Xenotransplantation - Nuffield Council on Bioethics

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Animal-to-Human Transplants : the ethics of xenotransplantation Index -gal 34, 135, 137, 138 1986 Act : See Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 Advisory Committee on Genetic Modification (HSE) 55 Advisory committee on Novel Foods and Processes (MAFF) 55 Advisory Committee on Releases to the Environment (DoE) 55 Advisory Committee on <strong>Xenotransplantation</strong> (recommended) iii, ix, x, 80, 81, 85, 94, 100, 111, 118, 122 AIDS iv, 27, 31, 67-69, 72, 79, 85, 110, 135, 138, 141, 142 Alcoholism 13 Anaesthesia 64, 65 Anencephalic babies 41 Animal Aid 39, 68, 72, 130, 133 Animal Procedures Committee (Home Office) viii, 50, 58, 59, 61, 62, 81, 114, 115, 118 Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 iv, vii, 50, 55, 57-66, 114-116 Antibodies 28-30, 32, 34, 35, 76, 135, 136, 138, 139 Antibody response 28, 29, 35 Antigens 28-30, 32, 34, 35, 54, 135, 136, 138, 141 Artificial organs iv, 13, 16, 17, 20, 51, 112, 128, 135, 136, 139 B-cells 28, 135, 142 Baboon liver 27, 30 Baboons iv, 6, 8, 25, 27, 30, 31, 33, 42, 47-49, 51, 59, 67, 70-72, 76, 77, 85, 89, 109, 110, 112, 113 Baby Fae 27, 30, 89 Bacteria 28, 53, 69, 135 Bahá’ís of the UK 102, 131, 133 Banner Committee (MAFF) 46, 53, 54, 132, 133 Belgium 16 Bioengineered organs 136 Blood transfusion 92 BODY (British Organ Donor Society) 106 Bone iv, 3, 5, 6, 21, 22, 27, 31, 32, 34, 35, 67, 85, 110, 136, 139, 141 Bone marrowiv, 3, 6, 22, 27, 31, 32, 34, 35, 67, 85, 110, 136, 139 Brain haemorrhage 5 Brain stem death 3, 136 British Medical Association 16, 41, 130 British Paediatic Association 90, 119, 130 British Transplantation Society 5, 14-16 British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection 13, 39, 68, 130, 133 BSE 69, 140 Cadaveric organs 3, 16, 136 Caesarean section 48, 63, 77 Cats 42, 69 CD59 29, 32, 33, 136 Cell-mediated response 28, 29, 35 Children v, ix, 31, 79, 89, 90, 103, 119 Chimpanzees 6, 27, 30, 42, 47-49, 51, 112, 113 Cholesterol 13, 14 Church in Wales 53, 68, 130, 133 Church of Scotland 43, 68, 103, 130, 133 Cirrhosis 13 CJD 69, 140 Complement ii, 29, 32-36, 52, 135-140 Complement protein 29, 32, 136, 137, 139 Complement regulating proteins 29, 32, 34, 136 Complement system 136 Concordant xenografts 30, 137 Conscientious objection x, 92-94, 122 Consent iii, v, ix, x, 15, 16, 41, 55, 74, 80, 83, 84, 87-92, 94, 109, 117-120, 122, 129 Conservation 49, 51, 113 Cows 22, 69, 140 Cyclophosphamide 30 Cyclosporin A 30 Cynomolgus monkeys 33, 47, 59 Cystic fibrosis 14, 89, 139 DAF 29, 32-34, 136-138, 140 Department of Health (DH) ix, 15, 16, 80, 85, 87, 90, 118, 130 Department of the Environment (DoE) 55 Diabetes 5, 21, 27, 54, 140 Diagnostic tests 76, 77, 117 Dialysis 2-4, 17, 86, 91, 95, 96, 98, 104, 137 Discordant xenografts 32, 35, 137 Dogs 42, 69, 73 Elective ventilation 7, 16, 137 Emphysema 33 Endogenous retrovirus 70, 76 Ethnic minorities 7, 124 European Patent Office 56 Farm Animal Welfare <strong>Council</strong> (MAFF) 61, 62 Farmers’ Forum 43, 133 Fetuses and fetal tissue 6, 7, 13, 27, 36, 57, 79, 86, 91, 98, 110, 120, 140 Foamy virus 70, 77, 137 144
Index Follow-up of xenografts v, 2, 3, 78, 79, 103, 104 Food Advisory Committere (MAFF) 55 Food and Drug Administration (USA) 31 Gene Therapy Advisory Committee (GTAC)(DH) 80 Genetic modification ii, 37, 46, 52-55, 61-63, 78, 125, 128, 138 Genetics Forum 43, 68, 131, 133 Health and Safety Executive (HSE) 55 Heart ii, 2-6, 13-16, 18, 19, 22, 25-27, 30, 31, 33, 36, 65, 72, 84-86, 89, 90, 96, 97, 99, 103, 105, 107, 109, 110, 127, 128, 135, 136, 139 Heart transplants 2-4, 19, 36, 84, 85, 97, 107 Heart valves 6, 22, 25, 72, 105, 109, 127 Hepatitis 13, 79, 128 Herpes virus 72 Heterozygote 138 HIV 31, 68, 69, 72, 93, 135, 138, 141, 142 Home Office viii, 57-61, 65, 66, 114-116 Home Office Inspectorate 58, 59, 61, 114 Homozygote 138 Horses 42 Human organs iii-v, ix, 1, 3-7, 13-18, 25, 26, 29-31, 35, 51, 67, 69, 78, 83, 86, 92, 93, 96-98, 101, 102-104, 106, 107, 109, 112, 113, 120, 121, 128, 129, 135 Huntington’s disease 91, 120 Hyperacute rejection iv, 26, 32-36, 127, 128, 135, 138 Immune response iv, viii, 6, 21, 22, 25, 26, 28-30, 32, 34, 52, 54, 71, 109, 110, 113, 114, 135-139, 141, 142 Immunosuppression 29, 36, 69, 71, 97, 103, 138 Immunosuppressive drugs 1-3, 18, 25, 26, 29, 30, 36, 103, 138 Imutran Ltd ii, 33, 36, 71, 85, 110, 133 Infectious organisms iii, iv, v, viii, x, 8, 17, 28, 48, 50, 57, 59, 62-64, 66-73, 75-78, 91, 89, 94, 114-117, 119, 122, 135, 136, 139, 141 Influenza 64, 67, 70, 71, 77 Informed consent 87, 118 Institute of Medical Ethics 39, 45, 46, 112, 129, 131, 133 Insulin 21, 27, 28, 140 Islet cells : see Pancreatic islet cells Jain Academy 44, 68, 133 Jehovah’s Witness 92 Kidney 1-7, 6, 14, 15, 17, 19, 25, 27, 30, 59, 65, 83, 86, 91, 95, 97, 98, 104, 106, 133, 137, 139 Kidney transplants 1-4, 15, 17, 97 Law Commission 16, 90, 91 Leukaemia 69 Live donation 3, 7, 139 Liver 1-3, 5, 13, 15, 19-21, 25-27, 30, 65, 77, 85, 