The ethics of research involving animals - Nuffield Council on ...
The ethics of research involving animals - Nuffield Council on ...
The ethics of research involving animals - Nuffield Council on ...
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T h e e t h i c s o f r e s e a r c h i n v o l v i n g a n i m a l s<br />
anti-thrombin deficiency, hereditary 103<br />
anti-TNF antibodies 109–10<br />
antivivisecti<strong>on</strong> groups 16, 22<br />
undercover investigati<strong>on</strong>s/infiltrati<strong>on</strong>s 23, 24–5<br />
'anything goes' view xxiv, 244, 246–7<br />
acceptance <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> c<strong>on</strong>sensus 256, 257<br />
apes, great see great apes<br />
Arabic medicine, early 15<br />
Aristotle 49<br />
ars<strong>on</strong> attacks 26<br />
arthritis 139<br />
rodent model 109, 212<br />
see also rheumatoid arthritis<br />
A(SP)A see Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986<br />
Associate Parliamentary Group for Animal Welfare 145<br />
associati<strong>on</strong> cortex 68<br />
Associati<strong>on</strong> for Assessment and Accreditati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />
Laboratory Animal Care (AAALAC) 235, 300<br />
Associati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> Medical Research Charities (AMRC) 6, 22<br />
Associati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> the British Pharmaceutical Industry (ABPI)<br />
xxxiii, 22, 272, 282<br />
asthma 139<br />
ataxia 125<br />
atherosclerosis 127<br />
ATLA (Alternatives to Laboratory Animals) 20<br />
Australia 233<br />
Austria 235<br />
bacteria 122, 160<br />
balance studies 162<br />
basic <str<strong>on</strong>g>research</str<strong>on</strong>g> xx, 5, 89–104, 171–3<br />
animal development 95–6, 172<br />
behavioural studies 89–90<br />
duplicati<strong>on</strong> 207<br />
ethical views 251–2, 255<br />
genetic studies 96–100, 172<br />
GM <str<strong>on</strong>g>animals</str<strong>on</strong>g> in xxxiii–xxxiv, 97–100, 172, 280–1<br />
observati<strong>on</strong>al 90, 171<br />
physiological studies 90–4, 171<br />
Replacement <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>animals</str<strong>on</strong>g> 195<br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>research</str<strong>on</strong>g> tools and techniques 100–3, 173<br />
UK statistics 296<br />
unexpected clinical benefits 91<br />
welfare impact 103–4<br />
Battersea Park, L<strong>on</strong>d<strong>on</strong> 19<br />
behaviour, animal<br />
gene mutati<strong>on</strong>s affecting 124<br />
housing envir<strong>on</strong>ment and 76<br />
interpretati<strong>on</strong> 62–3<br />
observati<strong>on</strong>al <str<strong>on</strong>g>research</str<strong>on</strong>g> 6, 90, 171<br />
pain-related 61, 66<br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>research</str<strong>on</strong>g> studies 89–90<br />
in welfare assessments 69, 70–1<br />
behaviourism 63<br />
benefits <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> animal <str<strong>on</strong>g>research</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />
to <str<strong>on</strong>g>animals</str<strong>on</strong>g> 242, 252<br />
c<strong>on</strong>sensus statement xviii–xix, 262<br />
ethical discussi<strong>on</strong> 241–2<br />
main types xx<br />
see also cost-benefit assessment<br />
Bentham, Jeremy 41, 49<br />
Bernard, Claude 17<br />
bioavailability tests 138, 143<br />
biocides 155<br />
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research <str<strong>on</strong>g>Council</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />
(BBSRC) xxxiii, 197, 282<br />
birds<br />
killed by cats 54<br />
toxicity tests 159, 162<br />
wild 75<br />
blood circulati<strong>on</strong> 15<br />
blood pressure 15, 128, 165<br />
blood sampling 79<br />
blood transfusi<strong>on</strong><br />
BSE transmissi<strong>on</strong> 113, 174<br />
hepatitis C transmissi<strong>on</strong> 114<br />
HIV/AIDS transmissi<strong>on</strong> 116<br />
blue-sky <str<strong>on</strong>g>research</str<strong>on</strong>g> see basic <str<strong>on</strong>g>research</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />
bomb attacks 26<br />
b<strong>on</strong>e marrow<br />
micr<strong>on</strong>ucleus test 161<br />
transplantati<strong>on</strong> 93<br />
bovine sp<strong>on</strong>giform encephalopathy (BSE) 107, 110–11,<br />
112–13, 173–4<br />
Boyd Group 199, 200, 267<br />
Boyle, Robert 17<br />
brain<br />
inserti<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> electrodes 94, 172<br />
pain pathways 67, 68<br />
breast cancer 117<br />
breathing, ag<strong>on</strong>al 165<br />
breeding<br />
selective 45, 46, 96–7<br />
sources <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> harm 74<br />
UK <str<strong>on</strong>g>research</str<strong>on</strong>g> statistics 296<br />
British Medical Associati<strong>on</strong> (BMA) 18<br />
British Uni<strong>on</strong> for the Aboliti<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> Vivisecti<strong>on</strong> (BUAV) 6, 22<br />
establishment 18<br />
undercover investigati<strong>on</strong>s/infiltrati<strong>on</strong>s 23, 24–5<br />
British Veterinary Associati<strong>on</strong> (BVA) 20, 27<br />
BSE see bovine sp<strong>on</strong>giform encephalopathy<br />
Burch, Rex 19<br />
burrowing 76<br />
Caenorhabditis elegans 122<br />
cages 76<br />
cleaning 77<br />
metabolism 164<br />
Cambridge University 24–5<br />
Canada, regulati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> animal <str<strong>on</strong>g>research</str<strong>on</strong>g> 233<br />
cancer 101, 174<br />
animal models 107, 117, 118<br />
drug development 194<br />
GM mouse models 125, 127<br />
capture 75<br />
carcinogenicity tests 155, 157, 160, 161, 183<br />
cardiovascular disease 127<br />
care, animal 77<br />
Home Office code <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> practice 224<br />
Refinement 211–12<br />
see also housing; husbandry<br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g> Case for Animal Rights (Regan) 23<br />
cats<br />
basic <str<strong>on</strong>g>research</str<strong>on</strong>g> using 96<br />
killing <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> wild birds 54<br />
regulati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>research</str<strong>on</strong>g> 222<br />
cattle 102, 103, 107<br />
BSE 110–11, 112–13<br />
drug development 140<br />
Celgene Corporati<strong>on</strong> 145<br />
cell cultures 160, 191<br />
limitati<strong>on</strong>s <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> using 179<br />
in pharmaceutical <str<strong>on</strong>g>research</str<strong>on</strong>g> 137<br />
324