The ethics of research involving animals - Nuffield Council on ...

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T h e e t h i c s o f r e s e a r c h i n v o l v i n g a n i m a l s ■ Medical Research <strong>Council</strong> (2000) Mice and Medicine: Animal experiments, medical advances and the MRC (London: MRC) ■ Royal Society (2001) <strong>The</strong> Use <strong>of</strong> Genetically Modified Animals (London: Royal Society) ■ Royal Society (2004) <strong>The</strong> Use <strong>of</strong> Non-human Animals in Research: A guide for scientists (London: Royal Society) ■ Royal Society for the Prevention <strong>of</strong> Cruelty to Animals (2001) Counting the cost – primate transport (Horsham: RSPCA) ■ Royal Society for the Prevention <strong>of</strong> Cruelty to Animals (2000) Safe and sound – the use <strong>of</strong> <strong>animals</strong> in cosmetics testing (Horsham: RSPCA) ■ Royal Society for the Prevention <strong>of</strong> Cruelty to Animals (Smith JA and Jennings M) (2003) A Resource Book for Lay Members <strong>of</strong> Local Ethical Review Processes (Horsham: RSPCA) ■ Straughan R (1999) Ethics, morality and animal biotechnology (Swindon: BBSRC) 298
T h e e t h i c s o f r e s e a r c h i n v o l v i n g a n i m a l s Appendix 4: Method <strong>of</strong> working In 2001, the <strong>Council</strong> held a workshop that addressed ethical issues arising from <strong>research</strong> <strong>involving</strong> <strong>animals</strong>. Subsequently, in February 2003, the Working Party on the <strong>ethics</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>research</strong> <strong>involving</strong> <strong>animals</strong> was established. Twelve meetings were held between February 2003 and December 2004. As part <strong>of</strong> its work, the Working Party held nine fact-finding meetings. Five <strong>of</strong> these took the form <strong>of</strong> discussions with experts and stakeholders at the <strong>of</strong>fices <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Nuffield</strong> <strong>Council</strong>. Four meetings took place at animal <strong>research</strong> facilities, where members familiarised themselves with the practice <strong>of</strong> <strong>research</strong>, and discussed scientific, ethical and legal issues with those involved. Brief descriptions <strong>of</strong> these meetings are provided below. 1 <strong>The</strong> Working Party also commissioned three evidence reviews relating to the assessment <strong>of</strong> pain, suffering and distress in <strong>animals</strong>. <strong>The</strong>se were provided by Pr<strong>of</strong>essor Colin Allan, Pr<strong>of</strong>essor Marc Bek<strong>of</strong>f and Pr<strong>of</strong>essor David Morton. From September to December 2003, the Working Party held a wider consultation, the responses to which are summarised in Appendix 5. <strong>The</strong> Working Party is extremely grateful to all those who took the time and contributed to its work by providing valuable insights and helping to clarify the complexities <strong>of</strong> scientific, regulatory, social and ethical issues raised by <strong>research</strong> <strong>involving</strong> <strong>animals</strong>. APPENDIX 4: METHOD OF WORKING Fact-finding meetings 2 14 May 2003, London Meeting at 28 Bedford Square, as part <strong>of</strong> the second meeting <strong>of</strong> the Working Party Michele Corrado Director <strong>of</strong> Social and Health Research, MORI Social Research Institute Programme: ■ Presentation <strong>of</strong> a recent study by MORI for CMP (Coalition for Medical Progress) on attitudes <strong>of</strong> members <strong>of</strong> the public towards <strong>research</strong> <strong>involving</strong> <strong>animals</strong>; ■ discussion about the findings <strong>of</strong> the <strong>research</strong> and methodological issues concerning the generation, presentation and use <strong>of</strong> data arising from polls. 2 July 2003, Pfizer, Sandwich Members <strong>of</strong> the Working Party who attended the meeting included Baroness Perry <strong>of</strong> Southwark (Chair), Pr<strong>of</strong>essor Barry Keverne FRS, Pr<strong>of</strong>essor Martin Raff FRS, Nick Ross, Pr<strong>of</strong>essor Jonathan Wolff, Dr Sandy Thomas and Harald Schmidt Staff at Pfizer: Dr Gill Samuels CBE Senior Director, Science Policy and Scientific Affairs 1 <strong>The</strong> Working Party also intended to familiarise themselves with the practice and rationale <strong>of</strong> primate <strong>research</strong> classified as ‘substantial’. This interest was discussed with staff <strong>of</strong> the Home Office and it was agreed that the Home Office would forward a letter outlining the Working Party’s request to visit <strong>research</strong> facilities that undertook such <strong>research</strong>. A letter was sent to the Home Office in February 2004. <strong>The</strong> <strong>Council</strong> received one reply from a <strong>research</strong> institute in July 2004, and contact was initiated to schedule a visit. However, it did not prove possible to arrange a fact finding meeting. Staff at the <strong>research</strong> institute were concerned about the institutional affiliations <strong>of</strong> some members <strong>of</strong> the Working Party. 2 Institutional affiliations at the time <strong>of</strong> the meeting are listed. 299
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The ethics
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The ethics
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Foreword The issue
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Table of contents
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Stages 1-2: discovery and selection
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Conclusions and recommendations ...
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Terms of reference
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T h e e t h i c s o f r e s e a r c
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Chapter 1 Introduction
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Chapter 2 The cont
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Chapter 3 Ethical issues raised by
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Chapter 4 The capa
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Section 2 Use of <
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Chapter 5 The use
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Chapter 6 The use
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Section 3 Alternatives
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Section 4 Legal, ethical and policy
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Chapter 14 Discussion of</s
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