II - National Criminal Justice Reference Service
II - National Criminal Justice Reference Service
II - National Criminal Justice Reference Service
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A Comprebemive<br />
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Points of view or opinions stated in this document ar~;"'~ ;;<br />
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TABLE 9FCONTENTS<br />
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I nt,rod,UCtiOn , ••• I I, I ... I I. I I. ',~"t'"<br />
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! • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • <strong>II</strong><br />
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How ' ' Th Documents~ " ••••••••••••••••••• 1<br />
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INTRODUOTION<br />
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" Th,ls vC)lume IS t~ secOnd ann~aI s~ppl~U"8nt to Pllb/leationsat the Nationa//n;titute of<br />
JI!.t/cs*, a ,comprehen$IVe blbIlogr~y pUbll$t1ed in 1~7e to provide criminal justice<br />
prof",nals .W.1th a ,key to researct)" $PQnsored and publlahedby' the <strong>National</strong> Institute<br />
d, urlog Its,' fI, rat, dec,',' ,ada. Thlt suppktrnen, t .contai,n";\;1l8,··-)iQ!",~ for docu~ents publlshid In, 19, 79<br />
"JlJ1ddlstributed prlrnarlly through the U.S, Gove'nm~t, Printing 'Offi~or ttle <strong>National</strong><br />
Criml"aI <strong>Justice</strong> <strong>Reference</strong> <strong>Service</strong>. A small number of/such documents published prior to<br />
\",~~}: 1979 are alao cited.<br />
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T~ .cIt8tions Bfa <strong>II</strong>steCt In Part I In alphabetical ort,jer by title. A complete bibliographic<br />
cltation!Jlyallablli!Ylnfo[llp.!!Cm, @n~~~.@,tr@9!,-",prQvJflfJd fg' each publication. Subject and<br />
_uthOr Ind~~es are apperKJed. , " ,<br />
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Part <strong>II</strong> contains listings of several specialized types of publications:<br />
• Program Models and Prescriptive Packages --- Compilations of the most successful<br />
approaches being used to address particular criminal justice problems.<br />
• Test Designs - Detailed sPecifications for field testing program strategies In varied<br />
·settlngs to assess effectlvelless and transfBrabllity. . <strong>II</strong>'<br />
• Exemplary Projects-Ou18tandlng loc.lcrin'llm~I'justlce projects suitable ,for adaptation<br />
In Qther communities. '<strong>II</strong><br />
• <strong>National</strong> Evaluation Program - Pr.-ctlcallnformatlon on the effectiveness, cost, and<br />
problems of certain wldfJly I.l~ criminal justice programs.<br />
• Selected BibliOgraPhies - TC)pIcal bibliographies that reflect current Interests and<br />
developments In law enforcement and criminal justice.<br />
Infatmatlon 00 how to obt81n the documents cited may be found on the folloy/lng page .<br />
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• PubNc.tIoIJ. of the N.tIonal In.tltut.o' l.,<strong>II</strong>w Entorc,,,,,ntand Crimln.' Justlc~: A Comprehensive Bibliography<br />
(HCJ 48700): ~ Publlc.tIons of~. N.tI()<strong>II</strong>" In.tltUteof LAlw Enforc.",.nt and Crimln.' <strong>Justice</strong>: A Oomprehenlive<br />
BlbIJo~,.phy-1878 Sl!pple/ne~t (NCJ 57981). A limited number of copl.s of ",.~ document. are available<br />
wIthoUt charge from NCJRS. CopIes may alOC) be purch.18d from the Glov.mment Printing Office.<br />
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. INTRODUCTION<br />
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This volume Is ttj~ second annual supplement to Publications of the Natlomj./lnstltute of<br />
<strong>Justice</strong> *. a comprehensive bibliography .. published in ~ ..97e to provide criminal justice<br />
profeeslonals with a key to .re$8arch spgnsored and publis.hed bY the Natj(malln~tltute<br />
during Ita first de.cade. fhl' supplement contalnscit~tioi1sfor d9Cuments publi$hec;t in 1979<br />
, and dlltrlbu,ed primarily through ~he U.S. ~.O'lernment Printing Office or ,the <strong>National</strong><br />
.Crlmlnal <strong>Justice</strong> <strong>Reference</strong> Servi~8~"A small number of such documents published prior to<br />
1979 are also clted~ C'<br />
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The clt,~ions are listed In Part I in alphabetipal ord~r by)itle. A co.rhplete bibliographic<br />
clt4ltlon: availability Info,rmatlon, and abstract are Ptovide~"lor e~ch pul,)licatlon. Subje~t and<br />
v author Indexes are apPended.<br />
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. Part <strong>II</strong> contains listings of several specialized types of publications: ,<br />
". PrOQram Models and Prescriptive Packages..,.,. Compil4ltions 9f .themost successful<br />
approaches being used to address particular criminal justice problems. "<br />
<strong>II</strong> T,8t Deslpns -:- Det~U,d specifications for field testing program strategies in varied<br />
settings to assess,effectlvene-M anc;t transferability.<br />
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<strong>II</strong> Exemplary Projects-Outstanding locill{:riminal justice proj~ts suitable for adaptation<br />
In other cQmm",nitles." . c.. ,,'"<br />
411 <strong>National</strong> Evaluation Program .;....Practical information on.the effectiveness, cost, and<br />
.problems of certain widely used criminal justic~ programs. .<br />
.Select~ Blbliographle§ - Topical bibliographies that reflect current int,erests and<br />
davelopmentsin law enforcement and criminal ,justice.<br />
Inforr~atlon on how to obtain the doc~ments cited may be found on the following page.<br />
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• Publication. of the fo/at/.pniilln.tJtute of Law Enforceiftent and <strong>Criminal</strong> <strong>Justice</strong>: A Co,mprehenslve Bibliography<br />
(Nc.J 4~700): and Put,llcatlolJlJ of the <strong>National</strong>ln,tJtute of Law Enforcement ,and Orimlmll <strong>Justice</strong>: A Cpmprehen<br />
" .We Blbllopraphy-1979'Supplement (NCJ ~7987):':'>" <strong>II</strong>",lted number of copies of the,. ~()Cum,n'e area\(~lIable'<br />
(\ wlthol.lt charge from NcJF'S. CopIes may also:be purc~ from the Govemment Prlntlnlll OffIce. ,<br />
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PUBLICATIONS OF THENIJ<br />
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1. AFFIRMAnve ACTION IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM.<br />
NATIONAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE REFERENCE SERVICE, BOX<br />
6000, ROCKVILLE MD 20850. 1(; p. 1979. HCH11~'<br />
tHE RELATIONSHIP OF EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYMENT<br />
LAWS TO THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM IS DISCUSSED, IN·<br />
CLUDING AFFIRMATIVE ACTION PROGRAMS, BARRIERS TO<br />
CHAlroE, AND ESTABLISHM/:NT OF GOALS AND GRIEVANCE<br />
PROCEDURES. THE EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY<br />
ACT OF 1972 MAY BE THE MOST .IMPORTANT LAW AFFECT·<br />
ING JOB DISCRIMINATION BECAUSE IT SPECIFIES THAT<br />
RACE, COLOR, RELIGION, SEX, AND NATIONAL ORIGIN<br />
CANNOT BE FACTORS IN EMPLOYMENT. FOR CRIMINAL JUS<br />
TICE AGENCIES, HOWEVER, ADDITIONAL PROHIBITIONS BAR·<br />
RING DISCRIMINATION WERE WRITTEN INTO THE 1973 OMNI·<br />
BUS CRIME CONTROL· AND SAFE STREETS Ar:i.BASED ON<br />
THIS ACT, THE LElIA EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY<br />
PROGRAMS REQUIRE THAT THE MAKEUP OF THE POPULA·<br />
TION SERVED MUST BE REFI.ECTED 'IN THE EQUAL-EMPLOY·<br />
MENT OPPORTUNITY EFFORTS OF A GRANTEE.IMPLEMEN.<br />
TATION. DIFFICULTIES ARE lilGHLIGHTED BY EXCERPTS<br />
FROM SEVERAL NEWS STORIES. BARRIERS TO AFFIRMATIVE<br />
AOTION PROGRAMS FALL INTO THREE GROUPS: ORGANIZA·<br />
TIONAL BARRIERS WITHIN THE AGENCY, MANAGERIAL BAR·<br />
RIERS WITHIN INDIVIDUAL MANAGERS, AND INTRAPER·<br />
SONAL BARRIERS, I.E., BARRIERS WITHIN MINORITIES AND<br />
WqMEN THEMSELVES. IDEAS FOR OVERCOMING EACH TYPE<br />
OF BARRIER ARE LISTED. SUGGESTIONS FOR DESIGNING<br />
AND IMP~EMENTING AN AFFIRMATIVE ACTION PLAN IN·<br />
ClUDE 1'~E FOLLOWING ,STEPS: DEVELOP OR REAFFIRM<br />
THE POLICY TO ELIMINATE DISCRIMINATORY SYSTEMS, DIS·<br />
SEMINATe THI;-~LICY WITHIN THE ORGANIZATION AND TO<br />
OUTSIDE ORtiA"NIZAi1\>.NS, ASSIGN RESPONSIBILITY TO 1M·<br />
PLEMENT TH~ POLICY 70 THE C~OEF EXECUTIVE AND AN AF·<br />
FIRMATIVE ACTION OFFICER, PEFOtiM A"l.mLIZATION ANAL·<br />
YSIS, IDENTIFY PROBI£M AREAS, ESTM,LlSH GOALS AND TI·<br />
METABLES, PERFORM AN INTERNAL A~OIT, ORGANIZE ARE·<br />
PORTING SYSTEM,ANO PFtOVIDE EMrlLOYEES WITH GRIEV·<br />
ANCE PROCEDURES, GRAPHS AND t, LIST OF RESOURCE<br />
AGf;NCIES ARE INCLUDED.<br />
~ Not..: GENERAL INFORMATION PAMPHLET.<br />
<strong>II</strong>poMorfnfI ~: US DEPARTMENT OF JUSTiCe LEM NA·<br />
TIONAL INSTITUTE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL<br />
JUSTICE,833 INDIANA AVENUE 1fN, WASHINGTON, DC 20531.<br />
Avl<strong>II</strong>Iaib<strong>II</strong>Ity: GPO Siock Order No. 0270000.()()849-6: NCJRS<br />
MICROFICHE PROGRAM, NCJRS.'<br />
1<br />
2. ALTERNATIVES TO ItmlTUTIONAUZATIOH-A DEFINITIVE<br />
BlILIOGRAPHY. J. A. BRANTLEY end M. KRAVITZ, Eda.<br />
NATIONAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE REFERENCE SERVICE, BO)(<br />
8000, RockvILLE MD 20850, 253 p, 1979. MCJ.5I51.<br />
ALL OF THE LITEHATURE IN THE NATIONAL CRIMltML JUS<br />
TICE REF.ERENCE SERVICE DATA BASE (OVER 2,~100 EN·<br />
TRIES) CONCERNING THE BROAD SUBJECT OF AL:TERNA·<br />
TIVES TO INSTITUTIONALIZATION ARE CITED IN TH<strong>II</strong>S BIB·<br />
LIOGRAPHY. THE BIBLIOGRAPHV,IN FACT, DOCUMENl'S THE<br />
DIVERSE NATURE Of. ALTE~NA1ii<strong>II</strong>!S TO<br />
INSTITUTIONALIZATION, ,ALL DESIGNED TO VOID, MINIMize,<br />
HALT, OR SUSPEND PENETRATION INTO T' "ClIMINAL ':.IS-<br />
TICE SYSTEM. THE MATERIALS FRESENTELt ',,':' _.:FINI·<br />
TIVE BIBLIOGRAPHY PERTAIN TO JUVENILt. TRAINING<br />
SCHOOLS, PRERELEASE CF.NTERS, HALr'"WAY HOUSES,<br />
WORK·RELEASE PROGRAMS, RESTITUTION, WEEKEND SEN·<br />
TENCING, COMMUNITY SERVICE ORDERS, GROU? AND<br />
FOSTER HOMES, AND PROBATION AND PAROLE. BAIL AND<br />
F,JELEASE ON RECOGNIZANCE ARE INCLUDED WHEN THEY<br />
ARE USED AS A MEANS FO::' AVOIDING INCARCEF:ATION.<br />
THE CIT~TIONS ARE ANNOTATEUAND PRESENTED IN AL·<br />
PHABETICAL ORDER BY TITLE. PUBLICATION OATES RANGE<br />
PRIMARILY FROM 1972 TO 1978. THE INTRODUCTION SUM·<br />
MARIZES THE :-tISTORICAL SEARCH FOR SUITABLE ALTER·<br />
NATIVES TO INSTITUTIONALIZATION. AUTHOR AND SUBJECT<br />
INDEXES ARE APPENDED AND INFORMATION ABOUT SALES<br />
SOURCES AND MICROFICHE AVAILABILITY IS PROVIDED.<br />
8ponIoriI1g Agencv: US DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE LEAA NA·<br />
TIONAL INSTITUTE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL<br />
JUSTICE, 833 INDIANA AVENUE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20531.<br />
AVailability: GPO Slotk Order No. 027·000'()o820-8: NCJRS<br />
MICROFICHE PROGRAM. NCJRS.<br />
3. ANTICORRUPTION 8TRA11l0Y FOR LOCAL GOVERNMENTS.<br />
Iy T. FLETCHER, P. GORDON, and S. HE~LL SRI IN·<br />
TERNATIONAL, 333 RAVENSWOOD AVENUE~ MF.NLO PARK CA<br />
94025.67 p. 1970. HCJ·fil524<br />
THIS REPORT DESCRIBES A COUNTERCORRUPTION STRAT·<br />
EGY THAT CAN~~ IMPLEMENTED BY CITY ADMINISTRATORS<br />
TO MONITOR THE:'p,ERF'ORMANCE OF EMPLOYEES AND TO<br />
INCREASE UNDERSr~'~DING OF WHAT CONSTITUTES COR·<br />
RUPTION AND HOW TO>~VOID IT. THE PROGRAM SUGGEST·<br />
ED HERE IS BASED ol"htH.~FO~LOWING HYPOTHESES: (1)<br />
THE ATTRACTIVENESS OF'AN OPPORTUNITY FOR CORRUP·<br />
TION IS INVERSELV PROPORtiONAL TO ITS VISIBILITY: (2)<br />
THE ATTAACTIVENESS·OF AN Or?ORTUNITY FOR CORRUp·<br />
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ARSON<br />
PUBLICATIONS<br />
OF THE NIJ<br />
CATALOG<br />
,<br />
TION IS LIKELY TO DROP AS MORE dFFICIALS BECOME AC.<br />
TUALLY OR POTENTIALLY INVOLVEDj AND (3) THE OPPORTU.<br />
NITY FOR AN OFFICIAL TO ENGAGE IN A CORRUPT ACT WILL<br />
BE INCREASED BY STRUCTURES THAT INCREASE AUTON.<br />
OMY, PROVIDE VAGUE DECISION RULES, OR POSE MINIMAL<br />
RISKS (LIMITED DETECTION CAPABILITIES OR LIGHT SANC.<br />
TION POLICIES). THE APPROACH PROPOSED USES MANAGE.<br />
MENT CONTROL, AUDIT PROCEDURES, TRAINING, AND IN.<br />
VESTIGATION, WITH A MANAGEMENT TEAM TO SEE THAT<br />
ALL THESE FUNCTIONS WORK TOGETHER AND WORK PROP.<br />
ERLY. THE COMBINATION IS CALLED AIMS, FOR<br />
ACCOI,INTAI3!LlTY.INTEGRITY.MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS. THE<br />
PROPOSEDSYSrEM CAN BE USED FOR ALL OF THOSE IN<br />
THE PUBLIC EMPLOY, BUT IS AIMED PARTICULARLY AT<br />
THOSE IN STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT (WHETHER<br />
ELECTED, APPOINTED, OR HIRED) AND WHETHER THEY<br />
WISH "0 ADOPT 'THE PROGRAM FROM THE TOP OF THE OR.<br />
GANIZATION OR AT MIDLEVEL THE PURPOSE OF THE<br />
SYSTEM IS TO ENSURE ACCOUNTABILITY (RESPONSIBILITY<br />
FOR CONDUCT AND OBLIGATIONS) AND INTEGRITY (TRUST.<br />
WORTHINESS AND PUBLIC RESPONSIBILITY). THE ETHICAL<br />
BASIS FOR THE HANDBOOK IS PRESENTED, ALONG WITH<br />
INSTRUCTIONS ON HOW TO INSTALL AN AIMS SYSTEM, HOW<br />
TO ESTABLISH MANAGEMENT CONTROL, AN AUDIT CON.<br />
TROL, TRAINING, AND AN INVESTIGATIVE ARM. POTENTIAL<br />
OBSTACLES ARE IDENTIFIED At'::J SUGGESTIONS ARE GIVEN<br />
ON HOW TO DEAL WITH THEM. AN APPENDIX PROVIDES A<br />
CHART OF THE RANGE OF CONCERNS ENCOMPASSED BY<br />
'ETHICS AND THE PUBLIC SERVICE.' REFERENCES ARE IN.<br />
CLUDED.<br />
~ Acency: US DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE LEAA NA.<br />
TIONAL INSTITUTE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL<br />
JIJ.§JICE, 833 INDIANA AVENuE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20531.<br />
, '"AVIiIiab!I!ty: GPO Siock Order No. 027.()()()~j NCJRS<br />
MICROFICHE PROGRAM.<br />
4. ARSOH-A 8lLECTED 81BUOORAAAY. J. T. DUNCAN, M.<br />
CAPLAN, and M. KRAVITZ, Eda. NATIONAL CRIMINAL JUS<br />
TICE REFERENCE SERVICE, BOX 6000, ROCKVILLE MD 20850.<br />
69 p. 1979. NCJ.5I3GCI<br />
ARSON-THE NATURE AND EXTENT OF THE PROBLEM,<br />
PROACTIVE MEASURES AND CONTROLS TO PREVENT<br />
ARSON, AND ReACTJVE MEASURES AND CONTROLS ON<br />
ARsoN CRIMES-IS THE ',zOOUS OF THIS BIBLlOGAAPHY<br />
WITH ABSTRACTS. ARSON, ',THE WILLFUL ANC, MALICIOUS<br />
BURNING OF PROPERTY, HAS INCREASED DRAMATICALLY IN<br />
RECENT YEARS. DATA PUBLISHED FOR THE YEARS<br />
1965·1975 REFLECT AN INCREASE IN INCENDIARY BUILDING<br />
FIRES OF 326 PERCENT. ARSON IS A DIFFICULT CRIME TO<br />
COMBAT. AN INVESTIGATION M'UST BE CONDUCTED EVEN<br />
BEFORE THE FACT CAN BE ESTABLISHED THAT ARSON WAS<br />
COMMITTED. ARSON CASES ARE CHARACTERIZED BY THE<br />
,LACK OF WITNESSES AND THE DEVASTATION OF THE CRIME<br />
SCENE AND VALUABLE EVIDENCE. MOTIVES FOR ~RSON<br />
ARE VARIED--oFTEN'REVENGE, SPITE, JEALOUSY, INTIMIDA.<br />
TION, AND CRIME CONCEALMENT-BUT MORE AND MORE,<br />
ARSON IS BEING COMMITTED BY PROFESSIONAL CRIMINALS<br />
FOR PROFIT. THE COST (S1.4 BILLION IN 1975) IS BORNE PRI.<br />
MARILY BY INSURANCE COMPANIES, BUT INDIRECTLY BY<br />
THE PUBLIC THAOUGH INCREASED INOURANCE RATES AND<br />
""XES. THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT IS COMBATING ARSON<br />
WITH A VARIETY OF ACTIONS, ONE OF THE MOST NOTABLE<br />
BEING THE ADOITION OF ARSON TO THE SEVEN SERIOUS<br />
OFFENSES REPORTED IN THE FBI UNIFORM CF,lIME RE.<br />
PORTS IN,DEX. THIS BIBLIOGRAPHY FOCUSES ON ARSON<br />
AND PROVIDES LAW ENFORCEMENT PROFESSIONALS WITH<br />
A ,RESOURCE THAT HIGHLIGHTS THE METHODS USED TO<br />
PREVENT AND INVESTIGATE ARSON. THE 89 CITATIONS ARE<br />
,DIVIDED INTO THREE SECTIONS: (1) THE IMPACT OF ARSON<br />
.. AND STUDIES OF THE CHARACTERISTICS AND PSYC'HOLOGI.<br />
CAL PROFILES OF ARSONISTS; (2) ATTEMPTS TO PREVENT<br />
AND CONTROL ,f.RSON THROUGH SUCH STRATEGIES AS<br />
SPECIAL TASK FORCES, PATTERN ANALYSIS, AND INTER.<br />
AGENCY COOPERATION: AND (3) STUDIES OF ARSON INVES.<br />
TIGATIVE PROCEDURES AND FIRE SCENE ANALYSIS. ALL<br />
THE DOCUMENTS ARE SELECTED FROM THE NATIONAL<br />
CRIMINAL JUSTICE REFERENCE SERVICE DATA BASE WITH<br />
PUBLICATION DATES BETWEEN 1975 AND 1979. INFORMA.<br />
TION ABOUT SALES SOURCES AND MICROFICHE AVAILABIL.<br />
ITY IS PROVIDED.<br />
Sponeortng Agency: US DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE LEM NA.<br />
TIONAL INSTITUTE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL<br />
JUSTICE, 633 INDIANA AVENUE NW, WASHINGl'ON, DC 20531.<br />
Av.lI.Ib<strong>II</strong>Ity: GPO Stock Order No. 027.()()().()(l822 ....: . NCJRS<br />
MICROFICHE PROGRAM. NCJRS.<br />
'<br />
5. 8AWSTIC RES<strong>II</strong>TAHCE OF POLICE DOOY ARMOR-HILECJ<br />
(NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CAIMI.<br />
NAL JUSTICE) STANDARD. US DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE<br />
I.EAA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AND<br />
CRIMINAL JUSTICE, 633 INDIANA AVENUE NW, WASHINGTON,<br />
DC 20531. 17 p. 1978. NCJ.474H<br />
THIS LAW ENFORCEMENT EQUIPMENT STANDARD, AP.<br />
PROVED AND ISSUED ,BY THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF LAW<br />
ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE, CONSISTS OF PER.<br />
FORMANCE AND OTHER REQUIREMENTS AS WELL AS A DE.<br />
SCRIPTION OF TI:STING METHODS. POLICE BODY ARMOR<br />
WHICH CAN MEET THE REQUIREMENTS SET FORTH IN THE<br />
DOCUMENT Is CONSIDERED TO BE OF SUPERIOR QUALITY<br />
AND SUITED TO THE NEEDS OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AGEN.<br />
CIES. PURCHASERS CAN USE THE TEST METHODS DE.<br />
SCRIBED IN THIS STANDARD TO DETERMINE FIRSTHAND<br />
WHETHER A PARTICULAR EQUIPMENT ITEM MEETS THE RE.<br />
QUIREMENTS OF THE STANDARD, OR THEY MAY HAVE THE<br />
TEST CONDUCTED ON THEIR BEHALF BY A QUALIFIED TEST.<br />
ING LABORATORY. THE DOCUMENT IS OF A TECHNICAL<br />
NATURE, AND ITS SPECIAL FOCUS IS AS Ii PROCUREMENT<br />
AID. THUS, IT IS OF LIMITED USE TO THOSE WHO SEEK GEN.<br />
ERAL GUIDANCE CONCERNING BOOV ARMOR. THE CLASSIFI.<br />
CATION OF BODY ARMOR ACCORDING TO THE DEGREE OF<br />
PROTECTION OFFERED IS EXPLAINED, AND .TECHNICAL<br />
TERMS USED IN THE DOCUMENT ARE DEFINED. GENERAL<br />
REQUIREMENTS Few! TEST SAMPLES, WORKMANSHIP, LA.<br />
BELING, ETC., ARE OUTLINED, AND SPECIFIC TEST METHODS<br />
.AND PROCEDURES FOR THE VARIOUS CLASSIFICATIONS OF<br />
BODY ARMOR ARE PRESENTED. DIAGRAMS AND TABLES<br />
ARE PROVIDED TO ILLUSTRATE AND SUMMARIZE THE MATE.<br />
RIAL PRESENTED.<br />
lupp/ement.l Notn: LAW ENFORCEMENT STANDARDS PRO.<br />
GRAM SUPERSEDES NILECJ.STD.o101.00.<br />
Avlillllblllty: GPO Stock Order No. 027.()()().()(l729.6: NCJRS,<br />
MICROFICHE PROGRAM.<br />
I. BATON ROUGE (LA)-STOP f,t,APE Cfllill CENTER. By D.<br />
WHITCOMB, D. A. DAY, and L R. 8TUDEN. ABT ASSO<br />
CIATES, INC, 55 WHEELER STREET, CAMBRIDGEMA 02138.<br />
90 p. 1Ino. NCJ.I04.<br />
AN AID FOR IMPROVING RAPE ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS,<br />
THIS MANUAL DESCRIBES THE SERVICES AND ACHIEVE.<br />
MENTS OF THE STOP RAPE CRISIS CENTER (SRCC) IN<br />
BATON ROUGE, LA., EST~BLISHED IN 1975 WITH A GRANT<br />
FROM LEM. TO LINK CRIMINAL JUSTICE GOALS (INCREASE<br />
THE REPORTING OF RAPE AND THE NUMBER OF ARRESTS<br />
AND CONVICTIONS) WITH VICTIM SUPPORT GOALS (INVOLVE<br />
THE COMMUNITY IN PROGRAM SERVICES AND REDUCE VIC.<br />
TIMS' TRAUMA), THE BATON ROUGE DISTRICT ATTORNEY'S<br />
OFFICE CREATED THE SROC AS ONE OF 10 SPECIAL SERVo<br />
ICE PROGRAMS. THIS AFFILIATION GREATLY ENHANCES THE<br />
CENTER'S CREDIBILITY ,IN DEALING WITH OTHER CRIMINAL<br />
JUSTICE PERSONNEL, COMMUNITY AGENCIES, THE PUBLIC,<br />
AND POTENTIAL AND ACTUAL RAPE VICTIMS. IN ADDITION,<br />
THE DISTRICT ATTORNEY'S ACTIVE SPONSORSHIP OF THE<br />
RAPE PROGRAM HAS GUARANTEED THAT RAPE CASES WILL<br />
"<br />
RECEIVE PRIORITY ATTENTION FROM PROSECUTORS, AND<br />
IT HAS ENHANCED COORDINATION AMONG PARTICIPATING<br />
AGENCIES. ONE OF THE SRGe'S MOST IMPRE~IVE<br />
ACHIEVEMENTS IS ITS CAPABILITY 0F GIVING FREE EMER·<br />
GENCY MEDICAL TREATMENT TO RAPE VICTIMS. TWO HOS<br />
PITALS SUPPLY PRIVATE TREATMENT ROOMS FOR RAPE<br />
VICTIMS, AND TwELVE PHYS,ICIANS VOLUNTEER THEIR TIME<br />
TO GIVE TREATMENT. IN ADDITION, PUBLIC SUPPORT<br />
COMES IN THE FORM OF SERVICES FURNISHED BY 60<br />
WOMEN VOLUNTEERS AND FREE PUBLIC SERVICE AN·<br />
NOUNCEMENTS ON RADIO AND LOCAL TELEVISION. THE<br />
SRCC APPROflCH TO RAPE CRISIS ASSISTANCE IS DETAILED<br />
IN THIS REPORT WHICH FOCUSES ON THE 24·HOUR HOT·<br />
LINE, THE SPECIAL PROCEDURES USED BY tAW ENFORCE·<br />
MENT TI-IE SERVICES OF A TRAINED ESCORT COUNSELOR, ..<br />
AND PIJ'J'SICIAN'S USE OF A RAPE EVIDENCE KIT. PROJECT<br />
COSTS AND LEelSLATIVE ISSUES ARE DISCUSSED, AS ARE<br />
PROJf'CT SUCCESSES. RESULTS OF A CUENT SURVEY<br />
POINT TO A HIGH RATE OF SATISFACTION-86 PERCENT<br />
RATED SRCC'S SERVICES 'EXCELLENT' AND 14 PERCENT DE·<br />
SCRIBED THEM AS 'GOOD.' THE ARREST RATE FOR REPORT·<br />
ED RAPES CLIMBED FROM 38 TO 69 PERCENT, AND THE<br />
CONVICTION RATE JUMPED FROM 3 TO 88 PERCENT. TABU·<br />
LAR DATA ARE PROVIDED, AND SEVERAL CENTER PLANNING<br />
AND OPERATING DOCUMENTS WHICH MAY BE OF USE IN<br />
PLANNING AND OPERATING A SIMILAR PROJECT ARE AP·<br />
PENDED.<br />
~ NotH: AN EXEMPLARY PROJECT.<br />
SponIOI'Ing Agency' US DEPARTMENT OR.;JUSTICE LEAA NA·<br />
TIONAL INSTITUTE 'OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL<br />
JUSTICE, 633 INDIANA AVENUE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20531.<br />
Availability: GPO Stock Order No. 027.000-00868·2: NCJRS<br />
MICROFICHE PROGRAM.<br />
7 BODY.WoRN FM (FREQUENCY MODULATIOM) TRANSMIT·<br />
• TERS By R H JONES, L F. SAULSDERY, and J. L WORK·<br />
MAN' US DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE LEAA NATIONAL INSTI·<br />
TUTE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE, 633<br />
INDIANA AVENUE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20531. 26 p.<br />
1978 ~7371<br />
A STANDARD IS PRESENTED ESTABLISHING PERFORMANCE<br />
REQUIREMENTS AND METHODS .OF TESTING ADEQUACY OF<br />
BODY·WORN FREQUENCY·MODULATED (FM) TRANSMITTERS,<br />
OF THREE WATTS OR LESS, USED BY LAW ENFORCEMENT<br />
AGENCIES. INFORMATION PERTAINS TO THREE CLASSIFICA·<br />
TIONS OF FM TRANSMITTERSj THOSE OPERATING IN THE<br />
0400 TO 512 MHZ BAND, IN THE 150 TO 174 MHZ BAND, AND<br />
IN THE 25 TO 50 MHZ BAND. DEFINITIONS OF TERMS USED<br />
IN THE EQUIPMENT STANDARDS ARE PRESENTED. REQUIRE·<br />
MENTS FOR THE FOLLOWING ARE GIVEN: TRANSMITTER<br />
PERFOAMANC::::, TRANSMITTER, BATTERY, RADIO FREQUEN·<br />
CY CARRIER CHARACTERISTICS, OUTPUT POWER, FREQUEN·<br />
CY STABILITY, AMPLITUDE MODULATION, (AM) HUM AND<br />
NOISt:: LEVEL TRANSMITTER EFFICIENCY, AUDIOFRE.<br />
