The ethics of research involving animals - Nuffield Council on ...
The ethics of research involving animals - Nuffield Council on ...
The ethics of research involving animals - Nuffield Council on ...
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T h e e t h i c s o f r e s e a r c h i n v o l v i n g a n i m a l s<br />
inflammatory bowel disease 110<br />
infliximab 109–10<br />
informati<strong>on</strong><br />
freedom <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> 230, 231, 265, 268<br />
sharing (within science) see data sharing<br />
informati<strong>on</strong> provisi<strong>on</strong><br />
by campaigning organisati<strong>on</strong>s and <str<strong>on</strong>g>research</str<strong>on</strong>g>ers xxvii,<br />
269–71<br />
cost-benefit assessment xxix, 269<br />
by Home Office 266–9<br />
licensed <str<strong>on</strong>g>research</str<strong>on</strong>g> projects xxix–xxx, 231, 267–9<br />
need for 29, 258, 264, 265<br />
<strong>on</strong> Replacements 198, 200<br />
<strong>on</strong> Three Rs xxx, 275<br />
inhalati<strong>on</strong> route, in toxicity studies 159, 163<br />
injecti<strong>on</strong>s 79, 163, 212<br />
insects 71–2<br />
Institute <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> Animal Technology (IAT) (formerly Animal<br />
Technicians Associati<strong>on</strong>) 20, 21, 271<br />
Instituti<strong>on</strong>al Animal Care and Use Committees (IACUCs) 233<br />
intelligence 42, 43<br />
Interagency Co-ordinating Committee <strong>on</strong> the Validati<strong>on</strong><br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> Alternative Methods (ICCVAM) 199<br />
Inter-Departmental Data Sharing C<strong>on</strong>cordat xxxii–xxxiii,<br />
208, 279–80<br />
Inter-Departmental Data Sharing Group 208<br />
Inter-Departmental Group <strong>on</strong> the 3Rs 208<br />
recommendati<strong>on</strong>s to xxxii, xxxiv, xxxv, 278, 282, 284<br />
Internati<strong>on</strong>al C<strong>on</strong>ference <strong>on</strong> Harm<strong>on</strong>isati<strong>on</strong> (ICH) xxxv,<br />
156, 208–9, 236, 237, 283<br />
internati<strong>on</strong>al c<strong>on</strong>text <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> animal <str<strong>on</strong>g>research</str<strong>on</strong>g> xxxv, 283–6<br />
Internati<strong>on</strong>al <str<strong>on</strong>g>Council</str<strong>on</strong>g> for Animal Protecti<strong>on</strong> in OECD<br />
Programmes (ICAPO) 22, 199<br />
Internati<strong>on</strong>al <str<strong>on</strong>g>Council</str<strong>on</strong>g> for Laboratory Animal Science<br />
(ICLAS) 21<br />
Internati<strong>on</strong>al Fund for Animal Welfare 5<br />
Internati<strong>on</strong>al Partnership for Alternatives to Animal<br />
Testing (IPAAT) 197<br />
internati<strong>on</strong>al regulati<strong>on</strong><br />
animal <str<strong>on</strong>g>research</str<strong>on</strong>g> 233–5<br />
c<strong>on</strong>sensus statement 263<br />
requiring use <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>animals</str<strong>on</strong>g> 236–7<br />
internati<strong>on</strong>al <str<strong>on</strong>g>research</str<strong>on</strong>g> by UK-based <str<strong>on</strong>g>research</str<strong>on</strong>g>ers<br />
xxxv–xxxvi, 284–6<br />
internati<strong>on</strong>al statistics <strong>on</strong> animal <str<strong>on</strong>g>research</str<strong>on</strong>g> 298–300<br />
internati<strong>on</strong>al test guidelines<br />
differences 237<br />
harm<strong>on</strong>isati<strong>on</strong> xxxv, 208–9, 283–4<br />
Interniche 200<br />
intimidati<strong>on</strong> see violence and intimidati<strong>on</strong><br />
invertebrates 52, 53, 89<br />
as Replacements 191–2<br />
in vitro studies 191<br />
in drug development 136, 137<br />
genotoxicity 160<br />
integrati<strong>on</strong> with in vivo <str<strong>on</strong>g>research</str<strong>on</strong>g> 198<br />
