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T h e e t h i c s o f r e s e a r c h i n v o l v i n g a n i m a l s NAVS NC3Rs NVS OECD OTMS PET RA REACH RDS RNA RSPCA SHAC <strong>The</strong> Statistics TNF TSE UFAW USA National Anti-Vivisection Society National Centre for the 3Rs Named Veterinary Surgeon Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development Over thirty months scheme Positron Emission Tomography Rheumatoid arthritis Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation <strong>of</strong> Chemicals RDS: Understanding Animal Research in Medicine. Previously the Research Defence Society Ribonucleic acid Royal Society for the Prevention <strong>of</strong> Cruelty to Animals Stop Huntington Animal Cruelty Home Office (2004) Statistics <strong>of</strong> Scientific Procedures on Living Animals Great Britain 2003 (Norwich: HMSO) Tumour Necrosis Factor Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies Universities Federation for Animal Welfare United States <strong>of</strong> America 322
T h e e t h i c s o f r e s e a r c h i n v o l v i n g a n i m a l s Index 'abolitionist' view xxiv, 244–5, 252–5 acceptance <strong>of</strong> consensus 256–7 Aborigines, Australian 56 absolutist stance xvii, 177 absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) studies 161–2 Abstracts <strong>of</strong> Project Licences (Home Office) xxix, 139, 231, 268 acts versus omissions 35–6 Act to Prevent the Cruel and Improper Treatment <strong>of</strong> Cattle 1822 221 acute toxicity studies 155, 158–60 adjuvants 100, 140, 141–2 administration <strong>of</strong> substances 79, 212 adverse drug reactions (ADRs) 146, 147 prediction from human clinical studies 179–80 validity <strong>of</strong> animal studies 183 adverse effects on <strong>animals</strong> see harm to <strong>animals</strong> aging adverse effects 111–12 disorders 127 early 102 agrochemicals, toxicity testing 159, 160, 162 AIDS see HIV/AIDS alcohol products 231–2, 262 allergic reactions 100 Altbib database 200 alternatives (to animal <strong>research</strong>) 194 availability 49 current debate 189–90 definition 190 public debate 232 responsibility for developing 53 unavailability 53–4 see also Replacements altruistic behaviour 39, 43 Alzheimer's disease 102, 124–5, 127, 136 amphibians basic <strong>research</strong> using 95, 101 identification methods 78, 90 toxicity studies 157, 162 anaesthesia 18, 80 anaphylaxis 100 animal liberation 50 Animal Liberation (Singer) 23, 50 Animal Liberation Front (ALF) 26 animal models 7, 97 cancer 117 conclusions and recommendations 281–2 genetic disease 121–9, 174–5 hepatitis C 113–14, 174 HIV/AIDS 116–17 human disease xx, 107–18, 173–4 pain and suffering 65–6, 109 in pharmaceutical <strong>research</strong> 138, 146–50 polio 114–16, 174 rheumatoid arthritis 108–10, 173, 212 transmissible spongiform encephalopathies 110–13, 173–4 Animal Procedures Committee (APC) 223, 267 on cost-benefit assessment (2003) xxviii–xxix, 226, 269, 274 on data sharing xxxiii, 280 on infringements <strong>of</strong> A(SP)A 224 recommendations to xxvii, xxix, xxxi, xxxii, 274, 277, 285 on scientific validity xxi, 180 animal protection groups 16, 23 history 18, 19 provision <strong>of</strong> information 269–70 recommendations to xxvii, xxxiii, 270, 282 undercover investigations/infiltrations 23–6 animal <strong>research</strong> 10 alternatives see alternatives benefits 5–6 cessation scenarios 254–5 consensus statement xviii, 261–2 debate on see debate on animal <strong>research</strong> ethical issues see ethical issues hierarchy <strong>of</strong> moral importance 39–40 issues raised by specific types 7–8 numbers <strong>of</strong> <strong>animals</strong> used see numbers <strong>of</strong> <strong>animals</strong> used scientific rationale xx–xxi scientific validity see scientific validity types 6 animal rights 16, 50 emergence 23 extremism xxvii, 26–7, 271–3 speciesism and 51 <strong>animals</strong> cloning 100–2, 172–3 comparing different uses 54–5 as moral agents 39, 42 as moral subjects 39, 41–8 other uses xviii, 54, 248, 251, 253–4, 261–2 relative moral status 38–40 use <strong>of</strong> term 5 Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 (A(SP)A) 221–32, 237–8 acceptance xxiv–xxv, 256, 257 conclusions and recommendations 267, 273–5 cost-benefit assessment 27, 53, 225–8, 274–5 historical background 27–8, 221 operational aspects 222–3 pain, suffering, distress and lasting harm 62 philosophical framework 52–3 policy developments 231–2 protected <strong>animals</strong> 72, 222 recent issues <strong>of</strong> public debate 232 Animal Technicians Association see Institute <strong>of</strong> Animal Technology animal welfare see welfare Animal Welfare Act (USA) 233, 299 Animal-Zebet database 200 Annual Statistics <strong>of</strong> Scientific Procedures on Animals (Home Office) xxvi, 230, 266, 295–7 anthrax 107 anthropomorphism xxiii, 63, 64 critical xxiii, 64, 72–3, 81, 253 antibodies monoclonal 100, 193 production 100, 173 therapeutic 109–10, 139 anti-convulsant drugs 144 antifungal agents 150–1 anti-thrombin, human (ATryn) 103 INDEX 323
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The ethics
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The ethics
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Foreword The issue
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Table of contents
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Stages 1-2: discovery and selection
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Conclusions and recommendations ...
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Terms of reference
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T h e e t h i c s o f r e s e a r c
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Chapter 1 Introduction
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Chapter 2 The cont
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Chapter 3 Ethical issues raised by
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Chapter 4 The capa
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Section 2 Use of <
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Chapter 5 The use
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Chapter 6 The use
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Section 3 Alternatives
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Section 4 Legal, ethical and policy
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Chapter 14 Discussion of</s
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