QUENcY RESPDNSE, :FREQUENCY DEVIATION, MODULATION<br />
LIMITING, E"ECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY CHARACTER·<br />
ISTICS RAPIATED SPURIOUS EMISSIONS, SIDEBAND SPEC·<br />
TRUM 'ANO BATTERY SERVICE LIFE. TEST CONDITIONS ARE<br />
SPECIFIED AND METHODS FOR TESTING EACH OF THE<br />
ABOVE REQUIREMENTS ARE DELINEATED. ,.APPENDIXES IN·<br />
ClIJOE REFERENCES, MINIMUM PERFORMANCE REQUIRE·<br />
MENTS FOR THE THREE CLASSIFICATIONS OF TRANSMIT·<br />
TERS, AND DIAGRAMS FOR A NUMBER OF TEST MEASURE·<br />
MENTS.<br />
SUpplemenbl! NotH: LAW ENFORCEMENT STANDARDS PRO·<br />
GRAM.<br />
Av.llllblllty: NCJRS MICROFICHE PROGRAM.<br />
CARGO SECURITY FIELD TEST PROGRAM-TASK CLa-<br />
I. 8EOUT RE..aRT, DECEMBER Jlt,-EQUIPMENT SYSTEMS,<br />
IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM. AEROSPACE CORPORATION,<br />
955 L'ENFANT PLAZA, SW, WASHINGTON',pc 20024. 27 p.<br />
1978. NCJ·S3731<br />
TO AID INDUSTRY IN REDUCING CARGO THEFT LOSSES, A<br />
TRUCK ANTIHIJACKING PROJECT WAS INITIATED IN 1973.<br />
THIS REPORT COVERS THE FINAL FIELD TEST OF A SECU·<br />
RITY SYSTEM FOR A TOTAL OF 40 TRUCK·YEARS OF qPER.<br />
ATION. THE ANTIHIJACKING PROJECT WAS S~NSORED BY<br />
THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF LAW ENFORCeMENT AND<br />
CRIMINAL JUSTICE. THE INITIAL PHASES OF THE PROJECT<br />
IDENTIFIED THE MOST VULNERABLE POINTS OF CARGO<br />
SHIPPING AND DEMONSTRATED THE FEASIBILITY OF AN<br />
AUTOMATIC VEHICLE MONITORING SYSTEM BASED ON AM<br />
(AMPLITUDE MODUW'ION) BROADCAST SIGNALS. THIS<br />
FIELD TEST INVOLVED 40 TRUCK RPUTES BELONGING TO 2<br />
COMMERCIAL TRUCKING COMPANIES IN THE LOS ANGELES,<br />
CALIF AREA WITH CONTROL DATA SUPPLIED BY 2 ADDI·<br />
TIONAL COOPERATING FIRMS. TOTAL AOUTE·MILES FOR<br />
BOTH TEST AND CONTAOL GROUPS WF.RE ABOUT 400<br />
SQUARE MILES. THIS REPORT DESCRIBES THE FIELD TRIAL<br />
METHODOLOGY AND GIVES A NONTECHNICAL DESCRIPTION<br />
OF THE AUTOMATIC TRUCK MONITORING SYSTE~. DURING<br />
THE EARLY PHASES OF THE TEST THE SYSTEM ENCOUN·<br />
TERED COMMUNICATIONS INTERFERENCE WITH OTHER<br />
LOCAL USERS, RESULTING IN A DECISION TO CEASE TEST·<br />
ING. HOWEVER, THE FIELD TRIAL DID PROV~ THE FEASIBIL·<br />
ITY OF A WIDE·AREA MONITORING SYSTEM CAPABLE OF<br />
BEING SHARED BY MULTIPLE USERS WITHOUT COMPRO·<br />
MISE OF INDIVIDUAL DATA INTEGRITY. DESIGN MODIFICA·<br />
TIONS TO ELIMINATE THE INTERFERENCE PROBLEM ARE<br />
IDENTIFIED. FURTHER TESTING IS URGED. AN APPENDIX<br />
CONTAINS DOCUMENTATION AND A LIST OF HARDWARE<br />
PRODUCED FOR THE PROJECT.<br />
SponIOring Agency: US DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE LEAA NA·<br />
TIONAL INSTITUTE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT "',NO CRIMINAL<br />
JUSTICE, 633 INDIANA AVENUE NW, WASH!NGTON, DC 20531.<br />
Av.lIab<strong>II</strong>Ity: NCJRS MICROFICHE PROGRAM.<br />
CATALOG OF RCIJRITY EQUIPMENT. By J. V. FECHTER<br />
I. _net E. M. ROBERTSON. US DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE<br />
NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS LAW ENFORCEMENT<br />
STANDARDS LASORA'CORY, WASHINGTON DC 20234. 53 p.<br />
1978 NCJ·5U74<br />
THE' SECURITY EQUIPMENT CATALOG PUBLlSH~D BY THE<br />
LAW ENFORCEMENT STANDARDS LABORATORY FOR NILECJ<br />
ACQUAINTS THE GENERAL PUBLIC WITH THE TYPES OF<br />
EQUIPMENT THAT' ARE AVi LABLE TO PROTECT RESI·<br />
DENCES AND BUSINESSES. THE CATALOG IS CONCERNED<br />
PRIMARILV WITH SECURITY EQUIPMENT FOR PREVENTING<br />
CRIMES OF OPPORTUNITY: I.E .. TARGET HARDENING, THE<br />
EQUIPMENT IS CLASSIFIED INTO.,;OUR FUNCTIONA~ AREAS:<br />
PHYSICAL SECURITY, ACCESS CONTROL, ALARM S ISTEMS,<br />
AND BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY EQUIPMENT. WITHIN EACH<br />
AREA ITEMS ARE IDENTIFIED AND DESCRIBED IN TERMS OF<br />
THEIR COST RANGE, USUAL APPLICATIONS, AND CON·<br />
STRUCTION. DISTRIBUTORS OF THE ITEMS ARE LISTED AL·<br />
PHABETICALLY BY PRODUCT AT THE END OF EACH SEC·<br />
TION. ADDRESSES AND TELEPHONE NUMBERS OF DISTRIBU·<br />
TORS ARE PROVIDED AT THE END OF THE CATALOG. EXAM·<br />
PLES OF EQUIPMENT IN EACH OF THE FOUR FUNCTIONAL<br />
AREAS FOLLOW: (1) PHYSICAL SECURITY··SWINGING ,DOOR<br />
LOCKS SUCH AS BARRICADE BOLTS OR STRAIGHT BOLTS<br />
AND DEAD BOLT LOCKS, SLIDING GLASS DOOR AND<br />
WINDOW LOCKS INCLUDING BAR AND CHANNEL LOCKS, AND<br />
GLASS PROTECTION ITEMS SUCH AS IMPACT·RESISTANT<br />
GLAZING AND SCREENS: (2) ACCESS CONTROL··CARD<br />
READER LOCKING MECHANISMS, GUARD BOOTHS, AND IN·<br />
TERCOMS: (3) ALARM SYSTEMS •• PHOTO~LECTRIC CON·<br />
TROLS AND DETECTORS FOR SENSORY POINT AND AREA<br />
PROTECTION INFRARED MOTION DETECTORS FOR VOLUME<br />
PROTECTION: AND BELLS, BUZZERS, HORNS, AND SIRENSj<br />
,AND (4) BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY EQUIPMENT··CARGO<br />
SEALS AND THEFT-TRACKING SYSTEMS, CHECK·WRITER<br />
AND CIJMMY CAMERA~, AND OPTICAL SURVEILLANCE SYS·<br />
2<br />
3<br />
<strong>II</strong><br />
,<br />
'"""<br />
• '" I,<br />
."<br />
<<br />
/<br />
I
f', t I'<br />
,<br />
,'f,~~f<br />
), ..<br />
CIVIL<br />
PUBLICATIONS<br />
,<br />
TEMS. A Sua/ECT INDEX AND A USERS' GUIDE TO THE<br />
CATALOG ARE INCLUDED.<br />
luppllmen"'" HolM: LIMITED NUMBER OF COPIES AVAILA.<br />
.BLE FROM NBS.<br />
~ ~US DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE lEM NA.<br />
TIONAl INSTITUTE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AND C'RIMINAl<br />
JUSTICE, 633 INDIANA AVENUE NW, WASHINGTON,DC 20531.<br />
Avt'Sblltr: GPO Stock Order NOI. 003.()(l3'()197().4: SP<br />
480-35: US DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NATIONAL<br />
BUREAU OF STANDARDS LAW ENFORCEMENT STANDARDS<br />
LABORATORY, WASHINGTON DC 20234.<br />
10. CIVIL "RVICE SYSTEMS-THEIR IMPACT ON POLICE AD<br />
MINISTRATION. By O. W. ORE<strong>II</strong>INGER, J ... SLOVAk, lind<br />
J. J. MOLKUP. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION SERVICE, 1n6<br />
. MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE. NW, WASIiINGTON DC 20036.<br />
238 p. 1979. NCJ.51H4<br />
PosiTIVE AND NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF CIVil SERVICE REGU.<br />
LATIONS ON URBAN POLICE SYSTEMS IS THE FOCUS OF<br />
THIS RESEARCH PROJECT CONDUCTED r"OVER APPROXI.<br />
MATElY A 2·YEAR PERIOD BF.GINNING IN NOVEMBER 1976.<br />
DATA FROM THE STUDY WERE COLLECTED FROM 42<br />
RANDOMlY·SELEcteD AMERICAN CITIES, RANGING IN SIZE<br />
FROM 50.000 TO 750,000 PERSONS. IN EACH STUDY SITE,<br />
CURRENT CIVil SERVICE LAWS AND PoLICE UNION CON.<br />
TRACTS WERE COLLECTED, INTERVIEWS WERE CONDUCTED<br />
WITH THE MOST KNOWLEDGEABLE MUNICIPAL OFFICIALS<br />
AND ORGANIZATION REPRESENTATIVES, AND POLICE DE.<br />
PARTMENTS PROVIDED INFORMATION ON PROGRAMS AND<br />
POLICIES 'N A POLICE DEPARTMENTAL QUESTIONNAIRE.<br />
SUPPLEMEllTAl DATA WERE PROVIDED BY THE POLICE<br />
FOUNDATION, THE NATIONAL PLANNING ASSOCIATION, AND<br />
THE FBI. THE ABSENCE OF AN OVERAll CIVil SERVICE<br />
SYSTEM WHICH GOVERNS POLICE PERSONNEL AFFAI~S IN<br />
AMERICA IS NOTED. CIVIl. SERVICE COMMISSIONS DIFFER<br />
FROM CITY TO CIT~ IN THE ROLES THEY PLAY IN POLICE<br />
PERSONNEL ADMINISTRATION AND, AS A RESULT, IN THE<br />
IMPACTS THEY HAVE ON lOCAL OFFICIALS, ON POLICE DE.<br />
PARTMENTAl PROGRAMS AND PRACTICES. AND ON THE<br />
GENERAL QUALITY OF LOCAL LAW ENFORCEMENT."WHllE<br />
SOME COMMISSIONS POSE SIGNIFICANT CONSTRAINTS ON<br />
THE ABILITIES OF LOCAL OFFICIALS TO PROMOTE INNOVA.<br />
TIVE POLICE PROGRAMS, OTHERS WORK TO-fRDMOTE DE.<br />
PART.MENTAl INNOVATION .AND MORE EFFICIEN'f':C."!!~Al<br />
APPREHENSION PROCEDURES. THE ,STUDY EXAMINES'\~<br />
NUMBER OF ISSUES, AMONG THEM lHE STATUTORY SUP,I<br />
PORTS FOR lOCAL CIVil SERVICE COMMISSIONS AND TH~<br />
IMPACT OF COMMUNITY POLITICS AND POLICE UNIONISM ON<br />
lOCAL POLICE PERSONNEL ADMINISTRATION. PROPOSALS<br />
FOR CIVil SERVICE REFORMS IN THE URBAN POLICE CoN.<br />
TEXT SHOULD BE TAilORED TO LOCAL CIRCUMSTANCES<br />
AND TO MEANINGFUL VARIATIONI;; IN CIVil SERVICE ROLES.<br />
NUMEROUS CHARTS. FOOTNOTES, A BIBLIOGRAPHY, AND<br />
DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE THE TEXT. APPENDIXES INCLUDE<br />
CONTENT ANALYSIS CHECKl.ISTS FOR POLICE BARGAINING<br />
CONTRACTS AND PERSONNEL SYSTEMS, A POuce QUES.<br />
TIONNAIRE, AN INTERVIEW SCHEDULE, AND A lEm:R TO<br />
URBAN EXECUTIVES.<br />
~ Agency: US DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE LEM NA.<br />
TIONAl INSTITUTE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL<br />
JUSTICE, 633 INDIANA AVENUE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20531.<br />
Avllleblllty: GPO Slock Order No. 027.()()().()()857.7: NOJRS<br />
MICROFICHE PROGRAM.<br />
11. COLI.OOUIUM ON THE CORRELATES ell: CRIME AND ,\...<br />
DETERMINANTS OF CRIMINAL IEHAVIOfI-MOcEEDfNG.';:<br />
L omN, Ed. MITRE CORPORATION, POBOX 208, BE[); .<br />
FORO MA 01730. 191 p. 1978. NCJ.U414<br />
THIS ANTHOLOGY OF PAPERS BY CRIMINAL JUSTICE EX.<br />
PERTS, SOCIOLOGISTS, AND PSYCHoLOGISTS CONCERNING<br />
CAIMINAl BEHAVIOR DETERMINANTS CONSIDERS PSYCHO.<br />
PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS, DRUG AND ALCOHol USE, AND<br />
BIOSOCIAl INFLUENCES. THE FIRST GROUP OF PAPERS DISeUSSES<br />
STUDIES WHICH INDICAl'E AN APPARENT SMALL<br />
GENETIC CONTRIBUTION TO THE ETIOLOGY OF CRIMINAL<br />
BEHAVIOR AND A DIFFERENCE BETWEEN NERVOUS SYS<br />
TEMS IN CRIMINALS AND NONCRIMINALS THAT COULD HELP<br />
PREDICT DEVIANT BEHAVIOR, THE NE!:D FOR STRINGENTLY<br />
DEFINING THE PERSONALITY TYPE 'PSYCHOPATH' FOR DE.<br />
SCRIBING PERSONS WHO HAVE COMMON BIOLOGICAL<br />
TRAITS SUCH A..'] A SLOWER<br />
SKIN.CQt4DUCTANCE.RESPONSE RECOVERY, AND A GENER.<br />
Al MODEL OF AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR CONSISTING OF SPE.<br />
CIAl NEURAL MECHANISMS WHICH CAN RESULT IN AGGRES.<br />
SIVE BEHAVIOR WHEN FIRED IN THE PRESENCe OF A RELe.<br />
VANT TARGET. A TWo.DIMENSIONAl CLASSIFICATION OF<br />
CRIMINALS IS ALSO PRF.SENTED: IT IS BASED ON A DYSCON.<br />
TROl SCALE AND ELECTROCARDIOGRAM ABNORMALITIES<br />
PRODUCING EPILEPTOIDS, HYSTEROIDS, INADEQUATE PSY.<br />
CHOPATHS, AND PURE PSYCHOPATHS. PAPERS ON DRUG<br />
ANn ALCOHOL CONSIDER THE PROCESS OF DRUG USE AND<br />
CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR AS <strong>II</strong> MEANS OF SELF.EXPRESSION,<br />
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DRUG AND ALCOHOL USE<br />
AND DELINQUENT BEHAVIOR AS THESE FACTORS RELATE<br />
TO LOW EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT, AND DEVIANT BEHAV.<br />
lOR AMONG VETERANS AND ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION. THE<br />
FINAL SECTION FOCUSES ON BIOSOCIAl DETERMINANTS. A<br />
DISCUSSION ON THE PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BEHAVIORAL EF.<br />
FECTS OF PRISON ENVIRONMENTS CONSIDERS PHYSIO.<br />
LOGICAL AND BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS OF THE PRISON ENVI.<br />
RONMENT AND CROWDING ON BLOOD PRESSURE OF ANI.<br />
MALS AND HUMANS. RESEARCH ON CONFLICT-MOTIVATED<br />
CRIME IN FAMILIES IS REVIEWED, AND THE EFFECTS OF<br />
SENSORY DEPRIVATION ON ANIMAL AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR<br />
ARE OUTLINED TO SUPPORT A THEORY OF<br />
ISOLATION.AGGRESSION. TABULAR DATA AND TOPIC DIS<br />
CUSSION ARE PROVIDED.<br />
8p0ns0r' .... AgImcy: US DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE lEAA NA.<br />
TIONAl INS'rITUTE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL<br />
JUSTICE, 633 INDIANA AVENUE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20531.<br />
Aveltsblllty: MITRE CORPORATION WASHINGTON OPER.<br />
ATIONS. 1820 DOLLEY MADISON BOULEVARD, MCLEAN VA<br />
22101 Stock Order No. M78-81: NCJRS MICROFICHE PRO.<br />
GRAM.<br />
12. COMMERCIAL SECURITY TESTD£<strong>II</strong>ON. US DEPARTMENT<br />
OF JUSTICE LEM NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF LAW ENFORCE.<br />
MENT AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE, 633 INDIANA AVENUE NW,<br />
WASHINGTON, DC 20531. 37 p. 1979. NCJ.H015<br />
A DESCRIPTION OF THE COMMERCIAL SECURITY PROGRAM<br />
SPONSORED BY THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF LAW EN.<br />
FORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE (NllECJ) IS PRESENT.<br />
ED. THE BASIS FOR THE FIELD TEST IS A TEST DESIGN, A<br />
DOCUMENT WITH DETAilED SPECIFICATION OF SELECTED<br />
PROGRAM ELEMENTS. THE GOAL OF EACH FIELD TEST IS<br />
TO DETERMINE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A PARTICULAR<br />
PROGRAM STRATEGY]! IN VARIOUS SETTINGS AND TO<br />
ASSESS ITS TRANSFERABILITY TO OTHER JURISDICTIONS.<br />
THE COMMERCIAL SECURITY PROGRAM IS DESIGNED TO<br />
REDUCE 'THE VULNERABiliTY OF SMALL COMMERCIAL ES.<br />
TABLISHMENTS TO BURGLARY, ROBBERY, AND LARCENY<br />
THROUGH<br />
THE COOPERATION OF BUSiNESSMEN AND<br />
POLICE IN THE CONDUCT OF CRIME PREVENTION SURVEYS<br />
AND SUBSEQUENT IMPLEMENTATION OF SURVEY RECOM.<br />
MENDATIONS. THE PROGRAM WILL BE TESTED IN THREE<br />
CITIES HAVING POPULATIONS OVER 250,000 AND EVALU',T.<br />
EO BY NILECJ. BOTH THE PROCESS OF IMPLEMENT~TION<br />
AND ITS OUTCOMES WILL BE EVALUATED. THE FIELD TEST<br />
HAS TWO OBJECTIVES: (i) TO ASSESS THE IMPACT OF THIS<br />
CRIME PREVENTION Pf'lOGRAM ON COMMERCIAL CRIME<br />
AND ITS ASSOCIATED EFFECTS, AND (2) .,.0 DETERMINE IF<br />
THE PROGRA~1 MERITS WIDESPREAD REPLICATION IN<br />
OTHEA JUR'S~:'P'TONS. THE REPORT DISCUSSES THE COST<br />
OF THE NIJ<br />
OF COMMERCIAL C~'~E AND EXAMINES THE TYPES OF<br />
CRIME THAT ARE coMMITTED AGAINST COMMERCIAL ES<br />
TABLISHMENTS CRIME PRI:VENTION STRATEGIES ARE COM.<br />
PARED. THE PURPOSES A~4Q OBJECTIVES OF THE CRIME<br />
COMMERCIAL SECURITY TEST'AflE THEN OUTLINED, AND ITS<br />
PROGRAMMATIC PARTS ARE E)(~~INED. THESE PROGRAM<br />
COMPONENTS ARE COMMUNITY IfSV.t:?lVEMENT STRUCTURE<br />
AND BUSINESS AND POLICE COOPERATION. SUBCOMPON.<br />
ENTS OF THE PROGRAM INCLUDE ADMlNI~JRATION BY A<br />
CITYWIDE AGENCY AND CRIME PREVENTION, ,~U,~VEYS.<br />
SURVEY INSTRUMENTS, TARGET AREA SATURATfCNhl'~D '" ,...<br />
SURVEY COMPLIANCE ARE EXAMINED IN THIS REGA D.<br />
PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION IS DISCUSSED AS IS TESTING<br />
OF THE PROGRAM WHICH Will INVOLVE A COMPARISON OF<br />
CRIME RATES AND OTHER MEASURES OVER TIME IN COM·<br />
MERCIAl AREAS WHICH HAVE BEEN THNEa~~Sw~c~U~~~~<br />
SATURATION EFFORTS WITH THOSE I "<br />
NOT IT IS STATED THAT THE EVALUATION OF THE COMME~.<br />
CIAL SECURITY FIELD TEST PROGRAM IS THE ,RESPONSIBll •<br />
TY OF NllECJ AND WILL BE CONDUCTED UNDER A GRANT<br />
OR COOPERATIVE AGRIEEMENT. TABULAR DATA, AN APPEN·<br />
DIX AND A SElECTEtD BIBLIOGRAPHY ARE INCLUDED.<br />
=B:: ~sog~~~~~MENT OF JUSTICE lEM ~ti.<br />
1~~~~ci'E~:~IJ~JI~~~ A~~U~~r~~~r:G:~Z, ~1~531.<br />
Avlllllblllty: NCJAS MICROFICHEj~ROGRAM.<br />
13. COMMUNIC::E~ ~~M~~I8:' NA~~A~B~eru t':;<br />
~~AZg~~~S LAW ENFORCE~NT STANDARDS LABORA·<br />
TORY, WASHINGTON DC 20234. 38 p. ~55S35<br />
THIS 'LAW ENFORCEMENT EQUIPMENT GUIDE DeVElOPE~<br />
LAW ENFORCEMENT STANDARDS LABORATORY I<br />
~~ST~~ED TO INFORM AND AID AGENC'ES IN SELECTING<br />
COMMUNICATIONS SUBSYSTEMS. MAJOR INNOVATIONS IN<br />
SYSTEMS ARE AFFECTING LAW ENFORCEMENT CONTROL,<br />
COMMAND AND COMMUNICATION, OPERATIONS AND COM·<br />
PUTER AND DIGITAL EQUIPMENT ARE BECOMN~Gp:~~~~~<br />
FOR INCREASED COMMUNITY SERVICE A<br />
SAFETY THIS MANUAL DESCRIBES THE ADVANTAGES AND<br />
DISADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER·AIDED DISPATCH CENTERS,<br />
COMPUTER.CQNTROLlED COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS AND<br />
INFORMATION FilES, PUBLlc.c~1 liNG AND EMERGENCY<br />
MEDIOAl SERVICC SYSTEMS, DIGI: l SYSTEMS, AUTOMATIC<br />
VEHICULAR lOCATION SYSTEMS, VOICE PRIVACY SYSTEMS,<br />
REPEATER AND VOTING RECEIVER SYST~S, SCA~N~~~:::;<br />
CEIVER SYSTEMS, AND PUBLIC TRANSP'OR~~~WER COM.<br />
CHANNELS THE PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS<br />
MUNICATIONS SUBSYSTEMS ,ARE IDENTIFIED. AND DE·<br />
SCRIBED. THESE INCLUDE TRANSCEIVERS, ANTENNAS AND<br />
BINERS CONTROL CONSGlES, POWER SOURCES,<br />
~NDARD AND TELEPHONE INTERFACES, LlGH~~: p~~.<br />
~~~~'~~T~E~;l E~DM~~~A~~~~~~V~R~ REQUIRED<br />
TI: EFFECTIVELY AtlY OF THESE COMMUNICATION<br />
~eB~~~~MS AND NEW PUBLIC BUilDINGS AND FACiliTIES<br />
SHOULD 'SE' PLANNED WITH ADEQUATE CONDUITS TO<br />
ALLOW FUTURE DEPLOYMENT OF COMMUN~~AT~0:6~T~V;T<br />
TEMS. COST ~~~~EE~:~~::N~I~P~~'ST OF BUYERS'<br />
~~Iri:~N ';~LUDED fOR GENERAL ELECTRONIC PROD •.<br />
UCTS AND TELECOMMU<strong>II</strong><strong>II</strong>CATIONS SYSTEMS.<br />
NA<br />
... Agency' US DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE lEM •<br />
E1t!~ll~J,~~~A~~U~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~I~~:t<br />
'<br />
US DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NATIONA<br />
~~=F STANDARDS LAW ENFORCEMENT STA:AR~S<br />
NBS-SP·480·12:<br />
LABORATORY, WAGSPOHINGST\OOCNk og:r:r'2~o<br />
•<br />
NCJRS MICROFICHE PROGRAM.<br />
S~~~~~2~'2.g:<br />
COMMUNITY<br />
14. COMMuNITY ~ARifiTRAT:Nc :":t::;::N~~':.':.~'::<br />
=''r'~:iJf.',~c, 61 WHEELER $TREeT, C=:~<br />
MA 02138. 93 p. 1979. . , N ANNE<br />
THE COMMUNiTY ARBITRATION PROJECT, (CAP) I<br />
ARUNDEL COUNTY, MO., A VOLUNTARY DIVERSION PRO·<br />
GRAM FOR JUVENilES, IS DESCRIBED, WITH EMPHASIS O~<br />
~,~M~~~~~1~l~:" ~;T~AC::;:~~~~~ T~5 ~~~C~<br />
THE 'BURDEN ON THE COURTS CREATED BY UNMAN~GEA·<br />
BLE CASElOADS AND TO ASSIGN JUVENILES TO TAS;<br />
THAT PROVIDE MEANINGFUL SERVICES. ESSENTIAL E •<br />
MENTS OF THE CAp INCLUDE PROMPT CASE PROCESSING<br />
ITHIN 7 WORKING DAYS), 11 smlNG SUGGESTIVE OF A<br />
~URTROOM FCRTHE ARBITRATION HEARING, INVOL.VE·<br />
MENi OF VICTIMS IN THE HEARING, ASSURANCE OF DUE<br />
PROCESS use OF COMMUNITY RESOURCES TO PROVIDE A<br />
POSiTIVE WORK EXPERIENCE, AND CONSTRUCTIVE DISPOSI·<br />
TION (I.E., RESTITUTION, COUNSELING, AND SPECIAL EDUCA·<br />
TION PROGRAMS). OF THE 1,137 YOUTHS WHQ WERE AS<br />
SIGNED THROUGH CAP TO COMMUNITY SERVICE OR AN·<br />
OTHER ALTERNATIVE IN THE PROJECT'S FIRST 2 YEARS OF<br />
OPERATION 85 PERCENT SUC;CESSFUllY COMPLETED<br />
THEIR AssiGNMENTS WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED 9O-CAY<br />
PERIOD OF MOST IMPORTANCE, CAP CLIENTS DEMON·<br />
STRATED SIGNIFICANilY lOWER RATES OF REPEA~~<br />
f'ENSES THAN COMPARABLE YOUTH WHO WERE<br />
ESSED TRADITIONALLY, ACCORDIN,~ TO A COMPARISON<br />
STUDY OF THESE TWO GROUPS COUNTY YOUTHS PRQC.<br />
ESSED' BV CAP IN 1975 HAD A 4.6 PERCENT LOWER RECIDI·<br />
VISM RATE AND 37 PERCENT FEWER REARRESTS PER<br />
CLIENT WITHIN 1 YEAR AFTERINTAKE/ARBITRATION. MORE·<br />
. . ONLY 8 PERCENT OF ARBITRATED;CASES WE~E<br />
~~~~ED OVER FOR PROSECUTION, FREEING THE STATE S<br />
ORNEV'S OFFICE FRoM CONCENTRATING ON MINOA JU·<br />
C~ILE OFFENSES AS WELL AS SAVING THE POLICE MUCH<br />
TIME AND PAPERWORK INVOLVED IN CHARGING AN OF·<br />
FENDER AND TESTIFYING IN COURT. COSTS OF CAP :~<br />
SOLELY FOR SALARIES: 90 PERCENT OF<br />
ALMO~~UDGET IN 3 YEARS OF FeDERAL FUNDING WAS FOR<br />
~~~~'3AL~RIES OF 7 STAFF MEMBERS. AN ANNE ARUNDEL<br />
COUNTY JUVENilE CITATION FORM AND NOTICE AND<br />
ADVICE OF RIGHTS (FOR ARBITRATION HEARINGS) ARE AP·<br />
. PENDED. FOOTNOTES, FLOW CHARTS. PHOTOGRAPHS, AND<br />
TABULAR DATA ARE PR.OVIDED.<br />
.................. NotMl AN EXEMPLARY PROJECT.<br />
...,....... ....... ")S DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE OFFICE<br />
~MM~TeSTING AND DISSEMINATION, 633 INDI·<br />
ANA AVENUE, WASHINGTON DC 20531.<br />
•<br />
AvAlleblllty: GPO Stock Order No. 027-()()()~5·3, NCJfl;S<br />
MICROFICHE PROGRAM.<br />
I:::<br />
. CONCERN POUCE USE OF DEADLV FORCE.<br />
15. CO:-:::ER and M. KRAVIlZ, Eda. NATIONAL CRIMINA!.<br />
~USiICE REFERENCE SERVICE, BOX 6000, ROCK~i7:~<br />
20850 111 p. 1979.<br />
PAPERS GIVEN AT THE NATIONAL ORGANIZATION OF BLACK<br />
LAW ENFORCEMENT EXECUTIVES (NOBLE) WORKSHOP ON<br />
POLICE USE OF DEADLY FORCE AflE PRESENTED, AS WElLl<br />
AS STATEMENTS BY JUSTICE DEPARTMENT OFFICIALS AND<br />
RATURE REVIeW. THE WORKSHOP, SPONSORED BY<br />
~H~IT~MUNITY RELATIONS SERVICE OF THE DEPART.<br />
MENT OF JUSTICE,BEGINS WITH A DESCRIPTION OF NOBLE<br />
AND WITH PRESENTA1:IONS OF 11 RESOLUTIONS CONCERN·<br />
ING THE RESTRICTIO(;( A~" CON. TROl OF POLICE AG;~CY<br />
POLICY ON THE USE di: o£'ADLY FORCE. THE PAP~F!S, ..,OM<br />
. THE NOBLE CONFEA~NC,ti' DISCIJSSeD .THE ISSUE FROM<br />
SEVERAl PERSPECTiveS. THE NATIONAL DIRECTOR OF THE<br />
N TIONA"r. CONFERENCE OF BLACK LAWYERS MAINTAINS<br />
T~AT POLICE LAWLESSNESS IS WIDESPREAD AND FALLS<br />
PARTICULARLY ON BLACK CITIZENS {THIS INCLUDES BEAT·<br />
, ,<br />
.\<br />
5<br />
;<br />
fl.<br />
'. "<br />
I
1-<br />
,<br />
D'UBLICATIONS<br />
OFTHENIJ<br />
CORRUPTION<br />
INGS. ILLEGAL SEARCHES. HARASSMENT. AND MURDER ON<br />
. THE. STREET); HE PROPOSESSTP.ATEGIES FOR INVOLVING<br />
CITIZENS IN POLICE DISCIPLINARY AND REVIEW BOARD<br />
MECHANISMS, A CLERGYMA~<br />
DISCUSSES HOW FEAR OF<br />
~IME IN THE WHITE .COMMUNITY IN THE U.S. CREATES<br />
WHITE SUPpPRT FOR MINIMAL REGULATION OF POLICE USE<br />
OF DEADJ.Y FORCE AND INcREASES THE EXISTING STRAINS<br />
IN BLACK·WHITE REtATiONS. A POLICE CHIEF FROM WASH.<br />
INGTON STATE LINKS POlice POLICY ON DEADI.Y FORCE TO<br />
OLD ENGLISH CQMMON LAW. RECOMMENDS REVISION OF<br />
SUCH POLICIES. '!NO CALLS FOR A CHANGE IN POLICE AU.<br />
THORITARIAN ATirITUDES. BEGINNIN:3 WITH TOP MANAGE.<br />
MENT. TWO ADDITIONAL PAPERS ADDRESS THE NEED FOR<br />
~"'~' UNAMBIGUOUS POLICE POLICY WHICH SETS SPECIF.<br />
IC MINIMUM LIMITS ON THE USE OF DEADLY FORCE A FINA'<br />
PAPER REVIEWS STUDI/SS CONDUCTeD IN THE 1970'S WHICH<br />
REFUTE THE BELIEF THAT LAW ENFORCEMENT .IS AN EX.<br />
TREMELYPERILOUS OCCUPATION AND SHoW THAT BLACKS<br />
.. ARE MORE LIKELY THAN WHITES TO BE KILLED BY POLICE<br />
THE CONCERNS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE ARE<br />
HIGHLIGHTED IN STATEMENTS BY THE ASSISTANT ATTOR.<br />
NEY GEN.ERAL AND TWO OTHER OFFICIALS \y'HO DISCUSS<br />
DEADLY fQRCE AND CITE RESEARCH PRIORITI.rdS. THE FINAL<br />
SECTION ISA LITERATURE REVIEW BY POLICE FOUNDATION<br />
STAFF THAT SUMMARIZES 15 MAJOR RESEARCH STUDIES<br />
THE STUDIES C~UR THAT BLACKS AND HISPANICS ARE<br />
FATAL VICTI~~ OJ, POLICE SHqOTINGS IN EXCESS OF THEIR<br />
PROPORTION OF l'HE P.~LATION. THE STUDIES FOUND<br />
T/:IAT LEGAL ACTION IS USUALLV NOT TAKEN AGAINST<br />
POLICE IN SHOOTlt4G INCIDENTS AND RESTRICTIVE POll.<br />
CIES ACCOMPANIED BY SmONG ENFORCEMENT ARE EF.<br />
FECTlVE IN REDUClNG THE NUMBER OF POLlCt; SHOOTINGS<br />
REFERENCES' AND AN .ANNOTATED BIEILIOGRAPHV ON<br />
POLICE USE OF DEADLY FORCE ARE PROVIDED. .<br />
