Emerging biotechnologies: full report - Nuffield Council on Bioethics

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E m e r g i n g b i o t e c h n o l o g i e s Index Locators point to paragraph or box numbers. Footnotes are indexed to the paragraph (or box) number that they relate to; some topics appear only in the footnotes. academic entrepreneurialism 6.39 Academy of Medical Sciences 7.46 accountability regulatory systems 8.24–8.25, 8.29 virtue of 4.47–4.48 Action on Hearing Loss 6.14 adalimumab 9.3 advisors, policy 4.36 see also scientific advisors Advisory Committee on Releases to the Environment 8.24 Advisory Committee on the Misuse of Drugs 8.24 advisory framework, UK 7.6–7.9 advisory panels/groups 7.52–7.54 see also scientific advisory committees age-related macular degeneration 3.9 Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) 9.19, 9.39 agricultural biotechnology 1.8, 2.8–2.9, 5.16, 9.4 Agriculture and Environment Biotechnology Commission (AEBC) 7.7 agrochemicals 9.17, 9.19 ambiguity 3.1, 3.13–3.21, 3.37–3.38, 10.4 effects of framing 3.35–3.36 managing 3.26–3.36 objects 3.19–3.20 practices 3.17–3.18 public discourse ethics 4.44 public perspectives 5.3 regulatory aspects 8.12–8.14, 8.35 serious implications 3.21 visions 3.14–3.16 anarcho-capitalism Box 9.2 angel investors 6.13 antibiotics 1.10, 2.21 anticipatory paradigm 3.25, 6.29 anti-malarial drugs 2.21, Box 9.3 antisense RNA 2.13 Arch2POCM Box 9.3 Aristotle 4.12, 4.18 arteminisinic acid 2.21, 2.23 Arthritis Research UK 7.18 asbestos 3.8, Box 1.1 Asilomar conference (1975) 8.20 ATryn (anticoagulant drug) 2.10 attitudes to biotechnology 1.4–1.6, Box 1.1 autonomy, of living beings 4.11–4.12 availability heuristic Box 3.4 Avastin® 3.9 avian influenza virus 8.11, Box 3.1 Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton Box 9.2 bacteria, synthetic 2.20, Box 3.2 balance sheet, biotechnology 1.7–1.12 Beddington, Sir John 6.36 benefits (of <strong>biotechnologies</strong>) ambiguities 3.14–3.16 assessing past policies 7.46, 10.14 attitudes 1.5, Box 1.1 biotechnology wager 1.1–1.2 economic see economic growth ethical considerations 4.23–4.27, 4.50– 4.51, 4.56 examples 1.7–1.12 expectations see expectations public nature 4.4 sceptical approach 2.39–2.44 uncertainties 3.5–3.7 beta-lymphocyte stimulators 9.64 bevacizumab 3.9 Big Pharmaceutical Firms (BPFs) 9.9–9.10 Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation 6.14, 6.37 bioart 6.54 BioBricks® 1.14, 2.19, 8.25, 9.46 bioethics, re-orientation of 4.20–4.21 biofuels 1.9, 2.21, 2.28, 2.33, 9.70 biohackers 2.37 bioinformatics 2.17 biological, defined 2.3 biological drugs 2.12 biological revolution 7.42 biological weapons 3.9, Box 3.1, 8.10 biomanufacturing 9.37, 9.40 biomedicine 1.10 bio-optimism 1.4–1.6, 2.41, 2.44 bio-pessimism 1.4–1.6, 2.44 biopharmaceuticals (biopharma) 2.12, 9.3 intellectual property rights 9.35–9.36 see also drugs bioreactors 9.37, 9.40, 9.70 bioremediation 3.5, 4.7–4.8 biosafety 8.4–8.8 biosecurity 8.4–8.8 dual-use problem 8.9–8.11 Biosteel® 2.10, 2.28 biotechnology definitions 1.13, 2.2–2.4 emergence see emergence of <strong>biotechnologies</strong> main fields 2.5–2.27 types of activities 9.34–9.37 visions 2.29–2.38 Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research <strong>Council</strong> (BBSRC) 6.7, 7.4, 7.16 198
E m e r g i n g b i o t e c h n o l o g i e s 2011-15 delivery plan 7.42 addressing societal challenges 6.36, 7.53 general structure 7.52 public-good research 9.13 biotechnology boom 7.4, 9.5 biotechnology wager 1.1–1.3, 1.34, 4.9, 6.36, 10.4 bioterrorism Box 3.1, 8.10 botulinum toxin 3.9 bricolage 9.35 British Heart Foundation 7.18 British In Vitro Diagnostics Association 8.25 business see commercial firms; industry Cabinet minister, proposed new 7.56, 10.17 Cambridge Antibody Technology 7.4, 9.3 cancer medicines 2.21, 2.27, 3.9, 9.51, Box 1.1 Cancer Research UK 7.18 candour, virtue of 4.50–4.51 carbon tax 9.70 Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety 8.6 caution in approach to regulation 8.33–8.38, 8.46 virtue of 4.53–4.55, 8.34, 8.38 cells, synthetic 2.20, 2.37, Box 3.2 cellular <strong>biotechnologies</strong> 2.5–2.6 change, technological 3.22–3.25 charities funding of research 6.14, 7.5, 7.18 governance 7.57–7.58 provision of public goods 4.8 research policy 7.18–7.19 steering direction of research 6.22 Chief Scientific Advisor, UK 6.36, 7.8 chimeric animals 3.19 chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) Box 1.1, 3.8 choices contingent conditions 1.21 framing effects 3.34, 3.37, Box 3.4 rational 3.21 social 5.59–5.60 Christianity 4.11–4.12 citation impact rankings 7.28 citation rates, UK research 7.24, 7.27–7.28 citizen's juries 5.36, 5.43 civil society groups 5.6, 5.16, 5.19 climate change 1.9, 2.33 clinical trials 4.49, 9.48–9.51, Box 9.3 cloned embryos 3.20 cloning, therapeutic 2.6 closures, identifying 4.38–4.40, Box 4.1 collaborative research 6.28, 6.61, 9.47 collective action/interest public ethics 4.20–4.22 public goods 4.8 Collingridge dilemma 1.27–1.29, Box 1.2 commercial exploitation 9.1, 9.3 commercial firms corporate social responsibility 9.53, 10.20 funding of research 6.13, 7.5 research settings 6.5 steering research directions 6.27–6.35 see also industry commercialisation 9 addressing the obstacles 9.45–9.70 crossing the 'valley of death' 9.42–9.43 example of failure 8.13 incentivising 9.55–9.70, 10.21 intellectual property rights limiting 9.17, 9.21–9.41 rates of patents 3.5 recommendations 9.53, 9.56, 10.20–10.21 social value and 9.52–9.54, 9.56, 9.71– 9.72, 10.21 'UK is bad at' claim 7.23–7.32 see also intellectual property rights commercial purpose 9.1 common good 4.17–4.18 communicable diseases 1.10 communication, by researchers 5.34, 6.50– 6.54, 10.10 communitarian turn 4.20 competence, technical 4.51, 5.31, 5.53–5.54 competitiveness, framing research policy 7.3 complexity natural systems 4.13–4.14 normative 4.34–4.37 computational metaphors 2.37 computers, superintelligent 3.19 consensus, through public engagement 5.36, 5.43 consensus conferences 5.36, 5.43 consortia 9.49, Box 9.3 contingency, and its consequences 1.19–1.33 contingent conditions 1.20–1.23 contraceptive pill 3.8 Cooksey <strong>report</strong> (2006) 9.42 cooperative research see collaborative research corporate social responsibility 9.53, 10.20 cosmetics 2.28, 3.9 counterfactuals 1.16–1.18 crop impact fund 9.68 crowded-out alternatives 1.26, 1.28, 1.31 crowdsourcing 9.50, Box 9.3 cultivation analysis 2.38, 5.11 Darwinian evolution 4.12 David, Paul 1.2, 2.33, 3.23 dedicated biotechnology firms (DBFs) 9.10– 9.12 dehumanising consequences 2.34, 4.16 deliberative mapping 5.36 deliberative polling 5.37 democracy 5.25 Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (BIS) 7.14, 7.50, 7.52, 7.54, 10.17 I N D E X 199
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Emerging b
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Emerging b
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Secretariat Hugh Whittall (Director
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Foreword 1 The use of living organi
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Terms of reference 1. To examine co
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Applying public ethics: towards a p
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Part 1 Understanding emerging <stro
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Chapter 2 Biotechnology promises an
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Chapter 3 The threefold challenge o
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Chapter 5 Public perspectives
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Chapter 6 Research
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Emerging biotechnologies: full report - Nuffield Council on Bioethics

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