Ca 6.2 6.7 6.8 5.9 7.5 Fe nd = not detected ICOM-CC Graphic Documents Working Group Interim Meeting | Vienna 17 – 19 April 2013 32
TABLE I: Suction Table Treatment Process for Nona Asiae Tabula Map STEP VERSO TREATMENT RECTO TREATMENT RESULTS 1 Overall spray on verso and blotter #1 infused with 50:50 solution* Blotters #2-3 infused with 50:50 solution* 2 Humidification between Goretex; Blotter #1 infused with aqueous Ca(HCO3)2 (1.10 g/l in DI water) Blotters #2-4 infused with Ca(HCO3)2 3 Humidification between Goretex; Blotters #1-4 infused with Ca(OH)2 pH 8.5 Sprayed overall with 50:50 solution* Sprayed overall with 50:50 solution* Map margins brushed/ sprayed with 50:50 solution* Areas of offset brushed with dilute pH 9.0 NH4OH Select offset stains in map reserve areas brushed with EDTA** or Ca phytate± solutions twice Select offset areas in colorants brushed with EDTA** or Ca Phytate± solutions twice Brushing and spraying with 50:50 solution* in treated areas (rinsing) NaBH4*** brushed in treated reserve offset areas twice All treated offset areas brushed with 50:50 solution* six times (rinsing) Map image reserve areas and map margins brushed with 50:50 solution* twice •XRF: alum-K reduced ≤ 30% in paper margin areas, as detected by K •XRF: K detected all over blotter #1, but not in #2 •XRF: no detectable change in Ca, Fe, or Cu content in margin areas of paper •XRF: effect of ammoniated water inconclusive •UV: fluorescent material from map deposited in the blotter overall •UV: Some color sank and transferred to blotters #1-2 •Paper brightened overall •Ammoniated water slightly lightened offset staining • XRF: Cu reduced ~ 75% in offset treated with aqueous EDTA, but less with aqueous Ca phytate • XRF: Fe and Ca content in paper unchanged, but Ca reduced in treated offset areas • XRF: alum-K reduced ~ 85-90% in treated offsets, but not further reduced in paper • XRF: no detectable increase in Cu in paper adjacent to two treated areas within margin of error • UV: fluorescent material transferred overall from map paper to blotters. • UV: EDTA-treated areas and adjacent blotters strongly fluorescent • UV: fluorescent bleach residue completely transferred to adjacent blotters by 3rd blotter • EDTA lightened offset stains, but also lightened some organic colorants • Ca phytate did not markedly lighten offset, but colors unaffected • NaBH4 lightened offset, in Ca phytate and in EDTA treated areas. • XRF: alum-K reduced ~ 80-90% in rinsed areas (to levels found in maps without 20th c. restoration) • XRF: no spreading of Cu detected in paper areas near verdigris above margin of error (i.e. up to ~ 500 ppm) • UV: some fluorescent material still coming out of the map, but only at the edges • No visible color transfer into blotters 4 Humidification between Goretex; Blotters #1-3 infused with Ca(HCO3)2 Reserve areas and margins: rinsing and deacidification with 50:50 solution* followed by dilute Ca(OH)2 Tidelines: sprayed with 50:50 solution* • XRF: Fe content in paper unchanged • XRF: Cu further reduced to over 90% • XRF: slight gain in Ca uptake possible • UV: fluorescence on map only evident in areas treated with EDTA and NaBH4 • Map pH adjusted from 4.0-4.7 to 6.0-6.5 • Tidelines lessened successfully • No visible or UV visible color transfer into blotters *50:50 solution = 50% ethanol and 50% water adjusted to pH 8.0 with Ca(OH)2. **0.1M ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid in water adjusted to pH 8.0 with ammonium hydroxide ***0.25% sodium borohydride in 50:50 solution* ±1.75 mmol/L calcium phytate according to H. Neevel formula ICOM-CC Graphic Documents Working Group Interim Meeting | Vienna 17 – 19 April 2013 33
Page 1 and 2: Paper Conservation: Decisions & Com
Page 3 and 4: Content Lieve Watteeuw Introduction
Page 5: Michael Wheeler | Nicholas Barnard
Page 8 and 9: New Trends in Preservation in the D
Page 10 and 11: and monitoring against adverse envi
Page 12 and 13: Steve Hobaica, Patrick Loughney, Ma
Page 14 and 15: The Albums of Duke Charles de Croÿ
Page 16 and 17: Fig. 4: turning the supporting pape
Page 18 and 19: Fig. 2: Close-up of some of the los
Page 20 and 21: manuscript paper, the binding would
Page 22 and 23: Figure 2 partial sewing: the blue d
Page 24 and 25: Books in Exhibitions: History and A
Page 26 and 27: Fig. 4 Museum in London and the pre
Page 28 and 29: Risk and Safety of Illuminated Manu
Page 30 and 31: Fig. 2 Atlas, the Crown papers are
Page 34 and 35: Verdigris I: Compromises in Conserv
Page 36 and 37: Verdigris 2: Wet Chemical Treatment
