Cycle network and route planning guide - NZ Transport Agency

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60 Figure 9.1 Bicycling — levels of quality
9.5 Level of service (LOS) assessments LOS is a traffic engineering term that describes traffic quality. It is traditionally applied to motor traffic, where it is primarily concerned with delays and interruptions to traffic. However, when applied to cycling other aspects seem to be more important. To distinguish it from traditional LOS measurements it is sometimes also referred to as ‘level of stress’, ‘level of quality’, ‘bicycle compatibility’ and ‘cyclability’. Cycling LOS assessment is based on a significant volume of empirical research on cyclists’ views and reactions to specific road environments, conducted mostly over the past 10 years. United States research is reported in Sorton and Walsh (1994), Epperson (1994), and Landis et al (1997) and (2003). United Kingdom research is described in Guthrie et al (2001). Further US research is being conducted into multi-modal LOS assessment. This approach has limitations but is helpful in comparing routes and options. Its most desirable aspect is that it is an independent and objective measure. Several cycling LOS methods have been published. The bicycle compatibility index (BCI) (FHWA, 1998), Cycle review level of service (IHT et al, 1998) and Multi-modal level of service assessment, handbook (Florida DOT, 2002) describe methods worth further investigation. The levels of quality developed by Walkable Communities Inc (see Figure 9.1 opposite) provide a visual guide to service levels for different facility types. Note that different assessment methods will not produce identical results. Table 9.1 lists an alternative service level description used in a cycle review LOS assessment. LOS SCORE TYPICAL TRAFFIC CHARACTERISTICS A 81 — 100 Little or no motor traffic; low speeds; good passing width; no significant conflicts; good riding surface; lit; good social safety B 61 — 80 Light/moderate traffic flows; good/adequate passing width; few conflicts; good riding surface LIKELY ROAD/PATH TYPE High-quality cycle path; well surfaced minor rural road; 30 km/h limit urban road Minor road; well surfaced but unlit cycle path C 41 — 60 Moderate traffic flows; 85th percentile speeds around 50 km/h; adequate passing width; some conflicts (not major) D 21 — 40 Busy traffic, HCV/buses; speeds around 70 km/h Minor road/local distributor Urban single carriageway; poor-quality cycle path E 1 — 20 Heavy traffic flows; speeds >70 km/h; HCV Dual carriageway speed limit 70 km/h or higher; large roundabouts F
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CYCLE NETWORK AND ROUTE PLANNING GU
Page 4 and 5:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The following cons
Page 6 and 7:
GLOSSARY OF TERMS BUS LANE A bus la
Page 8 and 9:
1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Cycle network pl
Page 11 and 12: CHAPTER 2 THE PLANNING AND POLICY C
Page 13 and 14: Broader objectives include: • cre
Page 15 and 16: CHAPTER 3 CYCLISTS’ NEEDS • Cyc
Page 17 and 18: These cyclists most commonly ride t
Page 19 and 20: 3.4.3 Directness Cycle routes shoul
Page 21 and 22: These cyclists prefer: • high-qua
Page 23 and 24: Enclosures Enclosures are a communa
Page 25 and 26: CYCLIST TYPE NEIGHBOURHOOD COMMUTIN
Page 27 and 28: 4.3 Urban arterial roads Descriptio
Page 29 and 30: 4.8 Operating railways Description
Page 31 and 32: 4.13 Other locations • Undevelope
Page 33 and 34: are accessed by car from a fast cir
Page 35 and 36: 5.6 Needs approach This approach in
Page 37 and 38: 12,000 11,000 NOTE: THIS DIAGRAM IS
Page 39 and 40: 6.6 Contra-flow cycle lane Descript
Page 41 and 42: 6.10 Transit lane Description A tra
Page 43 and 44: 6.14 Shared path Description A shar
Page 45 and 46: 6.17 Unpaved roads and paths Descri
Page 47 and 48: 6.20 Structures A number of structu
Page 49 and 50: CHAPTER 7 ASSESSING CYCLE DEMAND CH
Page 51 and 52: 7.2.2 Census data Description The f
Page 53 and 54: 7.4 Use of routes by cyclists 7.4.1
Page 55 and 56: 7.4.5 Consultation with cycle users
Page 57 and 58: Note: Each spot represents a bicycl
Page 59 and 60: 8.4 Finding space on existing roads
Page 61: 9.3 Audits Description Audits are a
Page 65 and 66: LOCATION South Terrace — Greenhil
Page 67 and 68: Figure 9.2: Cycle route plan Source
Page 69 and 70: Figure 10.1: Cycle route network pl
Page 71 and 72: 11.3 Usage numbers Description This
Page 74 and 75: 12 IMPLEMENTATION IMPLEMENT CYCLE N
Page 76: 12.6.2 Post-construction inspection
Page 79 and 80: 13.9 Cycle network implementation I
Page 81 and 82: 14.7 What to consult on The full ra
Page 83 and 84: APPENDIX 2 SCALING CYCLE COUNTS Int
Page 85 and 86: ALL SITES COMMUTER SITES PERIOD STA
Page 87 and 88: Source: Kindly made available by Ky
Page 89 and 90: Guthrie, N; Davies, DG and Gardner,
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