The ethics of research involving animals - Nuffield Council on ...

T h e e t h i c s o f r e s e a r c h i n v o l v i n g a n i m a l s
Index
'abolitionist' view xxiv, 244–5, 252–5
acceptance <strong>of</strong> consensus 256–7
Aborigines, Australian 56
absolutist stance xvii, 177
absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion
(ADME) studies 161–2
Abstracts <strong>of</strong> Project Licences (Home Office) xxix,
139, 231, 268
acts versus omissions 35–6
Act to Prevent the Cruel and Improper Treatment <strong>of</strong>
Cattle 1822 221
acute toxicity studies 155, 158–60
adjuvants 100, 140, 141–2
administration <strong>of</strong> substances 79, 212
adverse drug reactions (ADRs) 146, 147
prediction from human clinical studies 179–80
validity <strong>of</strong> animal studies 183
adverse effects on <strong>animals</strong> see harm to <strong>animals</strong>
aging
adverse effects 111–12
disorders 127
early 102
agrochemicals, toxicity testing 159, 160, 162
AIDS see HIV/AIDS
alcohol products 231–2, 262
allergic reactions 100
Altbib database 200
alternatives (to animal <strong>research</strong>) 194
availability 49
current debate 189–90
definition 190
public debate 232
responsibility for developing 53
unavailability 53–4
see also Replacements
altruistic behaviour 39, 43
Alzheimer's disease 102, 124–5, 127, 136
amphibians
basic <strong>research</strong> using 95, 101
identification methods 78, 90
toxicity studies 157, 162
anaesthesia 18, 80
anaphylaxis 100
animal liberation 50
Animal Liberation (Singer) 23, 50
Animal Liberation Front (ALF) 26
animal models 7, 97
cancer 117
conclusions and recommendations 281–2
genetic disease 121–9, 174–5
hepatitis C 113–14, 174
HIV/AIDS 116–17
human disease xx, 107–18, 173–4
pain and suffering 65–6, 109
in pharmaceutical <strong>research</strong> 138, 146–50
polio 114–16, 174
rheumatoid arthritis 108–10, 173, 212
transmissible spongiform encephalopathies
110–13, 173–4
Animal Procedures Committee (APC) 223, 267
on cost-benefit assessment (2003) xxviii–xxix,
226, 269, 274
on data sharing xxxiii, 280
on infringements <strong>of</strong> A(SP)A 224
recommendations to xxvii, xxix, xxxi, xxxii,
274, 277, 285
on scientific validity xxi, 180
animal protection groups 16, 23
history 18, 19
provision <strong>of</strong> information 269–70
recommendations to xxvii, xxxiii, 270, 282
undercover investigations/infiltrations 23–6
animal <strong>research</strong> 10
alternatives see alternatives
benefits 5–6
cessation scenarios 254–5
consensus statement xviii, 261–2
debate on see debate on animal <strong>research</strong>
ethical issues see ethical issues
hierarchy <strong>of</strong> moral importance 39–40
issues raised by specific types 7–8
numbers <strong>of</strong> <strong>animals</strong> used see numbers <strong>of</strong> <strong>animals</strong> used
scientific rationale xx–xxi
scientific validity see scientific validity
types 6
animal rights 16, 50
emergence 23
extremism xxvii, 26–7, 271–3
speciesism and 51
<strong>animals</strong>
cloning 100–2, 172–3
comparing different uses 54–5
as moral agents 39, 42
as moral subjects 39, 41–8
other uses xviii, 54, 248, 251, 253–4, 261–2
relative moral status 38–40
use <strong>of</strong> term 5
Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 (A(SP)A)
221–32, 237–8
acceptance xxiv–xxv, 256, 257
conclusions and recommendations 267, 273–5
cost-benefit assessment 27, 53, 225–8, 274–5
historical background 27–8, 221
operational aspects 222–3
pain, suffering, distress and lasting harm 62
philosophical framework 52–3
policy developments 231–2
protected <strong>animals</strong> 72, 222
recent issues <strong>of</strong> public debate 232
Animal Technicians Association see Institute <strong>of</strong> Animal
Technology
animal welfare see welfare
Animal Welfare Act (USA) 233, 299
Animal-Zebet database 200
Annual Statistics <strong>of</strong> Scientific Procedures on Animals
(Home Office) xxvi, 230, 266, 295–7
anthrax 107
anthropomorphism xxiii, 63, 64
critical xxiii, 64, 72–3, 81, 253
antibodies
monoclonal 100, 193
production 100, 173
therapeutic 109–10, 139
anti-convulsant drugs 144
antifungal agents 150–1
anti-thrombin, human (ATryn) 103
INDEX
323