~1ICHtng ~ US DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE LEM NA.<br />
J~.'=~~NC:=A~~U~%v~=~:6W ~'~~~L<br />
AV'<strong>II</strong><strong>II</strong>ItI.tr- G~~. Slock Order No. 027 -000.00e07.'. •<br />
1 •• fO~~:~~u:-. :ll' WHITCO<strong>II</strong><strong>II</strong>.<br />
INC. 65 WHEELER STREET. CAMBRIDGE MA 0'fSOO138 IA7TE9 S.<br />
1979. . . NCHoJ'<br />
THE CONNECTICUT ECONOMIC CRIME UNIT (ECU,. ONE c::<br />
TWO OON8U,MER FRAUD-ORIEN'rED PROJECTS GRANTED<br />
exeMPLARV STATUS BY LEM. IS Df;SCRIBED IN DETAIL. THE<br />
~NVCU CONSISTS OF THREE PROSECUTING ATTORNEYS. FIVE<br />
ESTIGATORS. AND SUPPORT STAFF WHO WORk OUT OF<br />
rHE CHIEF STATE'S ATTORNEY'S OFFIce. THE UN!T'S OB.<br />
. JECTIVES Af,'E TO INVESTIGATE AND PROSECUTE CONSUM.<br />
ER FRAUD CASEs AND TO PROMOTE AWARENESS OF ECO.<br />
NOMIC CRIME AMONG THE PUBLIC AND AMONG LAW EN<br />
FORCEMENT AND REGULATORY AGENCY PERSONNEL THE<br />
UNIT'S PREVENTION COMPONENTS INCLUDE AN INTER.<br />
AGENCY ECONOMIC. CRIME COUNCIL. NEWSPAPER ADVER.<br />
TlSING r.tONITORING. CONSUMER ALERTS AND LECTURE<br />
SERVICES. DURING ITS FIRST 3 YEARS OF oPeRATION THE<br />
ECU RECEIVED 32.316 INQUIRIES AND CONDUCTED 78e IN<br />
VESTIGATIONS. ARRESTS WERE MADE IN EVERY COUNTY IN<br />
THE STATE. THE 117 INDKm.tENTS BROUGHT DURING THE<br />
3'YEAR PERIOD RESULTED IN 84 GUILTY PLEAS AND ONLY:2<br />
ACQUITTALS. THE ECU'S TOTAL OPERATING COST WAS<br />
1474,n8. THE UNIT RETURNED 1723.810 IN RESTITUTION TO<br />
VICTIMS OF ECONOMIC CRIMES AND 120.832 TO THE STATE<br />
IN FINES. THE REPORT PROVIDES A DETA<strong>II</strong>.£O DEsr"RIP'fION<br />
OF THE ECl,I'S DEVELOPMENT AND ORGANIZATION (iNcLUD.<br />
ING PROBLEMS AND PRIORITIES,. OPERATIONS (CASE RE.<br />
FERRAI."SCREENING. INVESTIGATION. DATA MANAGEMENT)<br />
PREVENTION STRAtEGIES. PUBLIC RELATIONS AND TRAIN:<br />
<strong>II</strong>«i PRoGRAMS. RESULTS, AND OPERATING COSTS<br />
THROUGHOUT THE.REPORT.ISSUES TO BE CONSIDERED BY<br />
8<br />
THOSE PLANNING SIMILAR PROJECTS ArtE HIGHLIGHTED<br />
APPENDED MATERIALS INCLUDE SAMPLE COPIES OF ECU<br />
FORMS. AN OUTLINE OF CONSUMER FRAUD LAW ENFORCE.<br />
MENT STRATEGIES. SUGGESTED DATA ELEMENTS FOR MAN.<br />
AGEMENT AND EVALUATION INFORMATION.GATHERING<br />
AND A SAMPLE COSTING PLAN.<br />
•<br />
SUppIemonbi/ NoI..: AN EXEMPLARY PROJECT.<br />
~ Aeenc:r- US DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE LEM NA.<br />
TIONAL INSTITUTE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL<br />
JUSTICE. 833 INDIANA AVENUrf,NW. WASHINGTON. DC 20531.<br />
AY<strong>II</strong>f<strong>II</strong>b<strong>II</strong>Ity: GPO Slock Order No. 027-000-00830.5' NCJRS<br />
MICROFICHE PROGRAM. NCJRS.<br />
•<br />
17. COI.tIUMER FRAUD-AN EMPIRICAL PERlHCTlVE-SU<strong>II</strong><br />
MARY. Ir J. 0. ICHURRT. R. Eo KRUO lind A M ItO<strong>II</strong><br />
NATIONAL CONSUMER LAW CENTER 11 'BEAcoN STREET<br />
BOSTON MA 02108;, AMERICAN INSTITUTES FOR RE:<br />
~EARCH. 1055 THOMAS JEFFERSON STREET. NW. WASHING.<br />
ON DC 20007. 78 p.1970. HCJ.52171<br />
THE OBJECTIVES OF A CONSUMER FRAUD STUDY ,\RE SUM.<br />
MARIZED. ALONG WITH THE RESULTING GOVERNMENT IN.<br />
TERVENTION STRATEGIES AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR<br />
THEIR IMPLEMENTA'tlON. THE GENERAL PLAN FOR THE<br />
lEM·SPONSORED CONSUMER FRAUD .PROJECT CONSISTED<br />
OF THREE PHASES. THE PURPOSE OF tHE FIRST PHASE<br />
WAS TO DESCRIBE THE NATURE. SCOPE, AND CHARACTf.r..<br />
ISTICS OF CONSUMER FRAUD AND THE LAWS AND REGULA.<br />
TIONS INTENDED FOR ITS CONTROL. THE PURPOSE OF'i THE<br />
SECOND PHASE WAS TO EXPAND ON 'iHE FIRST BY COL.<br />
LE~.!'NG A LARGi:R AND MORE FOCUSED SET OF CONSUM.'<br />
ER1'RAUO EVENTS AND BY EXAMINING THE EFFECTIVENESS<br />
OF EXISTING CONTROL MECHANISMS IN ORDER TO DETER.<br />
MINE THE REQUIREMENTS OF NEW OR MODIFIED PREVEN.<br />
TION AND CONTROL SCHEMES.' THE PRODUCT OF THE<br />
THIRD PHASE WOULD THeN BE A sEr OF RECOMMENDED<br />
~PPR()ACHES OR STRATEGIES TO PROTECT CONSUMERS<br />
FROM FRAUD. IN THE COURSE OF THE FIRST TWO PHASES<br />
CASE HISTORIES OF CONsUMER FRAUD EVENTS WERE COL:<br />
.LECTED. AND I.;UANTITATIVE PROFILES OF VARIOUS PAT.<br />
TERNS OF CONSUMER FRAUD WERE DEVELOPED. WORKING<br />
FROM THESE DATA. SOME 18 APPROACHES TO COMBATING<br />
CONSUMER FRAUD WERE PRt;>POSEiJ AND ORGANIZED INTO<br />
THE FOLLOWING SIX GROUPS: (1) (! PAYMENt<br />
PLA~&NING-INVOLVING THE RESTRUCTURING OF PAYMENT·<br />
PROCEDURES TO ALLOW CONSUMEflS MORE fLEXIBILITY IN<br />
THE . FACE OF POSSIBLE FRAUD; (2,.:cPOSTAALE<br />
ALTERNATIVE8-OPTIONS GIVING CONSUMERS THE OProR.<br />
TUNITY TO EXERCISE AUTOMATIC CANCELLATION RIGHTS'<br />
:~ ~PLAINT MEOIATION··GOVERNMENT AID IN NEGOTIAT~<br />
CONSUMER SATISFACTION: (4, PRIVATE<br />
REMEDIES-OPTIONS ALLOWING CONSUMERS TO INITIATE<br />
AGAINST FRAUDULENT MERCHANTS WITH.<br />
P~ooeEDlNGS<br />
CUT INVOLVING A THIRD PARTY; (S, COVERAGE' FOR CON.<br />
SUMERLOSS-PRO"'DING RESTITUTION TO VICTIMS OF<br />
CONSUMER FRAUD BY REQVIRING BONDING, INSURANCE<br />
AND PREFERENTIAL TREAT~e~ FOR CONSUMERS DURING<br />
BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS' AND<br />
SIMPLIFICATION .. REQUlRINq A 'BALANCE J~ INF~~!i~:<br />
BETWEEN THE MERCHANT ANO THr: CONSUMER IN ALL<br />
TRANSACTIONS WHI=RE PRINT MEDIA ARE INVOLVED REO<br />
OMMENDATIONS FOR IMPLEMENTATION WERE THEN DeVEL:<br />
~:~g~;D A~~£ DISCUSSED WITH REGARD TO PRIORITY<br />
SUGGESTED ACTIONS BY THE PRIVATE<br />
SECTOR AND AT THE FEDERAL. STATE. LOC~L. AND LEM<br />
,> LEVELS. TABULAR DATA AND THREE APPENDIXES ARE AT·<br />
::;- ~jI TAcH ED. ""<br />
19oMOr',n; Agency: US DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE LAW EN·<br />
FORCEMENT ASSISTANCE ADMINISTRAT,ION CRIMINAL CON·<br />
SPIRAClES DIVISION. 833 INDIANA AVe(.JUE. NW. WASHING·<br />
TON. DC 20531.<br />
Ava<strong>II</strong>Ib<strong>II</strong>Ity: GPO Siock Order No. 027~24·1; AMERI·<br />
, CAN INSTITUTES FOR RESEARCH. 10E5 7'HoMAS JEFFERSON<br />
STREET. NW, WASHINGTON DC 20001 Slock Order No.<br />
AIR·58000-111711-: NCJRS M~OFICHE PROGRAM.<br />
1.. COIHtt!CTIONAL CUCATION PftOGftAill FOf<strong>II</strong>N<strong>II</strong>ATU NA·<br />
TIONAL IVAl.UATIc)N I'<strong>II</strong>aGIWI-PHAIE 1 1tIPOfn'.<br />
<strong>II</strong>. -u.. E. COHMD. T. WRY. J. G. .LUTZ, P. V. MILLER. C.<br />
lIMON, lind A. E.ITAkELOH. LEHIGH UNIVERSITY. 131 p.<br />
1979. .. . . NC ...... ,71<br />
,QUESTIoNNAIRES AND SITE VISITS WERE USED TO EVALU·<br />
ATE 183 CORRECTIONAL· EDUCATION PROGRAMS. THE<br />
SURVEY COVERED" FUNDING. ADMINISTRATION. RE·<br />
SOURCES. MATERIALS. PROGRAM DESIGN AND EVALUA·<br />
TION. AND RELATION TO WORK PROGRAMS. THE SURVEY.<br />
CONDUCTED IN 1977. COVERED A REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE<br />
OF STATE CORREcr,ONAL INSTITUTIONS WITH MORE' THAN<br />
100 INMATES IN 48 STATES (ALASKA AND HAWA<strong>II</strong> WERE EX·<br />
CLUDED). ON THE BASIS OF DATA COLLECTED. CONCLU·<br />
SIONS ARE PRESeNTED AND REcoMMENDATIONS ARE<br />
MADE 'FOR EACH AREA STUDIED. A SPECIAL STUDY ON ;t:HE<br />
EFFECT OF THE NATURE OF THE INSTITUTION ON'7'HE<br />
INMATE EDUCATION PROGRAM FOUND THAtlN SOME INSTI·<br />
tUTIONS THE cONFLICT BETWEEN CUSToDIAL AND TREAT·<br />
MENT FUNCTIONS IS SUFFICIENT TO NEGATIVELY INFLU·<br />
ENCE, THE WORK OF THE CORRECTIONS EDUCATOR. THE<br />
IMPORTANCe OF EDUCATION TO REHABILITATION MUST BE<br />
EMPHASIZED BY THE PRISON ADMINISTRATOR AND FULL<br />
cooPERATION SHOULD BE SECURED FROM ALL EMPLOY·<br />
EES. THERELATiON.,C)HIP HETWEEN WORK AND EDUCATION·<br />
AL PROGRAMS NEEDS TO BE ClARIFIED AND E)(ISTING CON·<br />
FLICTS RESOlVED. ON THE WHOLE. THE GENERAL STATE<br />
OF EDUCATION IN CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS HAS 1M·<br />
PROVED. A/,..AJOR PROBLEM IS LACK OF FUNDING. WHICH<br />
IS REFLECTED IN THE QI,lALlTY OF ADMINISTRATION. LACK<br />
OF RE~RCES. AND INABILITY TO OFFER MEANINGFUL<br />
PROGRAMS ON A CONTINUING BASIS. S,INCE FUNDING IS<br />
OFTEN FROM FEDERAL SOURCES OR VARIOUS 'SOFT'<br />
SOURCES. CONTINl,IlTY ,OF OPERATION IS A PROBLEM. THE<br />
PRESSURE OF CONSTANTLY REAPPLYING FOR GRANT<br />
MONEY DIVERTS TIME AND ;RESOURCES FROM THE MAIN<br />
PURPOSE OF THE INMATE EDUCATION PROGRAMS. A.<br />
SEI;t.'~S OF 20 PROB~EMS IS IDENTIFIED; RECOMMENDAr<br />
lIONS ARE OFFERED FOR EACH. IT IS CONCLUDED THAT<br />
THE AVERAGE PRiSONEn SPENDS 3 YEARS IN A CORREC<br />
TIONAL INSTITUTION AND THAT PROGRAMS SHOULD USE<br />
THESE" YEARS EFFECTIVELY TO GIVE. THE INMATE THE<br />
SKILLS NECESSARY FOR SURVIVAL IN SOCIETY. AT PA~S<br />
ENT. 40 PERCENT OF THE INMATES ATTEND SOME FORM OF<br />
EOUCATIONAL PROGRMt. AND THE SURVEYED INSTITU·<br />
TlCN$ SPEND 8.7 PERCENT OF THEIR BUDGET ON EDUCA·<br />
TION. EVALUATION OF PROGRAM RESULTS IS LIMITED. THIS<br />
AREA ~EEDS TO BE IMPROVED. SURVEV DATA ARE PRE·<br />
SENTED IN CHART. GRAf'I17 AND TABULAR FORM. THE CHAR·<br />
AOTERISTICSOF THE 183 INSTITUTIONS AND METHODOLO·<br />
GY ARE DETAILED. A BIBLIOGRAPHY AND ActfART SHOW·<br />
ING INMATE FLOW THROIJGH A GENERALIZEDEDUQATION<br />
PROGRAM ARE APPENDED. SURVEY QUESTIONS ARE NOT<br />
INCLUDED.<br />
"", ........ HolM: SERIES A.NUMBER 22.<br />
IptonHrtnIJ AfInOY: US DEPARTMENT of JUSTICE LEM NA·<br />
TioNAL INSTITUTE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL,<br />
JUstICE, 833 INDlAN~ AVENUE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20531.<br />
AYln • .,.: GPO StOck Order No. 02NIOO.()()7I1H; NCJRS<br />
MICROFICHE PROGRAM.'<br />
Ir<br />
7<br />
11. coRriUPTfON IN LAND UR AND IlUILDING REGULATION, V<br />
1 .". tNT!GllATiD REJIO<strong>II</strong>IT OFCONC/..U<strong>II</strong>OtW;, ~ J. A.<br />
GMDIHEft,T. R. LYMAN, lind S. A. WALDHORN. SRI INTER·<br />
NATIONAl, 333 RAVENSWOOD AVENUE. MENLO PARK CA<br />
9-4025. 120 p. 1979. NCJ.47143<br />
TO PROVIDE A DETAILED UNDERSTANDING OF LOCAL GOV·<br />
ERNMENT CORRUPTION IN LAND USE AND BUILDING REGU·<br />
LATIONS. A 2·YEAR STUDY WAS CONDUCTED WITH LITERA·<br />
TURE SEARCHES, ANALYZED CASES. AND STUDIES COMMIS<br />
SIONED BV EXPERTS IN THE FIELD. THIS VOLUME. THE<br />
FIRST IN A SIX·VOLUME SERIES. INTEGRATES THE FINDINGS<br />
AND CONCLUSIONS OF THE .c:~URVEY. IT PRESENTS A~<br />
OVERVIEW .OF THE PROBLEM. DEF!I'iES C')RRUPTION. AND.<br />
PROVIDES AN ESTIMATE'OF ITS EXTENT. IT CONCLUDES<br />
THAT THE PROBLEM IS WlOESPR·OO AND THAT THE PRES.<br />
ENCE OR ABSE~,OF cORRUPTION IS. IN PART. A REFLEC<br />
TION OF THE W~YS iN WHICH A COMMUNITY REsPONDS TO<br />
COARUPTIONAS IT OCCURS. A BASIC INTRODUCTION TO<br />
THE LAND USE AND BUILDING REGULATION SYSTEM IS PRE·<br />
~NTEI;). AND DESCRIPTIONS ARE ~PROVIDED OF TME MECH·<br />
ANISMS FeR PLANNING, ZONING. AND Et~FORCING BUILDING<br />
AND HOUSING CODES. AN ANALYSIS IS ATTEMPTED OF HOW<br />
AND WHY (X)RRUPTION OCCI,JRS. WITH ATTENTION TO THE<br />
OPPORTUNITIES .AND INCENTIVES FOR CORRUPTION. THESE<br />
INCENTIVES ARE EXAMINED FROM THE STANDPOINT OF<br />
BOTH THE ZONING OR LAND USE APPLICANT AND THE OFFI·<br />
CIAL IN CONTROL OF THE REGULATORY PROCESS. POSSI·<br />
BLE REMEDIES FOR CORRUPTIoN ARE ALSO PRESENTED.<br />
BASIC PRINCIPLES WHICH CAN HELP IDENTIFY POTENTIAL<br />
CORRUPTION PROBLEMS AND FORMULATE STRATEGY TO<br />
CONTROL THEM ARE OFFERED. THE ROLES OF REGULA.<br />
TOA"'~EFORM. IMPROVED MANAGEMEtfT SYSTEMS. LEGIS.<br />
LATION. AND CITIZEN INVOLVEMENT INFIGHTING CORRUP·<br />
TloN ARE ALSO EXAMINED. EACH CHAPTER CONTAINS AN<br />
EXTENSIVE LIST OF REFERENCES. TABULAR INFORMATION<br />
IS PRESENTED. INcLUDING CITIZENS' ESTIMATES OF THE<br />
EXTENT OF BRIBERY AND OTHER ILLEGAL ACTIVITIES<br />
(BASED ON DATA COLLEerED AS PART OF THE URBAt
i<br />
CRIME<br />
PUBLICATIONS.<br />
OF THE NIJ<br />
CRITICAL<br />
, (i<br />
.,<br />
'.<br />
, i<br />
;.<br />
•<br />
, ~j<br />
OFFICIALS ANQ CITIZI;NS IN EACH"COMMUNITY. THE AC.<br />
COUNTS ARE IllUSTRATIVE RATHER THAN DEFINITIVE. THE<br />
CITIES WEREo SELECTED BECAVSE THEY IllUSTRATED<br />
PROBLEMS AND OPPORTUNITIES, AND BECAUSE OF THE<br />
AVAILABILITY AND ACCESSIBILITY OF INFORMATION ON THE<br />
CORRUPTION·INTEGRITY ISSUE. CITIES WITH SIMILAR PROB.<br />
lEMSARE LIKELY TO BE FOUND THROUGHOUT THE UNITED<br />
STATES: EVERV ATIEMPT WAS MA;)E TO COVER THE SAME<br />
PERIOD OF TIME. 1976 TO 1977, FOR EACH COMMUNITY,<br />
AND TO UNDERS,'AND ;iHECONDITIONS AS THEY EXISTED<br />
DURING THI; PERIOD OF STUDY AND DURING THE YEARS 1M.<br />
MEDIATELY PRECEDING IT. THE FIRST CASE STUDIES DEAL<br />
WITH CORRUPTI()N':'IN INSPECTION PROGRAMS: IN NEW<br />
YORK CiTY, CORRUPTION INVOLVED HOUSING AND DEMOLI.<br />
TION INSPECTORS; IN CINCINNATI, OHIO, INSPECTORS RE.<br />
VIEWING FEDERALLY FINANCED REHABILITATION I>RO.<br />
GR~~S vtgl'iE TAKING PAYOfFS FROM CONTRACTORS; IN<br />
BRqwl\MI) COUNTY, FLA., THE CORRUPTION WAS AMONG<br />
INSPECTO~S SUPERVISING HOUSING DEVELOPMENTS; IN<br />
OKLAHOMA CITY. CORRUPTION IN THE LICENSING OF ELEC<br />
TRICAL INSPECTORS AND, THEIR SUBSEQUENT' DEALINGS<br />
WITH BUILDERS WAS UNCOVERED. THE 'NEXT FOUR CASES<br />
FOCUS ON LAND USE DECISIONS: THE AWARDING OF<br />
ZONING VARIANCES IN EAST PROVIDENCE, R.I., USE PER.<br />
MITS IN SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIF., AND ZONING APPLICA.<br />
TIONS IN SANTA' CLARA, CALIF., AND HOFFMAN ESTATES,<br />
,ILL CORRUPTION AND REFORM ARE STUDIED IN FAIRFAX<br />
COUNTY, VA. THE FINAL C?ASE STUDY, ARLlN~TON HEIGHTS,<br />
ILL, DIFFERS FROM THE OTHERS,9ECAUSE THE COMMUNI.<br />
TY DID NOT EXPERIENCE ANY OF THE CoRRUPTION THAT<br />
WAS COMMON IN NEIGHBORING TOWNS; THE FOCUS OF<br />
THE CASE STUpy IS ON WHY THIS PATrERNOFINTEGR'ITY<br />
DEVELOPED AS.lT DID. FOR RELATED INFORMATION; SEE<br />
NCJ-47s.43. ;<br />
8p0ne0rtng;Agency: US DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE LEAA NA.<br />
TIONAL INSTITUTE OF 'LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL<br />
JUSTICE, 633 INDIANA AVENUE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 205a1.<br />
AV8<strong>II</strong>ab<strong>II</strong>Ity: GPO Stock Order No. 027.()()Q.(J()833-O; ~CJRS<br />
MICROFICHE PRqGRAM. '"<br />
21. CRIME AND Dl8RIJf'1'ION IN SCHOOLS-A SELECTED lIB<br />
I.IOORAPHY. R. RUBEL, R. N. BRENNER, C: JONES, .nd M.<br />
KRAVITZ, EcIa. NATIONAL CRIMI,NAL ~USnCE REFERENCE<br />
SERVICE, BOX 6OOO,ROCKVILI,E MD 20850. 102 p. 1979,<br />
NCJ·58&11<br />
'C'<br />
OITING MATERIAls COMPilED FROM ACADEMIC, PROFES.<br />
SIONAL, AND GOVERNMENT SOURCES, THIS BIBLIOGRAPHY /<br />
WITH ABSTRACTS COVEnS LITERATURE AVAILABLE WITHIN<br />
THE ,NCJRS DATA BA~ ON THE PROBLEM OF<br />
SCHool·BASED CRIME AND DISRUPTION. PUBLISHED BE.<br />
"tWEEN 1969 AND 1978, THE ARTICLES, REPORTS, AND<br />
OTHER MATERIALS A8E ARRANGED ALPHABETICAllY BY<br />
AUTHOR OR TITLE UNDER FOUR TOPIC HEADINGS. THE<br />
FIRST SECTION PROVID.ESo~~ OVERVIEW OF THE 'NATURE<br />
AND EXTENT OF tHE' PROBLEM AND INCLUDES STUDIES<br />
AND CONGRESSIQN~L REP,oRTS DESCRI~ING THE COST OF<br />
SCHOOL CAlMES-PRIMARilY ARSON AND VANDAlISM •• BOTH<br />
'iN FISCAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL TERMS. THE NEXT SECTION<br />
FOCUSE~cPN, THE STUDENTS THeMSELVES, MISBEHAVIOR,<br />
AND THE ROLE QF TRADITIONAL DISCIPLINE. THE CAUSES<br />
ANDMANIFEljITATIONS OF STUDENT MISBEHAVIOR ARE EX.<br />
A~I~ED; AI.QNG WITH THE EFFECT OF CORpORAL PUNISH.<br />
MENT AND SUSPr;N~1ON AND THE ISSUE OF STUDENTS'<br />
F\IGHT~ •. DISCUSSIONS OF MULTIPLE SCHOol,BASED PRO<br />
GRMfS :FOLLo.W, ~PLlNGC!JRRICUlUM CHANGES,<br />
TEACHING METHOQS, STUDENT·BASED DISCIPLINE, ALTER.<br />
NATIVJ: SCHOOLS, PROGRAMS FOR HANDLING KNOWN OF.<br />
FI:,NDEF.tS;AN9 OTHER. STRATEGIES ~HOOlSHAVE DEVEl.<br />
, OPED TO REDiJcE CRIME AND DISRUPTION. THE REMAINING<br />
$ELECTION ~lS WITH THE' PHYSiCAL SeCURITY OF<br />
~L Bl,Il!-DIN~S; THE USE, 9f PO~ICE AND SECURITY<br />
o<br />
GUARDS ·IS DESCRIBED, TOGETHER WITH A VAf,lIETY OF<br />
ANTI·INTRUDER DEVICES AND SYSTEMS. APPENDED MATE.<br />
RIALS INCLUDE A LIST OF DOCUMENT SOURCI;:S, THE AD.<br />
DRESSES OF RESOURCE AGENCIES, AND AN EXECUTIVE<br />
SUMMARY OF A REPORT TO COf,jGRESS OF SCHOOL VIO.<br />
lENCE AND SAFETY. "<br />
SponlOllng Agency: US DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE LEAA NA.<br />
TIONAl INSTITUTE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL<br />
JUST/CE. 633 INDIANA AVENUE NW, WASHINGTON; DC 20531.<br />
Av .... b<strong>II</strong>Ity: GPO. Stock Order No. 027·000·00862·3. NCJRS.<br />
23. CRIMINAL JUSTICE PERIODICALS-A SELECTED <strong>II</strong>BUOQ.<br />
RAPHY. 8. S. LAPERLA, D. M. HORTON, 8nd M.KRAVITZ<br />
Ede. NATIONAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE REFERENCE SERVICE:<br />
BOX 6000, ROCKVILLE MD 20850. 69 p. 1979.<br />
, NC./·57188<br />
THIS ANNOTATED, SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SERIAL<br />
PUBLICATIONS IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE IS INTENDED FOR L1.<br />
BRARIANS AS WELL AS CRIMINAL JUSTICE ACADEMICIANS,<br />
STUDENTS, AND PRACTITIONERS. THE BIBLIOGRAPHY IDEN.<br />
TIFIES ~'l':3 SERIAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE PUBliCATIONS THAT<br />
HAVE BEiENJ1ECEIVED BY THE NATIONAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE<br />
REFEF\!;;Nt.\lil SERVICE AND ARE THE MOST DIRECTLY AC.<br />
CE~IBLE'AND USEFUL TO CONSUMERS OF CRIMINAL JUS.<br />
TICE INFORMATION. THE SELECTIONS ARE ORGANIZED INTO<br />
. EIGHT THEMATIC AREAS: CORRECTIONS AND PENOLOGY,<br />
COURTS, CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM, CRIMINAL LAW, CRIMI.<br />
NOlOGY, FORENSICS, JUVENILE JUSTICE, AND LAW EN.<br />
FORCEMENT. TITLES ARE ENTERED A~PHABETICAll Y<br />
WITHIN SUBJECT CATEGORIES. IN ADDITION TO THE ANNO.<br />
TATION DESCRIBING THE GENERAL THRUST, CONTENT, AND'<br />
INTENDED AUDIENCE OF EACH PUBLICATION, THE FOllOW.<br />
ING INFORMATION IS SUPPLIED: THE INTERNATIONAL<br />
STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER, THE FREQUENCY OF PUBLICA.<br />
Q<br />
TION, THE FOUNDING .DATEAND F.,ORMER TIT~ IF APPLlCA·<br />
BLE THE PRICE THE SUBSCRIPTION ADDRESS, THE TITLES.<br />
OF iNDEXING ~D ABSTRACTING SERVICES IN WHICH THE<br />
ARTICLES FROM EACH SERIAL PUBLICATION CAN BE FOUND,<br />
AND THE SPoNsoRING AGENCY. LAW JOURNALS FOR THE<br />
MOST PART, ARE EXCLUDED. SUBJECT AND TITLE INDEXES,<br />
AND INDEXES TO SPONSOR AND FOREIGN PUBLlCA7I0NS<br />
ARE PROVIDED. .. .<br />
Iponeor' ..,. Agency: US DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE LEM NA· •<br />
TiONAL INSTITUTE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL<br />
JUSTICE 633 INDIANA AVENUE NW. WASHINGTON, DC 20531~<br />
Ava<strong>II</strong><strong>II</strong>b<strong>II</strong>itr. GPO Stock Order No. 027..()()()..()()815-1; NCJRS'~,><br />
MICROFICHE PROGRAM. NPJRS.,.<br />
Z.. CRIMINAL JUSTICE PLANNING. FOR LOCAL GOVERNMENTS.<br />
By n. C •. CUSHMANInd .I. M. WYNNE JR; AST ASSOCIATES,<br />
INC, 55 WHEELER STREET, CAMBRIDGE .MA 02138. 122 p.<br />
1879. ~7<br />
STATE-OF.THE.ART INFORMATION AND GUIDELINES. ON<br />
CRIMINAL JUSTICE PLANNING. AT THE LOCAL LEVEL ARE<br />
PRESENTED IN A REPORT DIRECTED TO LOCAL GOVERN·<br />
MENT OFFICIALS. BASED ON A REVIEW OF FlESEARCH AND !<br />
PROGRAM LITERATURE AND ON VISlrS TO .SIX PLANNING<br />
JURISDICTIONS, THE REPORT PROVIDES, lOCAL OFFICIALS<br />
WITH COMPREHENSIVE INFORMATION ON THE OBJECTIVES,<br />
STRATEGIES, AND TECHNIQUES OF lOCAL CRIMINAL JUs.<br />
TICE PLANNING AT THREE LEVELS: CRIMINAL JUSTICE<br />
AGENCY PLANNING, CITY OR COUNTY CRIMINAL JUSTICE<br />
PLANNING AND COMPREHENSIVE INTERAGENCY AND 1M·<br />
TERGOVERNMENTAL PLANNING FOR THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE<br />
SYSTEM AS A WHOLE. THE IMPORTANCE OF PLANNING IS<br />
DISCUSSED, AND TH~ LOCAL PLANNING CONTEXT IS DE·<br />
SCRIBED. A BRIEF HISTORY QF THE DEVELOPMEN!, OF<br />
PLANNING CONCEPTS AND THE EVOLUTION QF lOCAL<br />
CRIMINAL JUSTICE PLANNING IS PROVIDED. THE TYPES OF<br />
ACTIVITIES LOCAL PLANNING UNIT~ ARE UNDERTAKING AS<br />
THEY MOVE AWAY FROM FEDERAL GRANT MANAGEMENT<br />
TOWARD AN EMPH~SIS ON TOTAL FlESOURCE PLANNING<br />
ARE NOTED. OTHER ASPECTS COVERED ARE GOALS, OB·<br />
JECTIVES AND ACTIVITIES OF THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE PLAN·<br />
NINGPROcESS; RELATIONSHIPS AMONG POLICY PLANNING,<br />
PROGRAM PLANNING, AND OPERATIONAL.PLANNlf'lG; AND A<br />
STEP.BY.STEP PLANNING PROCESS WITH REFERENCE TO<br />
EXAMPLES FROM LOCAL JURISDICTIONS IN WHICH 'AD·<br />
VANCED PLANNING PRACTICES .ARE EMPLOYED. AlTERNA·<br />
TIVE ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES FOR lOCAL PLANNING<br />
ARE DESCRIBED AND ASSESSED. THI; ROl.ES OF THE SUo<br />
PERVISORY BOARD AND PLANNING STAFF AND THE P.ELA·<br />
TIONSHIPS OF THESE ENTITIES TO EACH OTHER AND TO<br />
OTHER PLANNING STRUCTURES ARE CONSIDERED .. GUIDE·<br />
LINES FOR ESTABLISHING AND OPERATING A LOCAL PLAN·<br />
NING UNIT, INCLUDING iNITIAL PLANNING PRIORITIES, ARE<br />
OFFERED. PROCEDURES, CRITERIA, AND MEASURES, FOR<br />
EVALUATING THE. PLANNING PROCESS ARE OUTLINED.<br />
Supplemenlal Not ..: PROGRAM MODEL.<br />
IpoMorIng Agency· US DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE lEAA NA·<br />
TloNAl INSTITUTE' OFt.AW ENFOROEMENT AND CRIMINAL<br />
JUSTICE, 633 INDIANA AVENUE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20531.<br />
Anl/lllllitty: NCJRS MICROFICHE PROGRAM.<br />
22. CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND THE ELDERLY-A SELECTED BIB<br />
UOORAPHY. O. BOSTON, R. NITZBERG, 8nd M. KRAVITZ,<br />
Edt. NATIONAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE REFERENCE SERllICE,<br />
BOX 8000, ROCKVillE MD 20850. ,:,101 p. 1979. ,... ,',<br />
NCJ·55187<br />
THIS ANNo.TATED BIBLIOGRAPHY CITES MATERIALS INCLUD.<br />
ED IN THE NCJRS COllECTION ON ELDERLY VULNERABILITY<br />
TO CRIME AND THE ROLE OF ELDERLY PERSONS AS ACTIVE<br />
PARTICIPANTS IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM. PUB.<br />
L1SHED BETWEEN 1971 AND 1978, THE CITATIONS ARE AR.<br />
RANGED ALPHABETICALLY BY AUTHOR, TITLE, OR JOURNAL<br />
SOURCE WIT.HIN SEVEN SECTIONS, EACH DEALING WITH A<br />
SELECTED ASPECT OF SENIOR CITIZEN INTERACTION WITH<br />
CRIME OR THE CRIMINAL ~USTICE COMMUNITY. THE FIRST<br />
" SECTION PROVIDES AN OVERVIEW OF THE VULNERABILITY<br />
OF OLDER. PEOPLE TO CRIME AND SOCIAL PROBLEMS AND<br />
DESCRIBES THE GENERAL NATURE OF CRIMES AGAINST<br />
THE ELDERLY. THE FOllOWING SECTION DEALS WITH THE<br />
IMPACT OF CRIME ON THE ELDERLY, INCLUDING STUDIES<br />
ON FEAR OF CRIME AND THE RESULTANT PSYCHOLOGICAL<br />
DAMAGE AND CHANGES IN THE LIVING PATIERNS OF MANY<br />
SENIOR ADULTS, SUBSEQUENT SECTIONS cOVER THE rAT.<br />
TERNS AND RATES OF CRIME AGAINST THE ELDERLY, THE<br />
PROBLEM OF CONSUMER FRAUD SCHEMES AIMED AT<br />
SENIOR CITIZENS, VICTIM ASSISTANCE AND RESTITUTION<br />
PROGRAMS PROVIDING ELDERLY CRIME VICTIMS WITH EMO.<br />
