The ethics of research involving animals - Nuffield Council on ...
The ethics of research involving animals - Nuffield Council on ...
The ethics of research involving animals - Nuffield Council on ...
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T h e e t h i c s o f r e s e a r c h i n v o l v i n g a n i m a l s<br />
Figure 6: Research using <str<strong>on</strong>g>animals</str<strong>on</strong>g> c<strong>on</strong>ducted in the EU in 2002 by study type<br />
(% <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> total number <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>animals</str<strong>on</strong>g>)<br />
USA<br />
Three bodies oversee the welfare <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>research</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>animals</str<strong>on</strong>g> in the USA: the US Department <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />
Agriculture (USDA), the Department <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> Health and Human Services (DHHS) and the Associati<strong>on</strong><br />
for the Assessment and Accreditati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> Laboratory Animal Care (AAALAC).<br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g> USDA has in the past produced an annual report <strong>on</strong> the enforcement <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> the Animal Welfare<br />
Act. This includes statistics <strong>on</strong> the number <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>animals</str<strong>on</strong>g> used in <str<strong>on</strong>g>research</str<strong>on</strong>g>. <str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g> most recent report was<br />
published in 2003 for the fiscal year <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> 2002. As this report relates specifically to the US Animal<br />
Welfare Act, birds, rats and mice bred for use in <str<strong>on</strong>g>research</str<strong>on</strong>g> are excluded. 3<br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g> data summarised below relate to the statistics <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> the fiscal year <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> 2002 (October<br />
2001–September 2002). 4<br />
■ Approximately 1.1 milli<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>animals</str<strong>on</strong>g> were used for <str<strong>on</strong>g>research</str<strong>on</strong>g> in US federal and industrial <str<strong>on</strong>g>research</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />
laboratories.<br />
Figure 7: Animals used for <str<strong>on</strong>g>research</str<strong>on</strong>g> in the USA October 2001–September 2002 by species<br />
(excluding birds, rats and mice; 5 total numbers <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>animals</str<strong>on</strong>g>)<br />
3 Birds, rats <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> the genus Rattus and mice <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> the genus Mus, bred for use in <str<strong>on</strong>g>research</str<strong>on</strong>g> are not included in the term ‘animal’<br />
under the Animal Welfare Act. This is based <strong>on</strong> practical difficulties, rather than philosophical objecti<strong>on</strong>s. Federal Register<br />
(2004) Rules and Regulati<strong>on</strong>s Vol. 69, No. 108 4 Jun; House <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> Lords Select Committee <strong>on</strong> Animals in Scientific Procedures<br />
(2002) Volume 1 – Report (L<strong>on</strong>d<strong>on</strong>: TSO).<br />
4 USDA (2003) Annual Report <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> Enforcement for the Fiscal Year 2002 (Riverdale, MD: USDA), available at:<br />
http://www.aphis.usda.gov/ac/2002ar/ar2002.pdf. Accessed <strong>on</strong>: 13 Jan 2005.<br />
5 Federal Register (2004) Rules and Regulati<strong>on</strong>s Vol. 69, No. 108 4 Jun; House <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> Lords Select Committee <strong>on</strong> Animals in Scientific<br />
Procedures (2002) Volume 1 – Report (L<strong>on</strong>d<strong>on</strong>: TSO).<br />
APPENDIX 2: STATISTICS - RESEARCH INVOLVING ANIMALS IN THE UK, EU, USA AND JAPAN<br />
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