Nuclear Production of Hydrogen, Fourth Information Exchange ...

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APPLICATION OF NUCLEAR-PRODUCED HYDROGEN FOR ENERGY AND INDUSTRIAL USE Proposed by the author is, as shown in Figure 4, a process combining the synergistic hydrogen production method using carbon resources (fossil fuels, biomass, CO 2 , etc.) and nuclear heat, with the fuel cell power generation using this hydrogen, thus converting both chemical and nuclear energies into electricity efficiently (Hori, 2007, 2007a, 2007b). Figure 4: Concept of synergistic electricity generation using carbon resources and nuclear energy Carbon Resources (Fossil Fuels, Biomass) Nuclear Energy (Heat) Water Steam Reformer CO 2 CH 4 +2H 2 O --> CO 2 +4H 2 -165KJ/mol (Nuclear Heat) Hydrogen H 2 +1/2O 2 -->H 2 O ΔG/ΔH=83% Water Fuel Cell Oxygen (Air) Electricity The application of this method is shown in Figure 5, where hydrogen is produced by the nuclear-heated steam methane reforming (using a sodium-cooled reactor and natural gas), and then this hydrogen is converted into electricity in the alkaline-type fuel cell. Figure 5: Application of synergistic electric generation using natural gas and sodium cooled reactor Primary Coolant Circuit Membrane Reformer Product Gas H 2 Heat Exchanger Coole r Air (O 2 , N 2 ) Nuclear Reactor Heat Exchanger Feed Gas CO 2 Electricity Generation DC Air Scrubber Feed Heater CO 2 Separator Alkaline Fuel Cell H 2 O Secondary Coolant Circuit CH 4 Drain, Vent (H 2O, N 2) Electrolyte Purifier 94 NUCLEAR PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN – © OECD/NEA 2010
APPLICATION OF NUCLEAR-PRODUCED HYDROGEN FOR ENERGY AND INDUSTRIAL USE As the synergistic hydrogen production process using natural gas and nuclear heat is efficient and economic, and also the subsequent electro-chemical conversion of hydrogen into electricity in an alkaline fuel cell is efficient, electricity generation by combining these two processes have the following possibilities: • high conversion efficiency, thus saving both natural gas and nuclear energy resources; • no combustion of fossil fuels, thus reducing CO 2 emission; • medium temperature and low pressure process, thus lowering electricity generation cost. A preliminary evaluation shows the electricity generation efficiency of this process is about 60% (based on the sum of natural gas heat and nuclear heat), which is comparable to a natural gas advanced combined cycle power plant. In principle, this synergistic power generation method can be applied to other carbon resources such as petroleum, coal and biomass, and to other types of fuel cell such as SOFC and PEFC. Nuclear carbonisation/gasification of biomass for removing atmospheric CO 2 The following concept is to carry out, effectively by utilising nuclear energy, the so-called “carbon minus” or “negative emission”, which not only reduces CO 2 emission to the atmosphere but also removes CO 2 from the atmosphere, thus to restore the global environment by decreasing the atmospheric CO 2 concentration. By the process of carbonisation of biomass and subsequent gasification of the volatile products from carbonisation, a portion of carbon element in biomass is stabilised as solid carbon, and the remaining portion of carbon is converted by gasification and conversion process to synthetic fuels, which can replace fossil fuels for energy supply. In this process, nuclear energy can effectively be utilised, avoiding the CO 2 emission from any biomass or fossil combustion. Thus, a significant amount of CO 2 can efficiently be removed from the atmosphere by processing a part of annual growth of biomass, which leads to the decrease of atmospheric CO 2 concentration. The concept of this process is shown in Figure 6. The carbon in biomass which is fixed by photosynthesis from atmospheric CO 2 is converted into: i) solid carbon (various kinds of charcoal, carbon and graphite) for use as materials or for storage, which is a stable state of carbon element; ii) synthetic fuels such as FT diesel oil, DME or hydrogen, which can replace fossil fuels as carbon neutral alternate fuels (Hori, 2007, 2007a, 2007b). Figure 6: Concept of nuclear biomass carbonisation and gasification Drying Carbonisation Charcoal Charcoal Storage stabilisation Biomass Gasification Syn FT oil gas DME Volatiles Conversion Gas & condensibles Carbon Graphite CO H 2 Material utilisation H 2 Nuclear electricity Nuclear heat Nuclear heat Energy utilisation as carbon-neutral fuels NUCLEAR PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN – © OECD/NEA 2010 95
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Nuclear Science 2010 Nuclear Produc
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ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERAT
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of contents
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Y. Gong, E. Chalk
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Executive summary
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY steam turbine, in
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY sulphur depositio
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY affords saving 35
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY safety assessment
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The question was