Page 38 and 39: Integrated Modelling: The Demograph
Page 40 and 41: Fig. 3: The consequence of 50 insta
Page 42 and 43: Characterisation of Historical Pape
Page 44 and 45: pling is required, tide-lines are c
Page 46 and 47: Study of Phytate Chelating Treatmen
Page 48 and 49: Evaluation of stochiometric effects
Page 50 and 51: Practice and Progress in the Conser
Page 52 and 53: Fig. 1 Fig. 2 plex picture and prov
Page 54 and 55: Fig. 2: Coloured paper strips place
Page 56 and 57: the fire (on the other hand paper,
Page 58 and 59: inform decisions on conservation tr
Page 60 and 61: This paper summarizes what is known
Page 62 and 63: 2. Methods An interdisciplinary met
Page 64 and 65: Fig. 4: Dyed endpaper pasted at the
Page 66 and 67: Preservation of Architectural Drawi
Page 68 and 69: Notes 1 According Salvador Muñoz V
Page 70 and 71: course of time under the influence
Page 72 and 73: the curators in review of the treat
Page 74 and 75: cellulose powders with cellulose et
Page 76 and 77: Authors Xing Kung Liao Conservator
Page 78 and 79: Fig. 2: Our Railroad Workers and th
Page 80 and 81: The Restoration of Cartoons at the
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tation presumes that the works are
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To Remove or Retain? - Extensive In
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Fig. 4 repeated applications until
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The Migration of Hydroxy Propyl Cel
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tion issue allowed a visualisation
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Ethical Considerations Concerning t
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emoved with damp cotton swab. Then
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Conservation of a Book of Hours fro
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Fig. 4: Pigments movement and conse
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Notes 1 Brazilwood lake, lapis lazu
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pages, which would easily have torn
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The Microflora Inhabiting Leonardo
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Acknowledgments The authors would l
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Microorganisms in Books - First Res
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hyaline white mycelia on and in the
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Deconstructing the Reconstruction E
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Fig. 3: Poster after 2012 conservat
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Conservators’ Investigation of Ch
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had been used, may be false-positiv
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function will provide a holistic pi
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Fig. 2: Patriarchs of Chan Buddhism
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ing techniques, which build upon fu
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Applications of Image Processing So
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Fig. 3 Fig. 4 images in a single wi
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Analysing Deterioration Artifacts i
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Fig. 3 similarity maps. Similarity
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Strategy in the Case of a Wrecked P
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without preliminary consolidation.
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Fiber Optic Reflectance Spectroscop
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Fig. 3: 18 th century paper seal, i
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Fig. 3 Fig. 4 of responsibilities r
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Characterising the Origin of Carbon
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Fig. 3: Sampling depth for ATR spec
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Fig. 2: Filmoplast® tape attached
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Pluchart, F. 1971. Pop Art Et Cie.
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Fig. 3: The reverse of left screen
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porting the reverse of severe creas
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Paper Conservation: Decisions & Compromises

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