Xenotransplantation - Nuffield Council on Bioethics

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Animal-to-Human Transplants : the ethics of xenotransplantation Virus A minute infectious organism made of genetic material and protein. It is not normally considered to be a living organism, since it cannot live independently. Instead, viruses must infect living cells and reproduce inside them. New virus particles can then leave the cell. In some viruses, such as the herpes viruses, the genetic material is DNA. In others, such as the HIV virus that causes AIDS, the genetic material is a different type, called RNA (paragraph 6.9). White blood cells White blood cells (leucocytes) are the blood cells that enable the body to mount an immune response. They are divided into two main groups: B-cells and T-cells (paragraphs 3.9 - 3.14). <strong>Xenotransplantation</strong> <strong>Xenotransplantation</strong> or xenografting is the transplantation between different species of organs, tissue or cells (paragraph 3.8). Xenograft A xenograft is an organ or tissue that has been transplanted from one species into another (paragraph 3.8). Zoonoses Zoonoses are animal diseases that can also affect humans (paragraph 6.5). 142
Acknowledgements Acknowledgements The Working Party wishes to record its thanks to the many professionals and other individuals, too numerous to list here, who have assisted its work. It is particularly grateful to those individuals and organisations who prepared submissions and for the assistance given by Professor Mildred Blaxter, Dr Heather Draper, Professor Gordon Dunstan, Dr Tony Hope, Professor Robert Lechler, Professor Peter Morris, Professor David Onions and Dr Bob Watt. They all read through an earlier version of the report and we have sought to respond to the insights contained in their detailed comments. The Working Party would also like to thank Mr Harry Parker for his initial research into the science of xenotransplantation. 143
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NUFFIELD COUNCIL ON BIOETHICS Anima
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Preface Preface Since the N
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Table of contents Table of contents
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Working Party on Xenografts Working
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Summary of recommendations Summary
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Summary of recommendations Effects
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The promise and the problems Chapte
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The promise and the problems treatm
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Alternatives to xenotransplantation
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Xenotransplantation</strong
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Animal concerns : principles Chapte
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Animal concerns : principles Specie
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Animal concerns : principles Attitu
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Animal concerns : practice genetic
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Transmission of infectious diseases
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Early patients Chapter 7 Early pati
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Early patients to clinical trials.
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Early patients Consent consideratio
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Early patients outcomes associated
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Xenotransplantation - Nuffield Council on Bioethics

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