Emerging biotechnologies: full report - Nuffield Council on Bioethics
Emerging biotechnologies: full report - Nuffield Council on Bioethics
Emerging biotechnologies: full report - Nuffield Council on Bioethics
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
E m e r g i n g b i o t e c h n o l o g i e s<br />
Department for Envir<strong>on</strong>ment, Food and Rural<br />
Affairs (Defra) 8.8<br />
Department of Health, UK 7.8<br />
Department of Trade and Industry, UK 7.4<br />
departments, Government<br />
advisory committees 8.24<br />
funding of research 6.10, 7.10, 7.50<br />
recommendati<strong>on</strong>s to 7.56, 10.17–10.18<br />
scientific advisory committees 7.8<br />
deregulati<strong>on</strong> 8.44<br />
determinism, technological 4.15–4.16<br />
developing countries<br />
drug development for 1.10, 9.60–9.62<br />
GM crops 2.8, Box 9.2<br />
incentives for plant breeding 9.68<br />
intellectual property rights 9.39, Box 9.2<br />
open access 9.46<br />
discourse ethics 4.42<br />
discursive c<strong>on</strong>texts 1.19–1.33, 2.30, 3.25<br />
ethical 4.34, 4.37<br />
disruptive technologies 3.22–3.25, Box 1.1<br />
DNA fingerprinting 3.7<br />
DNA sequencing 2.2, 6.20<br />
commercialisati<strong>on</strong> 9.37, Box 9.1<br />
single DNA molecule 2.25<br />
DNA synthesis 2.26, 3.5, 6.20<br />
Doha Declarati<strong>on</strong> 9.45<br />
Do-It-Yourself Biology (DIYBio) 6.6, 6.54, 6.56<br />
Domantis 7.4<br />
dot-com boom 9.5<br />
drug discovery/development<br />
biotechnological approaches 2.12–2.13<br />
crossing the 'valley of death' 9.42–9.43<br />
for developing countries 1.10, 9.60–9.62<br />
ec<strong>on</strong>omics of the patenting problem 9.29–<br />
9.31<br />
incentivising 9.55–9.67<br />
profit-seeking 9.9–9.12<br />
rati<strong>on</strong>al design approach 2.12, 3.24<br />
remedies for problems 9.48–9.51<br />
drugs<br />
biological 2.12<br />
commercialisati<strong>on</strong> problems 9.35–9.36,<br />
9.38<br />
cost-effectiveness analysis 9.57<br />
global patent protecti<strong>on</strong> 9.39, Box 9.2<br />
health impact payments 9.60–9.67<br />
me-too 9.32–9.33, 9.36, 9.55<br />
orphan 9.20<br />
patent protecti<strong>on</strong> 9.15–9.17, 9.27<br />
pharming 2.10<br />
pricing 9.29, 9.57–9.59<br />
reflecting social value 9.55–9.67<br />
regulatory data protecti<strong>on</strong> 9.19<br />
validated therapeutic targets 9.49–9.50<br />
see also nanomedicine<br />
dual-use problem 3.9, Box 3.1, 8.9–8.11<br />
ecologies, synthetic 2.38<br />
Ec<strong>on</strong>omic and Social Research <str<strong>on</strong>g>Council</str<strong>on</strong>g> 7.16<br />
ec<strong>on</strong>omic growth<br />
avoiding focus <strong>on</strong> 7.56, 10.17<br />
central role of biotechnology 7.42–7.43<br />
as focus of research policy 7.3, 7.10–7.17,<br />
10.4, 10.9<br />
role of nati<strong>on</strong>al research 7.17, 7.36–7.41<br />
search for new drivers 1.11<br />
ec<strong>on</strong>omics<br />
framing policy decisi<strong>on</strong>s 3.35<br />
patenting problems 9.28–9.31<br />
pursuit of scientific knowledge 9.5–9.7<br />
embry<strong>on</strong>ic stem cells, human (hESC) 1.22,<br />
2.5–2.6, 8.18<br />
embryo research, human 1.22, 2.5–2.6, 3.19–<br />
3.20<br />
emergence of <str<strong>on</strong>g>biotechnologies</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />
characterisati<strong>on</strong> 1.13–1.15<br />
opportunity costs and counterfactuals<br />
1.16–1.18<br />
pathways see pathways, technological<br />
timescales 2.28, 2.43, 4.50<br />
emerging, defined 1.13<br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>Emerging</str<strong>on</strong>g> Science and <strong>Bioethics</strong> Advisory<br />
Committee 7.8<br />
enablement<br />
of public engagement 5.57<br />
virtue of 4.52, 6.37<br />
enabling technologies 6.20, 9.21<br />
ENCODE 2.15<br />
energy security 1.9<br />
enframing 4.18<br />
engaged public, the 5.9–5.19<br />
see also public engagement<br />
engineering 1.14, 6.19<br />
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research<br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>Council</str<strong>on</strong>g> (EPSRC) 7.16, 7.52–7.54<br />
engineering biology 2.19–2.20<br />
Enlightenment, the 4.42, 5.7<br />
envir<strong>on</strong>mental movement 4.13<br />
Envir<strong>on</strong>mental Protecti<strong>on</strong> Agency (EPA), US<br />
5.24<br />
envir<strong>on</strong>mental under-pricing 9.40, 9.70<br />
equity 4.29, 4.56<br />
ethics<br />
individualistic 4.20<br />
public see public ethics<br />
public discourse see public discourse ethics<br />
revealed systems 4.11<br />
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) 8.8<br />
European Research <str<strong>on</strong>g>Council</str<strong>on</strong>g> 6.11, 7.49<br />
European Technology Platforms 6.29<br />
European Uni<strong>on</strong> (EU)<br />
Framework Programmes 6.11–6.12, 6.38,<br />
7.49<br />
funding of research 6.11–6.12<br />
genetically modified organisms (GMOs) 8.7<br />
GM crops 2.8, 3.21, 8.18, 8.39<br />
orphan drugs 9.20<br />
patent protecti<strong>on</strong> 9.17<br />
regulatory system 8.19<br />
200