MOM 2006 journal for pdf.pmd - University of Michigan-Flint

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THE ARTISTRY OF ROBERT LOWELL Sara Suarez Faculty Sponsor: Gladys Cardiff Department of English, Oakland University The work of Robert Lowell is frequently associated with the model of confessional poetry. While Lowell’s poems do contain some elements inspired by personal experience, the work of Robert Lowell “is the result not of accuracy but the illusion of accuracy,” poetry intended to mimic reality for the purpose of some type of unearthing (Bidart). Lowell’s poems are not “’intended to be revelatory’ but to be exploratory,” and poems such as “Memories of West Street and Lepke”, “Man and Wife”, and “To Speak of Woe That Is in Marriage” exemplify the artistry of Robert Lowell that is commonly mistaken for confession (Travisano 44). These poems not only challenge the confessional label through movement but also through the artistry employed, illustrated through the changing voice and illusion of autobiographical representation for the purpose of aesthetic effect, not confession. Confessional poetry, as defined by Diane Middlebrook, has clearly defined characteristics and a distinctive voice that is understood to be the voice of the poet himself. [Confessional poetry] investigates the pressures on the family as an institution regulating middle-class private life, primarily through the mother. Its principle themes are divorce, sexual infidelity, childhood neglect, and the mental disorders that follow from deep emotional wounds received early in life. A confessional poem contains the first-person speaker, “I”, and always seems to refer to a real person in whose actual life real episodes have occurred that cause actual pain, all represented in the poem. (Travisano, 39-40) While Lowell’s poems frequently deal with such subject matter, the first person “I” is not necessarily representative of Lowell himself. The inspiration drawn from real life events creates “the illusion that the poem is not art but a report on life, that the reader is getting ‘the real Robert Lowell’” (Bidart). The opening of “Memories of West Street and Lepke” seems to be a direct depiction of the genuine daily life of Robert Lowell. Beginning the poem with the illusion of a commentary on the actual life of the poet himself allows Lowell to lay the foundation for regression into a halfinvented past, without compromising the appearance of truth, in order to explore a simulated personal history in relationship to the larger political and social movements of the time. Meeting of Minds 2006 28
These are the tranquillized Fifties, and I am forty. Ought I to regret my seedtime? I was a fire-breathing Catholic C.O., and I made my manic statement, telling off the state and president, and then sat waiting sentence in the bull pen beside a Negro boy with curlicues of marijuana in his hair. (12-19) The placement of seemingly personal details within the poem creates verisimilitude and “inject new life” into the poem, allowing Lowell’s commentary to posses an air of authority and authenticity (Yezzi). The poem fluidly moves not only through time but also space. Without a tonal shift, the reader moves out of the time spent “waiting sentence in the bull pen” into the midst of the prison sentence itself (17). I was so out of things, I’d never heard of the Jehovah’s Witnesses. “Are you a C.O.?” I asked a fellow jailbird. “No,” he answered, “I’m a J.W.” He taught me the “hospital truck,” and pointed out the T-shirted back of Murder Incorporated’s Czar Lepke, there piling towels on a rack, or dawdling off to his little segregated cell full of things forbidden the common man. (34-43) Realism, provided through dialogue, disguises the social commentary contained within the lines of the poem as confession. Because of Lowell’s careful representation of reality in the beginning of the poem, the subsequent presentation of events is perceived as truth. The focus of the passage is not to confide feelings of responsibility for the imprisonment but to call attention to Lowell’s perceived hypocrisy of the justice system during the 1950’s. Refusal to kill for one’s country is considered more of a crime than cold-blooded murder, evidenced by the luxuries Lepke is afforded that the speaker is denied. Like “Memories of West Street and Lepke”, “Man and Wife” challenges the confessional label through the presentation of an allegedly realistic account coupled with unrelenting motion from start to finish. Because “the confessional model carries strong connotations of hierarchy and stasis,” the action taking place within the poem should be fixed in time and space in order to accurately be categorized as a confessional poem (Travisano 57). However, “Man and Wife” shifts both temporally and spatially from start to finish. In the opening of the poem, the reader finds the couple in the bedroom, lying in a state of drug-induced motionlessness as life goes on around them. Meeting of Minds 2006 29
Page 1 and 2: Meeting of Minds XIV Journal of Und
Page 3 and 4: ABOUT THE MEETING OF MINDS: JOURNAL
Page 5 and 6: TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface Contribut
Page 7 and 8: DIFFERENCES IN TEACHING: INNER-CITY
Page 9 and 10: 1995. The teacher believed they are
Page 11 and 12: In studies of age related declines
Page 13 and 14: slightly smaller than the incongrue
Page 15 and 16: Since the requirements of surviving
Page 17 and 18: Table 2 Observed behaviors of Imara
Page 19 and 20: Figure 2 Relative frequencies of de
Page 21 and 22: References Alexander, R. D. “The
Page 23 and 24: She goes for it. She proves to the
Page 25 and 26: Hypotheses The current study examin
Page 27 and 28: Previous fMRI research suggests tha
Page 29 and 30: [LDL’s] carry cholesterol from th
Page 31 and 32: for amounts in excess of 0.5 grams.