99, 106, 107, 109, 131, 132, 139 Local Research Ethics Committees (LRECs) 85, 90, 118 Lung 3, 5, 14, 18-20, 33, 65, 67, 89, 99, 139 Malaria 79 MCP 29, 32, 136, 139 Medical Devices Directive 78 Medical Resarch <strong>Council</strong> i, 90, 91, 119, 120, 131, 133 Mentally incapacitated 90, 91, 119, 120 Methodist Church 80, 86, 98, 131, 133 Monitoring ix, x, 48, 54, 58, 61-64, 75, 78-81, 87, 89, 93, 97, 99, 104, 114, 117, 119, 121, 122 Mutation 60, 70, 76, 139, 140 National Kidney Federation 14, 104, 133 National Health Service (NHS) ii, v, x, 15, 87, 95-100, 106, 20, 121, 132 Norway 15 <strong>Nuffield</strong> <strong>Council</strong> on Bioethics: Human Tissue : Ethical & Legal Issues 7, 56, 78, 114 Octopus 58 Organ donors 5, 14-16, 26, 32, 33, 54, 59, 61, 67, 71, 97, 103, 106 Organ failure 1, 107 Organ rejection iv, 1, 25, 26, 29, 35, 85, 90, 138, 139 Organ shortage 4, 5, 7, 13-16, 49, 51, 86, 92, 93, 97, 98, 102, 103, 107, 108, 112, 113, 121, 128 Pancreatic islet cells 5, 6, 21, 27, 136, 139, 140 Parkinson’s disease 5, 27, 36, 86, 110 Patents 55, 56, 114, 140 Pathogen ix, 67, 71, 77, 78, 117, 140, 141 Personhood iv, 39-42 Pig hearts ii, 6, 25-27, 33, 72, 105, 109 Pigs ii-v, viii, 6, 8, 20-22, 25-28, 32-37, 42, 44, 46-48, 50-57, 59-64, 67, 70-72, 75, 76, 78, 79, 83, 85, 86, 91, 96-98, 97, 102, 104, 105, 109, 110, 112-116, 120, 128, 135, 137, 138, 140 Pittsburgh 77 Pluralism 10, 91 Polkinghorne Comittee (MAFF) 53-55, 68, 86 130, 133 Primates ii-v, viii, 8, 11, 25-27, 30-34, 36, 37, 40-42, 46-52, 57, 59, 60, 67, 68, 70-72, 76-77, 109, 110, 112, 113, 115, 116, 127, 138 Principle of precaution v, 74, 75, 80, 116, 140 145
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NUFFIELD COUNCIL ON BIOETHICS Anima
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NUFFIELD COUNCIL ON BIOETHICS Anima
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Preface Preface Since the N
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Table of contents Table of contents
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Working Party on Xenografts Working
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Summary of recommendations Summary
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Summary of recommendations Effects
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The promise and the problems Chapte
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The promise and the problems treatm
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The promise and the problems 1.9 It
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The promise and the problems Nevert
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The promise and the problems 1.24 T
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The promise and the problems whe
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Alternatives to xenotransplantation
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Xenotransplantation</strong
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Animal concerns : principles Chapte
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Animal concerns : principles Party
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Animal concerns : principles Specie
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Animal concerns : principles Attitu
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Animal concerns : principles religi
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Animal concerns : principles Figure
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Animal concerns : principles Conser
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Animal concerns : principles must b
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Animal concerns : principles that d
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Animal concerns : principles 4.50 C
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Animal concerns : practice Chapter
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Animal concerns : practice 5.5 Any
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Animal concerns : practice genetic
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Animal concerns : practice 5.16 The
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Animal concerns : practice 5.24 Som
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Transmission of infectious diseases
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Early patients Chapter 7 Early pati
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Early patients to clinical trials.
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Early patients Consent consideratio
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Early patients outcomes associated
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Early patients lawful “if it is i
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Early patients increase, in the ear
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Xenotransplantation - Nuffield Council on Bioethics

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