Nuclear Production of Hydrogen, Fourth Information Exchange ...

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CHANGING THE WORLD WITH HYDROGEN AND NUCLEAR: FROM PAST SUCCESSES TO SHAPING THE FUTURE Perspectives of carbon taxes will be among the prime incentives for hydrogen and heat using industries to participate in public/private partnerships created to build prototypes and demonstrate clean hydrogen production technologies. Oil companies, petrochemical and steel industries are among the most exposed to additional costs imposed by carbon taxes to their current activities, as well as to future activities such as the production of synthetic fuels from coal, biomass or other hydrocarbon feedstock. The path forward: International demonstrations towards industrialisation What are the future prospects in the world? Primary energy needs in the world (~10 Gtoe) are currently met at 7% with nuclear electricity, 38% with oil, 25% with gas, 25% with coal, 3% with thermal renewable energies and 2% with renewable electricity. In this context, the production of synthetic fuel from biomass and hydrogen with electricity and heat from renewable and nuclear energies could efficiently decrease the overwhelming share of fossil fuels (> 85% today). Fast growing energy needs and awareness of climate change will then foster the further deployment of nuclear energy and renewable energies, as well as their applications to non-electricity energy products such as hydrogen and synthetic fuels. In spite of the emergency of the transition required to a carbon-free energy system, learnings from the past history of hydrogen and nuclear energy give several reasons to be optimistic: • The imagination of scientists and engineers to address problems of the society have always been sharp. • The same is true for the taste of some private companies to take up challenges and participate in “first of a kind” endeavours. • International co-operation offers best prospects for investigating thoroughly the wide range of options and implementing in time, and where it is appropriate, those that are technically and economically viable. Indeed progress is no individual undertaking but a collective adventure. Many laboratories gathered at this NEA exchange meeting actively co-operate to developing carbon-free energy sources (nuclear, solar, geothermal…) as well as advanced water-splitting processes to cleanly produce hydrogen with the former energy sources. International collaboration to such advanced hydrogen production technologies is very timely and contributions of R&D organisations and industry to this mission across the world are mandatory. Key milestones along the path forward will include demonstrations of nuclear hydrogen production with the I-S thermochemical process at the HTTR in Japan around 2015, and other demonstrations at pre-industrial level in the NGNP in the United States in the 2020s. Additional demonstrations may come from other prototypes such as the PBMR in South Africa and the HTR-PM in China that aim at producing electricity in a first stage. How to best federate national plans into a consistent international technology roadmap? How to prompt expressions of needs for hydrogen from nuclear energy? How to balance research means between hydrogen production and hydrogen utilisation technologies? Those are a few questions that were asked at the MIT-CEA-École Polytechnique Symposium on Nuclear Hydrogen Production that I have organised in early January this year and that this NEA exchange meeting may help answering. A new generation of scientists for our dreams come true Last, but not least, there is an urgent need to train a new generation of nuclear scientists and engineers to take over from current nuclear workers for operating existing nuclear power plants and fulfilling our dreams and their dreams as well about future missions of hydrogen and nuclear power in a world-wide sustainable energy system. 30 NUCLEAR PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN – © OECD/NEA 2010
SESSION I: PROGRAMME OVERVIEW Session I Programme overview Chairs: Y. Nemoto, C. Sink NUCLEAR PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN – © OECD/NEA 2010 31
Page 1: Nuclear Science 2010 Nuclear Produc
Page 4 and 5: ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERAT
Page 7 and 8: TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of contents
Page 9 and 10: TABLE OF CONTENTS Y. Gong, E. Chalk
Page 11 and 12: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Executive summary
Page 13 and 14: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY steam turbine, in
Page 15 and 16: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY sulphur depositio
Page 17 and 18: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY affords saving 35
Page 19 and 20: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY safety assessment
Page 21: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The question was
Page 24 and 25: CHANGING THE WORLD WITH HYDROGEN AN
Page 35 and 36: NUCLEAR HYDROGEN PRODUCTION PROGRAM
Page 37 and 38: NUCLEAR HYDROGEN PRODUCTION PROGRAM