Page 33: Dewey, David L. “Hydrogenated Oil
Page 37 and 38: The reader is thrust out of the mem
Page 39 and 40: WHEN THE SAINTS GO MARCHING OUT: CO
Page 41 and 42: What follows is a description of tw
Page 43 and 44: The ceiling of the church is adorne
Page 45 and 46: Against the back wall of the church
Page 47 and 48: Bibliography Bowen, John R. Religio
Page 49 and 50: (Gough, 1957). Because individuals
Page 51 and 52: References Bochner, A., di Salvo V.
Page 53 and 54: It is difficult for many critics, a
Page 55 and 56: It seems clear that Bishop is not a
Page 57 and 58: “SHE WAS ONLY A SLIP OF A THING B
Page 59 and 60: women are strong enough to care for
Page 61 and 62: had the luxury of doing business
Page 63 and 64: Chinese students regularly had as m
Page 65 and 66: The age of the participants ranged
Page 67 and 68: Table 3 illustrates the results of
Page 69 and 70: If I was to further this study, I w
Page 71 and 72: idomain conductivities (σ iL , σ
Page 73 and 74: Meeting of Minds 2006 67
Page 75 and 76: THEORETICAL INVESTIGATIONS ON ADSOR
Page 77 and 78: 1T 3T 5T Figure 1: The cluster mode
Page 79 and 80: The N-O bond lengths also show a si
Page 81 and 82: The relative energies of the NO ads
Page 83 and 84: INVESTIGATION OF SUBSTITUTED CYCLOO
Page 85 and 86:
were 9 possibilities from the X and
Page 87 and 88:
28 O O RSS NA 8.6 28 O O SSS NA 8.6
Page 89 and 90:
As seen from the distance data abov
Page 91 and 92:
continually touches her and plays w
Page 93 and 94:
In the last scene, Act 5.4, the tra
Page 95 and 96:
Tristan was the one who had her bef
Page 97 and 98:
Bibliography Béroul. The Romance o
Page 99 and 100:
given day one could observe a cheat
Page 101 and 102:
Many countries have taken Latin Ame
Page 103 and 104:
References and Works Cited Andaló,
Page 105 and 106:
differentiates human beings from an
Page 107 and 108:
has to beg the wind to help her. Th
Page 109 and 110:
APOCALYPSE, WHEN? Joanne Chiu Facul
Page 111 and 112:
Lowell’s energetic diction connec
Page 113 and 114:
The apocalypse has come and as with
Page 115 and 116:
RELIGION AS A MANIPULATIVE TOOL IN
Page 117 and 118:
With a sense of his mastery of stra
Page 119 and 120:
References Arenal, Electa and Stace
Page 121 and 122:
constructed a visual lexicon aggres
Page 123 and 124:
them as the hoods plot their next t
Page 125 and 126:
The motivation behind Guston’s re
Page 127 and 128:
LANGUAGE ACQUISITION: A PARADOX OF
Page 129 and 130:
GUNTHER VON HAGEN’S GESTALT PLAST
Page 131 and 132:
are borrowed directly from the visu
Page 133 and 134:
In general, science museums do not
Page 135 and 136:
The report suggests that war-crimes
Page 137 and 138:
DATA MINING IN BIOINFORMATICS: USIN
Page 139 and 140:
Zealand, which was ranked 77 th in
Page 141 and 142:
THE JENSEN LANDSCAPE AT HENRY AND C
Page 143 and 144:
number of Boxelder trees increased
Page 145 and 146:
Figure 3. The distribution of Sugar
Page 147 and 148:
THE EFFECT OF RETINOIDS ON REGENERA
Page 149 and 150:
deparaffinized in xylene. After the
Page 151 and 152:
A B C Figure 2 Photographs of tadpo
Page 153 and 154:
IU/mL retinoids is the best concent
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