TION~L AND FINANCI~L ~tQ, COMMUNITY PROGRAMS DE.<br />
SIGNED TO FULFill CRIME PREVENTION AND OTHER SOCIAL<br />
SERVICE NEEDS, AND THE CHANGING IMAGE OF SENIOR<br />
CITIZENS IN TERMS OF THEIR ROLE IN THE CRIMINAL JUs.<br />
TICE SYSTEM. INFORMATiON o.N HOW TO OBTAIN CITED<br />
DOCUMENTS IS PROVIDED, ALONG WITH LISTS OF SOURCES<br />
AND RESOURCE AGENCIES.<br />
SponIO<strong>II</strong>ng A~: US DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE LEAA NA.<br />
TIONAl INSTITUTE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL<br />
JUSTICE,.833 INDIANA AVENUE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20531.<br />
Avllll8blttty: NCJRS MICROFICHE PROGRAM. NCJRS.<br />
25 CRITICAL·I88UES IN ADULT PROBATION-INTERNATIONAL<br />
• ASSEISMENT OF THE USE OF ADULT PROBATION. ~y P.<br />
C FRIDAY OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY PROGRAM FOR THE<br />
sTuDY OF' CRIME AND DELINQUENCY, 1314 KINNE~~.~~~P~<br />
COlUMBUSOH 43212 •.. 11~p. .1e79,'-"'·_·'"",,·"IVIr<br />
THIS REVIEW OF ~OULT PROBATION MATERIAL FROM 150<br />
DOCUMENTS FROM VARIOUS COUNTRIES DESCRIBES PRO·<br />
BATION AND SUSPENDE:O SENTENCING SYSTEMS, AND<br />
THEIR USE AND EFFECTIVENESS. PROBATION, INITIAllY<br />
USED IN AMERICA, NOW EXISTS IN 25 COUNTRIES. ITS OB·<br />
JECTIVES ARE ,to HE!,P AND TREAT AS WELL AS CONTROL<br />
OFFENDERS, A DUAL )\ND SOMETIMES CONFLICTING eUR·<br />
poSE. WHICH CAN POSE PROBLEMS FOR OFFICERS. PROBA·<br />
TION SERVICES, AND STRUCTURES VARY FROM A FUllY<br />
PROFESSIONAL STATE OJ;Ij3ANIZATION (E.G., ~REAT BRITAIN<br />
ANO~!NDIA). TO· A CENTRAI,IZED BUT MIXEDJ SYSTEM EM·<br />
PLOYING1 BOTH PROFESSIONALS AND VOL.. _ NTEEAS . (E.G.,<br />
JAPAN 4\"10 ~WEDEN). A THIRD STRUCTURE INVOLVES A JU·<br />
DIC!~Mll'TEE (E.G., BELGIUM AND" FRANCE) WHERE A<br />
CLEAR DIVISION OF LABoR EXISTS BETWE.EN THE JUDGE,<br />
CONTROL AGENTS, SOCIAL ASlj<strong>II</strong>STANTS, AND VOLUNTEERS.<br />
SOME COUNTRIES USE A SYSTEM OF DEFERRED OR SUS·<br />
PENDED SENTENCING (E.G., FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF WEST<br />
GERMANY, 'SOVIET ~J.jION,.AI'!D AUSTRIAt~HICH ENABLES<br />
THE SENTENCING DECISION TO BE POSTPONED PENDING<br />
SOME CHANGE OR ACTION ON THE DEFENDANT'S PART.<br />
USUAllY SOME RESTRICTION OR CONDITIONS ARE IN·<br />
VOlVED. THIS DOCUMENT peSCRlliES THE VARIOUS AP·<br />
PROACHES TO PROBAtiON, THE ATTITUDES TOWARD PRO·<br />
BATION, THE THRUST OF PROBATION. PROGRAMS IN THE<br />
VARIOUS.coUNTRIES, EFFI;CTIVENE$S OF THE USE OF PRO·<br />
BATioN .AND SPECIAL AND INNOV,ATIVE MOPES IN PROBA·<br />
'TION IT ALSO' EXAMINES LEGAL" AND HISTORICAL CON·<br />
TExtS OF USE OF PUSPENDED SENTE;NCE PROVISIONS,<br />
VARIATIONS IN ELlGI~!L1TY CRITERIA FOR SUSPENDED SEN~<br />
TENCES, AND THEIR EFFECTIVENESS AND USE. PROBATION<br />
SERVICES APPEAR TO. BE MOVING TOWARD t.tORE<br />
CLIENT -CENTERED ACTIVITY ON AN INTERNATIONAL LEVEL,<br />
AND THE USE OF PROBATION AND ITS APPROACH TEND TO<br />
PARALLEL SOCIAL AND eCONOMIC DEVELOPMENT. W~EN<br />
PROBATION FAilS. IT IS GENERALLY DUE TO POOR SOCIAL<br />
SKILLS, LACK OF EDUCATION OR VOCATIONAL TRAINING,<br />
AND OTHER SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEPRIVATIONS OF<br />
BOTH STAFF AND OFFENDERS. REFERENCES ARE PRO·<br />
VIDEO.' '0.. ;<br />
8ponIOI'Ing Agency: US DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE lEAA NA·<br />
TIONAl INSTITUTE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL<br />
JUSTICE, 833 INDIANA AVENUE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20531.<br />
Av8ll8blllty: GPO Stock Order No. 027.ooo.()()84~-O; .NCJRS<br />
MICROFICHE PROGRAM. ,<br />
21 CRITICAL ISSUES IN ADULT PROBATION-ISSUES IN PRc)'<br />
• IATtON MANAGEMENT. ByE. W. CARLSON. OHIO STAT!?<br />
UNIVERSITY PROGRAM,FOR THE STUDY OF CRIME AND uG!'<br />
L1NQUENCY, 1314 KINNEAR ROAD,COlUMBUS OH 43212.<br />
502 p. 1979. NCJ·571187<br />
THIS LITERATURE REVIEW EXAMINES ISSUES IN PROBATION<br />
'MANAGEMENT INCLUDING TECHNIQUES IN PROBATION AND<br />
ADMINISTRATION, APPRO~CHES AND EMPHASES, AND THE<br />
EFFICIENCY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF VARIOUS TECH·<br />
NIQUES. SEVERAL MAJOR ISSUES IN . PROBATION WERE<br />
IDENTIFIED IN THE .ReVIEW. 5qME MAIN CONCERNS IN MAN·<br />
AGEMENT ARE THE ISSUES OF CENTRALIZATION OR DECEN·<br />
TRALIZATION OF ADMINISTRATION (CENTRALIZED,<br />
STATE.ADMINISTERED AGENCIES ARE FREE OF lOCAL POll·<br />
TICS AND CAN DELIVER MORE UNIFORM AND EVENLY DIVID·<br />
ED SERVICES AND ,RESOURCES, BUT DECENTRALIZED<br />
'. AGENCIES CAN SOLICIT MORE COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION);<br />
,_ ........ THE PROPER ROLE OF PROBATION OFFICERS (PUNITIVE, OR<br />
PASSIVE)' AND THE PROVISION OF PROBATION SERVICES,<br />
PARTICULARLY CASEWORK WHICH FOCUSES ON SERVICE<br />
PROVISION, AND BROKERAGE WHICH EMPHASIZES ASSESS·<br />
ING CLIENT NEEDS AND LINKING AVAILABLE COMMUNITY<br />
SERVICES WITH THOSE NEEDS. THE USE OF BOTH PARA·<br />
PROFESSIONALS AND VOLUNTEERS IS A CENTRAL CON·.<br />
·--Ct:ANRES~8~H INDICATES TH~T USE OF THE ~ORMERI~<br />
" EFFECTIVE PARTiGU~RtY"iNeASESJN~Q~~IN.~. ~~ (~ISK<br />
CLIENTS AND THAT USE OF THE LATTER CAN'tlc",U~Tl!'t.,._<br />
LARGE CoST' SAVINGS. CASE lOAD MANAGEMENl' ISSUES<br />
ARE ALSO CRITICAL, BUT INSUFFICIENT RESEI,I;lCH MAKES<br />
IT DIFFICULT TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVEN~SS OF; VARIOUS<br />
ASSIGNMENT TECHNIQUES,lEVElS OF ~SUPERVISION, AND<br />
GENERALIZED VERSUS SPECIALIZED CASE lOADS. FURTHER·<br />
MORE, THE LITERATURE REVIEWflEVeAlS THAT (1) MOST<br />
\ ,.<br />
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CRITICAL<br />
PUBLICATION$<br />
',0; FUTURE RESEA~CH EFFORTS. THiS FIRST OF NINE, VOL· ORSKEEPING ACTIVITIES OF MoST LOCAL· AGENCIES ARE<br />
.it,:; VMES PROVIDES AN OVERView OF THE SUBJECT-OF ADULT" NOT AO(PUATE FORAN EVALUATION SYSTE¥: (8) STAFFING<br />
.' .I'j'" PROBATION, WITH ATTENTION '11'0 THE CoNcePTUAL PROB· PRc;>BLEMS; LACK ,OF PRODUCTION COMMIT~ENT, AND DIS.<br />
/i" LEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE .QFTE~ CONFLICTING DEFINI· INTERESTED M~NAGE~EI'fT CAN RESULTI~ SYSTEM FAIL.<br />
y/" TIONS OF PROBATION, THE LEGAL AND STATUTORY DEVEL· VRE (~S IN THE PENNSYLVANIA MEP); AN~ (9) ESTABLISH.<br />
.\ ,/./ ' OPMENT OF PROBATION, ITS ~AJOR OBJECTIVES AND MENTOF A COMMITT~EOF LOCAL CRIM<strong>II</strong>)/ALJUSTJQEI3t;~~<br />
1/:~' TASKS, AND ITS EFFECTIVENE~. SOME OF THE CRITICAL ,R,E,SI;f'f("J!ve.S;.~TDc.F-OLlOW"THE STUDY CAN 'BE HELPFUL<br />
. #.,,(;<br />
..:J.;J ' AREAS ADDRESSED 'NCLUDE T/iELQCUSOF-PAOBATION'c-,-' (AS-PROV~NIN T!;IE AbAMEDA STUDY); F,bRFINDIN~S AND<br />
/; ; ADMINISJ;~£JPN;_~THE'ROlES-cOF PROBATION QFFICERS, , RE~.MENDATIONS SEE NcJ·55682. , ./ /~ ~ .'<br />
r .CASf;LOAQ MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES, STRATEGIES FOR "', ...... Age<strong>II</strong>Cy: US DEPARTMENT OF ~JUSTICE LAW EN.<br />
;v' L TH~PROVt~IOOOF SERYI~S, THE USE .OF PARAPROFES,.-i '. ,FORCEMENTMS!STANCE·ADli.1ll1/iSTRATlON.<br />
J S'9NALSAND V()LU!)ITI;EAS,EDUCATIQNAND TRAININ~FOR 'AY~ GPo .. Stock Order No. 02MOO-Q0797·0; NCJRS<br />
J<br />
~OBATIQN OfFICERS, Tt~E STI)QIES IN P~OBATION; .MAN· MICROFICHE'P.BOGRAM. /<br />
; ,~~ENT INFORMATION SYST,EMS, ~TANA~YSES, AND _.' 'DEVe'OPING BENTE" Nel' .... GUlDE"UNEs-a<br />
;:,1,'1; .......... LSTANDARDS FOR PROBATION. ALSO f.xAMINEDARE .... 15.. ...... ..<br />
_ ISSUES IN THE PI3ODUCTtON A~jD IMPACT OFPRESEtiiTENCE ~<strong>II</strong>ANUAL By A. .. • ."GEL<strong>II</strong>AH, J." M.<br />
"NVt:STIGATIONRE~TS, ISSUES IN.VO. LVED.,,,IN'iHE p. ROVI: ··CALPIN. us DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE "'".',,,.. AP<br />
- - OPM~NT, TESTING AND<br />
,~,SION OF .PROBATION TREATMENT, INNOVATIONS IN PROBA·<br />
AV. ENUE, WM ... S,!,!ING.TQN .. ,DC<br />
~rION STRUCTURE ANQ PROGRAMMING, TRENDS IN INTER.' ~ = .<br />
NATIONAL PROBATIONAPP[ICABi.e' TO THE U,SI, AND THE<br />
. -, ~ STATF. OF .RESEAR9HINAQULT' PROaATION, .. PARTICUL,ARLY ifiiS IS 'A WORKING ~~~~~Ts~~~~~:~1 TO ASSI$T<br />
" THOSE POLiCYMAKElRSf; FOR DEVELOPING A<br />
ITS STAENG~'ANQQl;FICla;:NCIE~. REfEReNCE SOURCE<br />
SENTENCING ' CQOIN(,1 MANUAL<br />
NOTE$ ARFyPROVlDED.FOR IN.DIVIDUAL CHAPTERS. A BIB· '<br />
IMPLEMENTA·<br />
LloGA~Y I~ INCl.!JDEQ. FoFf THE OTHER VOLllMES' OF,<br />
THI$~ALUATION,~E 57667·57674. . '. , ,.<br />
THE '<br />
DESCRIBED ARE<br />
DEVELOP!=D DURING PILOT PROJECTS<br />
/8poi'Iiof1ntl.AgIncy:,U~tDEPAATMENTQF JUSTICE LEAA NA·<br />
liHI'CA(30,!ILL, NEWARK, N.J., PHOENIX,<br />
TIONAL ,INsTIlUrE OF LAW ENFOf:lCEMENT AND CRIMINAL<br />
, JU$TICE.633 INDIANA AveNUE NW;WASliINGTON,DC 20531.<br />
PA. VARiOUS ASPECT$ OF G!JlDE'-<br />
A~GPO' .Stock ordtr No; 027~1;' Nc.lRS<br />
. . ARE PISCUSSED,INCLUbiNG DETER.<br />
M~Pf'ICHEPROGFJMt; • '. .<br />
. THE It-IFQRMA1;ION ~E FI»R .SENTENCINGPECI.<br />
Q. ,;DE8C.iPJlo,utO~ASIE .. .,m OF THE<strong>II</strong>OCEL c" ..... u,'~.,<br />
~ ~ ~C1'I. .., D. M. ICE<strong>II</strong>P,~. D.'''~<strong>II</strong>.IoC''{1<br />
J.W~ANLON, ,: G. NA~y,.MId C. ~R. "u RB~IN~<strong>II</strong>\1·<br />
,~!~WTE,·21()() IiA $'fREET, .NW; ~WASHINGT9N "",,'_ •• '.'<br />
"''''''~''P''' ,iiJ79,c, . " '<br />
•. ,EIGHT:Ri:scRIPhvj: REPORT~ ~RE,·D gl:!l:lI:MrC~'<br />
I!I£J'~P'MOQELEYALl,ItlTION '..' SUPPORTED<br />
BY· NIl:~GI ~F!ArlrS~T,?,STAn;MNSAMPLE: USING STATISTICAl ANALYSIS TO:; "<br />
s.POr FL,AW$IN THe Ql;SIGN, QJ:VELOPING. ~L to DE.<br />
TER~I~E WHICH 9.QMBINATICN OF, F~CTQRS BEST P6E•<br />
~D!CT$ SENTENCING OlITCOMES, VALlQATIONOF THE<br />
SAMPLE, PRESENTING THE GUIDE!.INES SYSTEM TO THE JU·,"<br />
DlCIAfjy"AND, JMP,LEJ.,tENTIN9' THE: SYSTEM. ,,' THE /:IUMAN<br />
FACTORS MITIGATING AGAINST CHA~GEARE'\LSOE~M.<br />
"<br />
-, .,;.<br />
"DIRraCTORJ,<br />
J/<br />
'INED. AN· OFFENSE iNF.6RMA. TION ..' cARD<br />
,ABLE, AND; ILLUSTRATIVE MASTER LIST ITEMS ARE INCLUD."/ ATION APPROACH~S. PROGRAM OBJECTIV~", WERE TO EN<br />
ED •. THE BULK OF THE VOLUME, CONSISTS OF. APPENDE[V COURAGE STATE AND LOCAL P~~NNING' AGENCIES TO G~t<br />
MATERIAL. EXAMPLES, OF' A COHsJRUff!ON SAf,;!ptEERATE AND USE EV~LUATION, INFORMATION AND T ST<br />
CODING!' MANUAL; ACONS]RUCJI9N ~PLE q'AlING WAYS'IN Wt;!JCH EFFECTIVj: USE .. 9F EVALUATION INF,ORMA:<br />
SHEET, AND ERROR STATE~ENTS Ai;lE PROVIDED~,Qi=FENSE TION CAN HELP." THESE AGENCIeS TO ACHIEVE THEIR OB<br />
~ " RANKI~G' INSTRUCTIQf'AS'FOR JUDG ...• ES ARE I.~LUDED. ' AS.<br />
JEC. TIVeS •. THIS ~APER .REPO. R.I. :S'ON LESSON~ L. ~RNED<br />
ARc/ExAMPLES OF INSTRUCTIONAL BOOKLETS FOR THE;FROM THE MEP S, WAYS.:r0 MEASURE ~EP SUCCESS"<br />
CALCULATlbNOFGUIDELINE SENTENCESAHESE INCLUDE MEJHODS FqR BUILDING "N EVALUATION C~~B<strong>II</strong>JTY, ANt;>'<br />
" '~~BboKLETS FOR GENERAL CRIMES AS,,\f4ELLAS;8QOJ(~§ PR9BI,EMS,.T0 BE',If-XPt;CTEQ IN IMPLEM;;NTINGAND OI?~R.<br />
FOR,VIOLENT CRIMES, PROPERTYCRlMES;.ANO DRUG OF· . , AllNG EVALUATIQt!/,SYSTEMS, IT WA~,DETERMINEP THAT<br />
~FENSr:S; ~L TeSTIN~ ~~tEf,lIAIs; INCi.UI)ING"!~ gaM." ' ,EVALUATION SYSTEMS (1) CANNOT ~E EXPECT':'p TO HAVE<br />
"PUTER Pf\OGRAM ANDSUPPLEMENTA,LINSTRUQ!JO.NS, ARE<br />
Ii. MEASURABLE .IMPA,CT ON THEj;!ERFQI:'IMA~CI: OF STArE<br />
.. i .. A. ~MPLE VARI·, ",;:»-'PLANNING AGENCIE~TO DEVELOP AND 1M. P~M~NrEVALU:<br />
ALSO APPENDED, AS IS ~ .. eXAMPLE OF A HANDBOOK FOR<br />
COMPUTER 'I~PLEMENTAilON:PF GUI9ELlNE DATA. ESTI·<br />
PVlt;lNI~G AG,~NCIES AND RWrO~L PLANNING Ut;I'TS,<br />
StNCE THESE "GENCIES, pO ,tro T .- HAVE PRIM~RY~8BJEe-<br />
MATED DEVElOPME.NTjt'lD MAINTENA~oCOSTS ARE PRE· TIVES THAT ARE\BOTH VE~IFIABLE ~D REA~IS~'C~.,(2) AR~ .<br />
SENTED SELEC-..eo.REFERENCES ARE PROVIDED. ALSO SEE NOT .LIKELY TO BE U~rUL TO THE PLANNIN§.AGENCl'<br />
NCJ-4739s;F6fI PARTICIPANT'S HANDBOOK FoR WORKSHOP .<br />
~TAFF UNL,ESS THE A~ENCY ,IS BEU·tG DIRECTElt "TOWARD<br />
ON seNTENCING GUIDELINES DEVELOPMENT. '~E MISSION.RELAJ~D O~ECTIVE, AND (3) CAN INCREASE "<br />
~ ntaI Note8: SENTENCING GUloELiNES-STRUCTUR· THEIR CHARQES 9F"iJ!J;)VIDING I,ISEfUL INFORM ATI0 t4 BY<br />
, ,/'~'Ai. DISCREJ~. .'. '., .'. SERVING ,USERliS'EX,ISTlfiG INFORMAtiON NEEO~ AND. AL·<br />
'.~// ' . M NCJRS MICROFICHE PROGRAM<br />
A~. ".' '. ... . - !..0WING USER,s'iO CONTRQL THE STUDY. EVALUATION SY8-<br />
,-',TEM'$ OF VAL.UE TO POTENTIAL. USERS CAN BESET UP<br />
DEVELOPING SENTEHCIHG OUIDEUNES..;,TRAINER'S H~~/// . ONLYIF;rAE'USER IS JNVOLVEDIN EVALUATION ACTiVITY.<br />
30. <strong>II</strong>OOK •..'.,..... KREll, J.C. CALPIN, A. M. GE~IJ",., R ,GIVENJf;iEOPPQRTUNIT't"; PLANNING AGENCIES W,lLL Sf'!<br />
.u.c:iW1l, .. £. DORWOR'I'H, end O. A. SPAID. ,.>UNWERSITY<br />
UP "flVALlIATION SYSTEMS. WHICH DIFFER IN PRODUC1,<br />
RESEAf\CH CORPORATION, 5530 WI!?99NI3IN/ AVENUE, O9$T, AND OPERATIONS, ANOfTHESE SYST.EMS W,I.LL NOT<br />
WA,SjiiNGTQt.I pc. 182 p. 19n., /// . ,. '1tC.-.. 54147 .' AlE SUCCESSFUL 'IN LOCAL ,GRi~<strong>II</strong>I/AL JUSTICE .AGENCIES.<br />
:PA.'trOF LEM'S E)(ECUTIV!:~TAAiNINGPROGRAM I~ .AD: y"PERSONS SETTING UP EVAtUATION SYSTEMS CAN EXPECT<br />
NANCED CRIMINAL Jysric:( PA~CTICES, THIS 'T~INER'S J.::"f' '1." STAFF TURNOVER CAUSING DELAYS AND DISRUPTIONS,<br />
/'MANUAL OUTLI~eS'A WQRKSHOP DESIGN~I) TO. PROVIDE ",,7 RELUCTANCE FROM PROJE~T ,PERSONNEL T~ RELINQUISH<br />
Y JUDG.. ES. AN .. D/OTH.ER OFF. . ICIALS INF.ORM ... A.1'1ON .. ~911...:..I,J§I.!'i~! • DATA, AND PRO. B. LE. M. s-", ..!ffl'.;11' ClVItSERVICE RULES, COM·<br />
/ SENTENCING GUiDeLINES, STRESSING THE~ USE '~~.'.,.~ PUTER PROCE~J~~;"A~D'poNTRACTING. SI,JCCESS OF'THE<br />
.' TI:NcING GUIDELINES AS AIDS IN MA!
c'<br />
o<br />
PUBLICATION$ ,<br />
OF THE NN<br />
. ,",<br />
EVALU~TION<br />
1!,' 0# .~<br />
. Ii<br />
'n<br />
j ---,<br />
• ,. A i .- ':J. ~ . .', (? '! '.<br />
, ED BY GOVERNMI;:NT AGi:~,ICIES AND "BY NONPROFIT AND SET OF SIMULTANEOUS" EQUATIONS, AND THE POLITICAL<br />
jI SOCIAL, SE~YICE QRGANI?ATIONS ARE, INCLUDE;O. EACH ,ARRANGEMENT$ T!;IAT LEAD TO AGGRESSlttE PATROL<br />
,LI~lTI~GIDENT!FIES THE ORGANllATION, 'PROGRAM TITLE STRATEGIES ARE 0 S S "<br />
ADDRESSAN,D, TE;~EP,',HONE' NUM"B'-ER, SPONSORING' '" ";,'" I CUS ED. SEVERP.VPRE,YlOt}S STUDIES<br />
,; ,,' ,,' , THAT HAVE DEALT WITH POLICE EFFECTS ON CAIME;HAVE<br />
AGE~Cy, PROGRAM GO?,tLSANDOBJECTIVES, SERVICES, BEEN CRIT)PIZED FOR VARIOUS REASONS INCLUDING THE '<br />
FiES9U.R~"~~, .. ~~D· ~U~~'CATlqN$ F9R THE PROFESSIONAL ~EASU~f-g USED AND THE E~:rIMATfON PROCEDURES EM .. 'I, ~'<br />
AND'FOR T.HE.GENERA,l. PUBLIC. THE ENTRIES ARE CUR· PLOY~D. DATA PRESENTED IN THIS STUDY ARE CONSIST.<br />
RENT ,AS OF APflIL·MAY ~978. ACCOMPANYING THE DIREC- N ~<br />
TORY ARE .AN It.jTROD_JJCTOlfyC ARTICLE ON THE CONCEPT<br />
E. T' WITH THE VIEW THAT POLICE PATROL STRATEGIES<br />
, a:' ," ,HAvE AN EFFECT ON THE RATE OF ROBBERIES COMMrITED,<br />
"OFCOM~~I ,ltVt~PAE¥ENTION;AN,PVERVIEW OF THE ,/'THAT THIS EFfECT IS A CAUSAL ONE AND NOT THE RESULT<br />
• LEAA ~g"... " M\lli!:TY CI1IME PREVE,NTION (INCLUDING /' OF A SPURIOUS STATISTICAL CORREi:.ATION AND THAT THE<br />
¢P A J!SI1J~GPF ReLEV~!ll' LEAA GRANTS); A LIST OF ORGANV'''' EXISTENCE OF A '<br />
f:'? " ZATIONS'THAI P"t,-lPROVIDE'INFORMATION, TECHNICAL, AS-<br />
'GIVEN PATROL STRATEGY is AFFECTED BY<br />
" SISTANce, FUN91NGj AND TRAINING MATERIALS; A gLOSsA. BUREAUCRATlg DECISIOt.jS AS WELL AS BY LEVELS OF RE~<br />
RY; Afll? AN~ANNOrATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF COMMUNITY SOURC£,S;THE MEASURES OF POLICE RESOURCES (PATROL<br />
CRIME PREVENTION C " ciUNITS ON THE STREET) ANO PPLiCE ,AClIVITY ON THE<br />
TION: ......':, ' M~TERIALl:! FR~M TH~,~GJRS COLLE
~j<br />
(<br />
"<br />
'"<br />
,'.<br />
,. .....<br />
()<br />
,<br />
EXEilPLARY<br />
PUBLICATIONS<br />
OF THE NIJ<br />
FORCIBLE<br />
I<br />
I<br />
/<br />
-'c'<br />
.~ ~.<br />
I~JP .•<br />
()<br />
J<br />
",,1<br />
, ,<br />
1<br />
'1<br />
i I<br />
!~<br />
.,<br />
I<br />
HAVE BEEN DETAINED TIll THE DISPOSITION Of THEIR<br />
CASES. PROGRAM STAFF RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SUPER.<br />
VISED RElEASE OF OFFENDERS WERE IMPLEMENTED<br />
flI.E.NLY FOR ECONOMICALLY ADVANTAGED AND DlSAOVAN.<br />
TAGr:D PERSONS AT AlL THREE SITES. FURTHER FINDINGS<br />
AND RECOMMENDATIONS ARE PRESENTED. .<br />
Spo .. eo( ... A1*ICr! US DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE LEM NA.<br />
~ INSTITUTE,.Of LAW ENFORCEMENT AND ~IMINAL<br />
JUSTK:E; e33 INW.NA AVENUE nw. WASHINGTON, DC 20531.<br />
Aw ....,. NCJRS MICROFICHE PROGRAM.<br />
31. EX£WLARy PAO.IECTS-A PAOGfWI OF THE NATIONAL<br />
INS11TUTE OF LAW ENFOfICbIEJrr AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE<br />
US DEPARTMENT OF Jl.lSTJCE OFFICE OF DEVELOPMENT'<br />
~~ t!ID DISSEMINATION. 633 INDIANA AVENUE, WASH:<br />
un """ 20531. 33 p. 1978. NCJ.53H2<br />
REVIEWS ARE PP,oVlDED OF 2S LOCAl. INITIATIVES SELECT.<br />
ED FOR THE EXEMPLARY PROJECTS PROGRAM OF LEM'S<br />
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF I.AW ENFORCEMENT AND ~IMINAL<br />
JUSTICE. THE E~...::"'1.AAY PROJECTS PROGRAM IS A SYS<br />
TEMA11C METHOD OF IDEN11FY!~ OUTSTANDING ~IMINAL<br />
Jl.lSTJCE PROGRAMS 1HROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY. VERIFY.<br />
I~ THEIR ACHIEVEMENTS, AND PUBLICIZING THEM WIDELY<br />
IN ORDER TO FrNCOURAGE THE WIDESPFIEAD USE OF AD<br />
VANCED CRIM<strong>II</strong>\IAL JUSTICE PRACTICES. THE 29 PROJECI'S<br />
CITED ANO DlSCUsseo DEAl WITH COMMUNITY INVOLVE.<br />
MENT~ I.A.' ENFORCEMENT. PROseCUTION, ADJUDICATION<br />
AND DEFENSE. CORRECTIONS. JlMi:NILE DIVERSION AND<br />
TREATMENT, AND ALTERNATIVE SERVICE DEUVERY. THEY<br />
INCWDE A RAPE PREVENTION CENTER IN LOUISIANA, COM.<br />
MUNiTY CRIME PREVENTION AND HIDDEN CAMERA PRC).<br />
JECT~\ IN WASHINGTON STATE. A RAPElSEXUAL ASSAULT<br />
CARE CENTER AND A COMMUNITY·BASED CORRECTIONS<br />
PROGRAM IN IOWA. A VOLUNTEER PRoe.~TION COUNSELING<br />
PROGRAM AND A RURAL LEGAL INFORMATION CENTER IN<br />
NEBRASKA. STREET CRIME\ AND MAJOR OFFENSE UNITS IN<br />
NEW YORK CITY, CONSOUDATED POUCE RADIO DISPATCH<br />
SERVICES AND A ONE DAY/ONE TRIAL JURY SYSTEM IN<br />
MICHIGAN ARE INClUDED. A POUCE LEGAL UAlSON IN<br />
TEXAS. AND ECONOMIC CRIME PROSECUTION UNIT IN CON.<br />
NECTICUT. THE PROSECUTOR MANAGEMENT INFORMATION<br />
SYSTEM (PROMIS) AND PUBUC DEFENDER SERVICES IN THE<br />
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA ARE DE5Cr<strong>II</strong>BED. AN ADMINISTRA.<br />
TIVE ADJUDICATION BUREAU FOR TRAFFIC OFFENSES IN<br />
NEW YORK STATE. WORK RELEASE AND JUVENILE ARBITRA.<br />
TION PROJECTS IN MARYLAND, PAROLE, OFFICER AIDE AND<br />
ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PROGRAMS IN OHIO<br />
FRAUD PROSECUTION IN CAUFORNlA, MENTAL PENNSYLVA:<br />
NIA. AND JUVENILE DIVERSION. TREATMENT. EDUCATION.<br />
AND CORRECTIONS PROGRAMS IN CAUFORNIA, COLORADO<br />
MISSOURI, AND PENNSYLVANIA ARE GIVEN. BRIEF OUTLINES<br />
OF EACH PROGRAM ARE PROVIDt:D. ALONG WITH PHOTO.<br />
GRAPHS AND TABULAR DATA.<br />
A\I8<strong>II</strong>atM<strong>II</strong>ty: NCJRS MI~OFICHE PROGRAM.<br />
40. FEOEIW. LAW ON CONSU<strong>II</strong>EA DECEPTION-AM AGENCY<br />
BY AGEHCY ANALYSIS. By G. J. ZWEIBE1.. AMERICAN IN.<br />
STITUTES FOR RESEARCH. 1055 THOMAS JEFFERSON<br />
STREET,IN/, WASHINGTON DC 20007; NATIONAL CON.<br />
SUMER L~W CENTER, 11 BEACON STREET, BOSTON MA<br />
02106. 21.l1 p. 1979. NCJ.5I132<br />
CONSUMER' DECEPTION STATUTES AND REGULATIONS AD.<br />
MINISTERED BY FEDERAL GOVERNM~NT AGENCIES ARE<br />
ANALYZED ''''~ THIS REPORT. IT IS A REFERENCE TOOL AND<br />
PROVIDES Of:TAILED CITATIONS TO THE AUTHORITY RE:.<br />
SPONSIBLE FOR EACH LAW. THIRTY FEDERAL AGENCIES<br />
ARE INCLUDED IN THE REPORT; AN ADDITIONAL CHAPTER<br />
CONTAINS MiSCeLLANEOUS FEDERAL PROHIBITIONS NOT<br />
ASSOCIATED WITH PARTICULAR AGENCIES AND THE APPEN.<br />
DIX SUMMARIZES THE CONSUMER PROTECTION RESPONSI.<br />
BI~lTIES OF AN ADDmONAL NINE FEDERAL AGENCIES. THE<br />
MATERIAL IS ORGANIZED BY AGENCY, AND STATUTES EN.<br />
FC'-lCED BY MORE THAN ONE AGENCY ARE<br />
CROSS·REFERENCED TO THE AGENCY MOST ASSOCIATED<br />
WITH THE SPECIFIC LAW OR LISTED UNDER EACH AGENCY.<br />
EACH CHAP,TER INCLUDES A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE<br />
AGENCY (E.G" DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, CIVIL AERc)'<br />
NAUTICS BOARD, CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMIS<br />
SION, DEPARTMENTS OF DEFENSE, ENERGY, AND HOUSING<br />
AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT, AND THE NATIONAL CREDIT<br />
UNION ADMINISTRATION), THE YEAR IT COMMENCED OPER.<br />
ATION, AND A SUMMARY OF PROHIBITED TRADE PRACTICES<br />
AND AVAILABLE REMEDIES ASSOCIATED WITH THAT<br />
AGENCY. A DETAILED LISTING OF ALL DECEPTIVE TRADE<br />
PRACTICES PROHIBITED BY EACH AGENCY'S ENABUNG LeG.<br />
ISLATION, REGULATIONS, OR OTHER SOURCES OF LEGAL<br />
AUTHORITY ARE ALSO PRESENTED, REMEDIES ARE CATE<br />
GORIZED AS ADMINISTRATIVE, CIVIL. CRIMINAL, PRIVATE<br />
AND OTHER. THE INDEX IS ARRANGED ALPHABETICALLY BY<br />
SUBJECT AREA, ALLOWING ACCESS TO SPECIFIC SECTIONS<br />
OF INDIVIDUAL AGENCY CHAPTERS. FOOTNOTES ARE PRO<br />
VIDED. (AUTHOR ABSTRo'\CT MODIFIED)<br />
SponlOrlng Agency: US DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE LEAA NA.<br />
TIONAL INSTITUTE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL<br />
JUSTICE, 6.'13 INDIANA AVENUE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20531.<br />
AYI'<strong>II</strong>b1l1ty: GPO Stock Order No, 027..()()().()()825-9· NCJRS<br />
MICROFICHE PROGRAM.<br />
'<br />
41. FEMALE OFFENDER-A SELECTED BIBUOGRAPHY D M<br />
HORTON Ind M. KRAVITZ, Ed.. NATIONAL CRIMINAL JUS:<br />
TICE REFERENCE SERI!ICE, BOX 6000. ROCKVILLE MD 20850.<br />
58 p. 1979. NCJ.55e37<br />
THIS BIBLIOGRAPHY REPRESENTING SELECTED LITERATURE<br />
ON . ADULT FEMALE OFFENDERS EMBRACES THREE<br />
THEMES-IDEOLOGY, IMPLICATIONS, LEGAL AND PROCEDUA.<br />
AL MATIERS, AND MANAGEMENT AND DISCHARGE OF<br />
FEMALE INMATES. THE L1TERATUAE WAS INCLUDED ON THE<br />
BASIS OF IMPORTANCE OF THE CONCEPT TREATED, GENER.<br />
AL CLARITY OF PRESENTATION, QUALITY OF RESEARCH<br />
AND DOCUMENTATION, AND AVAILABILITY. FOCUSING ON<br />
LITERATURE FR?M 1965 TO 1978, THE BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH<br />
ABSTRACTS TREATS SUCH ISSUES AS THE HISTORICAL DE.<br />
VELOPMENT OF FEMALE·SPECIFIC CRIMINOLOGY CURRENT<br />
STATISTICAL RESEARCH ON THE NATURE, EXTENT, AND ETI.<br />
OLOGY OF FEMALE CRIMINALITY, THE EFFECTS OF SOCIAL<br />
FORCES AND ATiiTUDINAL CHANGES ON WOMEN IN SOCI •<br />
ETY. SEX·BASED TREATMENT AND PROCESSING DIFFEREN.<br />
TIATIONS IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM AND THEIR<br />
QUESTIONED CONSTITUTIONALITY IN LIGHT OF THE 14TH<br />
AMENDMENT, DEVELOPING PRISON LAW, TH~ PROPOSED<br />
EQUAL RIGHTS AMENDMENT. SEX DISCRIMINATION PRAC.<br />
