The ethics of research involving animals - Nuffield Council on ...
The ethics of research involving animals - Nuffield Council on ...
The ethics of research involving animals - Nuffield Council on ...
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T h e e t h i c s o f r e s e a r c h i n v o l v i n g a n i m a l s<br />
regulati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> animal <str<strong>on</strong>g>research</str<strong>on</strong>g> 221–38<br />
c<strong>on</strong>clusi<strong>on</strong>s and recommendati<strong>on</strong>s xxviii–xxx, 273–5<br />
c<strong>on</strong>sensus statement xix, 263<br />
European 27–8, 233–5<br />
historical perspective 18–19<br />
hybrid philosophical framework 52–3<br />
internati<strong>on</strong>al 233–5<br />
role <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> xxiii, 55–7<br />
see also Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986<br />
regulatory requirements (use <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>animals</str<strong>on</strong>g>) 236–7<br />
c<strong>on</strong>clusi<strong>on</strong>s and recommendati<strong>on</strong>s 282–4<br />
c<strong>on</strong>straining Replacements 196–7<br />
new medicines 141, 147, 236<br />
Reducti<strong>on</strong> approaches 208–9<br />
toxicity testing 155–6, 166, 236–7<br />
relati<strong>on</strong>ship morality 250<br />
release<br />
into foreign envir<strong>on</strong>ments 90<br />
into wild 26, 75<br />
religious approaches 245, 250<br />
repeated-dose toxicity studies 155, 160<br />
reperfusi<strong>on</strong> injury 139<br />
Replacements 10, 189–201<br />
'aboliti<strong>on</strong>ist' view 254–5<br />
adjunctive n<strong>on</strong>-animal methods 194<br />
advanced n<strong>on</strong>-animal techniques 193<br />
analysis <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> scientific barriers xxxi, 276–7<br />
barriers to developing 195–9<br />
in biomedical <str<strong>on</strong>g>research</str<strong>on</strong>g> 195<br />
complete 191, 192–3<br />
c<strong>on</strong>sensus statement 263<br />
current debate 189–90<br />
defined 19, 190–2<br />
incomplete 191<br />
'moral dilemma' view 252<br />
nati<strong>on</strong>al and internati<strong>on</strong>al progress 199–200<br />
'<strong>on</strong> balance justificati<strong>on</strong>' view 249<br />
recommendati<strong>on</strong>s xxxi, 276–7<br />
in toxicity testing 192–3, 194–5<br />
vs alternatives 190–4<br />
see also alternatives; Three Rs<br />
replicati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> experiments 264<br />
reproductive toxicology 143, 161<br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>research</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />
animal see animal <str<strong>on</strong>g>research</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />
background 205<br />
goals, value 49–50<br />
staged approach 205<br />
use <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> term xvii, 5<br />
Research Defence Society see RDS Understanding Animal<br />
Research in Medicine<br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>research</str<strong>on</strong>g>ers<br />
engagement with public xxvii–xxviii, 28–9, 273<br />
informati<strong>on</strong> provisi<strong>on</strong> 269–71<br />
overseas <str<strong>on</strong>g>research</str<strong>on</strong>g> by UK-based xxxv–xxxvi, 284–6<br />
resistance behaviour 69<br />
restraint 77–8<br />
for blood sampling 79<br />
primate chairs 78, 92, 94–5<br />
retinitis pigmentosa 124<br />
retinopathies 127<br />
retro-orbital bleeding 79<br />
reverse genetics 97–9<br />
Rhazes (Al-Razi) 15<br />
rhesus macaque m<strong>on</strong>keys 92, 116–17<br />
rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 107, 108–10, 118, 173<br />
human clinical trials 109–10<br />
rodent model 109, 212<br />
rights-based view see de<strong>on</strong>tological/rights-based view<br />
risk assessment 160, 161<br />
rodents<br />
capacity to feel pain/suffer 66–7, 68<br />
disease models 109, 117<br />
GM 80–1<br />
housing, husbandry and care 70–1, 76, 77, 211, 215<br />
telemetry devices 80<br />
toxicity studies 161–2, 163<br />
see also guinea pigs; mice; rats<br />
Romans, ancient 15<br />
Roslin Institute 28<br />
Rousseau, Jean Jacques 42<br />
routes <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> administrati<strong>on</strong><br />
in toxicity tests 159, 160, 163<br />
welfare issues 79, 163–4<br />
Royal Bank <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> Scotland 26<br />
Royal Commissi<strong>on</strong>s 18, 19<br />
Royal Society for the Preventi<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> Cruelty to Animals<br />
(RSPCA) 18, 20, 21, 267<br />
Private Member's Bill 27<br />
promoting Three Rs xxx–xxxi, 200, 276<br />
<strong>on</strong> use <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> primates 232<br />
Russell, William 19<br />
Ryder, Richard 23<br />
safety evaluati<strong>on</strong> see toxicity testing<br />
salivati<strong>on</strong> 165<br />
Salk, Dr J<strong>on</strong>as 115<br />
schizophrenia 124<br />
schools, educati<strong>on</strong>al materials xxviii, 270<br />
Science & Innovati<strong>on</strong> Investment Framework 2004–2014<br />
xxvii, 270<br />
Scientific Informati<strong>on</strong> System (SIS), (ECVAM) 200<br />
scientific rati<strong>on</strong>ale, animal <str<strong>on</strong>g>research</str<strong>on</strong>g> xx–xxi<br />
scientific validity xx–xxi, 177–83<br />
c<strong>on</strong>clusi<strong>on</strong>s and recommendati<strong>on</strong>s xxi, xxxiii, 281–2<br />
critical evaluati<strong>on</strong> 181–3<br />
drug discovery and development 146–50, 182–3<br />
general arguments 177–9<br />
limitati<strong>on</strong>s 179–80<br />
toxicity testing 157, 158, 166, 181<br />
scientists see <str<strong>on</strong>g>research</str<strong>on</strong>g>ers<br />
scrapie 110, 111–12, 113<br />
self-c<strong>on</strong>sciousness 47<br />
sensitisati<strong>on</strong> tests 158, 165<br />
sensory deficits 127<br />
sentience 41, 62<br />
Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005 272<br />
severity <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> procedures<br />
classificati<strong>on</strong> under A(SP)A 225–6<br />
Home Office statistics 297<br />
recommendati<strong>on</strong>s xxvi, 266–7<br />
sexism analogy 51<br />
shaker1 mouse 124<br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g> Shambles <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> Science 19<br />
sharing, data xxxii–xxxiii, 207, 208, 264, 279–80<br />
sheep<br />
cl<strong>on</strong>ing 28, 101–2<br />
transmissible sp<strong>on</strong>giform encephalopathies 110, 111,<br />
113<br />
shellfish toxins 159, 165<br />
SHIV virus 117<br />
Singer, Peter 23, 50, 272–3<br />
SIVcpz virus 116<br />
SIVsm virus 116<br />
INDEX<br />
333