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T h e e t h i c s o f r e s e a r c h i n v o l v i n g a n i m a l s Japan <strong>The</strong>re are no <strong>of</strong>ficial statistics for the use <strong>of</strong> <strong>animals</strong> in scientific procedures in Japan. A voluntary survey is conducted every four or five years by the Japanese Association for Laboratory Animal Science (JALAS): ■ <strong>The</strong> most recent survey covered April 2001–March 2002 for which 889 <strong>research</strong>ers <strong>of</strong> universities, institutes, testing laboratories and companies were polled (response rate 57%). ■ <strong>The</strong>se figures total approximately 4.7 million <strong>animals</strong>. ■ Almost 2 million <strong>of</strong> these were GM <strong>animals</strong>, 99% <strong>of</strong> which were mice. <strong>The</strong> data summarised below relate to the period between April 2001 and March 2002. 6 Figure 8: Animals used in scientific procedures in Japan April 2001–March 2002 by species (numbers <strong>of</strong> <strong>animals</strong>) ■ A separate survey conducted by the Japanese Association for Laboratory Animals in National Universities (JALAN) estimated that approximately 1.28 million <strong>animals</strong> were used in experiments by medical education and <strong>research</strong> institutes in 1999. 7 6 Committee for Laboratory Animal Care and Use (2003) <strong>The</strong> number <strong>of</strong> live <strong>animals</strong> used in experiments in 2001 – results <strong>of</strong> a survey Exp Anim 52: 143. 7 Ninomiya H and Inomata T (1998) Current uses <strong>of</strong> laboratory <strong>animals</strong> in Japan and alternative methods in <strong>research</strong>, testing and education App Anim Behav Sci 59: 219–25; Matsuda Y (2004) Recent trends in the number <strong>of</strong> laboratory <strong>animals</strong> used in Japan ATLA 32, Supplement 1: 299–301. 296
T h e e t h i c s o f r e s e a r c h i n v o l v i n g a n i m a l s Appendix 3: Reports by other organisations ■ Agriculture and Environment Biotechnology Commission (2002) Animals and Biotechnology (London: DTI) ■ Animal Aid (2003) Monkeying Around with Human Health: <strong>The</strong> cost to people <strong>of</strong> experiments on primates (Tonbridge: Animal Aid) ■ Animal Procedures Committee (2001) Biotechnology (London: APC) ■ Animal Procedures Committee (2003) Consultation paper on the statistics <strong>of</strong> scientific procedures on living <strong>animals</strong> in Great Britain (London: APC) ■ Animal Procedures Committee (2001) Openness (London: APC) ■ Animal Procedures Committee (2003) <strong>The</strong> use <strong>of</strong> primates under the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act (1986) (London: APC) ■ Animal Procedures Committee (2003) Review <strong>of</strong> cost-benefit assessment in the use <strong>of</strong> <strong>animals</strong> in <strong>research</strong> (London: HO) ■ <strong>The</strong> Associate Parliamentary Group for Animal Welfare (2005) <strong>The</strong> use <strong>of</strong> <strong>animals</strong> in vaccine testing for humans (London: APGAW) ■ Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research <strong>Council</strong> (2003) Science and Animal Welfare (Swindon: BBSRC) ■ Boyd Group (1999) Genetic Engineering: Animal welfare and <strong>ethics</strong> (Southsea: Boyd Group) ■ Boyd Group (2002) <strong>The</strong> Use <strong>of</strong> Non-human Primates in Research and Testing (Southsea: Boyd Group) APPENDIX 3: REPORTS BY OTHER ORGANISATIONS ■ Boyd Group (2002) <strong>The</strong> Use <strong>of</strong> Animals in Household Products (Southsea: Boyd Group) ■ British Union for the Abolition <strong>of</strong> Vivisection (2002) An investigation by the BUAV into primate <strong>research</strong> at Cambridge University (London: BUAV) ■ British Union for the Abolition <strong>of</strong> Vivisection (2003) Designer Mice (London: BUAV) ■ British Union for the Abolition <strong>of</strong> Vivisection/European Centre for the Validation <strong>of</strong> Alternative Methods (2001) <strong>The</strong> Way Forward: A non-<strong>animals</strong> testing strategy for chemicals (London: BUAV) ■ European Centre for the Validation <strong>of</strong> Alternative Methods (1998) <strong>The</strong> Use <strong>of</strong> Transgenic Animals in the European Union: <strong>The</strong> Report and Recommendations <strong>of</strong> ECVAM Workshop 28 (Ispra: ECVAM) ■ European Group on Ethics in Science and New Technologies (1996) Opinion on the Ethical Aspects <strong>of</strong> Genetic Modification <strong>of</strong> Animals (Brussels: EC) ■ European Science Foundation Policy Briefing (Second Edition) (2001) <strong>The</strong> Use <strong>of</strong> Animals in Research (Strasbourg: ESF) ■ Genewatch UK (2002) Genetically Modified and Cloned Animals: All in a good cause? (Buxton: Genewatch) ■ House <strong>of</strong> Lords Select Committee (2002) Animals in Scientific Procedures (Norwich: TSO) ■ Medical Research <strong>Council</strong> (2004) Ethics Guide: Best practice in the accommodation and care <strong>of</strong> primates used in Scientific Procedures (London: MRC) 297
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The ethics
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The ethics
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Foreword The issue
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Table of contents
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Stages 1-2: discovery and selection
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Conclusions and recommendations ...
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Terms of reference
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T h e e t h i c s o f r e s e a r c
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Chapter 1 Introduction
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Chapter 2 The cont
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Chapter 3 Ethical issues raised by
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Chapter 4 The capa
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Section 2 Use of <
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Chapter 5 The use
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Chapter 6 The use
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Section 3 Alternatives
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Section 4 Legal, ethical and policy
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Chapter 14 Discussion of</s
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