Emerging biotechnologies: full report - Nuffield Council on Bioethics
Emerging biotechnologies: full report - Nuffield Council on Bioethics
Emerging biotechnologies: full report - Nuffield Council on Bioethics
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E m e r g i n g b i o t e c h n o l o g i e s<br />
research intensity targets 7.11<br />
evidence, ethical approach to interpreting 4.49<br />
evidence-based policy making 3.21, 3.31,<br />
6.58–6.60<br />
recommendati<strong>on</strong> 7.32, 10.12<br />
excludable goods 4.6–4.7, 7.34, 9.14, 9.29<br />
expectati<strong>on</strong>s (of <str<strong>on</strong>g>biotechnologies</str<strong>on</strong>g>) 1.4–1.6,<br />
2.29–2.46<br />
ec<strong>on</strong>omic benefits 7.17, 7.20, 7.36–7.41<br />
ethical representati<strong>on</strong> 4.50–4.51<br />
failures to c<strong>on</strong>form to 2.41<br />
formati<strong>on</strong> 2.31–2.33<br />
imported visi<strong>on</strong>s 2.34–2.38<br />
public, of research 6.47<br />
sceptical approach 2.39–2.44, 2.46, 4.1<br />
social and ec<strong>on</strong>omic transformati<strong>on</strong> 7.42–<br />
7.43<br />
expertise, broadening the range of 5.29–5.31<br />
experts, scientific see scientists<br />
F1-ATPase 2.26<br />
facilitati<strong>on</strong> of research 7.1<br />
fairness, procedural 3.21<br />
fertilisers 1.8<br />
Feynman, Richard 2.38<br />
financial crisis (2007-2008) 1.11, 8.42<br />
Fiorino, Dan 5.24<br />
first mover advantage 9.37<br />
flu see influenza<br />
Food and Drug Administrati<strong>on</strong> (FDA) 2.10<br />
food security 1.8, 9.4<br />
Food Standards Agency (FSA) 7.7–7.8<br />
foreshortening problem 2.33, 2.47<br />
Foresight programmes 6.29<br />
fossil fuels Box 3.3, 9.4<br />
frames<br />
comm<strong>on</strong> value 3.30<br />
c<strong>on</strong>cept 3.27–3.31<br />
c<strong>on</strong>sidering alternative 3.31<br />
Framework Programmes, EU 6.11–6.12, 6.38,<br />
7.49<br />
framing 3.26–3.37, 4.1<br />
ethical aspects 4.37–4.39, Box 4.1, 4.58<br />
by the media 5.15–5.18, Box 5.1<br />
public engagement and 5.32, 10.7<br />
reducing ambiguity to univocality 3.35–3.36<br />
reducing uncertainty to risk 3.32–3.34<br />
regulati<strong>on</strong> 8.32–8.44<br />
research policy 7.20–7.56, 7.59–7.61, 10.9,<br />
10.13<br />
through societal challenges 6.37<br />
framing effects 3.34, Box 3.4, 3.37, 4.49<br />
Francis Crick Institute 6.5<br />
free rider problem 4.6<br />
funding, research 6.7–6.14, 7.5<br />
profit-seeking and 9.9–9.10<br />
public see publicly funded research<br />
third stream 6.38<br />
funding bodies 6.7–6.14<br />
drawbacks of centralisati<strong>on</strong> 7.49<br />
influences <strong>on</strong> researchers 6.22–6.26<br />
recommendati<strong>on</strong>s to 7.32, 7.46, 7.48, 7.56,<br />
10.12–10.17<br />
see also research councils<br />
Future <str<strong>on</strong>g>Emerging</str<strong>on</strong>g> Technologies (FET)<br />
programme 6.11–6.12<br />
future visi<strong>on</strong>s 2.34–2.35<br />
Galbraith, JK 9.6<br />
Gartner c<strong>on</strong>sultancy, hype cycle 2.32<br />
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundati<strong>on</strong> 6.14, 6.37<br />
gene therapy 2.16, 9.5<br />
genetically modified (GM) food crops 2.2, 2.8–<br />
2.9<br />
ambiguous visi<strong>on</strong>s 3.15<br />
c<strong>on</strong>troversy over introducing 2.8, 2.35,<br />
3.21, 5.8<br />
developing countries 2.8, Box 9.2<br />
incentives for developing 9.68–9.69<br />
intellectual property protecti<strong>on</strong> 9.38–9.39,<br />
Box 9.2, 9.41<br />
regulatory aspects 8.8, 8.12–8.13, 8.18,<br />
8.24, 8.29, 8.39<br />
UK advisory framework 7.7<br />
UK public dialogue 5.22, 8.13<br />
see also plant breeding<br />
genetically modified organisms (GMOs),<br />
European regulati<strong>on</strong> 8.7–8.8<br />
genetic engineering 2.18, 8.23<br />
genetics 4.12, 7.6<br />
genetic screening Box 1.1<br />
genomes, synthetic 2.20, 2.37, 3.18, Box 3.2<br />
genomic medicine 2.14–2.17<br />
Germany, human embryo research 1.22<br />
Ger<strong>on</strong> 2.6, 3.6<br />
GFP (green fluorescent protein) gene 2.10<br />
GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) 9.9, Box 9.3, 9.64<br />
global c<strong>on</strong>text<br />
intellectual property protecti<strong>on</strong> 9.39, Box<br />
9.2<br />
research 6.48<br />
global public goods 4.8<br />
global warming see climate change<br />
GM food crops see genetically modified (GM)<br />
food crops<br />
goal-directed research 6.15, 6.17<br />
goats, transgenic 2.10, 2.28<br />
good faith 4.33<br />
Goodin, Robert 8.43<br />
governance<br />
charities 7.57–7.58<br />
public ethics and 4<br />
by visible and invisible hands 5.58–5.60<br />
Government, UK<br />
funding of research see publicly funded<br />
research<br />
influence <strong>on</strong> research directi<strong>on</strong>s 6.23–6.26<br />
I N D E X<br />
201