Surface Modification of Cellulose Acetate with Cutinase and ...
Surface Modification of Cellulose Acetate with Cutinase and ...
Surface Modification of Cellulose Acetate with Cutinase and ...
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3. Role <strong>of</strong> enzymes in textile industry<br />
General Introduction: Application <strong>of</strong> Enzymes for Textile Fibres Processing<br />
Textile processing has benefited greatly on both environmental <strong>and</strong> product quality<br />
aspects through the use <strong>of</strong> enzymes. From the 7000 enzymes known, only about 75 are<br />
commonly used in textile industry processes (Qu<strong>and</strong>t <strong>and</strong> Kuhl, 2001).<br />
The principal enzymes applied in textile industry are hydrolases <strong>and</strong> oxidoreductases.<br />
The group <strong>of</strong> hydrolases includes amylases, celulases, proteases, pectinases <strong>and</strong><br />
lipases/esterases. Amylases were the only enzymes applied in textile processing until<br />
the 1980’s. These enzymes are still used to remove starch-based sizes from fabrics after<br />
weaving. Cellulases have been employed to enzymatically remove fibrils <strong>and</strong> fuzz<br />
fibres <strong>and</strong> have also successfully been introduced to the cotton textile industry <strong>and</strong> later<br />
for lyocell processes. Further applications have been found for these enzymes to<br />
produce the aged look <strong>of</strong> denim <strong>and</strong> other garments. The potential <strong>of</strong> proteolytic<br />
enzymes was assessed for the removal <strong>of</strong> wool-fibre-scales resulting in improved antifelting<br />
behaviour. Despite the fact that investigations in this area are still on going, an<br />
industrial process has not yet been achieved. Esterases have been successfully studied<br />
for the partial hydrolysis <strong>of</strong> synthetic fibres surface, improving their hydrophilicity <strong>and</strong><br />
further finishing steps. Besides hydrolytic enzymes, oxidoreductases have also been<br />
realized as powerful tools in various textile-processing steps. Catalases have been used<br />
to remove H2O2 after bleaching reducing in this way water consumption. A recent book<br />
edited by Wolfgang Aehle (2007), contains an excellent chapter dealing <strong>with</strong> enzyme<br />
technology application in the textile processing industry. A more detailed description <strong>of</strong><br />
both the most common group <strong>of</strong> enzymes applied in textile industry <strong>and</strong> the processes<br />
where they are applied will be given in this review.<br />
4. Amylases<br />
Amylases are enzymes which hydrolyse starch molecules to give diverse products<br />
including dextrins <strong>and</strong> progressively smaller polymers composed <strong>of</strong> glucose units<br />
(Windish <strong>and</strong> Mhatre, 1965). This starch hydrolysing enzymes are classified according<br />
to the type <strong>of</strong> sugars produced by enzymatic reaction: α-amylases <strong>and</strong> β-amylases. α-<br />
Amylases are produced by a variety fungi, yeasts <strong>and</strong> bacteria, however enzymes from<br />
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