The ethics of research involving animals - Nuffield Council on ...
The ethics of research involving animals - Nuffield Council on ...
The ethics of research involving animals - Nuffield Council on ...
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T h e e t h i c s o f r e s e a r c h i n v o l v i n g a n i m a l s<br />
nesting material 76, 215<br />
Netherlands 234, 235<br />
Netherlands' Centre for Alternatives 199<br />
neurobehavioural disorders 127<br />
neurobiology 7–8, 93–4, 172<br />
neurodegenerative disorders 97, 124–5, 127, 246–7<br />
neurological disease 127<br />
neuropathic pain 144<br />
neurotoxicity 165<br />
newborn <str<strong>on</strong>g>animals</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />
developmental studies 96<br />
wastage 74<br />
nineteenth century 16–19, 221<br />
nocicepti<strong>on</strong> 62, 66<br />
n<strong>on</strong>-A, n<strong>on</strong>-B (NANB) hepatitis 113–14<br />
no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) 160<br />
normative <str<strong>on</strong>g>ethics</str<strong>on</strong>g> 49<br />
Norwegian Reference Centre for Laboratory Animal<br />
Science & Alternatives (NORINA) 200<br />
Notificati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> New Substances Regulati<strong>on</strong>s 1993 155<br />
nuclear transfer 98, 99<br />
nude mice 194<br />
numbers <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>animals</str<strong>on</strong>g> used<br />
in animal <str<strong>on</strong>g>research</str<strong>on</strong>g> 7, 291<br />
in GM studies 99, 103–4, 122, 129, 280<br />
Home Office statistics xxvi, 230, 266, 295–7<br />
in pharmaceutical <str<strong>on</strong>g>research</str<strong>on</strong>g> 134, 151, 175<br />
REACH proposals xxxiv, 282–3<br />
recommendati<strong>on</strong>s 267<br />
reducti<strong>on</strong> see Reducti<strong>on</strong><br />
in toxicity testing 155, 157, 166, 176<br />
for various purposes 291–2<br />
in Victorian times 18<br />
obesity 97, 127<br />
objectors to animal <str<strong>on</strong>g>research</str<strong>on</strong>g> see opp<strong>on</strong>ents <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> animal<br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>research</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />
observati<strong>on</strong>al <str<strong>on</strong>g>research</str<strong>on</strong>g> 6, 90, 171, 255<br />
octopus, comm<strong>on</strong> 52, 72<br />
Office <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> Science and Technology (OST) xxvii, 270<br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g>fspring<br />
loss <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> 66–7<br />
separati<strong>on</strong> from mothers 74<br />
'<strong>on</strong> balance justificati<strong>on</strong>' view xxiv, 244, 247–9, 250<br />
acceptance <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> c<strong>on</strong>sensus 256<br />
<strong>on</strong>e-generati<strong>on</strong> reproducti<strong>on</strong> study 161<br />
open laboratories xxviii, 273<br />
openness<br />
importance <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> 28–9, 265<br />
lack <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> 232<br />
opini<strong>on</strong> polls 8–9, 28, 265<br />
opioids 66, 67<br />
opp<strong>on</strong>ents <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> animal <str<strong>on</strong>g>research</str<strong>on</strong>g> xvii, 6, 16, 22<br />
recent campaigns 232<br />
<strong>on</strong> scientific validity 177–8<br />
oral dosing<br />
in toxicity studies 159<br />
welfare issues 79, 163–4<br />
Organisati<strong>on</strong> for Ec<strong>on</strong>omic Cooperati<strong>on</strong> and Development<br />
(OECD)<br />
recommendati<strong>on</strong>s to xxxv, 284<br />
Test Guidelines Programme xxxv, 156, 164–5, 199,<br />
208, 236–7, 283–4<br />
organisati<strong>on</strong>s<br />
campaigning and stakeholder 20–2<br />
informati<strong>on</strong> provisi<strong>on</strong> by campaigning xxvii, 269–71<br />
reports by other 303–4<br />
organ transplantati<strong>on</strong> 93<br />
osteoporosis 76<br />
outcomes see endpoints<br />
overlapping c<strong>on</strong>sensus c<strong>on</strong>cept 256–8<br />
Over Thirty M<strong>on</strong>th Scheme (OTMS) 113<br />
pain 61–81<br />
animal models <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> disease 65–6, 109<br />
assessment xxiii, 61–73, 81<br />
philosophical problems 62–4<br />
Refinement 212–13<br />
subjective and objective elements 68–72<br />
capacity to feel 41, 44, 48, 64–6, 68<br />
chr<strong>on</strong>ic 68<br />
defined 62<br />
meaning and functi<strong>on</strong> 66–8<br />
neuropathic 144<br />
obvious 164<br />
pathway 67<br />
postoperative 137<br />
primary 68<br />
refining management 212–13<br />
relieving medicines 66, 67, 80, 137<br />
sources 73–81<br />
toxicity testing 163, 165<br />
UK legislati<strong>on</strong> 52<br />
variability <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> experience 51<br />
see also welfare<br />
Parkins<strong>on</strong>'s disease 93, 94, 95, 102, 124–5, 127<br />
pasteurellosis 140<br />
patagial tags 90<br />
pathogenesis <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> disease 107<br />
peer review 207<br />
pens 76<br />
pers<strong>on</strong>al licences 223, 224–5<br />
training <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> holders 56, 224, 231<br />
pers<strong>on</strong>nel see staff<br />
pest c<strong>on</strong>trol 253–4, 291<br />
pesticides 166<br />
pets 45, 46<br />
pharmaceutical industry<br />
effect <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> animal rights extremism 272<br />
funding <str<strong>on</strong>g>research</str<strong>on</strong>g> into Replacements 197<br />
pharmaceutical <str<strong>on</strong>g>research</str<strong>on</strong>g> 6, 133–51, 175–6<br />
alleviati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> suffering 36–7<br />
duplicati<strong>on</strong> 207<br />
history 133–4<br />
'moral dilemma' view 252<br />
numbers <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>animals</str<strong>on</strong>g> involved 134, 151<br />
Replacements for <str<strong>on</strong>g>animals</str<strong>on</strong>g> 194<br />
use <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>animals</str<strong>on</strong>g> 134–46, 151<br />
validity 146–50, 182–3<br />
welfare implicati<strong>on</strong>s 151<br />
see also drug discovery and development<br />
pharmaceuticals see medicines<br />
pharmacogenetic studies 138, 144<br />
pharmacokinetic studies 150–1, 162<br />
pharming 102–3<br />
phenotypes<br />
disease 126<br />
GM <str<strong>on</strong>g>animals</str<strong>on</strong>g>, documentati<strong>on</strong> xxxiii–xxxiv, 281<br />
philosophical framework 10<br />
phototoxicity tests 193<br />
physiological stress 74<br />
physiological studies 90–4, 171<br />
physiology<br />
ability to feel pain/suffer and 71–2<br />
INDEX<br />
331