limitati<strong>on</strong>s 179, 196<br />
as Replacements 193, 194<br />
rheumatoid arthritis 108, 109<br />
toxicity testing 194<br />
irritants 79<br />
Italy 18<br />
It's a Dog's Life (televisi<strong>on</strong> programme) 25<br />
Japan 236, 237<br />
statistics <strong>on</strong> animal <str<strong>on</strong>g>research</str<strong>on</strong>g> 300<br />
Joint Working Group <strong>on</strong> Refinement (JWGR) 215<br />
journals, recommendati<strong>on</strong>s to xxx, xxxiv, 275, 281<br />
Judeo-Christian traditi<strong>on</strong> 245<br />
justice, sense <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> 43<br />
Kant, Immanuel 39, 42, 49<br />
killing, humane see euthanasia<br />
knock-in mice 97<br />
knock-out mice 97, 99, 172<br />
c<strong>on</strong>diti<strong>on</strong>al 99<br />
in drug discovery and development 182<br />
knock-out studies, in humans 37<br />
knowledge, advancement <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> see basic <str<strong>on</strong>g>research</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />
kuru 110, 111<br />
laboratories, open xxviii, 273<br />
laboratory <str<strong>on</strong>g>animals</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />
assessing welfare see welfare, assessment<br />
release into wild 26<br />
sources <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> harm 73–81<br />
sources <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> supply 229<br />
see also individual species<br />
Laboratory Animals Science Associati<strong>on</strong> (LASA) 20, 21,<br />
267, 271<br />
promoting use <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> Three Rs xxx–xxxi, 276<br />
Laboratory Animal Veterinary Associati<strong>on</strong> (LAVA) 20, 21<br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g> Lancet 18, 145<br />
large <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g>fspring syndrome 102<br />
leads (pharmaceutical)<br />
identificati<strong>on</strong> 137–8<br />
optimisati<strong>on</strong> 138–40<br />
legislati<strong>on</strong>, animal <str<strong>on</strong>g>research</str<strong>on</strong>g> see regulati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> animal<br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>research</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />
leisure, use <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>animals</str<strong>on</strong>g> 291<br />
leprosy 145<br />
Lesch–Nyhan disease 125<br />
lethal-dose (LD 50 ) tests 159, 209, 235<br />
licences (Home Office) 7, 19, 52–3, 223–8<br />
breaches <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> c<strong>on</strong>diti<strong>on</strong>s 24–5, 224<br />
discreti<strong>on</strong> in issuing 222, 223<br />
European legislati<strong>on</strong> 234<br />
pers<strong>on</strong>al see pers<strong>on</strong>al licences<br />
project see project licences<br />
life<br />
absolute value view xxiv, 242<br />
intrinsic value view 242<br />
possessi<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> 47<br />
right to 47<br />
lifestyle drugs 136<br />
lifestyle-related diseases 36–7<br />
Limulus 191–2<br />
local lymph node assay 158<br />
Lord Dowding Fund for Humane Research 22, 197<br />
lungs, injury to 164<br />
lymphocytes 92–3<br />
macaques<br />
import to UK 75<br />
neurobiological <str<strong>on</strong>g>research</str<strong>on</strong>g> 92, 94–5, 172<br />
study <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> human disease 112, 116–17, 179<br />
toxicity testing 160<br />
magnetic res<strong>on</strong>ance imaging (MRI) 94, 142<br />
malaria 136<br />
Malebranche, Nicolas 63, 246<br />
mammals<br />
basic <str<strong>on</strong>g>research</str<strong>on</strong>g> using 89, 96, 101<br />
toxicity tests 159<br />
see also individual species<br />
INDEX<br />
329