TICES IN THE AREAS OF ARREST, BAIL COURT DEFENSE.<br />
SENTENCING, PROBATION, PAROLE, AND WORK RELEASE<br />
OPPORTUNITIES, CITATIONS ALSO REPRESENT SUBJECTS<br />
SUCH AS THE MANAGEMENT AND DISCIPLINE OF FEMALE<br />
OFFENDERS, THE CONCEPT OF FEMALE PRISONIZATION<br />
THE UNIQUE CONDITIONS AND PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED<br />
WITH INC~RCERATED WOMEN, THE INMATE CULTURE AND<br />
SOCIAL SIRUCTURE OF SEXUALLY SEGREGATED AS WELL<br />
AS COED, PRISON ENVIRONMENTS,AND THE EDUCATIONAL<br />
AND VOCATIONAL TRAINING CURRICULUMS AVAILABLE TO<br />
FEMALE INMATES, THE ENTRIES ARE ARRANGED ALPHA.<br />
BETICALLY BY AUTHOR, AND THE LITERATURE IS SELECTED<br />
FROM THE NATIONAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE REFERENCE SERV<br />
ICE DATA BASE.<br />
•<br />
SponlOrlng Agency: US DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE LEAA NA<br />
I~~~~E.'~~J'r~~~N~A~~u~NJ~,~~~~~1:~~ ~I~~:,~<br />
Avlllllblllty: NCJRS MICROFICHE PROGRAM,<br />
42. :~gsR': R::~-A MANUAL FOR FILING AND TRIAL PROS-<br />
~toV~i~~~~~~~TT~~' :~6UJ~~T~CE ~~u~lcg~!~~:<br />
, SEATTLE WA 98105. 75 p. 1978.<br />
NCJ.43521<br />
TESTS AND WITNESSES NECESSARY FOR RAPE CHARGES<br />
TO BE FILED, PRE·TRIAL PREPARATION, PLEA BARGAINING<br />
STANDARDS, JURY SELECTION, TRIAL STRATEGY, SENTENC·<br />
ING. AND COUNSELING FOR THE VICTIM ARE EXAMINED IN<br />
DETAIL. INTERVIEWS WITH 40 EXPERIENCED PROSECUTORS<br />
INDICATED THAT EVEN IN MAJOR CITIES AN AVERAGE OF<br />
ONLY 4.5 RAPE CASES PER PROSECUTOR ACTUALLY PRO·<br />
CEEDS TO TRIAL, WHILE 2,5 RESULT iN A CONVICTION.<br />
SINCE THE HANDLING OF RAPE CASES IS OFTEN AN UNFA<br />
MILIAR TASK, THIS MANUAL HAS BEEN DESIGNED AS A REF·<br />
ERENCE WORK. IT DISCUSSES THE HISTORICAL PREJUDICES<br />
PROSECUTORS, JUDGES, AND JURIES HAVE HAD TOWARD<br />
RAPE VICTIMS. ALTHOUGH THE VICTIM IS OFTEN THOUGHT<br />
TO BE CONTRIBUTORY TO THE OFFENSE, A STUDY OF RE·<br />
PORTS FROM FIVE MAJOR POLICE DEPARTMENTS FOUND<br />
THAT SUBSTANTIAL THREATS AGAINST THE VICTIM'S LIFE<br />
WERE MADE IN 60 PERCENT' OF CASES AND STRONG·ARM<br />
FORCE WAS USED IN 75 peRCENT. MOST ATTACKS TOOK<br />
PLACE IN THE VICTIM'S HOME OR ON THE STREET. MEDICAL<br />
TESTS WHICH SHOULD BE CONDUCTED IMMEO:ATEL Y<br />
AFTER REPORT OF THE ATTACK, MEDICAL TESTS WHICH<br />
SHOULD BE CONDUCTED AT INTERVALS OF TIME AFTER THE<br />
ATTACK, AND QUESTIONS WHICH SHOULD BE ASKED AT THE<br />
TIME ARE DETAILED. FORENSIC EVIDENCE WHICH SHOULD<br />
BE GATHERED IS DISCUSSED. THE PROCESS OF PLEA BAR·<br />
GAINING AND 'rHE POPULAR CONCEPT OF THE 'DEGREE OF<br />
SERIOUSNESS' OF RAPE ARE CONSIDERED TO AID THE<br />
PROSECUTOR WHO MUST DETERMINE HIS CHANCES OF<br />
WINNING THE CASE. BECAUSE OF POPULAR PREJUDICES,<br />
THE RAPE CASE MUST BE ESPECIALI.Y WELL PREPARED.<br />
EVIDENCE, WITNESSES, AND TRIAL 'TACTICS ARE DIS·<br />
CUSSED. METHODS OF DISCOVERING POSSIBLE JUROR BIAS<br />
ARE DETAILED. INCLUDED ARE CHECKLISTS, SAMPLE<br />
FORMS FOR MEDICAL AND FORENSIC EXAMINATIONS, BIB·<br />
.. LIOGRAPHIES, AND A DESCRIPTION OF RAPE VICilM SERVo<br />
ICES IN VARIOUS CITIES.<br />
Sponaortng AlJItncy: US DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE LEAA NA·<br />
TIONAL INSTITUTE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL<br />
JUSTICE, 633 INDIANA AVENUE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20531,<br />
Avllllblllty: GPO Stock Order No. 027.()()().()()618·3: NCJRS<br />
MICROFICHE PROGRAM.<br />
43. FORCIBLE HAPE-A MANUAL FOR PAmOL OFFICERS<br />
POLICE VOLUME 2. By F. J. ALBI. BATIELLE MEMORIAL<br />
LAW AND JUSTiCE STUDY CENTER, 4000 NE 41ST STREET,<br />
SEATTLE WA 98105. 52 p, 1978, NCJ043522<br />
SINCE THE INITIAL POLICE CONTACT IS THE MOST IMPOR·<br />
TANT SOURCE OF EVIDENCE IN A RAPE CASE, THIS MANUAL<br />
HAS BEEN DEVELOPED TO , 10 POLICE OFFICERS WITH IN·<br />
TERVIEWS, EVIDENCE GATHt., '<strong>II</strong>/G, AND SUSPECT APPRE·<br />
HENSION. MOST OF THE, EVIDENCE NECESSARY FOR SUC·<br />
CESSFUL PROSECUTION OF A RAPE CASE IS AVAILABLE<br />
ONLY AT TIME OF PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION: THIS PUTS<br />
A SPECIAL BURDEN ON THE PATROL OFFICER RESPONDING<br />
TO THE CALL. THE MOST IMPORTANT SOURCE OF INFORMA·<br />
TION WILL BE THE INTERVIEW WITH THE VICTIM. TECH·<br />
NIQUES FOR EVALUATING THE RELIABILITY OF THE TESTI·<br />
MONY, PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS PECULIAR TO RAPE IN·<br />
VESTIGATIONS, AND METHOOS FOR ESTABLISHING RAP·<br />
PORT ,4,RE DISCUSSED. SPEOIAL TECHNIQUES ARE GIVEN<br />
FOR INTERVIEWING TW:: ELDERLY, ADOLESCENTS, AND<br />
CHILDREN BECAUSE NEARLY HALF OF ALL VICTIMS ARE<br />
UNDER AGE 20, LEGAL PROBLEMS ARISE WITH MEDICAL EX·<br />
AMINATIONS OF VICTIMS AND NOTIFICATION OF PARENTS,<br />
ESPECIALLY PARENTS OF ADOLESCENTS, FOR VERY YOUNG<br />
CHILDREN, IT IS OFTEN WISE TO l,JSE Sf'ECIALL Y TRAINED<br />
INTERVIEWERS. RAPE CRISIS CENTERS AND HOSPITALS CAN<br />
ALSO HELP WITH INTERVIEWING BY FILLING IN MISSING BITS<br />
OF EVIDENCE, CLOSE COOPERATION BElWEEN POLICE AND<br />
SUCH AGENCIES IS URGED. SEARCH TECHNIQUES AND<br />
METHODS OF GENERATING A POOL OF SUSPECTS ARE DIS·<br />
CUSSED, INCLUDING THE USE OF HELICOPTERS, RADIO. AND<br />
TRACKING DOGS. RAPE BRINGS SPECIAL POLICE PROB·<br />
LEMS. BECAUSE NEWS MEDIA ARE USUALL V VERY INTER·<br />
ESTED IN RAPE CASES, POLICIES HAVE TO BE DEVELOPED<br />
FOR DEALING WITH REPORTERS. IN ADDITION, MANY COM·<br />
MUNITY GROUPS WANT POLICE SPEAKERS ON THE SUB·<br />
JECT. RAPE CASES ALSO REQUIRE UNUSUALLY CLOSE c0-<br />
OPERATION WITH THE PROSECUTING ATIORNEY. THE<br />
PATROL OFFICER SHOULD NOT ONLY FOLLOW ESTAB·<br />
LlSHED GUIDELINES, HE ALSO SHOULD BE ENCOURAGED TO<br />
SUGGEST WAYS TO IMPROVE HANDLING OF RAPE CASES,<br />
SponeorIng Agency: US DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE LEM NA·<br />
TIONAL INSTITUTE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL<br />
JUSTICE. 833 INDIANA AVENUE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20531.<br />
Avllllblllty: GPO Stock Order No. 027·000·00619·1: NCJRS<br />
MICROFICHE PROGRAM.<br />
44. FORCIBLE RAPE-AN ANALYSIS OF LEGAL ISSUES. By C.<br />
E. U;~D. J. A. REICH. Irod D. CHAPPELL. BATTELLE<br />
MEMORIAl.IAW AND JUSTICE STUDY CENTER. 4000 NE 4iST<br />
STREET, SEATILE WA 98105, 106 p. 1978.<br />
NCJ.43520<br />
PAST ATTITUDES TOWARDS RAPE. CURRENT LAWS, MOVE·<br />
MENTS TOWARD REFORM, AND PROBLEMS OF ENFORCE·<br />
MENT OF RAPE LAW ARE SUMMARIZED. A STATE·BY·STATE<br />
TABLE GIVES CURRENT PROPOSED AND PASSED LEGISLA·<br />
TION. TRADITIONALLY RAPE HAS BEEN DEFINED AS 'CARNAL<br />
KNOWLEDGE OF A WOMAN BY FO~CE AND AGAINST HER<br />
WILL.' THE TEST OF FORCE HAS BEEN CRUCIAL TO THE<br />
CASE ANO CONSENT HAS BEEN DEDUCED FROM THE CIR·<br />
CUMSTANCES. HISTORICALLY. VICTIMS WERE ASSUMED TO<br />
BE CONSENTING PARTIES TO THE RAPE UNLESS CRIMINAL<br />
CIRCUMSTANCES COULD BE PROVED BEYOND DOUBT. IN<br />
ADDITION, VICTIMS WERE OFTEN SUBJECT TO QUESTIONS<br />
ABOUT PAS- SEXUAL BEHAVIOR AND EMBARRASSED BY<br />
POLICE AND IXlURT HANDLING OF THE CASE. CURRENT<br />
REFORM EFFORTS HAVE ATTEMPTED A REDEFINITION OF<br />
RAPE TO CONSIDER TYPES OF RESISTANCE, DEGREES OF<br />
RAPE, ANDFLE),;lBLE PENALTY STRUCTURES DEPENDING<br />
UPON CIRCUMSTANCES, AND TO TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE<br />
SPECIAL ISSUES OF CHILD SEXUAL MOLESTATION, RAPE<br />
WITKIN MARRIAGE, AND RAPE IN WHICH A MALE IS THE<br />
VICTI~4. REFORM GROUPS HAVE FOUND JURIES UNWILLING<br />
TO,CONVICT FOR RAPE IN SITUATIONS RESEMBLING SEDUC·<br />
TION BECAUSE PENALTY STRUCTURES ARE CURRENTLY<br />
TOO SEVERE. PRIVACY FOR RAPE VICTIMS, VICTIM ADVO·<br />
CATE PROGRAMS, VICTIM SERVICE PROGRAMS, AND RAPE<br />
PREVENTION AND SELF·DEFENSE PROGRAMS ARE DIS·<br />
CUSSED, THE MICHIGAN AND WASHINGTON STATE LAWS<br />
ARE DISCUSSED AS PATIERNS OF SUCCESSFUL CHANGE.<br />
A~'PEND1XES GIVE: A TABLE SUMMARIZING LEGISLATION IN<br />
EACH STATE, A NARRATIVE SUMMARY OF STATE LEGISLA·<br />
TION, '(H~ MODEL PENAL CODE, THE MICHIGAN, MINNESO·<br />
TA, WASHINGTON, AND WISCONSIN STATE STATUTES, A SE·<br />
LECTED BIBliOGRAPHY, AND SEVERAL SAMPLE DEFINITIONS<br />
OF RAPE,<br />
SponlOl'lng Agency: US DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE LEAA NA·<br />
TIONAL INSTITUTE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL<br />
JUSTICE, 633 INDIANA AVENUE NW, WASHINGTON. DC 20531.<br />
Av .... b<strong>II</strong>Ity: GPO Stock Order No. 027·000·00627·2: NCJRS<br />
MICROFICHE PROGRAM.<br />
45. FORCIBLE RAPE-FINAl. PROJECT REPORT.. By D. D.<br />
SCHRAM. BATIELLE MEMORIAL LAW AND JUSTICE STUDY<br />
CENTER, 4000 NE 41ST STREET, SEATILE WA 98105. 93 p.<br />
1978, NCJ·435:!4<br />
FINDINGS ARE GIVEN OF A 2·YEAR PROJECT WHICH SUR·<br />
VEYED A NATIONWIDE SAMPLE OF POLICE AND PROSECUT·<br />
ING AGENCIES, INTERVIEWED RAPE VICTIMS, ANI) GATH·<br />
ERED STATISTICS. THIS PROJECT FOUND THAT RAPE. IS THE<br />
MOST UNDERREPORTED CRIME IN THE UNITED STATES.<br />
ONLY A FRACTION OF THr: RAPES COMMITTED ARE RE·<br />
'.<br />
,<br />
14<br />
15<br />
' ....<br />
,"I
,<br />
FO~CIBLE<br />
PUBLICATIONS<br />
OF THE NIJ<br />
HEALTH<br />
. ',lit<br />
"<br />
i<br />
I<br />
.<br />
PORTED, MOSTLY BECAUSE THE VICTIM FEARS THE TREAT.<br />
MENT SHE WILL RECEIVE FROM THE POLICE AND PROSECU.<br />
TORS. OF REPORTED CRIMES, ONLY 5 PERCENT LEAD TO<br />
APPREHENSION OF A SUSPECT AND LESS THAN 3 PERCENT<br />
TO A CONVICTION. RAPISTS ARE LARGELY INDISTINGUISH.<br />
ABLE FROM THE REST OF THE POPULATION. THE VICTIM IS<br />
GENERALLY AGE 20 OR YOUNGER: THE RAPIST AGE 30 OR<br />
YOUNGER. MOST ATTACKS, INVOLVE STRANGERS OR<br />
SLIGHT ACQUAINTANCES. MOST RAPES TAKE PLACE IN THE<br />
VICTIM'S HOME OR ON THE STREET. SEVERE FORCE IS<br />
USED IN 60 PERCENT OF ATTACKS: 'STRONG·ARM' FORCE IN<br />
75 PERCENT. MOST INJURIES ARE MINOR, BUT THE PSYCHO.<br />
LOGICAL AFTEREFFECTS ARE MAJOR. (RAPE.HOMICIDES<br />
WERE SPECIFICALI. Y EXCLUDED FROM THIS S'rUDY.) THE<br />
STUDY FOUND THAT THE AVERAGE POLICE OFFICER IS<br />
GIVEN LITTLE TRAINING IN THE SPECIAL PROBLEMS OF<br />
RAPE INVESTIGATION, YET THE INITIAL CONTACT IS THE<br />
MOST IMPORTANT SOURCE OF EVIDENCE, FOR PROSECU.<br />
TION. TRAINING FOR POLICE AND INVESTIGATORS IS SUG.<br />
G~SiED. ;.. SERiES OF TRAiNING MANUALS IS BEING ISSUED<br />
AS PARi OF THIS PROJECT. APPENDIXES PRESENT TABLES<br />
ANALYZING DATA FROM POLl~~E REPORTS IN SEATTLE,<br />
WASH., DETROIT, MICH., KANSAS CITY, MO., NEW ORLEANS,<br />
LA., AND PHOENIX, ARIZ. GIVEN ARE NUMBER OF VICTIMS,<br />
AGE, RACE, WITNESSES, LOCATION OF OFFENSE, WEAPONS<br />
USED, TYPES OF RESISTANCE, INJURIES SUSTAINED. AND<br />
AN ANALYSIS OF FOLLOWUP INVESTIGATION.<br />
Sponlorlng AgInCy: US DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE LEAA NA.<br />
TIONAL INSTITUTE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL<br />
JUSTICE, 633 INDIANA AVENUE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20531.<br />
An<strong>II</strong>Ib<strong>II</strong>Ity: GPO Stock Order No. 027'()()()-00625-6: NCJRS<br />
MICROFICHE PROORAM.<br />
4fi. i=OMCilLE RAPE-POLICE ADMINISTRATIVE AND POLICY<br />
ISSUES-POLICE VOLUME.e. By C. ULIERO. BATTELLE<br />
MEMORIAL LAW AND JUSTICE STUDY CENTER, "000 NE "1ST<br />
STREET, SEATTLE WA 98105. 43 p. 1978. NCJ
HEALTH<br />
PUIJLlCATIONS<br />
--<br />
,<br />
i<br />
, -<br />
-., I<br />
i .... ~.'.<br />
I<br />
I<br />
~<br />
I<br />
!<br />
~<br />
1<br />
f<br />
I<br />
SIVE FOOTNOTED REFERENCES AND SMALLER BIBLIOGRA<br />
PHIES.<br />
SUpplerMntal Nots.: NATIONAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE EXECU.<br />
TIVE TRAINING PROGRAM.<br />
~ Agency: US DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE OFFICE<br />
OF DEVELOPMENT, TESTiNG AND DISSEMINATION, 633 INDI.<br />
ANA AVENUE, WASHINGTON DC 20531.<br />
Avlllleblllty: NCJRS MICROFICHE PROGR.~M.<br />
61. HEALTH CARE IN CORAECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS-PARTICI.<br />
PANT'S HANDBOOk. Iy N. I. OLUCkSTEAN, M. NEUSE, J.<br />
HARNEss, R. PACKAAD, lind C. PATMOH. UNIVERSITY RE.<br />
SEARCH CORPORATION, 5530 WISCONSIN AVENUE, WASH.<br />
INGTON DC. 130 p. 1977. HCJ.473t13<br />
THIS HANDBOOK TRACES SESSION·BY.SESSION A WORK. '<br />
SHOP FOR THE TOP 60 STATE AND LOCAL POLICYMAKERS<br />
RESPONSI.~LE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTA.<br />
TION OF Hi:ALTH CARE STANDARDS FOR CORRECTIONAL IN.<br />
STITUTIONS. THE WORKSHOP CONSISTS OF 10 SESSIONS<br />
CONDUCTED OVER A a.DAY .PERIOD. THE FIRST THREE SES<br />
SIONS DEA~ WITH AN OVERVIEW OF WORKSHOP GOALS, A<br />
NEEDS ASSESSMENT FOR HEALTH CARE DELIVERY IN COR.<br />
RECTIONS. AN EXA~AINATION OF HEALTH CARE DELIVERY<br />
SYSTEMS WITHIN CORRECTIONAL SETTINGS, AND A DISCUS.<br />
SION OF THE USE AND ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH CARE<br />
STANDARDS REGARDING THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR HEALTH<br />
SERVICES DELIVERY WITHIN "HE CORRECTIONAL SETTING.<br />
BOTH HEALTH CARE SERVICE AND SERVICES RESOURCE<br />
CHECKLISTS ARE PROVIDED. AS ARE TWO CASE STUDIES<br />
OF STANDARDS FOR HEALTH EDUCATION. THE NEXT FOUR<br />
SESSIONS DISCUSS SUPPORT SERVICES NEEDED FOR EF.<br />
FECTIVE HEALTH CARE SERVICE, MANAGEMENT OF HEALTH<br />
CARE DELIVERY IN CORRECTIONS. AND IMPLEMENTING<br />
CHANGE WITHIN THE ENVIRONMENT OF CORRECTIONAL IN.<br />
STITUTIONS. A REVIEW IS ALSO PROVIDED OF THE HEALTH<br />
CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM RELATIVE TO CHANGES AND OP.<br />
TIONS IN SERVICE DELIVERY AND MANAGEMENT. THE FINAL<br />
THREE SESSIONS ARE DEVOTED TO IDENTIFYING AND IN.<br />
FLUENCING EXTERNAL. AGENCIES AND ATTITUDES WHICH<br />
AFFECT HEALTH CARE DELIVERY, DEVELOPING ACTION<br />
PLANS FOR EFFECTING CHANGE WITHIN SPECIFIC HEALTH<br />
CARE DELIVERY SYSTEMS, AND DISCUSSING FUTURE TRAIN.<br />
ING POSSIBILITIES. WORKSHEETS, OBSERVER FORMS, SAM.<br />
PLES OF CORRESPONDENCE, AND OTHER SUPPORTING MA.<br />
TERIALS ARE PROVIDED FOR EACH SESSION. APPENDIXES<br />
PROVIDE WORKSHOP LOGISTICS, A BIBLIOGRAPHY. AND A<br />
GLOSSARY OF TERMS OFTEN ENCOUNTERED IN DISCUS<br />
SIONS OF HEALTH CARE SERVICE DELIVERY WITHIN COR.<br />
RECTIONAL SETTINGS.<br />
Ic.IppIemenI8l NotM: EXECUTIVE TRAINING p,ROGRAM IN AD-<br />
VANCED CRIMINAL JUSTICE PRACTICES. • ~<br />
8poMortng AIency: US DEPARTMENT OF JUSTiCE OFFICE<br />
OF DEVELOPMENT, TESTING AND DISSEMINATION, 633 INDI.<br />
ANA AVENUE, WASHINGTON DC 20531.<br />
Avllllblllty: NCJRS MICROFICHE PROGRAM.<br />
, 62. HEALTH CARE IN CORRECTIONAL IHiTITUTIOH8-TRAIN<br />
EA'8 HAH~. IV N. I. GLUCkmRN, M. NEUSE, J.<br />
HARNESS, R. PACkARD, lind C. PATMOH. UNIVERSITY RE.<br />
SEARCH CORPORATION, 5530 WISCONSIN AVENUE, WASH.<br />
INGTON DC. 218 p. 1977. .HCJ.54f41<br />
THIS TRAINER'S MANUAL TRACES SESSION·BY.SESSION A<br />
WORKSHOP FOR ST".lE AND LOCAL POLICYMAKERS RE.<br />
SPONSIBLE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION<br />
OF HEALTH CARE STANDARDS FOR CORRECTIONAL INSTI.<br />
TUTIONS. PARr OF lEM'S EXECUTIVE TRAlr~ING PROGRAM<br />
IN ADVANcED CRIMINAL JUSTICE PRACTICES, THE MANUAL<br />
OUTLINES THE INSTRUCTOR'S ROLE IN A WORKSHOP CON.<br />
SISTING OF 10 SESSIONS OV!:A A 3·DAY peRIOD. THE<br />
GOALS OF EACH SESSION ARE OUTLINED, ALONG WITH RA.<br />
TIONALE, INSTRUCTIONAL METHOD, AND MATERIALS/lOG IS.<br />
TICS PRIMARY TO THE SESSION'S SELECTED TOPIC. THE<br />
18<br />
FIRST THREE SESSIONS DEAL WITH AN OVERVIEW OF THE<br />
WORKSHOP GOALS, A NEEDS ASSESSMENT FOR HEALTH<br />
CARE DELlVEA'1J IN CORRECTIONS, AN EXAMINATION OF<br />
HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEMS WITHIN CORRECTIONAL<br />
SET<strong>II</strong>NGS, AND A DISCUSSION OF THE USE AND ASSESS.<br />
MENT OF HEALTH CARE STANDARDS !N TERMS OF THEIR<br />
IMPLICATIONS FOR HEALTH SERVICE. THE REMAINI~JG .SES<br />
SIONS COVER SUPPORT SEAVICES NEEDED FOR EFFECTIVE<br />
HEALTH CARE DEliVeRY, IMPLICATIONS OF USING STAND.<br />
ARDS FOR PERSONNEL, MANAGING HEALTH CARE DELIV.<br />
ERY IN CORRECTIONS, IMPLEMENTING CHANGE IN CORREC<br />
TiONAL INSTITUTIONS, CONTROLLING EXTERNAL INFLU.<br />
ENCES,.AND DEVELOPING ACTION PLA.~S FOR INSTITUTING<br />
CHANGES WITHIN THE CORRECTIONAL SETTING. SAMPLE<br />
FORMS ARE INCLUDED. AN EXERCISE IN DEVELOPING A<br />
COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK AMOI~G PRISON PERSoNNEL<br />
AND DECISION MAKERS IS APPENDED. SEE ALSO NCJ 47392<br />
AND 47393,<br />
'<br />
8uppilmenUi Hotea: FROM THE EXECUTIVE TRAINING PRO.<br />
GRAM IN ADVANCED CRIMINAL JUSTICE PRACTICES.<br />
Sponaorl,'1<strong>II</strong> Agency: US DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE OFFICE<br />
OF DEVELOPMENT, TESTING AND DISSEMINATION, 633 INDI.<br />
ANA AVENUE, WASHINGTON DC 20531.<br />
Ava!llblllty: NCJRS MICROFICHE PROGRAM.<br />
63. HIGH SPEED PATROL CAA TIRES-A GUIDE. BV A. C.<br />
LEWIS end Eo LEWIS JA. US DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE<br />
NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS LAW ENFORCEMENT<br />
STANDARDS LABORATORY, WASHINGTON DC 20234: 42 p.<br />
1979. ~5t72t<br />
THIS GUIDE PROVIDES TECHNICAL INFORMATION FOR SE.<br />
lECTING TIRES TO SUIT THE NEEDS OF HIGH SPEED POLICE<br />
PURSUIT CARS, AND FOR MAINTENANCE OF THE TIRES FOR<br />
MAXIMUM SAFETY, TIRE LIFE, AND PERFORMANCE. THE<br />
COMPARATIVE DATA ON TIRE CONSTRUCTION, OPERATION,<br />
AND MAINTENANCE PRI:SENTED WERE COLLECTED FROM<br />
TESTS DONE TO EVALUATE COMPARATIVE TRACTION AND<br />
PERFORMANCE OF VARIOUS BRANDS AND SIZES OF HIGH<br />
SPEED PURSUIT TIRES. BASED ON INFORMATION COllECT.<br />
ED FROM A SURVEY OF POLICE DEPARTMENTS THROUGH.<br />
OUT THE COUNTRY BY THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION<br />
OF CHIEFS OF POLICE. USES FOR H!GH SPEED PURSUIT<br />
TIRES ARE DISCUSSED; I.E., TYPES OF ROADS DRIVEN, PUR.<br />
SUIT DRIVING, TIRE MAINTENANCE, HAZARD EXPOSURE,<br />
TYPES OF TIRES USED, TIRE MILEAGE, SNOW TIRE USAGE,<br />
ANt) ASPECTS OF RADIALS VERSUS SNOW TIRES. TECHNI.<br />
CAL FACTORS EXAMINED INCLUDE CONSTRUCTION, TIRE<br />
MARKINGS, TIRE MATERIALS, USE OF CHAINS, AND THE<br />
GASoLINE MIlEAGE OF CERTAIN TIRES. COST FACTORS,<br />
PRINCIPLES OF SELECTION, AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA<br />
ARE DETAILED. OPERATIONAL ASPECTS SUCH AS INSTAlLA.<br />
TION, BREAKING IN THE TIRES, ROAD CONDITIONS, INFLA.<br />
TION CHECKS, ROTATION, REPAIRS, AND SERVICING ARE<br />
COVERED AS ESSENTIAL TO OPTIMAL TIRE SELECTION AND<br />
USE. {lIAGRAMS, GRAPHS, TABLES, AND PHOTOGRAPHS AC<br />
COMPANY THE TEXT. THE FEDERAL QUALIFIED PRODUCTS<br />
lIST, A CHART FOR TIRE INTIERCHANGEABILlTY AND lOAD<br />
AND INFLATION DATA, AND A TIRE MIXING GUIDE ARE Ap.<br />
PENDED.<br />
IUppllmen'" HolM: A LIMITED NUMBER OF COPIES ARE<br />
AVAILABLE FROM NBS.<br />
~ Agency: US DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE lEM NA.<br />
TIONAl INSTITUTE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL<br />
JUSTICE, 633 INDIANA AVENUE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20531-<br />
AV<strong>II</strong><strong>II</strong>bi<strong>II</strong>ty: GPO Stock Order No. 003-OO3.()2073.7· US DE.<br />
PARTMENT OF· COMMERCE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STAND.<br />
ARDS LAW ENFORCEMENT STANDARDS LABORATORY<br />
WASHINGTON DC 20234 Stock Order No. NBS SP 480.33:<br />
NCJRS MICROFICHE PROGRAM.<br />
'<br />
OF THE NIJ<br />
~, ILLEGAL CORPORATE IEHAVIOR. Iy. M. I. CUNARD, P. C.<br />
YEAGEA, J. IR<strong>II</strong>IETTE, D. PETRAlHEK, 8I1d E. HARRIES,<br />
UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY,<br />
MADISON WI 53706. 348 p. 1979. NCJ.57n3<br />
FOCUSING ON SEVERAL HUNDRED MAJOR CORPOrIATIONS,<br />
THis STUDY REPRESENTS THE FIRST LAR,GE·SCAlE, COM·<br />
PREHENSIVE INVESTIGATION OF CORPORATIONS FOR AC<br />
TIONS THAT VIOLATE THE LAW. ALTHOUGH THE EMPIRICAL<br />
INVESTIGATiON CONCENTRATED ON 582 OF THE LARGEST<br />
PUBl!CLY OWNED CORPORATIONS IN.THE U.S., THE MAJOR<br />
FOCUS WAS ONMANUrACTURING FIRMS WHOSE ANNUAL<br />
SALES (1875, RANGED FROM $300 MILLION TO MORE THAN<br />
$45 BILLION, WITH AN AVERAGE SALES VOLUME OF $1.7 BIL·<br />
liON. THE STUDY DATA COVERED ALL ENFORCEMENT AC<br />
TIONS OBTAINABLE, ACTIONS INITIATED OR IMPOSED BY 24<br />
FEDERAL AGENCIES DURING 1975 AND 11176. THE DATA<br />
REVEAL A WIDE RANGE OF CORPORATE VIOLATIONS, AS<br />
WEll AS AorlON INITIATED AND IMPOSED BY GOVERNMENT<br />
AGENCIES. PREDICTIONS OF VIOLATIONS ARE ATlCMPTED<br />
THROUGH ANALYSES OFTEN USED TO COMPARE<br />
INDUSTRY·lEVEl AND ECONOMY·LEVEL DATA. THESE DATA<br />
SHOW THAT UNFAVORABLE TRENDS IN SALES, PROFITS,<br />
EARNINGS. AND PRODUCT DIVERSIFICATION AREl ASSOCIAT<br />
ED WITli VIOLATIONS. A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS IS PRE·<br />
SENTED OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THOSE CORPORA·<br />
TIONS AGAINST WHICH LIMITED ACTIONS HAVE BEEN INITI·<br />
ATED AND THOSE "GAINST WHICH ACTIONS HAVE BEEN EX·<br />
TENSIVE. TO TEST THE VIEW THAT PRESSURES FROM<br />
PARENT CORPORATIONS TO INCREASE PROFITS CONTRIB·<br />
UTE TO THE GREATER VIOLATIONS BY SUBSIDIARIES, AC<br />
TIONS AGAINST PARENT CORPORATIONS ARE COMPARED<br />
WITH ACTIONS AGAINST THEIR 101 LARGEST SUBSIDIARIES,<br />
WHOSE 1978 SALES RANGED FROM $300 MILLION TO $7.8<br />
BilLION. AN ANALYSIS IS PROVIDED OF THE METHODOLOG·<br />
ICAL PROBLEMS IN STUDYING CORPORATE CRIME AND THE<br />
INADEQUACY OF FEDERAL STATUTES ON CORPORATE<br />
CRIME. OTHER TOPICS DISCUSSED ARE CORPORATE ORGA·<br />
NI1.ATION AND CORPORATE CRIME, REGULATORY AGENCIES<br />
ANO ,FEDERAL AND STATE RELATIONS IN CONTROLLING<br />
CORpQR~TE CRIME, CORPORATE ANTITRUST AND ILLEGAL<br />
PAYMENTS VIOLATIONS, CORPORATE EXECUTIVES AND<br />
CRIMINAL LIABILITY, AND THE CONTROL OF CORPORATE<br />
CRIME. TABULAR DATA AND REFERENCES ARE PROVIDED.<br />
(AUTHOR ABSTRACT MODIFIED)<br />
SponIorIng Agency: US DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE LEAA NA·<br />
TIONAL INSTITUTE OF· LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL<br />
JUSTICE, 633 iNDIANA AVENUE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20531.<br />
Av8llablllty: GPO Stock Order No. 02NlOO.()()843·7; NCJRS<br />
MICROFICHE PROGRAM. NCJRS.<br />
65. IMPACT OF AFFIRMAnVE ACTION AND CIVIl. SERVICE ON<br />
AMERICAN POUCE PEASONNEL SYSTEMS. Iy H. O.<br />
LOCKE. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION SERVICE, 1778 MASSA·<br />
CHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON DC 20038. 19 p.<br />
1979. HCJ·H2116<br />
THE IMPACT OF CIVIL SERVICE AND AFFIRMATIVE ACTION<br />
PROGRAMS ON MINORITY EMPLOYMENT IN THE LAW EN·<br />
FORCEMENT SETTING IS ADDRESSED IN THIS MONOGRAPH.<br />
EACH STAGE OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT'S PROGRAM<br />