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CHANGING THE WORLD WITH HYDROGEN AN
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NUCLEAR HYDROGEN PRODUCTION PROGRAM
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NUCLEAR HYDROGEN PRODUCTION PROGRAM
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FRENCH RESEARCH STRATEGY TO USE NUC
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Page 45 and 46: FRENCH RESEARCH STRATEGY TO USE NUC
Page 47 and 48: FRENCH RESEARCH STRATEGY TO USE NUC
Page 49 and 50: PRESENT STATUS OF HTGR AND HYDROGEN
Page 61 and 62: STATUS OF THE KOREAN NUCLEAR HYDROG
Page 69 and 70: THE CONCEPT OF NUCLEAR HYDROGEN PRO
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Page 80 and 81: CANADIAN NUCLEAR HYDROGEN R&D PROGR
Page 90 and 91: APPLICATION OF NUCLEAR-PRODUCED HYD
Page 103 and 104: STATUS OF THE INL HIGH-TEMPERATURE
Page 119: STATUS OF THE INL HIGH-TEMPERATURE
Page 122 and 123: HIGH-TEMPERATURE STEAM ELECTROLYSIS
Page 131: MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT FOR SOEC Mate
Page 134 and 135: A METALLIC SEAL FOR HIGH-TEMPERATUR
Page 142 and 143: DEGRADATION MECHANISMS IN SOLID OXI
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DEGRADATION MECHANISMS IN SOLID OXI
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CAUSES OF DEGRADATION IN A SOLID OX
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70 μm CAUSES OF DEGRADATION IN A S
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NUCLEAR HYDROGEN USING HIGH TEMPERA
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SESSION III: THERMOCHEMICAL SULPHUR
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CEA ASSESSMENT OF THE SULPHUR-IODIN
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STATUS OF THE INERI SULPHUR-IODINE
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INFLUENCE OF HTR CORE INLET AND OUT
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EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE VAPOUR-LI
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DEVELOPMENT OF HI DECOMPOSITION PRO
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SOUTH AFRICA’S NUCLEAR HYDROGEN P
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INTEGRATED LABORATORY SCALE DEMONST
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DEVELOPMENT STATUS OF THE HYBRID SU
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RECENT CANADIAN ADVANCES IN THE THE
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AN OVERVIEW OF R&D ACTIVITIES FOR T
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STUDY OF THE HYDROLYSIS REACTION OF
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DEVELOPMENT OF CuCl-HCl ELECTROLYSI
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EXERGY ANALYSIS OF THE Cu-Cl CYCLE
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CaBr 2 HYDROLYSIS FOR HBr PRODUCTIO
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SESSION V: ECONOMICS AND MARKET ANA
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DEVELOPMENT OF THE HYDROGEN ECONOMI
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NUCLEAR H 2 PRODUCTION - A UTILITY
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ALKALINE AND HIGH-TEMPERATURE ELECT
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THE PRODUCT OF HYDROGEN BY NUCLEAR
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SUSTAINABLE ELECTRICITY SUPPLY IN T
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PROHYTEC, THE FRENCH INDUSTRIAL PLA
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NHI ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF CANDIDATE
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MARKET VIABILITY OF NUCLEAR HYDROGE
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POSSIBILITY OF ACTIVE CARBON RECYCL
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NUCLEAR SAFETY AND REGULATORY CONSI
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TRANSIENT MODELLING OF S-I CYCLE TH
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PROPOSED CHEMICAL PLANT INITIATED A
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CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF THE HTTR-IS NU
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USE OF PSA FOR DESIGN OF EMERGENCY
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HEAT PUMP CYCLE BY HYDROGEN-ABSORBI
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HEAT EXCHANGER TEMPERATURE RESPONSE
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ALTERNATE VHTR/HTE INTERFACE FOR MI
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POSTER SESSION CONTRIBUTIONS Poster
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ACTIVITIES OF NUCLEAR RESEARCH INST
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ACTIVITIES OF NUCLEAR RESEARCH INST
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A URANIUM THERMOCHEMICAL CYCLE FOR
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A URANIUM THERMOCHEMICAL CYCLE FOR
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MEETING ORGANISATION Annex 1: Meeti
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LIST OF PARTICIPANTS REYTIER, Magal
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LIST OF PARTICIPANTS BROWN, Nichola
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LIST OF PARTICIPANTS SINK, Carl US
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