Nuclear Production of Hydrogen, Fourth Information Exchange ...
Nuclear Production of Hydrogen, Fourth Information Exchange ... Nuclear Production of Hydrogen, Fourth Information Exchange ...
CANADIAN NUCLEAR HYDROGEN R&D PROGRAMME Figure 5: Half-cell polarisation curves for the hydrogen production reaction on the indicated working electrodes Figure 6: Single-cell polarisation curve to process development (Issue #3). To some extent, Issue #2 is also an artefact; however, one goal of process development is to develop membranes that do not allow copper ions to cross over from the anolyte solution to the catholyte solution. In a few single-cell electrolysis experiments, copper metal was visually observed on the cathode (Figure 7) when the cell was disassembled at the completion of the test. 82 NUCLEAR PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN – © OECD/NEA 2010
CANADIAN NUCLEAR HYDROGEN R&D PROGRAMME Figure 7: Copper deposits formed on the cathode Sulphur-iodine cycle The sulphur-iodine (S-I) cycle (Table 2), originally developed by General Atomics, is considered to be one of the best thermochemical hydrogen production processes currently under development in many countries. While the very high temperature reactors (VHTR) being developed in many countries, including the USA and Japan, are capable of satisfying the high temperature requirements of all the steps of this process, Canada’s SCWR can satisfy the temperature requirements of all but the catalytic SO 3 decomposition step. However, AECL’s direct electrically heated catalytic structures (Spagnolo, 1992) may be used for the decomposition with only a marginal lowering of the overall efficiency of the S-I process. An experimental programme has been ongoing to investigate the use of these structures containing Pt or Fe 2 O 3 as catalyst for the decomposition over the temperature range of 500 to 1 000°C. While the main objective is to measure the decomposition rate and its dependence on temperature, great effort is focused on identifying suitable materials for the metal structure used for direct heating under the extreme corrosive conditions of the decomposition process. The catalytic decomposition rates are required for the optimisation of the process and estimation of realistic capital costs. Table 2: The steps involved in the sulphur-iodine cycle Reaction Temperature (°C) Remarks I2( l ) + SO2( g) + H2O( l) →2 HI( aq ) + H2SO4( aq ) ~120 Bunsen reaction H2 SO4( g) SO3( g) + H2O( g) → 800 Sulphur trioxide decomposition 2 HI( g ) → I2( g) + H2( g ) ~425 Hydrogen iodide decomposition A schematic of the experimental test rig used to study the performance of electro-resistively heated catalysts is shown in Figure 8. The test rig includes a direct electro-resistive heating reactor (Hastelloy C-276) containing the catalyst. Concentrated H 2 SO 4 is introduced to the reactor and heated to 500~550°C in a pre-heating section to decompose it into SO 3 and H 2 O vapour. N 2 gas is used as the carrier gas to blow the decomposition products through the reactor. SO 3 decomposition takes place on the catalyst to produce gaseous SO 2 and O 2 . Following SO 3 decomposition, the gaseous products pass through a condenser cooled by water at 1°C, three bubblers containing 5%, 15% and 30% potassium hydroxide, respectively, to absorb acidic components in the gaseous products, an empty ice/dry-ice cooled container used as a thermal buffer, a gas conditioning unit to capture acidic gas residues, and an oxygen analyser. NUCLEAR PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN – © OECD/NEA 2010 83
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CANADIAN NUCLEAR HYDROGEN R&D PROGRAMME<br />
Figure 5: Half-cell polarisation curves for the hydrogen<br />
production reaction on the indicated working electrodes<br />
Figure 6: Single-cell polarisation curve<br />
to process development (Issue #3). To some extent, Issue #2 is also an artefact; however, one goal <strong>of</strong><br />
process development is to develop membranes that do not allow copper ions to cross over from the<br />
anolyte solution to the catholyte solution. In a few single-cell electrolysis experiments, copper metal<br />
was visually observed on the cathode (Figure 7) when the cell was disassembled at the completion <strong>of</strong><br />
the test.<br />
82 NUCLEAR PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN – © OECD/NEA 2010
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