TO INSURE EQUALEMPl0YMENT OPPORTUNITY FROM NON·<br />
DISCRIMINATION THROUGH AFFIRMATIVE ACTION HAS BEEN<br />
ACCOMPANIED BY ACRIMONIOUS PUBLIC DEBATE, FOCUS·<br />
ING PARTICULARLY ON AFrJRMATIVE ACTION WHICH IS DE·<br />
SIGNED TO DEVELOP GUIDELINES, TIMETABLES, AND OTHER<br />
MEASURABLE INDICES BY WHICH EMPLOYERS CAN BE HELD<br />
ACCOUNTABLE FOR THEIR P~OGRESS, OR LACK OF IT, IN<br />
IMPLEMENTING NATIONAL POLICY. THE PRINCIPAL BURDEN<br />
OF FINDING ANSWERS TO THE COMPLEX ISSUES SUR·<br />
ROUNDING MINORITY EMPLOYMENT HAS FALLEN TO THE<br />
COURTS. NUMEROUS JUDICIAL DECISIONS, WITH ENOR·<br />
MOUS IMPLICATIONS FOR POLICE AGENCiES, HAVE BEEN<br />
IMPROVING<br />
TRANSLATED INTO PROCEDURAL REGULATIONS COVERING<br />
THE MEASURES, TECHNIQUES, CRITERIA, AND 'PROCESSES<br />
THAT MAY BE USED FOR EMPLQYMENT DECISIONS AND EM·<br />
PlOYMENT SELECTION. ~VERAL EMPLOYMENT PRACTICES<br />
WHICH MAY CREATE PROBLEMS IN THE AREA OF EMPLOY·<br />
MENT DISCRIMINATION ARE INCLUDED. WHETHER DUE TO<br />
ENLIGHTENED POLICE I.EADERSHIP, COMMUNITY PRES<br />
SURES, POLITICAL CIRCUMSTANCES, CIVil SERVICE INTER·<br />
'JENTION, OR A COMBINATION OF ALL l1iESE FACTORS, THE<br />
RACIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF AMERICAN?OLlCING HAVE<br />
BeGUN TO CHANGE SUBSTANTIALLY OVER THE PAST<br />
DECADE. TEN YEARS AGO, APPROXIMATELY 4 PERCENT OF<br />
THE SWORN POLICE PERSONNEL IN THE NATION WERE<br />
RACIAL MINORITIES: TODAY. THAT FIGURE HAS RISEN TO 10<br />
PERCENT. FINDINGS OF THE PUBLIC SERVICE ADMINISTRA·<br />
TION SHOW THAT ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT FACTORS<br />
IN CHANGING THE NATURE .AND QUALITY OF POLICING IS<br />
THE COURAGE AND COMMITMENT OF POLICE LEADERSHIP.<br />
TO THE EXTENT THAT INCREASING MINORITY AND FEMALE<br />
PARTICIPATION IN THE RANKS OF SWORN POLICE OFFICERS<br />
IS A CRUCIAL i'ART OF! THIS CHANGE PROCESS; THERE IS<br />
THE ACOED FINDING 1HAT SUCH EFFORTS ARE NOT EN·<br />
HANCED BY A RELIANCE ON THE REGULATORY ROLE OF<br />
CIVIL SERVICE. SEVERAL SUGGESTIONS FOR INSTITUTIONA·<br />
L1ZING THIS CHANGE PROCESS ARE NOTED. REFERENCE<br />
NOTES ARE APPENDED.<br />
IpoMorIng Agency: US DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE lEM NA·<br />
TIONAL INSTITUTE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMI~JAL<br />
JUSTICE, 633 INDIANA AVENUE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20531.<br />
Avllllblllty: GPO Stock Order No. 027-()()0'()08~.9; NCJRS<br />
MICROFICHE FROGRAM.<br />
/ • '<br />
/1<br />
H. IMPROVING THE CRIMIHAL PROCElSlHO.QF M<strong>II</strong>DEMEAH<br />
ANTI-THE IMPROVED LOWEA COUAT/CASE HAHDUNQ<br />
PROGRAM-kALAMAZOO (kALAMAZOO COUNTY), MICHI<br />
GAN-NATIONAL EVALUATION FINAL AEPORr. By E.<br />
CHEi.lMSlCY, M. FISCHEL, lind J. 1ASfY. MITRE CORPORA·<br />
TION WASHINGTON OPERATIONS, 1820 DOllEY MADISON<br />
BOULEVARD MCLEAN VA 22101. 112 p; 1978.<br />
, HCJ-4''J'"<br />
THE IMPROVED lOWER COURT CASS HANDLING (lLCCli)<br />
PROGRAM IN KALAMAZOO COUNTY, MICH., WAS EVALUATED<br />
AS PART OF A LAW ENFORCEMENT ASSISTANCE ADMINIS·<br />
TAlmON EFFORT TO IMPROVE THE CASE IPROCESSING OF<br />
MISDEMEANANTS. EIGHT PROGRAM COMPONENTS WERE<br />
DESIGNED TO IMPROVE THE PROCESSING OF MISDEMEAN·<br />
ANT OFFENDERS. FOUR COMPONENTS OFFERED LAW EN·<br />
FORCEMENT AND JUDICIAL PERSONNEL lESS DRASTIC<br />
METHODS FOR HANDLING MISDEMEANANTS: POLICE CITA·<br />
TIONS, COURT SUMMONS, PRETRIAL RELEASE, AND SELECT<br />
OFFENDER PROBATION. THREE 'COMPONENTS WERE DE·<br />
SIGNED TO PROVIDE CONSISTENCY AND EFFICIENCY IN<br />
HANDLING MISDEMEANOR CASES: CASE SCREENING,<br />
PROMIS, AND SHORT FORM PRESENTENCE INVESTIGATION<br />
REPORTS. THE EIGHTH COMPONENT KNOWN AS THE MASS<br />
CASE COORDINATOR WAS DESIGNED TO FOSTER COOPERA·<br />
TICN AMONG PROGRAM COMPONENTS AND ACROSS CRIMI·<br />
NAL JUSTICE AGENCIES. THE ILCCH PROGRAM iN KALAMA·<br />
ZOO WAS UNIQUE IN MAINTAINING AN ACTIVE COORDINAT·<br />
ING COUNCil COMPOSED OF REPRESENTATIVES FROM<br />
CRIMINAL JUSTICE AGENCIES THROUGHOUT THE COUNTY. A<br />
UNIFORM CITATION FORM WAS DEVELOPED AND ADOPTED<br />
BY ALL POLICE AGENCIES. EFFORTS TO IMPLEMENT COURT<br />
SUMMONS FOR USE IN HANDLING CRIMINAL COMPLAINTS<br />
FAilED. A MISDEMEANOR PRETRIAL RELEASE PROGRAM<br />
WAS DEVELOPED TO EXTEND INTERVIEW/RECOMMENDA·<br />
TION SERVICES AVAILABLE TO FELONS TO MISDEMEAN·<br />
ANTS. SCREENING WAS CONDUCTED BY All. PROSECU·<br />
TIONAl AGENCIES IN THE COUNTY, so THE SCRI;EN!NG<br />
COMPONENT WAS DIRECTED TOWARD PROBLEMS ASSOCI·<br />
ATED WITH THE CONSISTENCY OF SCREENING AND CHARG·<br />
ING PRACTICES. A SEMIAUTOMATED INFOR,MATION SYSTEM<br />
;<br />
. \<br />
18<br />
"<br />
I<br />
. "<br />
.'"<br />
.~<br />
I
IMPROVING<br />
PUBLICATIONS<br />
OF THE NIJ<br />
JAIL<br />
\<br />
., I<br />
..<br />
~,," flit<br />
-.,<br />
WAS IMPLEMENTED THAT POSSESSED MANY FEATURES OF<br />
THEPAOMIS MODEL AND A WORD PROCESSING CAPABILITY.<br />
A COUNTYWIDE SHOAT FORM PRESENTENCE INVESTIGA·<br />
TION REPORT WAS NOT ADOPTED ElY PROBATION AGENCIES<br />
BECAUSE CONSENSUS ON THE NATURE OF THE FORM WAS<br />
NEVER REACHED. THE SELECT OFFENDER PROBATION COM·<br />
PONENT OPERATED AS AN ADJUNCT TO THE EXISTING PRO·<br />
BATION AGENCY IN KALAMAZOO; IT SERVED 33 CLIENTS SE·<br />
LECTED AS HIGH~RISK MISDEMEANANTS ACCORDING TO A<br />
SET OF FORMAL CRITERIA. THE COORDINATING COUNCIL,<br />
MORE THAN ANY PROGRAM COMPONENT, BROUGHT iN·<br />
CREASED VISIBILITY TO MISDEMEANANT PROCESSING AND<br />
DEMONSTRATED THAT AN INTERAGENCY APPROACH TO<br />
CRIMINAL JUSTICE PROBLEMS CAN RESULT IN COORDINAT·<br />
ED SOLUTIONS TO SYSTEM PROBLEMS. A DESCRIPTION OF<br />
THE CRIMINAL JUSTICi': SYSTEM IN KALAMAZOO COUNTY<br />
AND ,A WARRANT REQUEST AND DISPOSITION FORM ARE<br />
APPENDEO. .;, .<br />
AV<strong>II</strong><strong>II</strong>Ib<strong>II</strong><strong>II</strong>y: M!TRE CORPORATION WASHINGTON OPER.<br />
ATIONS, 1820 DOLLEY MADISON BOULEVARD, MCLEAN \fA<br />
" 221Q.1 Stock Order No. MTR·7682, VOL 2; NCJRS MICRO·<br />
FICHE PROGRAM.<br />
57. IMPFlOViNG THE CRIMINAL PROCESSING OF MISOEMEAH.<br />
ANTS-THE 'MPROVED LOWER COURT CASE H»IDUNa<br />
PROOMM-LAS VEGAS (CLARK COUNTY), NEVADA-HA.<br />
TtOHAL EVALUATION-fiNAL REPORT. Iy E. CHEUMSKY<br />
&\lid J. SA9FY. MITRE CORPORATION WASHINGTON OPER·<br />
ATIONS, 1820 DOLLEY MADISON .BOULEVARD, MCLEAN VA<br />
22101. 85 p. 1978. NCJ.4I41IS<br />
THE IMPROVED LOWER COURT CASE HANDLING (ILCCH)<br />
PROGRAM IN CLARK COUNTY, NEV., WAS EVALUATED AS<br />
PART OF A LAW ENFORCEMENT ASSISTANCE ADMINISTRA.<br />
TION EFFORT TO IMPROVE THE CASE PROCESSING OF MIS.<br />
DEMEANANTS. THE ILCCH PROGRAM WAS INTENDED TO 1M.<br />
PROVE THE PROCESSING OF MISDEMEANANT OFFENDERS<br />
THROUGH THE IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATION OF EIGHT<br />
PROGRAM COMPONENTS. FOUR OF THESE COMPONENTS<br />
OFFERED LAW ENFORCEMENT AND JUDICIAL PERSONNEL<br />
LESS DRASTIC METHQDS FOR HANDLING MISDEMEANANTS:<br />
POLICE CITATIONS, COURT SUMMONS, PRETRIAL RELEASE,<br />
AND SELECT OFFENDER PROBATION. THREE COMPONENTS<br />
WERE DESIGNED TO PROVIDE CONSISTENCY AND EFFICIEN.<br />
CY IN HANDLlN(1MISDEMEANOR CASES: CASE SCREENING,<br />
PROMIS, AND SHORT FORM PRESENTENCE INVESTIGATION<br />
REPORTS. THE EIGHTH COMPONENT kNOWN AS THE MASS<br />
CASE COORDINATOR WAS DESIGNED TO FOSTER COORDI.<br />
NATION AMONG T~E OTHER PROGRAM COMPONENTS AND<br />
ACROSS CRIMINAL'JUSTICE AGENCIES TO BETTER MANAGE<br />
CASE FLOW. 'A UNIFORM CITATION TICKET WAS DEVISED<br />
FOR USE BY ALL POLICE AGENCIES IN THE COUNTY, AND A<br />
UNIFORM SUMMONS WAS DEVELOPED FOR ALL PROSECU.<br />
TORIAL AGENCIES. PLANS TO DEVELOP FORMAL GUIDE.<br />
LINES FOR THE ISSUANCE OF THE UNIFORM SUMMONS<br />
FAILED BECAUSE JUDGES DID NOT WANl'TO REDUCE THEIR<br />
DISCRETION IN THE USE OF SUMMONS. A PRETRIAL RE.<br />
LEASE PROGRAM, OPERATED. BY A PRIVATE NONPROFIT OR.<br />
GANIZATION, WAS PART OF THE ILecH PROGRAM FOR 13<br />
MONTHS. PROCEDURAL CHANGES WERE INSTITUTED IN<br />
CASE SCREENING TO GIVE A SCREENING UNIT, RATHER<br />
THAN POLlC!:, RESPONSIBILITY FOR FILING CHARGES IN<br />
MISDEMEANOR CASES. ILCCH PROGRAM FUNDS WERE<br />
USED TO ,CONTINUE THE DEVELOPMENT OF A MANAGE.<br />
MENT INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR THE DISTRICT ATTOR.<br />
NEY'S OFFICE. MISDEMEANANT PftOBATION IS NOT A LEGAL<br />
.OPTION IN NEV1IDA, SO PROBATION AND PRESENTENCE IN.<br />
'~,Si:IGATION COMPONENTS'W~Rr; IMPLEMENTED ~S PART<br />
~ ,OF THE COURT COUNSELlr:!q.PR{)G~. THE ILCCH PRO.<br />
GRAM, IN GENERAL, WAS PLANNED ~ND EVOLVED COMPO.<br />
NENT BY COMPONENT. ANO'rHE MASS CASE COORDINATOR<br />
ROLE NEVER DEVELOPED THE ACTIVE<br />
COORDINATIVE'MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS ENVISIONED BY<br />
20<br />
THE PROGRAM. NO MECHANISMS WERE DEVISED TO ANA·<br />
LVZE MISDEMEANANT PROCESSING PROBLEMS OR TO PRO·<br />
POSE CI.:>oRDINATED SOLUTIONS. THE ILCCH PROGRAM RE·<br />
SULTED IN SOME LOCALIZED IMPROVEMENTS, PRIMARILY<br />
PRETRIAL RELEASE AND COURT COUNSELING ELEMENTS.<br />
PROCEDURAL CHANGES AELAT,ED TO POLICE CITATIONS,<br />
COUR'r SUMMONS, AND CASE SCREENlf,oIG WERE INSTITU·<br />
TIONALIZED, AND A PROMIS SYSTEM NEARED COMPLETION.<br />
THE '':;RIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM IN CLARK COUNTY IS DE·<br />
SCRIBED IN AN APPENDIX.<br />
~ Agency: US DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE LAW EN·<br />
FORCEMENT ASSISTANCE ADMINISTRATION.<br />
~~lib<strong>II</strong>Ity: MITRE CORPORATION WASHINGTON OPER·<br />
AT10NS, 1820 DOLLEY MADISON BOULEVARD. MCLEAN VA<br />
22101 Stock Order No. MTR·7682, VOL 3i NCJRS MICRO·<br />
FICHE PROGRAM.<br />
sa. ' .. .PROVING THE CRIMINAL PROCESSING OF Il<strong>II</strong>DE<strong>II</strong>EAN<br />
AIm-THE IMPROVED LOWER COURT CASE HANDLING<br />
PROGRAM-RICHLAND COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA-NA<br />
TIONAL EVALUATION-FINAL REPORT. Iy E. CHEU<strong>II</strong>IKY,<br />
L OnEH. lind J. IAIFY. MITRE CORPORATION WASHING·<br />
TON OPERATIONS, 1820 DOLLEY MADISON BOULEVARD,<br />
MCLEAN VA 22101. 98 p. 1978. NCJ.414113<br />
THE IMPROVED LOWER COURT CASE HANDLING (ILCCH)<br />
PROGRAM IN RICHLAND COUNTY, S.C., REPRESENTED A<br />
LAW ENFORCEMENT ASSISTANCE ADMINISTRATION EFFORT<br />
TO IMPROVE THE CASE PROCESSING OF MISDEMEANANTS.<br />
THE ILecH PROGRAM WAS DESIGNED TO IMPROVE THE<br />
PROCESSING OF MISDEMEANANT OFFENDERS THROUGH<br />
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF EIGHT COMPONENTS. FOUR OF<br />
THE COMPONENTS OFFERED LAW ENFORCEMENT AND JU.<br />
DICIAL PERSONNEL LESS DRASTIC METHO[)'S FOR HAN.<br />
DLiNG MISDEMEANANTS: POLICE CITATIONS, COURT SUM.<br />
MONS, PRETRIAL RELEASE, AND SELECT OFFENDER PROBA.<br />
TION. THREE COMPONENTS WERE DESIGNED TO PROVIDE<br />
CONSISTENCY AND EFFICIENCY IN HANDLING MISDEMEAN.<br />
OR CASES: CASE SCREENING, PROMIS, AND SHORT FORM<br />
PRESENTENCE INVESTIGATION REPORTS. THE EIGHTH COM.<br />
PONENT KNOWN AS THE MASS CASE COORDINATOR WAS<br />
DESIGNED TO FOSTER COOPERATION AMONG PROGRAM<br />
COMPONENTS AND ACROSS CRIMINAL JUSTICE AGENCIES.<br />
NEITHER POLICE CITATION NOR COURT SUMMONS ALTER.<br />
NATIVES COULD BE IMPLEMENTED IN THE COUNTY BE.<br />
CAUSE STATE LAW DOES NOT ALLOW THEIR USE. THE PRE.<br />
TRIAL RE~EASE COMPONENT OP.ERATED AS A DISCRETION.<br />
ARY MECHANISM TO EFFECT RELEASE OF DEFENDANTS<br />
BASED ON A SET OF FORMAL AND INFORMAL CRITERIA. THE<br />
CASE SCREENING COMPONENT OPERATED TO IMPROVE<br />
THE TRANSMITTAL OF OFFENSE INFORMATION, AND AP.<br />
PROXIMATELY 33 PERCENT OF ~LL CASES WERE EVENTUAL.<br />
LY DISMISSED VIA SCREENING. PRIOR TO THE ILCCH PRO.<br />
GRAM, NO CASES HAD BEEN DISMISSED. ALTHOUGH THE<br />
ORIGINAL INTENT WAS TO DEVELOP A<br />
CROSS-JURISDICTIONAL INFORMATION SYSTEM ALONG THE<br />
LINES OF THE MANUAL PROMIS, THE COUNTY EVENTUALLY<br />
IMPLEMENTED A SIMPLIFIED CARD SYSTEM. JUDGES WERE<br />
NOT PARTICULARLY DISPOSED TOWARD THE USE OF PRE.<br />
SENTENCE INVESTIGATIONS, AND FEW PRESENTENCE IN.<br />
VESTIGATIONS WERE CONDUCTED. THE SELECT OFFENDER<br />
PROBATION COMPONENT WAS TERMINATED AS PART OF<br />
PROGRAM RESTRUCTURING. IT SUPERVISED 63 CLIENTS<br />
BUT SUFFERED BECAUSE IT FAILED TO INFORM JUDGES IN<br />
AN EFFECTIVE MANNER ABOUT THE ILCCH PROGRAM, TO<br />
DEVELOP A PROPOSED VOLUNTEER PROGRAM, AND TO IN.<br />
VOLVE THE LOCAL PROBATION DEPARTMENT. THE ILCCH<br />
PROGAAM IN RICHLAND COUNTY, IN GENERAL, FAILED TO<br />
MOVE BEYOND LIMITED IMPLEMENTATION, OPERATIONS<br />
AND INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF COMPONENTS ."ND DID NOT<br />
DEVELOP INTERAGENCY COORDINATION DUE TO INAD.<br />
EQUATE MANAGEMENT, LACK OF ANALYSIS AND PLANNING<br />
IN THE EARLY STAGES OF THE PROGRAM, AND LACK OF IN.<br />
TEREST BV AGENCIES IN COMPONENT C{)NCEPTS. A' DE·<br />
SCRIPl'lCN OF THE COUNTY'S CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM IS<br />
APPENDED..<br />
.0;';>.<br />
AvllllMlllty: MITRE CORPORATION WASHINGTON OPER· 4~'"<br />
ATIONS 1820 DOLLEY MADISON BOULEVARD, MCLEAN VA<br />
22101 'Stock Order No. MTR·7692. VOL1i NCJRS MICRO·<br />
FICHE PROGRAM.<br />
P. INCARCERATION AND ITS ALTUNATlVElIH 2O'1'H CENTURY<br />
AMERICA:" Iy D. J. ROTHMAN. 80. p. 1979.<br />
NCJ·5H14<br />
THIS REPORT SURVEYS CONCEPTS AND TREATMENT OF<br />
THE DEVIANT IN THE U.S. FROM 187o.11MO. THE ORIGINS OF<br />
THE PROGRESSIVE REFORM MOVEM~NT IN THE CRIMINAL<br />
"USTICE AND MENTAL HEALTH FIELDS ARE ANALYZED.<br />
\iROM 1Il00 TO 1829 REFORMERS DEVOTED UNPRECEDENT·<br />
ED ATTENTION TO ALTERNATIVES TO INCARCeRATION. PRO·<br />
BATION, PAROLE, AND JUVENILE COURT PROCEDURES<br />
GAlt~ED ACCEPTANCE IN CRIMINAL ,IUSTICE, WHILE MENTAL<br />
HEALTH INNOVATIONS INCLUDED {)UTPATIENT CARE, AF·<br />
TERCARE, AND THE DESIGN OF AN ENTIRELY NEW TYPE OF<br />
FACILITY, THE PSYCHOPATHIC HOSPITAL T/:'IE PROGRAM<br />
THAT PROGRESSIVe REFORMERS peSIGNED IN THIS<br />
PERIOD REMAINED THE ESSENTIAL ,PROGRAM OF THE<br />
MIDDLE 1118O'S WHEN FUNOAMENTALr,CHALLENGES TO THE<br />
CONCEPTS OF PROGRESSIVE REFORM BEGAN TO DEVELOP.<br />
THIS REPORT CONTENDS THAT TO UNDERSTAND THESE<br />
CHALLENGES AN UNDERSTANDING OF' THE IDEOLOGICAL<br />
PREMISES OF THE OLDER PROGRA.MOF PROGRESSIVE<br />
REFORM IS .REQUIRED. THE REPORT ALSO FOCUSES ON<br />
THE RESULTS OF THE REFORM .EFFORT AND CONCLUDES<br />
THAT NONE OF THESE PROGRAMS WERE FULFILLED AS<br />
THEIR DESIGNERS HAD PLANNED. THUS, THE HISTORICAL<br />
REOORD IS RELEVANT TO THOSE WHO WOULD INNOVATE IN<br />
THESE FIELDS TODAY. THE LEGACY OF THE 1800'S IN<br />
REGARD TO INCARCERATION ".~,PRISONS AND INSANE ASY·<br />
LUMS IS DISCUSSED FOLLOW~D BY AN ANALYSIS OF THE<br />
ORIGINS AND REALITIES OF P~OB"TION AND PAROLE. THE<br />
PROGREsSIVE PRISON, THE ,CREATION OF THE JUVENILE<br />
COURT AND THE DISPENSING OF JUVENILE JUSTICE ARE<br />
CONSiDeRED, ALONG WITH A DISCUSSION OF THE FUTURE<br />
OF THE MENTAL HYGIENE MOVEMENT. FROM THIS ANALY·<br />
SIS, THAN: LINES OF THOUGHT EMERGE. FIRST, THIS RE·<br />
BEARel: IMPLIES THAT THE UNDERLYING ASSUMPTIONS OF<br />
THE l.ONGER APPEAA VALID. TODAY, EFFORTS FOCUS ON<br />
THE OVERT 'ACT', NOT THE 'STATE OF MIND', OF THE OF·<br />
FENDER. SECOND, THIS ANALYSIS SHOWS THAT ALTERNA·<br />
TIVES TO INSTITUTIONS CANNOT COEXIST EASILY WITH IN·<br />
STITUTIONS. A COMMITMENT TO ALTeRNATIVES TO INCAR·<br />
CERATION WILL DEMAND A THOROVGHGOING REVERSAL IN<br />
THE SOCIAL POLICY OF GIVING PRIORITY TO THE INCARCER·<br />
ATION OF OFFENDERS. FINALLY, THE HISTORICAL RECORD<br />
STRONGLY SUGGESTS THE DrFFICUL TY OF ADMINISTERING<br />
A PROGRAM THAT IS BOTH cUSTODIAL AND REHABILlTA·<br />
TIVE. NEVERTHELESS, IT IS coNTENDED THAT THE HISTORI·<br />
(,.AL APPROACH SHOULD HELP TO CREATE A CLIMATE OF IN·<br />
NOVATION IN FINDING NEW RESOLUTIONS TO INCARCER·<br />
ATION. A NOTE ON SOURCES IS APPENDED.<br />
1ponIot'1I Agency: US DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE LEM NA·<br />
TiONAlfNSTITUTE • OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL<br />
JUSTICE,833 INDIANA AVEN!,IE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20531.<br />
AWl ....., GPO Stock Qrder No. 027.()OO.(10885-8i NCJRS<br />
MICROFICHE PROGRAM.<br />
,<br />
10. INTIfINAnOiw.lUllllARlEI-A COLLECTION OF IEU!CT<br />
. ED TJIANILATIONI IN LAW ENfORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL<br />
JUIT/CIE, y~ I. NATIONAL CRIMINAL J,USTICC REFER·<br />
ENCE SERVICE BOX 8000, ROCKVILLE MD, 20850.' 171 p.<br />
1879.' , .. NCJ-57117<br />
TERRORISM IS THE THEME OF THIS THI~D VOLUME OF<br />
NCJRS INTERNATIONAL SUMMARIE;S. THE '9,~UMMARIES<br />
WERE SELECTED TO PROVIDE A WIDE RANGEPF INTERNA·<br />
21<br />
TIONAL OPINION AND DISCUSSION ON TERRORISM AND ITS<br />
MANIFESTATIONS. A GRAPHIC, DAY·BY·DAY ACCOUNT OF<br />
THE KIDNAPPING OF GERMAN INDUSTRALiST HANS MARTIN<br />
SCHLEYER AND THE SUBSEtlUENT HIJACKING OF A LUFTH·<br />
ANSA JET IS THE VOLUME'S LEAD ARTiCLE. ADAPTED FROM<br />
A RELEASE OF THE PRESS AND INFORMATION OFFICE OF<br />
THE WEST GERMAN GOVERNMENT, THIS CASE HISTORY RE·<br />
VIEWS THE GERMAN GOVERNMENT'S DELAY STRATEGY IN·<br />
TENDED TO GAIN MORE' TIME TO SEARCH AND .AVOID<br />
GRANTING THE TERRORISTS' DEMANDS. THE SECOND SEC<br />
TION IS DEVOTED TO SPECIFIC EXAMPLES OF TERRORISM IN<br />
VARIOUS AREAS OF THE WORLD. IN ADDITION TO DISCUS·<br />
SIONS OF THE HISTORY AND EVOLUTION OF TERRORISM IN<br />
LATIN AMERICA AND NORTHERN IRELAND, A DETAILED EX·<br />
AMINATION OF PALESTINIAN TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS IS<br />
PRESENTED THAT FOCUSES ON THEIR ORIGINS, PHILOS·<br />
OPHIES, AND CONNECTIONS WITH OTHER GROUPS. A<br />
STUDY OF THE BACKGROUND AND IDEOLOGY OF WEST<br />
GERMAN TERRORISTS, THE REACTION OF THE GERMAN<br />
PEOPLE, AND GOVERNMENTAL ANTITERRORISM MEASURrES<br />
IS ALSO PROVIDED. THE FEMALE TERRORIST IS CONSID·<br />
ERED IN A PAIR OF WEST GERMAN ESSAYS THAT RELATE<br />
THE BEHAVIOR OF THE FEMALE TERRORIST TO HER WITH·<br />
DRAWAL FROM PRODUCTIVE SOCIETY, EXAMINF- HER LACK<br />
OF EMANCIPATION, AND DISCUSS HER PSYCHOLtJGlCAL DE·<br />
VELOPMENT AND REHABILITATION. THE NEXT GROUP OF<br />
ARTICLES RANGES FROM THEORETICAL STUDIES OF TER·<br />
RORIST DOCTRINE AND PRACTICE TO SPECIFIC COMMEN·<br />
TARIES ON WAYS TO COMBAT TERRORISM AND NEGOTIATE<br />
WITH TEARORISTS TO OBTAIN RELEASE OF HOSTAGES. A<br />
CRIMINOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF TERRORIST BEHAVIOR IS<br />
INCLUDED IN THIS SECTION, ALONG WITH A PERSPEC!'VE<br />
OF TERRORISM FROM AN EAST EUROPEAN COUNTRY, YU·<br />
GOSLAVIA. LEGAL ASPECTS OF TERRORISM AND ANTITER·<br />
RORISM ARE DISCUSSED IN SELECTIONS THAT REVIEW BEL·<br />
GIAN, ITALIAH, AND WEST GERMAN LEGISLAT~ON AND<br />
PENAL CODES DEAl,ING WITH TERRORISTS AND TERRORIST<br />
ACTS. THE SUMMARIES CONCLUDE WITH TWO PAPERS ON<br />
INTERNATIONAL ANTITERRORISM EFFORTS BY THE UNITED<br />
NATIONS AND INTERNATIONAL ANTITERRORIST "GRElE:<br />
MENTS FROM THE 1937 GENEVA CONVENTION TO THE 191'.'<br />
COUNCIL OF EUROPE CONVENTION.<br />
1IpoMor'1I Agency: US DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE LEAA NA·<br />
TIONALiNSTITUTE'OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL<br />
JUSTICE 633 INDIANA AVENUE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20531.<br />
AV......itr. NCJRS MICROFICHE PROGRAM. NCJRS.<br />
Ii JAIL lASED INMATE PROQRAMS-A SELECTED <strong>II</strong>IUOGRA·<br />
• PHY. M. LEVINE lind M. KRAVITZ, Ecia. NATIONAL CRIMI·<br />
NAL JUSTICE REFERENCE SERVICE, BOX 6000, ROCKVILLE<br />
MD 20850. 28 p. 1979. HCHC331<br />
THIS ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR CORRECTIONS rER·<br />
SONNEL INCLUDES SECTIONS ON JAIL MANAGEMENT AND<br />
MINIMUM STANDARDS, BROAD-BASED PROGRAM DESIGNS,<br />
AND HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WORK·RELEASE PROGRAMS.<br />
CURRENT AVAILABLE EVIDENCE SHOWS THAT 36 PERCENT<br />
OF ALL INOIVIDUALS INCARCERATED IN THE UNITED STATES<br />
ARE HELD IN LOCAL JAILS. TO EFFECTIVELY TREAT IN·<br />
MATES, THESE JAILs SHOULD HAVE PROGRAMS OF SUFFI·<br />
CIENT LENGTH AND C.ONTINUITY. Al.THOUGH NOT ALL COM·<br />
MUNITIES VIEW THE JAIL AS A P~CE FOR TREATMENT, SEV·<br />
ERAL INNOVATIVE PROGRAM DESIGNS HAVE BEEN DEVEL·<br />
OPED THAT SERVE AS A BRIDGE BETWEEN CONFINEMENT<br />
AND FREEDOM. THiS BIBLIOGRAPHY HAS BEEN COMPILED<br />
TO PROVIDE AN OVERVIEW OF WHAT HAS BEEN ATTEMPTED<br />
AND ACCOMPLISHED IN THE FIELD. CITATIONS ARE AR·<br />
RANGED BY TOPIC AND COVER PRINCIPLES AND STAND·<br />
ARDS FOR EFFECTIVE JAIL OPERATIONS, DESCRIPTIOi"S OF<br />
PROGRAMS WITH MULTITREATMENT ELEMENTS, I'CCOUNTS<br />
OF PROGRAMS DESIGNED SPECIFICALLY FOR FEMALE OF·<br />
FENDERS, ANALYSES OF THE NEED FOR HEALTH AND MEDI·<br />
,<br />
.,
~UROR<br />
PUBUCATIONS<br />
OF THE NIJ<br />
NATIONAL<br />
•<br />
CAL. PROGRAMS, MINIMUM STANDARDS FOR NUTRITION,<br />
SUBSTANCE ABUSE; AND MEDICAL CARE, DESCRIPTIONS OF<br />
ACADEMIC, VOCATIONAl: SKIl:l:, WORK RELEASE, AND JOB<br />
PLACE.MJ:NT PROGRAMS. STATE·OF·THE·ART DOCUMENTS<br />
~,EGARDING AMERICAN JAIL SYSTEMS, AND SUGGESTIONS<br />
FOR CHANGE, INCLUDiNG ALTERNATIVES TO INCARCER.<br />
ATION. ,ALL DOCUME~TS CITED IN THIS BIBLIOGRAPHY HAVE<br />
BEEN SELECTED FROM THE NCJRS DATA BASE. EACH C/TA.<br />
TION INCLUDES AN ABSTRACT; INFORMATION IS INCLUDED<br />
ON OBTAINING THESE DOCUMENTS, AND AN AUTHOR INDEX<br />
IS APPENCE/?<br />
Ii<br />
s,a"... A88fICY: US DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE LEAA NA.<br />
T/ONAl INSTlrUTE OF LAW ENFORCEM1;NT AND CRIMINAL<br />
JU$TICE, 633 INDIANA AVl;ff;)E NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20531-<br />
~V<strong>II</strong><strong>II</strong><strong>II</strong>b<strong>II</strong>Ity: GPO. Stock Or~ No. 027.()()O.{)088.C-4. NCJRS.<br />
'2. JUROR RESPONsE TO PRER£CORD£D "'D£OTAP£ TRIAlS.<br />
IJJ E. <strong>II</strong>. RO<strong>II</strong>£RTSoN. US DEPAFlTMENT OF COMMERCE<br />
• NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS LAW ENFORCEMENT<br />
STANDARDS LABORATORY, WASHINGTON DC 20234. 30 p.<br />
1979. NCJ.5t301<br />
AN ANALYSIS IS "ROVIDED OF RESPONSES TO AN ATTITU.<br />
DlNlJ, OUESTIONNAIRE RETURNED BY 278 JURORS WHO<br />
PARTICIPATED IN PRERECORDED VIDEOTAPED (PAVTT) CIvil<br />
TAIALS CONDUCTED IN OHIO IN 1975 AND 1978. OHIO WAS<br />
THE FIRST STATE TO EXTEND THE USE OF VIDEOTAPE<br />
BEYOND THE RECORDING OF DEPOSITIONS. THE FIRST 'OF<br />
.MANY PAVTT'S WAs HELD IN THE SANOUSKY, OHIO, COURT<br />
OF COMMON PLEAS ON NOVEMBER 18, 1971. THE TRIALS TO<br />
WHICH THIS APPROACH WAS APPLIED DIFFERED FROM 00.<br />
DiNARY TRIALS IN TWO MAJOR RESPECTS: (1) THE WIT.<br />
NESSES' TESTIMONY HAD BEEN PRERECORDED FOR TRIAL<br />
PRESENTATION. TO EVALUATE JUROR ACCEPTANCE, A<br />
"·PAGE F~M CONTAINING 24 QUESTIONS (APPENDED) WAS<br />
MAILED TO EACH MEMBER 0.
