Emerging biotechnologies: full report - Nuffield Council on Bioethics

E m e r g i n g b i o t e c h n o l o g i e s
research intensity targets 7.11
evidence, ethical approach to interpreting 4.49
evidence-based policy making 3.21, 3.31,
6.58–6.60
recommendation 7.32, 10.12
excludable goods 4.6–4.7, 7.34, 9.14, 9.29
expectations (of <strong>biotechnologies</strong>) 1.4–1.6,
2.29–2.46
economic benefits 7.17, 7.20, 7.36–7.41
ethical representation 4.50–4.51
failures to conform to 2.41
formation 2.31–2.33
imported visions 2.34–2.38
public, of research 6.47
sceptical approach 2.39–2.44, 2.46, 4.1
social and economic transformation 7.42–
7.43
expertise, broadening the range of 5.29–5.31
experts, scientific see scientists
F1-ATPase 2.26
facilitation of research 7.1
fairness, procedural 3.21
fertilisers 1.8
Feynman, Richard 2.38
financial crisis (2007-2008) 1.11, 8.42
Fiorino, Dan 5.24
first mover advantage 9.37
flu see influenza
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 2.10
food security 1.8, 9.4
Food Standards Agency (FSA) 7.7–7.8
foreshortening problem 2.33, 2.47
Foresight programmes 6.29
fossil fuels Box 3.3, 9.4
frames
common value 3.30
concept 3.27–3.31
considering alternative 3.31
Framework Programmes, EU 6.11–6.12, 6.38,
7.49
framing 3.26–3.37, 4.1
ethical aspects 4.37–4.39, Box 4.1, 4.58
by the media 5.15–5.18, Box 5.1
public engagement and 5.32, 10.7
reducing ambiguity to univocality 3.35–3.36
reducing uncertainty to risk 3.32–3.34
regulation 8.32–8.44
research policy 7.20–7.56, 7.59–7.61, 10.9,
10.13
through societal challenges 6.37
framing effects 3.34, Box 3.4, 3.37, 4.49
Francis Crick Institute 6.5
free rider problem 4.6
funding, research 6.7–6.14, 7.5
profit-seeking and 9.9–9.10
public see publicly funded research
third stream 6.38
funding bodies 6.7–6.14
drawbacks of centralisation 7.49
influences on researchers 6.22–6.26
recommendations to 7.32, 7.46, 7.48, 7.56,
10.12–10.17
see also research councils
Future <strong>Emerging</strong> Technologies (FET)
programme 6.11–6.12
future visions 2.34–2.35
Galbraith, JK 9.6
Gartner consultancy, hype cycle 2.32
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation 6.14, 6.37
gene therapy 2.16, 9.5
genetically modified (GM) food crops 2.2, 2.8–
2.9
ambiguous visions 3.15
controversy over introducing 2.8, 2.35,
3.21, 5.8
developing countries 2.8, Box 9.2
incentives for developing 9.68–9.69
intellectual property protection 9.38–9.39,
Box 9.2, 9.41
regulatory aspects 8.8, 8.12–8.13, 8.18,
8.24, 8.29, 8.39
UK advisory framework 7.7
UK public dialogue 5.22, 8.13
see also plant breeding
genetically modified organisms (GMOs),
European regulation 8.7–8.8
genetic engineering 2.18, 8.23
genetics 4.12, 7.6
genetic screening Box 1.1
genomes, synthetic 2.20, 2.37, 3.18, Box 3.2
genomic medicine 2.14–2.17
Germany, human embryo research 1.22
Geron 2.6, 3.6
GFP (green fluorescent protein) gene 2.10
GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) 9.9, Box 9.3, 9.64
global context
intellectual property protection 9.39, Box
9.2
research 6.48
global public goods 4.8
global warming see climate change
GM food crops see genetically modified (GM)
food crops
goal-directed research 6.15, 6.17
goats, transgenic 2.10, 2.28
good faith 4.33
Goodin, Robert 8.43
governance
charities 7.57–7.58
public ethics and 4
by visible and invisible hands 5.58–5.60
Government, UK
funding of research see publicly funded
research
influence on research directions 6.23–6.26
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