Page 39 and 40: FRENCH RESEARCH STRATEGY TO USE NUC
Page 49 and 50: PRESENT STATUS OF HTGR AND HYDROGEN
Page 61 and 62: STATUS OF THE KOREAN NUCLEAR HYDROG
Page 69 and 70: THE CONCEPT OF NUCLEAR HYDROGEN PRO
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Page 80 and 81: CANADIAN NUCLEAR HYDROGEN R&D PROGR
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CANADIAN NUCLEAR HYDROGEN R&D PROGR
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APPLICATION OF NUCLEAR-PRODUCED HYD
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STATUS OF THE INL HIGH-TEMPERATURE
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HIGH-TEMPERATURE STEAM ELECTROLYSIS
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MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT FOR SOEC Mate
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A METALLIC SEAL FOR HIGH-TEMPERATUR
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DEGRADATION MECHANISMS IN SOLID OXI
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CAUSES OF DEGRADATION IN A SOLID OX
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70 μm CAUSES OF DEGRADATION IN A S
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NUCLEAR HYDROGEN USING HIGH TEMPERA
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SESSION III: THERMOCHEMICAL SULPHUR
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CEA ASSESSMENT OF THE SULPHUR-IODIN
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STATUS OF THE INERI SULPHUR-IODINE
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INFLUENCE OF HTR CORE INLET AND OUT
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EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE VAPOUR-LI
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DEVELOPMENT OF HI DECOMPOSITION PRO
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SOUTH AFRICA’S NUCLEAR HYDROGEN P
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INTEGRATED LABORATORY SCALE DEMONST
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DEVELOPMENT STATUS OF THE HYBRID SU
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RECENT CANADIAN ADVANCES IN THE THE
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AN OVERVIEW OF R&D ACTIVITIES FOR T
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STUDY OF THE HYDROLYSIS REACTION OF
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DEVELOPMENT OF CuCl-HCl ELECTROLYSI
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EXERGY ANALYSIS OF THE Cu-Cl CYCLE
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CaBr 2 HYDROLYSIS FOR HBr PRODUCTIO
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SESSION V: ECONOMICS AND MARKET ANA
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DEVELOPMENT OF THE HYDROGEN ECONOMI
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NUCLEAR H 2 PRODUCTION - A UTILITY
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ALKALINE AND HIGH-TEMPERATURE ELECT
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THE PRODUCT OF HYDROGEN BY NUCLEAR
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SUSTAINABLE ELECTRICITY SUPPLY IN T
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PROHYTEC, THE FRENCH INDUSTRIAL PLA
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NHI ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF CANDIDATE
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MARKET VIABILITY OF NUCLEAR HYDROGE
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POSSIBILITY OF ACTIVE CARBON RECYCL
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NUCLEAR SAFETY AND REGULATORY CONSI
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TRANSIENT MODELLING OF S-I CYCLE TH
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PROPOSED CHEMICAL PLANT INITIATED A
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CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF THE HTTR-IS NU
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USE OF PSA FOR DESIGN OF EMERGENCY
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HEAT PUMP CYCLE BY HYDROGEN-ABSORBI
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HEAT EXCHANGER TEMPERATURE RESPONSE
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ALTERNATE VHTR/HTE INTERFACE FOR MI
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POSTER SESSION CONTRIBUTIONS Poster
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ACTIVITIES OF NUCLEAR RESEARCH INST
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ACTIVITIES OF NUCLEAR RESEARCH INST
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A URANIUM THERMOCHEMICAL CYCLE FOR
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A URANIUM THERMOCHEMICAL CYCLE FOR
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MEETING ORGANISATION Annex 1: Meeti
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LIST OF PARTICIPANTS REYTIER, Magal
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LIST OF PARTICIPANTS BROWN, Nichola
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LIST OF PARTICIPANTS SINK, Carl US
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