OF THENIJ<br />
f,f-- ;-~<br />
-~;.-¥/<br />
"EIGHeORHQOP<br />
I,<br />
IC TERM 'PROPERTY CRIMES'; AND (4) SI;VERAL COLLATER· '1. NATIONAL INSTITIJTI: HOST', PROC.JRAM~SHARINQ ADo,<br />
ALLY Ri:LATED TERMS, INCLUDING 'FIRE DETECTION' AND YANCED CRIMINAL JUSTICE ImACTlCE8." PUBLIC 'TECH."<br />
'INCENDIAFI'( DEVICES.' AN EXPLANATION OF HOW TO USE NOLOGY, INC. 1140 CONNECTICUToAVENUE, NW, WASHING.<br />
THE Tt1ESAURUS IS PROVIDED.' TON 0020036. 12p. 1978. • ' HCJ.41031<br />
~..Agency: US DEP~RTMENTOF JUSTICE LEAA NA"'<br />
TlONAL INSTITUTE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT At-ID CRIMINAL<br />
JUSTICE. 633 INDIANA AVENUE NW. WASHINGTON;'llC 20531.<br />
THE NATIONAl,. INSTITUTE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AND<br />
CRIMINAL JUSTICE (NILECJ) HOST PROGRAM IS DeSIGNED<br />
TO FACILITATE TRANSFER OF INf:ORMATION ABOUT,EXEM.<br />
A"~ Nr9JRS ~1,cRbFICHE PROGRAM. ' c' PLARY CRIMINAL JUSTICEcPROJECTS THROUGH ONSrrE oa.<br />
') , SERVATION AND PARTICIPATION. HOST SITES AA~ CHOSEN<br />
fSI. NA~ EVALUATION PR9QRAM-PHASE " POLICE JU. , , O~ THE BASIS OF DEMONSTRATE[.I, EFFECTiVENESS IN RE.<br />
¥ENILE ,UNITS' STUDY-FINAL REPORT. By R. 19)IJCING""C~IM=~OB",>IMPBOVING THE ' ,<br />
RQY~-PlECZENI". US DEPAFlTMENT OF~US'TlCE LEAASYSTEM. COST.EFFECTI~.lENEss.L~AND' ","'''.'~T'''''"<br />
f ,NATIONAL INSTITUTE OHAW ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL ~ OTHER JURISDICTIONS. TO DATE, ONLY PRI;'I~~~~~~~~'~'"<br />
" ': UUST.,ICE, cf!3~ lNot~NAAVENl!E' NW'WAS'iiINGTON DC 20531 PASSED THE INTENSIVE ScREENING<br />
' '1J:i' DL
,.~ ".."~..,_ ~."",'.~-,,. ~,L'."··<br />
.<br />
",·::;C_="-co<br />
r ,NS<br />
. B,)' THE ARE PROVIDl:O.<br />
8DcNIMi<strong>II</strong>na<br />
OF JUSTI.CE LeM NA.<br />
.<br />
ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL<br />
AVENUE NW, WAS~,INGTON, DC 20531.<br />
NCJRS<br />
~~EG:oi=~~~~Order No. 027~-00839·9i<br />
~ .~.<br />
78. POLICE ioDY AR.-oR TESTING AND SU<strong>II</strong><strong>II</strong>MY OF PER.<br />
FOR<strong>II</strong>ANC£ TESTING DATA.. INTERNATIONAL ASSOCI.<br />
~~~U~ ~~'EFS OF ",POLICE, 11 FIRSTFIELD ROAD, GAITH.<br />
.~ :P..",:;.120760f-l"l 32 p. H)78. ,P-53tIl<br />
" POLI~9(jjjy ~~MOR Is TESTED AT THE EQUIPMENT<br />
CENTER IN GAf1'l1EASBURG, MD., AND RESULTS ARE 'RE.<br />
PORTED BY!,J)iE INTERNATIOt-,'AL ASSOCIATION OF CHIEFS<br />
. OF POUCj5 UACP). THIS IS THE FIRST OF MANY CONSUMER<br />
Pfl9D~ REPORTS ON LAW ENFORCEMENT eQUIPMENT ,.,'<br />
ISSUE." A~ A GUIDE FOR .QUALITY. PERFORMANCE AND .'<br />
E~MY. THE CONSUMER GUIDE .IS INTENDE.R'F6e,~, ~~""-<br />
~..!9E AQMINISTRATORS AND OFFICER~,.wt!O;;AAe>'CON"<br />
, ...,. .... ~P~TING ~IJRCH~E. ~)30DY'·AR..MOR;;AS RETESTING<br />
~', P BUSHED. TESTING 'I~F(JNOED BY, THE NATIONAL INSTI.<br />
:i.~UTE OF LAW .~,NFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL J.USTICE OF<br />
~2~L_~~_--:-JI!li~I~~~~~~I~~~J~·~~~~~~~rn~~<br />
28<br />
>_I-E.M AND IS CONDUCTED AT TI;1E LAW ENFORCEMENT =,<br />
$TANDARDS LABORAT~Y AT THE NATIONAL BUREAU· .oF<br />
ST~NRARDS IN GAITHERSBURG,MD. INFORM~TION AS TO<br />
THE TEST CENTER IT~LF, ITS ADVISORYCO~MlriEE AND<br />
. THE TESTING PROGRAM' ALONG WITH ,A CHART OF T!~E<br />
=RA~ IS/GIVEN IN THIS FJEPORT •.. ITIS EXPLAINED riAT<br />
. "BODY ARMOR WASDEVELOP.ED IN RESPONSE Ta THE<br />
,.,... ALARMING INCREASE IN ASSAULTS, SERIOUS INJURIES' AND ..<br />
g~THS INFLICTED ON LAW ENFOR~"'E~T PERSONNEL ON<br />
TV. MANY.ASSAULTS OCCUR IN FAMILY QUARRF.j,.INTER. .<br />
\<br />
A ,<br />
OF THENIJ<br />
'-><br />
Ii<br />
<strong>II</strong> "<br />
./<br />
{<br />
POLleE<br />
VENTION. JHE I3qQY ARMOR TE,STINGPROJECT BEGAN· IN MOD~S OF OPERATION UNITS, CORRUPTION, OISCRETION !N<br />
1976 WITH THE DEVELOP~ENT OF PERFORMANCE CRITE}!IA DRUG LAW ENFORCEMENT, THE' POLITICS OF DRlI.G LAW<br />
BY ,THE NAT~ONALI3UAEAU OF, STANDAR[)S, AND TESTS ENFORCEM~NT, AND MEASURING THE EFFECTS 'OF ,fN'·<br />
WERE PERFORMED BY· THE H.P: WHITE LABORATORY IN . FOACEMEf4T. TI-!E B!BLlOGRAPI-!Y CITES 2a5 SCHOLAR.!,ti ~F!~~<<br />
.. MARY'-qi"w.l .AND ';fHE DENVER R~SEARCH INSTITUTE IN TIC~S, DISSERTATIONS, GOVER~IMENT STUDIES)ffi~GAZiNE .<br />
. CQLORADOUSING WEAPONS.,SUCH AS 0.38 CALIBER OR ~~j'ICLE~, AND A FEW WORKS OF FICTION" BASEOO~b<br />
, - OTHER SMA!.LER'}NE"PONSOOMMoNLV USED AGAINST ,';STREET REPORTAGE .. THE LITER~TUR~ IS INc" ENGLISH,<br />
.. ",.POl:lCE;€ACFI'"GARMENT, Tj:STED UNDER STRICTLY CON.",-' MAINLY DISCl)SSES THEDF!l,IG~PRQBLEM IN TH~dJ.S., AND'<br />
_~__ ~"O--' TROLLED CONDJ:r.'gN$,~WA$ PlACED O~,A CLAY BLOC~!;:OF" HAS PUBLlCA"t:lQJ;IS p~JEcn~ETWEEN 1969,,1977. WORKS<br />
A ME,ASUAEDCQNSISTENCY AND TEMPERATUf.lIY."AND . ARE ARRANGED~!;?fIAI3ETICALLY BY AUTHOR. (AUTHOR<br />
FIRED UpON FIVE TIMES FROM A PRESCRf~D
, .,<br />
POLICE<br />
PUBLICATIONS<br />
OF THE NIJ<br />
PRE-RELEASE<br />
,',<br />
..<br />
, ,<br />
,.,1<br />
;'1<br />
I<br />
'I<br />
~<br />
.1<br />
·, , j',<br />
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(<br />
IMPROVE POLICE PATROL CAPABILITIES. UTILITY. SAFETY.<br />
ECONOMY. AND PRODUCTIVITY THROUGH MODIFICATION OF<br />
POLICE CRUISERS. A PROGRAM SUMMARY IS PRESENTED.<br />
INCLUDING DISCUSSIONS OF THE PROTOTYPE DEVELOP<br />
MENT. FIELD TEST PROGRAMS. VEHICLE CONFIGURATION<br />
IMPROVEMENT STUDIES. TEST SITE SELECTION, AND PRO.<br />
GRAM TERMINATION. THE SYSTEM DESCRIPTION COVERS<br />
MEASURES TAKEN TO IMPROVE ECONOMY, TO PROVIDE<br />
NECESSARY EMERGENCY WARNING AND SAFETY SYSTEMS<br />
AND TO ADD CAPABILITIES FOR IMPROVED PRODUCTIVIlY:<br />
THE DEVELOPMENT, FABRICATION. AND BENCH TEST OF<br />
THE PROTOTYPE IS DETAILED. ALONG WITH THE INTEGRA.<br />
TION OF ALL COMPONENTS AND SUBSYSTEMS INTO THE<br />
PROTOTYPE VEHICLE. THE RESULTING PROTOTYPE VEHICLE<br />
WAS OF COMPACT SIZE AND WAS SUCCESSFULLY RETRO.<br />
FITTED WITH FUEL AND DRIVER AIDS, IMPROVED BRAKES,<br />
UPDATED SEAT AND RESTRAINT SYSTEMS. AND SOPHISTI<br />
CATED MICROPROCESSOR CONTROLLED DIGITAL COMMUNI.<br />
CATIONS. DISPLAYS. AND DATA SYSTEMS. THE PLANNING<br />
AND SELECTION OF A FIELD TEST CONTRACTOR AND THE<br />
SUBSYSTEM COMPONENTS TO BE TESTED ARE DISCUSSED<br />
AS ARE THE DATA SOURCES AND ANALYSIS. TWENTY VEHI:<br />
CLES WERE SELECTED FOR RETROFITTING. TESTING, AND<br />
EVALUATION IN ACTUAL POLICE OPER,o.TIONS IN NEW OR.<br />
LEANS. LA .• AND DALLAS, TEX. VEHICLE CONFIGJRATION 1M.<br />
PROVEMENT STUDIES CONCERNING THE DESIGN OF- IM<br />
PROVED BODY CONFIGURATIONS ARE NOTED, FOLLOWED<br />
BY A STUDY OF A VEHICLE LOCATION SYSTEM AND AN AS<br />
SESSMENT OF DRIVE-TRAIN SYSTEMS FOR DUAL-MODE<br />
PERFORMANCE. A BIBLIOGRAPHY, PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE<br />
PROTOTYPE AND SYSTEM COMPONENTS. AND TABULAR<br />
DISPLAYS ARE PROVIDED. (AUTHOR ABSTRACT MODIFIED)<br />
Spi)nlOrfng Agency: US DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE LEM NA<br />
TIONAL INSTITUTE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL<br />
JUSTICE, 633 INDIANA AVENUE NW. WASHINGTON, DC 20531.<br />
AVlllabillty: NCJRS MICROFICHE PROGRAM.<br />
80. POLICE STRESS-A SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 5<br />
DUNCAN, R. N. BRENNER, Ind Y. KRAVITZ, Ed.. NATIONAL<br />
CRIMINAL JUSTICE REFERENCE SERVICE, BOX 0000, ROCK<br />
VILLE MD 20850. 96 p. 1979. NCJ.58352<br />
THE 113 DOCUMENTS IN THIS SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY<br />
GIVE AN OVERVIEW OF JOB-RELATED STRESS AMONG<br />
POLICE OFFICERS, EXAMINE THE CAUSAL FACTORS AND<br />
DESCRIBE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES TO REDUCE STRESS.<br />
THE DOCUMENTS DESCRIBE THE TYPES OF STRESS<br />
COMMON IN POLICE WORK, THE EFFECTS OF SUCH STRESS<br />
AND RESEARCH FINDINGS. IN ADDITION TO THE<br />
LIFE-ENDANGERING NATURE OF POLICE WORK, THE TYPES<br />
OF STRESS TREATED IN THE BIBLIOGRAPHY INCLUDE LOW<br />
SELF·ESTEEM, POOR POLICE-COMMUNITY RELATIONS, CON.<br />
FLICT SITUATIONS, SOCIAL ISOLATION, ORGANIZATIONAL<br />
PRACTICES, POOR PAY (WHICH MEANS AN OFFICER MUST<br />
MCONLIGHT), TRAINING AND EQUIPMENT PROBLEMS AND<br />
CIVIL LIABILITY PROBLEMS. THE MANAGEMENT' AP<br />
PROACHES DESCRIBED INCLUDE MORE EXPLICIT POLICIES<br />
IMPROVED EQUIPMENT AND TRAINING, ENLIGHTENED PER:<br />
SONNEL PRACTICES, PROFESSIONAL AND PEER COUNSEL<br />
ING, MI,)RE EFFECTIVE DISCIPLINE MEASURES, LESS EMPHA<br />
SIS ON MILITARY ORGANIZATION, PHYSICAL CONDITIONING<br />
TRAINING, REFINED SELECTION AND EDUCATION PROCE<br />
DURES. PROGRAMS FOR FAMILIES, AND SPECIFIC TRAINING<br />
IN STRESS MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES. MOST OF THE DQC..<br />
UMENTS WERE PUBLISHED BETWEEN 1972 AND '!)78 AND<br />
AL'. ARE INCLUDED IN THE COLLECTION OF THE h~TIONAL<br />
CRIMINAL JUSTICE REFERENCE SERVICE. EACH CITATION IN<br />
CLUDES lIN ABSTRACT AND BIBLIOGRAPHIC INFORMATION.<br />
AS A FUATHER AID, AN APPENDIX DESCRIBES 33 TRAINING<br />
FILMS THAT DEPICT STRESSFUL SITUATIONS (MAKING AN<br />
ARREST, HANDLING A DOMESTIC DISPUTE, MEDIATING A<br />
PROBLEM). PROMOTE SUCCESSFUL MANAGEMENT TECH-<br />
NIQUES. AND DISCUSS HUMAN RELATIONS IN GENERAL.<br />
LISTS OF SOURCES FOR BOTH THE DOCUMENTS AND THE<br />
FILMS ARE APPENDED.<br />
SponllOflng Agency: US DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE LEM NA.<br />
'lIONAL INSTITUTE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL<br />
JUSTICE. 633 INDIANA AVENUE NW, WASHINGTON. OC 20531.<br />
AVlllablllty: GPO Stock Order No. 027.000-00842-9: NCJRS<br />
MICROFICHE PROGRAM. NCJRS.<br />
81. POLICE UNIONS IN THE CIVIL SERVICE SETTING. :,ty J. H.<br />
BURPO. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION SERVICE. 1776 MASSA.<br />
CHUSETTS AVENUE. NW, WASHINGTON OC 20036. 4~ p.<br />
1979. NCJ-511255<br />
FOCUSING ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN POLICE<br />
UNIONS AND CIVIL SERVICE SYSTEMS, THIS PAPER EXAM.<br />
INES COLLECTIVE BARGAINING AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO THE<br />
CIVIL SERVICE SYSTEM. A STUDY BY THE PUBLIC ADMINIS<br />
TRATIVE SERVICE REVEALED THAT ALTHOUGH A SUBSTAN.<br />
TIAL MINORITY OF POLICE UNIONS AND PUBLIC ADMINIS.<br />
TRATORS FEEL THAT CIVIL SERVICE SYSTEMS INTERFERE<br />
WITH PERSONNEL ADMINISTRATION. MOST SUPPORT THE<br />
SYSTEM. <strong>II</strong>NION ATTEMPTS TO ALTER THE SYSTEM SHOULD<br />
REMAIN MINIMAL DUE TO PERCEIVED ADVANTAGES AND<br />
THE LACK OF ANY ALTERNATIVE TO THE CIVIL SERVICE<br />
SYSTEM. CURRENT INCREASING DEMAND FOR PRODUCTIVE<br />
PUBLIC SERVICES POINTS OUT THE NEED TO IMPROVE THE<br />
QUALITY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF POLICE SERVICES. NU<br />
MEROUS RECOMMENDATIONS FOR IMPROVING HIRING AND<br />
PROMOTION PRACTICES AND DISCIPLINARY POLICIES AND<br />
PROCEDURES ARE NOTED. SEVERAL REASONS FOR THE<br />
FAILURE OF CIVIL SERVICE CHANGES ARE OUTLINED.<br />
ALONG WITH A SUGGESTED ALTERNATIVE: UTILIZATION OF<br />
THE COLLECTIVE BARGAINING PROCESS FOR MORE PRO<br />
DUCTIVE METHODS OF HIRING, PROMOTING, AND DISCIPLIN.<br />
ING POLICE OFFICERS. A SUCCESSFUL EXAMPLE OF A COL<br />
LECTIVE 8A~r.,~INING AGREEMENT IN CORPUS CHRISTI<br />
TEX., IS DISCU~).'lED. AMONG THE CIVIL SERVICE PROVI:<br />
SIONS NEGOTIATED INTO THIS CITY'S POLICE COLLECTIVE<br />
BARGAINING AGREEMENT ARE PROMOTION AND DEMOTION<br />
OF ASSISTANT CHIEFS AND COMMANDERS, PROBATIONARY<br />
PERIODS FOR RECRUITS AND SUPERVISORS, SUSPENSION<br />
OF OFFICERS, REDUCTION IN THE POWER OF THE CIVIL<br />
SERVICE COMMISSION IN DISCIPLINARY CASES POWER OF<br />
ASSISTANT CHIEFS AND COMMANDERS TO RECOMMEND<br />
SUSPENSIONS, AND PROMOTIONS. ADDITIONAL ANALYSES<br />
OF THE CORPUS CHRISTI BARGAINING EXPERIENCE ARE EX.<br />
AMINED. FDOTNOTES ACCOMPANY THE TEXT.<br />
Sponaorlng Agency: US DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE LEM NA.<br />
TIONAL INSTITUTE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL<br />
JUSTICE, 633 INDIANA AVENUE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20531.<br />
AVllllblllty: GPO Stock Order No. 027.000.00859.3' NCJRS<br />
MICROFIC~1E PROGRAM.<br />
'<br />
'2. POLICING BY OBJECTIVES-A HANDBOOK FOR IMPROVING<br />
POLICE MANAGEMENT. 9y V. A. LUBANS Ind J M EDGAR<br />
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION, 266 Pl:ARL 'STREET<br />
ROOM 418, HARTFORD CT 06103. 26-4 p. 1979. '<br />
NCJ-45511<br />
POLICING BY OB.IECTIVES (PBO) IS A PROCESS OF PLAN.<br />
NING, EXECUTING, AND REVIEWING THE ACTIVITIES OF A<br />
POLICE ORGANIZATION IN RELATION TO SPECIFIC DESIRED<br />
RESULTS. BASED ON A PROCESS DESIGNED PRIMARILY FOR<br />
USE IN BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY, PBO HAS BEEN EXTEN<br />
SIVELY MODIFIED TO TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE EXTRAOROI.<br />
NARY MANAGEME'~T PROBLEMS INHERENT IN THE POLICE<br />
ENTERPRISE. THE TYPICAL PROBLEMS WHICH BESET THE<br />
POLICE MANAGER-L1TILE CONTROL OVER THE DEMAND<br />
FOR THE TYPES, TIMING, OR FREQUENCY OF SERVICES: RE.<br />
SUL TS WHICH ARE NOT EASILY MEASURED: BUDGET DECI.<br />
SIONS WHICH ARE OFTEN MADE OUTSIDE THE POLICE<br />
DEPARTMENT--ARE PROBLEMS WITH WHICH A<br />
BUSINESS·ORIENTED SYSTEM OF MANAGEMENT IS INCAPA-<br />
'f<br />
i<br />
,<br />
1,:<br />
BLE OF DEALING. PBO, ON THE OTHER HAND, ACKNOWL<br />
EDGES THESE AND THE MA~JY OTHER SPECIAL DIFFICUL<br />
TIES WHICH CHARACTERIZE THE DISTINCTIVE WORLD OF<br />
POLICE MANAGEMENT. TO MAKE THE NUMEROUS MODIFICA<br />
TIONS OF THE REQUISITE CONCEPTS AND PRACTICES. RE<br />
SEARCHERS STUDIED THE PRACTICAL EXPERIENCES OF 37<br />
POLICE ORGANIZATIONS NOW USING SOME FORM OF PBO.<br />
THE ADVICE AND OPINIONS OF A PANEL OF ADVISORS<br />
FROM THE POLICE WORLD AND THE BUSINESS AND ACA·<br />
DEMIC SECTORS WERE SOLICITED. THIS INFORMATION WAS<br />
THEN ORGANIZED AND SYNTHESIZED INTO A STEP·BY-STEP<br />
SYSTEM OF MANAGEMENT WHICH IS PRESENTED IN<br />
HOW-TO FORM. THE RESULT IS A GUIDE TO MODERN<br />
POLICE MANAGEMENT WRITTEN EXPRESSLY FOR THE<br />
ACTIVE AND WOUI.D-BE POLICE MANAGER WHICH EMPHA<br />
SIZES THE PRACTICE OF MANAGEMENT RATHER THAN MAN<br />
AGEMENT THEORY. EACH STEP IN THE PBO PROCESS IS<br />
PRESENTED. FROM THE DEVELOPMENT OF A DEPARTMENT<br />
AL MISSION TO THE FINAL ASSESSMENT OF RESULTS.<br />
CHAPTERS EXPLAIN THE BENEFITS OF PBO MANAGEMENT<br />
TO THE INDIVIDUAL MANAGER AND HIS ORGANIZATION:<br />
OUTLINE POSSIBLE APPROACHES TO IMPLEMENTATION: DIS<br />
CUSS PROBLEMS WHICH MAY ARISE, AND SOME WAYS THEY<br />
CAN BE AVOIDED OR OVERCOMEi AND OFFER SUGGES·<br />
TIONS AS TO HOW THE ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE<br />
MIGHT BE CHANGED TO MAKE PBO STILL MORE EFFECTIVE.<br />
DESCRIPTIONS OF PBO SYSTEMS IN ACTUAL OPERATION IN<br />
SEVERAL POLICE ORGANIZATIONS HAVE BEEN APPENDED<br />
TO SHOW THE v'ARIOUS WAYS PBO CAN BE EMPLOYED. AN<br />
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY IN ALSO INCLUDED.<br />
Sponaorlng Agency: US DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE LEM NA·<br />
TIONAL INSTITUTE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL<br />
JUSTICE, 633 INDIANA AVENUE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20531.<br />
AVllllblHty: SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION, 266<br />
PEARL STREET, ROOM 416, HARTFORD CT 06103.<br />
13. POLICING URBAN MASS TRANSIT SYSTEMS-PHASE 1 SUM·<br />
MARY REPORT. By L SIEGEL, M. MOLOF, W. MaY, J.<br />
STRACK, Ind F. JORDAN JR. MITRE CORPORATION, P 0<br />
BOX 208. BEDFORD MA 01730. 70 p. 1979.<br />
NCJ-t02.4<br />
THIS REPORT ASSESSES WHAT IS KNOWN ABOUT CRIME<br />
AND POLICING .RESPONSES ON URBAN MASS TRANSIT SYS<br />
TEMS. REPORT FINDINGS ARE BASED ON A LITERATURE<br />
SURVEY, SITE VISITS, AND INTERVIEWS. THE ASSESSMENT<br />
CONSISTS OF ANALYZING THE INTERACTIONS AMONG THE<br />
TRANSIT ENVIRONMENT, CRIME AND POLICING OPER<br />
ATIONS: EXAMINING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VARIOUS<br />
TRANSIT POLICING STRATEGIES AND SUPPORTIVE ANTI<br />
CRIME MEASURES: AND SUGGESTING NEW EVALUATIVE AND<br />
EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAMS. POLICE TRANSIT SYSTEMS USE<br />
A BROAD RANGE OF STRATEGIES INCLUDING POLICE OPER·<br />
ATIONS (UNIFORMED AND PLAINCLOTHES PATROL, DECOY,<br />
STAKEOUT), ELECTRONIC AND MECHANICAL COMMUNICA<br />
TION AND SECURITY DEVICES (2-WAY RADIO, TELEPHONES,<br />
CLOSED·CIRCUIT TELEVISION (CClV), SUPPORT ACTIVITIES<br />
(DRIVER EDUCATION, LIAISON WITH SCHOOLS, COURTS, AND<br />
NEIGHBORHOODS), TARGET HARDENING VIA ENVIRONMEN·<br />
TAL AND VEHICULAR REDESIGN (INCREASED LIGHTING, 1M·<br />
PROVED VISIBILITY, .EXACT FARE, AND SCRIP), AND SELEC·<br />
TIVE OPERATING ACTIONS (SKIPPING STOPS, CLOSING STA·<br />
TIONS, ELIMINATING RUNS, REDUCING THE NUMBER OF<br />
CARS IN A TRAIN). MANY SYSTEMS FOR IMPROVING POLICE<br />
EFFECTIVENESS HAVE USED MULTIPLE STRATEGIES IN THE<br />
BELIEF THAT A COMBINATION OF APPROACHES WILL BE<br />
MORE ECONOMICAL. THE BASIC ASSUMPTIONS THAT GUIDE<br />
TR~\NSIT POLICE ANTICRIME ACTIVITIES ARE SIMILAR TO<br />
THOSE IN GENERAL POLICING. BASED ON A REVIEW OF REL·<br />
EVANT LITERATURE, ON A SERIES OF 12 SITE VISITS, AND<br />
CONTINUING DISCUSSIONS WITH TRANSIT POLICE OFFI·<br />
CIALS, THIS STUDY FOUND THAT THE CRIME PROBLEM IN<br />
MASS TRANSIT ESSENTIALLY IS CONCENTRATED IN THE NA<br />
TION'S LARGE CITIES, THAT CERTAIN TYPES OF TRANSIT<br />
CRIME ARE MORE AMENABLE TO COfl!TROL THAN OTHERS,<br />
AND THAT METHODS OF FARE COLLECTION FREQUENTLY<br />
INFLUENCE THE SELECTION OF POLICING STRATEGIES. EN·<br />
VIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS SUCH AS AGE, POOR<br />
LIGHTING, MULTIPLE EXITS. AND RECESSED AREAS HINDER<br />
SURVEILLANCE. WHEREAS NEW STATIONS ARE DESIGNED<br />
TO INCREASE VISIBILITY AND IMPROVE ACCESS CONTROL.<br />
SUBSTANTIALLY INCREASED PATROLS GENERALLY REDUCE<br />
CRIME. AND STAKEOUT AND DECOY OPERATIONS ARE EF<br />
FECTIVE. OTHER POLICING ACTIVITIES HAVE NOT BEEN<br />
EVALUATED FORMALLY IN TERMS OF THEIR IMPACT ON<br />
TRANSIT CRIME. THE IMPACT OF VARIOUS POLICING STRAT<br />
EGIES ON PASSENGER PERCEPTIONS OF SECURITY ALSO<br />
ARE DISCUSSED. FOOTNOTES, CHARTS. AND A BIBLIOGRA<br />
PHY ARE INCLUDED.<br />
SUpplementil Not .. : SERIES A, NUMBER 23.<br />
Sponaorlng Agency: US DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE LEAA NA<br />
TIONAL INSTITUTE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL<br />
JUSTICE, 633 INDIANA AVENUE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20531.<br />
AVlllablllty: GPO. Stock Order No. 027-000-00858·5.<br />
14. PRE·RELEASE CENTER PROGRAM TEST DESIGN. US DE·<br />
PARTMENT OF JUSTICE LEM NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF LAW<br />
ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE, 633 INDIANA<br />
AVENUE NW. WASHINGTON, DC 20531. 22 p. 1978.<br />
NCJ-66869<br />
NILECJ IS SPONSORING A FIELD TEST OF PRERELEASE CEN·<br />
TERS AT A LIMITED NUMBER OF SITES. USING THIS PRO·<br />
GRAM TEST DESIGN AS A BASIS. THE TESTS SHOULD<br />
, ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A PROGRAM STRATEGY IN<br />
VARIOUS SETTINGS. THE GOAL OF THE TESTING EFFORT IS<br />
TO IDENTIFY AND TEST A SET OF FOUR PROGRAM COMPO·<br />
NENTS FOR COUNTY-BASED, CORRECTIONAL, PRERELEASE<br />
CENTERS. A MAJOR CONCERN IN THE REPLICABILITY m~<br />
THE COMPONENTS. THE COMPONENTS INCLUDE (1)<br />
COMMUNITY·BASED WORK OR EDUCATION RELEASE IN<br />
WHICH SENTENCED INMATES ARE RELEASED FOR EMPLOY·<br />
MENT AND EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES OPERATED BY THE<br />
COUNTY AND LOCATED IN A SEPARATE FACILITY OR UNIT:<br />
(2) CLIENT PARTICIPATION, LIMITED TO INMATES WHO HAVE<br />
BEEN SENTENCED TO SERVE TIME IN PRISONS OR JAILS: (3)<br />
COMPREHENSIVE SEHVICES, INCLUDING PROGRAM CON·<br />
TRACTS, TREATMENT SERVICES, AND FINANCIAL PAYMENT<br />
BY INMATES: AND (4) SUPERVISION WITH INCREASED FREE<br />
DOM BASED ON A GRADUATED RELEASE PROGRAM. PAR<br />
TICIPANT SUPERVISION, AND WRITTEN RULES AND ADMINIS·<br />
TRATIVE PROCESSES. THE PROGRAM TEST DESIGN IN·<br />
CLUDES f~ANDOM .4SSIGNMENT OF ALL SELECTED ELlG!BLE<br />
CLIENTS TO EXPERIMENTAL AND CONTROL GROUPS. A<br />
COMPARISON GROUP COMPOSED OF IN~4ATES NOT ELIGI·<br />
BLE FOR PROGRAM SERVICES, AND SEPARATE ANALYSES<br />
OF THE PERFORMANCES OF JAIL AND PRISON INMATES.<br />
THESE EVALUATIONS WILL SEEK TO DETERMINE THE PRO·<br />
GRAMS' IMPACT ON PARTICIPATING CLiENTS AND COMMUNI<br />
TY, WILL ASSESS THE ECONOMIC UTILITY OF THE PRO·<br />
GRAMS TO THE CRIMINAL JUISTICE SYSTEM, AND WILL IDEN·<br />
TIFY THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF MAJOR COMPONENTS. TO<br />
ASSURE THAT THE SELECTED TEST SITES PROVIDE COM·<br />
PREHENSIVE PROGRAMS CONSISTENT WITH THE TEST<br />
DESIGN, EACH SELECTED COUNTY CORRECTIONAL AGENCY<br />
WILL BE REQUIRED TO IMPLEMENT OR UPGRADE CERTAIN<br />
PROGRAMMATIC ELEMENTS. EACH PARTICIPATING COUNTY<br />
AGENCY WILL BE PROVIDED FUNDS TO COVER THE DEVEL·<br />
OPMENT OF THEIR CURRENTLY OPERATING PRERELEASE<br />
PROGRAM INTO ONE WHICH INCLUDES ALL THE PROGRAM<br />
TEST DESIGN ELEMENTS. FROM THE GRANT AWARD DATE,<br />
AGENCIES WILL BE EXPECTED TO COMPLETE THE PROJECT<br />
IN 18 MONTHS (3 MONTHS FOR PLANNING AND 12·15<br />
Ji<br />
,"\<br />
. "~<br />
29
__--______ ~~--____________ _~------~~.~c~,~ ----~q,~______ ~ ____________________----~~--~--------.--~--~--------~- -----<br />
r-<br />
--------- ------.--------<br />
, .,<br />
PRETRIAL<br />
PUBLICATIONS<br />
OF THE NIJ<br />
REDUCING<br />
, j}<br />
I,<br />
i<br />
L'<br />
Ii<br />
i<br />
I,<br />
r<br />
f;<br />
MONTHS FOR IMPLEMENTATION). SITE SELECTION CRITERIA<br />
ARE LISTED.<br />
AVlllablllty: GPO. Slock Order No. 027·000·00927·1.<br />
IS. PFiETRIAL SETTLEMENT CONFERENCE-AN EVALUATION<br />
REPORT. By W. It. KERSETTER Ind A. M. HEINZ. UNI·<br />
VERSITY OF CHICAGO CENTER FOR STUDIES IN CRIMINAL<br />
JUSTICE, 1111 EAST 60TH STREET, CHICAGO IL 60637. 203<br />
p. 1979. NCJ·56175<br />
DIRECTED AT BOTH CRIMINAL JUSTICE PRACTITIONERS AND<br />
RESEARCHERS, THIS STUDY OUTLINES A DADE COUNTY,<br />
FLA., PROPOSAL TO VOLUNTARILY INVOLVE VICTIMS, DE·<br />
FENDANTS, AND POLICE IN JUDICIAL PLEA NEGOTIATION<br />
CONFERENCES. SUPPORTED BY LEAA, THE STUDY HAD SEV·<br />
ERAL OBJECTIVES: (1) TO DETERMINE WHETHER PRETRIAL<br />
SETTLEMENT CONFERENCES WERE A FEASIBLE CASE DIS·<br />
POSITION PROCEDURE IN A MAJOR URBAN AREA FELONY<br />
COURT: (2) TO MAKE A PRELIMINARY DETERMINATION OF<br />
THE PROCEDURE'S IMPACT ON CASE PROCESSING AND DIS·<br />
POSITION: AND (3) TO ASSESS THE IMPACT OF THE CONFER·<br />
ENCE ON THE JUDGES, ATTORNEYS, VICTIMS, DEFENDANTS,<br />
AND POLICE INVOLVED. THE FIELD EXPERIMENT IN DADE<br />
COUNTY PROPOSED THAT ALL PLEA NEGOTIATIONS TAKE<br />
PI.ACE IN FRONT OF A JUDGE AND THAT THE VICTIM, DE·<br />
FENDANT, AND POLICE OFFICER BE INVITED. THE CONFER·<br />
ENCES WERE BRIEF, BUT GENERALLY REACHED .IT LEAST<br />
AN OUTLINE OF A SETTLEMENT. THEY USUALLY INCLUDED<br />
AT LEAST ONE LAY PARTY, ALTHOUGH THE ATTENDANCE<br />
RATES FOR THE VICTIM AND POLICE OFFICER WERE LOW.<br />
THE CHANGE IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE PLEA PROCESS<br />
REDUCED THE TIME INVOLVED IN CLEARING CASES BY LOW·<br />
ERING THE INFORJ.'ATION AND DECISION MAKING COSTS TO<br />
THE JUDGES AND ATTORNEYS. NO SIGNIFICANT CHANGES<br />
IN THE SETTLEMENT RATE OR IN THE IMPOSITION OF CRIMI·<br />
NAL SANCTIONS WERE NOTED. THERE WAS SOME EVI·<br />
DENCE THAT THE POLICE AND, TO SOME EXTENT, THE VIC·<br />
TIMS WHO ATTENDED THE SESSIONS OBTAINED MORE IN·<br />
FORMATION AND HAD MORE POSITIVE ATTITUDES ABOUT<br />
THE WAY THE CASES WERE HANDLED. A BRIEF BACK·<br />
GROUND DISCUSSION AND LITERATURE ARE PROVIDED,<br />
ALONG WITH A DESCRIPTION OF THE FULL PRETr:lj~L SET·<br />
TI.EMENT CONFERENCE PROPOSAL AND ITS RATIONALE.<br />
THE ISSUES ADDRESSED IN IMPLEMENTING THE PROPOSAL<br />
ARE DISCUSSED, AS ARE THE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY,<br />
FINDINGS, AND IMPLICATIONS. TABULAR AND GRAPHIC<br />
DATA ARE PROVIDED. THE SAM~LE PROCEDURE AND IN·<br />
STRUMENTS ARE APPENDED.<br />
Spontorlng Agency: US DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE LEAA NA·<br />
TIONAL INSTITUTE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL<br />
JUSTICE, 633 INDIANA AVENUE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20531.<br />
AVllllblllty: GPO Slock Order No. 027·000·00818·6: NCJRS<br />
MICROFICHE PROGRAM. NCJRS.<br />
Ie. PRISON GRIEVANCE MECHANISMS-MANUAL. By J. M.<br />
KEATING. CENTER FOR COMMUNITY JUSTICE, 918 18TH<br />
STREET NW, WASHINGTON DC 20006. 89 p. 1977.<br />
NCJ·43402<br />
THIS BASIC REFERENCE WORK PROVIDES AN OVERALL<br />
VIEW OF THE PROCEDURES THAT COMPRISE AN EFFECTIVE<br />
PRISON GRIEVANCE MECHANISM, AS WELL AS PRINCIPLES<br />
AND GUIDELINES FOR DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A<br />
MECHANISM. THE MANUAL DISCUSSES THE NEED FOR<br />
PRISON GRIEVANCE MECHANISMS AND PRINCIPLES OF ES·<br />
TABLISHING AN EFFECTIVE GRIEVANCE MECHANISM<br />
(DESIGN PRINCIPLES, MODEL MECHANISMS BASED ON THE<br />
DESIGN PRINCIPLES, AND iMPLEMENTATION PRINCIPLES),<br />
ALSO PRESENTED ARE BA&Iv REASONS FOR ESTABLISHING<br />
AN EFFECTIVE GRIEVANCE MECHANISM, A RESPONSE TO<br />
PRINCIPAL OBJECTIONS AGAINST THE INTRODUCTION OF<br />
AN EFFECTIVE MECHANISM, AND THE PROCESS OF IMPLE·<br />
MENTING A GRIEVANCE MECHANISM BASED ON DESIGN<br />
PRINCIPLES.<br />
Supplementll Not ..: EXECUTIVE TRAINING PROGRAM IN AD·<br />
VANCED CRIMINAL JUSTICE PRACTICES.<br />
Span,orlng Aglncl ..: US DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE OFFICE<br />
OF DEVELOPMENT, TESTING AND DISSEMINATION, 633 INDI·<br />
ANA AVENUE, WASHINGTON DC 20531: UNIVERSITY RE·<br />
SEARCH CORPORATION, 5530 WISCONSIN AVENUE, WASH·<br />
INGTON DC.<br />
AVlnlbUlty: NCJRS MICROFICHE PROGRAM.<br />
17. PRISON GRIEVANCE MECHANISMS-PARTICIPANT'S HAND<br />
BOOK. By J. M. KEATING. CENYER FOR COMMUNITY<br />
JUSTICE, 918 16TH STREET NW, WASHINGTON DC 20006.<br />
69 p. 1977. NCJ·40306<br />
TRAINING SESSION OFFERS AIDS TO PARTICIPANTS IN THE<br />
RES,)LUTION OF PRISONERS' GRIEVANCES. A NUMBER OF<br />
GUIDES ARE PRESENTED THAT ARE HELPFUL IN ESTABLISH·<br />
ING A GRIEVANCE MECHANISM. SOME OF THESE INVOLVE<br />
WRITIEN RESPONSES, INCLUDING THE REASON FOR THE<br />
DECISION WHICH MUST BE GIVEN FOR All GRIEVANCES.<br />
GRIEVANCES MUST SE ANSWERED WITHIN PRESCRIBED,<br />
REASONABLE TIME LIMITS: SPECIAL PROVISIONS MUST BE<br />
MADE FOR RESPONDING TO EMERGENCIES: AND OUTSIDE<br />
REVIEW OF GRIEVANCES MUST BE AVAILABLE. VARIOUS<br />
LEVELS OF THE GRIEVANCE PROCEDURE ARE GIVEN, AND<br />
SAMPLE GRIEVANCES ARE INCLUDED.<br />
Supplem.nlll Not .. : NATIONAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE EXECU·<br />
TIVE TRAINING PROGRAM.<br />
SponlOring Agency: US DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE OFFICE<br />
OF DEVELOPMENT, TESTING AND DISSEMINATION, 633 INDI·<br />
ANA AVENUE, WASHINGTON DC 20531.<br />
AVlnlbUlIy: NCJRS MICROFICHE PROGRAM.<br />
88. PRISON GRIEVANCE MECHANISMS-TRAINER'S HAND<br />
BOOK. By J. M. KEATING. UNIVERSITY RESEARCH COR·<br />
PORATION, 5530 WISCONSIN AVENUE, WASHINGTON DC.<br />
140 p. 1977. NCJ·S4148<br />
PART OF LEAA'S EXECUTIVE TRAINING PROGRAM IN AD·<br />
VANCED CRIMINAL JUSTICE PRACTICES, THIS TRAINER'S<br />
MANUAL OUTLINES WORKSHOP SESSIONS ON DEVELOPING<br />
AND IMPLEMENTING PRISONER GRIEVANCE MECHANISMS.<br />
THE 10·SESSION, a·DAY WORKSHOP IS DESIGNED TO HELP<br />
PARTICIPANTS GAIN AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE PRINCI·<br />
PLES ESSENTIAL TO CREATING EFFECTIVE PRISON GRIEV·<br />
ANCE MECHANISMS, AN AWARENESS OF THE POTENTIAL<br />
BENEFITS·DIRECT AND INDIRECT··OF EFFECTIVE GRIEVANCE<br />
MECHANISMS, AN AP?RECIATION OF THE IMPORTANCE OF<br />
THOROUGH PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION, A GRASP OF<br />
THE TECHNIQUES THAT ARE HELPFUL IN SOLVING PROB·<br />
LEMS OF PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION, AND A KNOWl·<br />
EDGE OF THE RESOURCES AVAILAfJlE NATIONALLY, RE·<br />
GIONALL Y, AND LOCALLY TO CORRECTIONAL SYSTEMS<br />
ABOUT TO IMPLEMENT GRIEVANCE MECHANISMS. FOCUS·<br />
ING SOLELY ON THE TRAINER'S ROLE, THE MANUAL LISTS<br />
THE GOALS OF EACH WORKSHOP SESSION, ALONG WITH<br />
THE PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES, INSTRUCTIONAL METH·<br />
ODS, AND MATERIALS/LOGISTICS PRIMARY TO THE SES·<br />
SION'S SELECTED TOPIC. THE MANUAL IS INTENDED AS AN<br />
AID TO SESSION MANAGERS IN GUIDING THE PARTICIPANTS<br />
IN APPROACHING, DISCUSSING, AND DEVELOPING DESIGN,<br />
IMPLEMENTATION, AND EVALUATION PRINCIPLES RELATIVE<br />
TO EFFECTIVE INMATE GRIEVANCE MECHANISMS. SEE ALSO<br />
NCJ 40306 AND 43402.<br />
Suppllmentll Not ..: FROM THE EXECUTIVE TRAINING PRO·<br />
GRAM IN ADVANCED CRIMINAL JUSTICE PRACTICES.<br />
SponlOrlng Agency: US DEPARTMEI~r OF JUSTICE OFFICE<br />
OF DEVELOPMENT, TESTING AND DISSEMINATION, 633 INDI.<br />
ANA AVENUE, WASHINGTON DC 20531.<br />
AVllllbUlly: NCJRS MICROFICHE PROGRAM.<br />
18. PUBLICATIONS OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF LAW EN.<br />
FORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE-A COMPREHENSIVE<br />
BIBLIOGRAPHY 1878 SUPPLEMENT. J. FERRY Ind M. KRA.<br />
VITZ, Edl. NATIONAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE REFERENCE<br />
SERVICE, BOX 6000, ROCKVILLE MD 20850. 124 p. 1979.<br />
NCJ·S7N7<br />
THIS ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY REPRESENTS THE FIRST<br />
ANNUAL SUPPLEMENT TO AN EARLIER, COMPREHENSIVE<br />
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MATERIALS PUBLISHED BY THE NATION.<br />
Al IN5TITUTE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL JUS.<br />
TICE BETWEEN 1968 AND 1977. CONTAINING CITATIONS FOR<br />
SEVERAL PRE·1978 DOCUMENTS AND ALL DOCUMENTS PU9.<br />
LlSHED FOR DISTRIBUTION THROUGH THE U.S. GOVERN.<br />
MENT PRINTING OFFICE OR THE NATIONAL CRIMINAL JUS.<br />
TICE REFERENCE SERVICE IN 1978, THIS COMPENDIUM PAO.<br />
VIDES BOTH SUBJECT AND TITLE INDEXES TO ASSIST RE.<br />
SEARCHERS. IN THE FIRST SECTION, 136 CITATIONS ARE<br />
liSTED BY NCJRS DATA BASE NUMBERS··AN IDENTIFYING<br />
CODE ASSIGNED TO EACH DOCUMENT AS.lT 'ENTERS THE<br />
NATIONAL INSTITUTE'S COMPUTER SYSTEM. COMPLETE BIB.<br />
LlOGRAPHIC CITATIONS, AVAILABILITY INFORMATION, AND<br />
ABSTRACTS ARE PROVIDED FOR EACH DOCUMENT. THE<br />
NEXT SECTION CONTAINS LISTINGS OF SEVERAL SPECIAL.<br />
IZED TYPES OF PUBLICATIONS: (1) PRESCRIPTIVE PACKAGES<br />
AND PROGRAM MODELS··COMPILATION OF THE MOST SUC·<br />
CESSFUl APPROACHES TO PARTICULAR CRIMINAL JUSTICE<br />
PROBLEMS: (2) NATIONAL EVALUATION<br />
PROGRAMS-PRACTICAL INFORMATION ON THE EFFECTIVE·<br />
NESS, COST, AND PROBLEMS OF CERTAIN WIDELY tidED<br />
CAIMINAl JUSTICE PROGRAMS: (3) EXEMPLARY<br />
PROJECTS·.QUTSTANDING LOCAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE PRO·<br />
JECTS SUITABLE FOR ADAPTATION TO OTHER COMMUNI·<br />
TIES: AND (4) SELECTED BIBlIOGRAPHIES··TOPICAl BIBLIOG.<br />
RAPHIES THAT REFLECT CURRENT INTERESTS AND DEVEl·<br />
OPMENTS IN LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE.<br />
THESE CITATIONS ARE liSTED ALPHABETICALLY, ALTHOUGH<br />
NCJRS DATA BASE ACCESS NUMBERS ARE INCLUDED. IN·<br />
FORMATION ON HOW TO OBTAIN THE CITED MATERIALS IS<br />
ALSO PROVIDED.<br />
Spontorlng Agency: US DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE lEAA NA·<br />
TIONAl INSTITUTE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL<br />
JUSTICE, 633 INDIANA AVENUE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20531,<br />
AVllllblllty: GPO. Stock Order No. 027-
- ~~. -, -- ~'~~ -.~, ...... "I'qI:a ... ;' " . .- "'''~'''~'''V " ~<br />
·-.;i*,t~"<br />
,<br />
"<br />
RESTITUTION<br />
PUBLICATIONS<br />
OF THE NIJ<br />
SELECTION<br />
PROJECT CONDUCTED IN AN URBAN RESIDENTiAL NEIGH·<br />
BORHOOD IN HARTFORD, CONN. BEGUN IN 1973, THE HART·<br />
FORD PROJECT SET OUT TO ASSESS THE NATURE OF<br />
CRIME IN THE NORTH ASYLUM HILL' TARGET AREA AND TO<br />
IDENTIFY ITS' CONTRIBUTING FACTORS. THE PREMISE OF<br />
THE: PROJECT WAS THAT THE ANALYSIS OF THE PROBLEM<br />
AND THE PROPOSED SOLUTION SHOULD TAKE INTO AC.<br />
COUNT THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT, THE POLICE AND THE<br />
CITIZENS, AND THAT AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO CRIME<br />
REDUCTION WAS MORE LIKELY TO SUCCEED THAN AN AP.<br />
PROACH THAT OMITTED EITHER THE PHYSICAL DESIGN, THE<br />
POLICE, OR COMMUNITY RESIDENTS. A NUMBER OF FEA.<br />
TURES OF THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT CONTRIBUTED TO<br />
THE BREAKDOWN OF THE NEIGHBORHOOD'S RESIDENTIAL<br />
CHARACTER. CARS AND PEDESTRIANS PASSING THROUGH<br />
THE AREA DOMINATED THE STREETS AND DEPERSONAL.<br />
IZED THEM. THE STREETS BELONGED MORE TO OUTSIDERS<br />
THAN TO RESIDENTS, CREATING AN IDEAL ENVIRONMENT<br />
FOR POTENTIAL OFFENDERS. TO REDUCE CRIME IN THE<br />
AREA, A THREE·PART PROGRAM, IMPLEMENTED IN 1976, IN.<br />
CLUDED (1) CLOSING AND NARROWED STREETS TO REDUCE<br />
OUTSIDE TRAFFIC AND INCREASE RESIDENTIAL CHARAC.<br />
TER; (2) INSTITUTING A NEIGHBORHOOD POLICE UNIT WITH<br />
STRONG RELATIONSHIPS TO THE RESIDENTS; (3) CREATING<br />
AND ENCOURAGING AREA ORGANIZATIONS TO WORK WITH<br />
POLICE AND TO INITIATE RESIDENTS EFFORTS TO IMPROVE<br />
THE NEIGHBORHOOD. AFTER 1 YEAR OF THE PROGRAM AN<br />
EVALUATION REIiEALED THAT BURGLARY HAD DECREASED<br />
BY 42 PERCENT IN THE TARGET AREA, INSTANCES OF ROB.<br />
BERY (PURSE SNATCHING) WERE REDUCED BY 28 PERCENT,<br />
AND FEAR OF BURGLARY AND ROBBERY HAD DECREASED<br />
AS WELL. ALL OF THE PROGRAM COMPONENTS PLAYED A<br />
ROLE IN REDUCING CRIME, ALTHOUGH INCREASED RESI.<br />
DENT USE OF NEIGHBORHOOD STREETS AND OPEN SPACES<br />
AND INCREASED EFFORTS TO CONTROL NEIGHBORHOOD<br />
ACTIVITY APPEARED TO BE THE MOST SIGNIFICANT REA.<br />
SONS FC'R THE INITIAL SUCCESS OF THE PROGRAM. THE<br />
PHYSICAL CHANGES THAT WERE IMPLEMENTED APPEARED<br />
TO BE ESSENTIAL IN ACHIEVING SUCCESSFUL RESULTS. EX.<br />
TENSIVE STATISTICAL DATA AND REFEAENCE NOTES AC.<br />
COMPANY THE TEXT.<br />
8ponIO<strong>II</strong>ng Agency: US DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE LEAA NA.<br />
TIONAl INSTITUTE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL<br />
JUSTICE, 633 INDIANA AVENUE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20531.<br />
Avlllleblllty: GPO Stock Order No. 027.()()().()()877.1· NCJRS<br />
MICROFICHE PROGRAM.<br />
'<br />
'3. RESTITUTION-A SELECTED BIBUOGRAPHY. A. A. CAIN<br />
end M. KRAVITZ, E'-. NATIONAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE REF.<br />
ERENCE SERVICE, BOX 6000, ROCKVILLE MD 20850. 64 p.<br />
1979. NCJ-62011<br />
THIS ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY HAS BEEN COMPILED<br />
FROM THE DATA BASE OF THE NATIONAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE<br />
REFERENCE SERVICE TO HIGHLIGHT THE GROWING LITERA.<br />
TURE ON RESTITUTION. RESTITUTION IS A SENTENCING AL.<br />
TERNATIVE THAT REQUIRES THE OFFENDER TO MAKE A<br />
MONEY OR SERVICE PAYMENT TO THE VICTIMS OF THE<br />
CRIME OR TO SUaSTITUTE VICTIMS. IN MANY RESTITUTION<br />
PROGRAMS THE OFFENDER IS REQUIRED TO COMPENSATE<br />
THE VICTIM FOR DAMAGE OR LOSS SUFFERED AS A RESULT<br />
OF THE CRIMINAL ACT. PROPONI:NTS OF THESE PROGRAMS<br />
POINT TO THEIR DUAL BENEFITS: OFFENDERS ARE MADE<br />
MORE RESPONSIBLE FOR THEIR CRIMES, AND THE<br />
LONG·FORGOTTEN VICTIMS RECEIVE SOME ATTENTION AND<br />
BENEFITS FROM THE PERPETRATORS OF CRIMES AGAINST<br />
THEM. WHEN THE OFFENDER IS SENTENCED TO COMMUNI.<br />
TY SERVICE, SOCIETY AS A WHOL':: RECEIVES REPARATIONS<br />
FROM THE OFFENDER. RESTITUTION CAN BE IMPOSED AS<br />
AN ALTERNATIVE SENTENCE OR AS A SUPPLEMENTAL SEN.<br />
TENCE. THE 77 ENTRIES OF THIS ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRA.<br />
PHY ARE GROUPED IN THE FOLLOWING SECTIONS: OVER.<br />
VIEW, RESTITUTION THEORY, AND RESTITUTION PROGRAMS.<br />
ENTRIES ARE DATED FROM 1972 TO 1978 AND INCLUDE<br />
BOOKS, JOURNAL ARTICLES, PROGRAM REPORTS, AND RE.<br />
SEARCH REPORTS. ALL ENTRIES ARE IN ENGLISH; MOST<br />
ORIGINATE IN THE UNITED STATES, AND A FEW COME FROM<br />
CANADA. INFORMATION IS INCLUDED ON HOW TO OBTAIN<br />
THE DOCUMENTS CITED. THE APPENDIXES CONTAIN A LIST<br />
OF SOURCES AND A LIST OF LEAA GRANT FlECIPIENTS.<br />
(AUTHOR ABSTRACT MODIFIED)<br />
SponlOring Agency: US DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE LEAA NA.<br />
TIONAL INSTITUTE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL<br />
JUSTICE, 633 INDIANA AVENUE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20531.<br />
AVlllablllly: GPO. Stock Order No. 027·000-00883-6. NCJRS.<br />
114. SCHOOL CRIME-THE PROBLEM AND SOME ATTEMPTED<br />
SOLUTIONS. US DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE LEM NATION.<br />
AL INSTITUTE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL JUS<br />
TICE, 633 INDIANA AVENUE NW, WASHINGTON, DC .20531.<br />
16 p. 1979. tlCStHOl<br />
ALTHOUGH THE NATIONAL iNSTITUTE OF EDUCATION SAFE<br />
SCHOOLS STUDY PRESENTS SOME ALARMING STATISTICS<br />
ABOUT SCHOOL CRIME, IT ALSO CHALLENGES A NUMBER<br />
OF ASSUMPTIONS ABOUT THE EXTENT OF SUCH CRIME.<br />
OVER 61,000 TEACHERS WERE PHYSICALLY ASSAULTED IN<br />
1976; AN ESTIMATED 282,000 JUNIOR AND SENIOR HIGH<br />
SCHOOL STUDENTS ARE ATTACKED EACH MONTH AND<br />
112,000 ARE ROBBED; SCHOOL VANDALISM COSTS RANGE<br />
FROM $50· TO $6OO·MILLION ANNUALLY. YET RESEARCHERS<br />
HAVE ALSO FOUND THAT MOST ADMINISTRATORS BEl.IEVE<br />
VIOLENCE AND VANDALISM HAVE LEVELED OFF IN THE LAST<br />
5 YEARS, THAT MOST PROBLEMS OF VIOLENCE IN THE<br />
SCHOOLS ARE NOT CAUSED BY OUTSIDERS, THAT THE<br />
FEAR OF CRIME MAY BE MORE DAMAGING THAN ACTUAL<br />
CRIMINAL ACTS, AND THAT THE CRIME PROBLEM CAN BE<br />
REDUCED THROUGH SPECIFIC PROGRAM CHANGES. SUG.<br />
GESTED STRATEGIES INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING: THE HARD.<br />
WARE APPROACH WHICH EMPHASIZES BUILDING SECURITV<br />
AND ENLISTS THE HELP OF POLICE IN COMBATING CRIME,<br />
THE PREVENTIVE APPROACH WHICH EMPHASI2ES HIGHLY<br />
VISIBLE SURVEILLANCE PERSONNEL AND HARDWARE, THE<br />
CORRECTIVE VIEW WHICH UNDERLINES ATTENTION TO DIS<br />
CIPLINARY PROCEDURES AND CURRICULUM, THE INTER.<br />
AGENCY APPROACH THAT DRAWS ON PUBLIC OR PRIVATE<br />
AGENCY PERSONNEL FOR YOUTH SERVICES, AND THE INTE.<br />
GRATIVE APPROACH WHICH TRANSFORMS SCHOOL CON.<br />
FLICT INTO AN OPPORTUNITY FOR STUDY. COMMUNITY<br />
GROUPS INTERESTED IN REDUCING SCHOOL CRIME CAN<br />
CONTACT THE NEW SCHOOL RESOURCE NETWORK,<br />
FUNDED BY THE LEAA OFFICE OF JUVENILE JUSTICE AND<br />
DELINQUENCY PREVENTION, TO PROVIDE TRAINING, TECH.<br />
NICAL ASSISTANCE, AND INFORMATION THROUGH FOUR RE.<br />
GIONAL CENTERS. REFERENCE AND ORGANIZATIONAL LISTS<br />
ARE ATTACHED.<br />
AVlllablllly: GPO Stock Order No. 027,()()0.()0860.7· NCJRS<br />
MICROFICHE PROGRAM. NCJRS.<br />
'<br />
95. SEAnu: (WA)-FOCUS ON ROBIERY-THE HIDDEN CAM.<br />
ERAS PROJECT-AN EXEMPLARY REPORT. .~ D. WHIT.<br />
CBOMRIDGB'E MABT ASSOCIATE~~, INC, 55 WHEELER STREET, CAM·<br />
A 02138. 77 p •. 1979. NCJ.1l1014<br />
THE POLICE IN SEATTLE, WASH., HAVE TAKEN A NEW AP.<br />
PROACH TO ROBBERY PREVENTION IN HIGH RISK BUSI.<br />
NESSES BY USING CONCEALED CAMERAS THAT ARE ACTI.<br />
VATED WHEN A 'TRIP' Bll,L IS REMOVED FROM THE CASH<br />
REGISTER. '!"HE CAMERAS TAKE CLEAR PICTURES OF THE<br />
ROBBERY.IN.PROGRESS, MAKING SUSPECT IDENTIFICATION<br />
POSSIBLE AND GAINING ADMISSIBLE EVIDENCE FOR TRIAL.<br />
THE CONCEPT WAS IMPLEMENTED ACCORDING TO A RIGOR.<br />
OUS EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN; IMPLEMENTATION, ORGANIZA.<br />
TION, SITE SELECTION, EQUIPMENT OPERATiONS, POLICE<br />
PROCEDURES, RECORDKEEPING, AND PROJECT COSTS ARE<br />
DOCUMENTED IN THIS REPOAT AS WELL AS THE EXPERI.<br />
MENTAL DESIGN AND PROJECT FINDINGS. BUSINESSES<br />
WITH THE HIDDEN CAMERAS WERE COMPARED TO A CON.<br />
TROL GROUP WITHOUT CAMERAS AT 150 SITES (75 EXPERI.<br />
MENTAL, 75 CONTROL). ONE HUNDRED OFFENSES WERE<br />
REPORTED FROM MID.JUNE 1976 TO APRIL 27,1977, INCLUD.<br />
ING 38 ROBBERIES AT THE EXPERIMENTAL SITES AND 66<br />
ROBBERIES AT CONTROl. SITES. EVALUATION OF THE PROJ·<br />
ECT DEMONSTRATES THAT 66 PERCENT OF EXPERIMENTAL<br />
GROUP CASES WERE CLEARED EITHER BY ARREST OR EX·<br />
CEPTION, COMPARED TO 55 PERCENT OF CONTROL GROUP<br />
CASES, WITH A HIGH DEGREE OF CONTROL CASES BEING<br />
CLEARED USING PICTURES TAKEN AT EXPERIMENTAL SITES.<br />
A DECLINE IN COMMERCIAL ROBBERY FOLLOWING THE<br />
PROJECT ONSET WAS SIGNIFICANTLY COP-RELATED WITH<br />
THE NUMBER OF ROBBERS ARRESTED AND CONVICTED<br />
DURING THE PROJECT PERIOD. PROJECT OBJECTIVES WERE<br />
ACHIEVED WITHOUT INCREASING RISK TO VICTIMS, POLICE,<br />
OR OFFENDERS, AND CONVICTIONS FOR HIDDEN CAMERA<br />
CASES WERE ACHIEVED AT A LOWER C'()ST THAN WERE<br />
CONVICTIONS FOR CONTROL CASES. FURTHERMORE, THE<br />
HIDDEN CAMERAS PROJECT IS RELATIVELY INEXPENSIVE<br />
AND EASY TO OPERATE. HIDDEN CAMERA PROJECTS IN SIX<br />
OTHER CITIES ARE DISCUSSED AS WELL AS HOW TO GO<br />
ABOUT DEVELOPING AND IMPLEMENTING SIMILAR PRO·<br />
JECTS. APPENDIXES CONTAIN SAMPLE DAILY MONITORING<br />
FORMS USED BY CAMERA OFFICERS IN KANSAS CITY, MO.,<br />
SEATTLE'S DATA COLLECTION FORMS, AND A COST ANALY·<br />
SIS OF THE SEATTLE PROJECT.<br />
Spon~ring Agency: US DEPARTMENT OF JUS •.: LEAANA·<br />
TIONAL INSTITUTE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMIN~!.<br />
JUSTICE, 633 INDIANA AVENUE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 205~1.<br />
AVlllabllily: GPO Stock Order No. 027.()()Q'()()799-8j NCJRS<br />
MICROFICHE PROGRAM.<br />
l1li. SECOND NATIONAL WORKSHOP ON CRIMINAL JUSTICE<br />
EVALUATION ABSTRACTS-WASHINGTON, DC, NOVEMBER<br />
20-21, 187.. 51 p. 1978. NCJ·1I3103<br />
THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS PRE·<br />
SENTED AT A 1978 NATIONAL WORKSHOP ON CRIMINAL JUS·<br />
TICE EVALUATION THAT WAS SPONSORED BY THE LEM<br />
AND HELD IN WASHINGTON, D.C. TOPICS OF THE AB·<br />
STRACTS, BY WORKSHOP PANEL, ARE AS FOLLOWS: (1)<br />
DRUG ABUSE (POLICE NARCOTICS CONTROL), (2) SENTENC·<br />
ING (MASSACHUSETTS GUN CONTROL LAW AND SENTENC·<br />
ING LAWS IN PENNSYLVANIA), (3) PRETRIAL SERVICES (DESK<br />
APPEARANCE TICKETS IN NEW YORK CITY, PRETRIAL DIVER·<br />
SION, AND WHETHER PRETRIAL PERFORMANCE IS AFFECT·<br />
ED BY SUPERVISION), (4) RESEARCH METHODOLOGY<br />
(RANDOM TIME QUOTA SELECTION AND BAYESIAN ANALY·<br />
SIS OF CRIME RATES), (5) CAREER CRIMINALS (CAREER OF·<br />
FENDERS AND JUSTICE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE AND THE<br />
PRISON EXPERIENCE OF CAREER CRIMINALS), (8) CORREC·<br />
TIONS AND REHABILITATION (THE AMERICAN MEDICAL AS·<br />
SOCIATION'S PROGRAM TO IMPROVE HEALTH CARE IN JAILS<br />
AND A POINT SYSTEM FOR TEMPORARY RELEASE SELEC·<br />
TION), (7) ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN (COMMERCIAL SECURITY<br />
SURVEYS AND TARGET HARDENING), (8) CRIMINAL JUSTICE<br />
PLANNING (LOCAL PLANNING IN NEW JERSEY), (9) EVALUAT·<br />
ING EVALUATIONS (MANPOWER SERVICE PROGRAMS FOR<br />
ILLINOIS OFFENDERS AND A CASE STUDY IN THE NATIONAL<br />
EVALUATION PROCESS FOR SYNTHESIZINe,:I EVALUATIONS<br />
AND ASSESSING EVALUABILITY), (10) EVALt 'ATING PO,LICE<br />
PRACTICES (BURGLARY INVESTIGATION, A SINGLE FINGER·<br />
PRINT PROJECT, AND AN AUTOMATIC VEHICLE MONITORING<br />
SYSTEM), (11) EVALUATING JUVENILE JUSTICE PROGRAMS<br />
(SERIOUS JUVENILE DELINQUENCY AND SECURE CARE, SUP·<br />
PRESSION EFFECT IN BEFORE·AFTER COMPARISONS, AND<br />
TITLE I PROGRAMS FOR NEGLECTED AND DELINQUENT<br />
YOUTH), (12) CORRECTIONAL FIELD SERVICES (RECIDIVISM<br />
AS A FUNCTION OF PROBATION SUPEAVISION AND EFFECTS<br />
OF FINANCIAL AID AND EMPLOYMENT ASSISTANCE ON<br />
EX·PRISONERS), (13) UNIFIED DELINQUENCY INTERVENTION<br />
SERVICES (HOW A REGRESSION ARTIFACT CAN MAKE ANY<br />
DELINQUENCY INTERVENTION PROGRAM LOOK EFFECTIVE),<br />
(14) PLEA BARGAINING, AND (15) POLICE RESEARCH AND<br />
EVALUATION (HIDDEN CAMERA USE IN SEATTLE, WASH.,<br />
AND EFFECTS OF POLICE RESPONSE TIME ON CITIZEN SAT·<br />
ISFACTION). THE ADDRESSES OF PEOPLE WHO PRESENTED<br />
THE PAPERS IS PROVIDED.<br />
SponsorIng ~,;.ncy: US DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE LEAA NA·<br />
TIONAL INSTITUTE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL<br />
JUSTICE, 633 INDIANA AVENUE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20531.<br />
Av.u.b<strong>II</strong>Ity: NCJRS MICROFICHE PROGRAM.<br />
'7. SECURITY AND'rHE SMALL BUSINESS RETAILER, 1tl7l~. fl~<br />
E. CHELIMSKY, F. C. JORDAN JR, 1. S. RUSSELL, Ind J. R.<br />
STRACK. MITRE CORPORATION WASHINGTON OPER·<br />
ATIONS, 1820 DOLLEY MADISON BOULEVARD, MCLEAN VA<br />
22101. 122 p. 1978. Ned·S1a3S<br />
THIS HANDBOOK FOR SMALL BUSINESSES CONSIDERS THE<br />
CRIME THREAT PROBl.EM AND INSTRUCTS OWNERS ON<br />
HOW TO DETERMINE THEIR VULNERABILITY TO CRIME. A<br />
GUIDE TO ECONOMICAL AND RELIABLE EQUIPMENT AND SE·<br />
CURITY PLANNING IS PROVIDED. THE EXTENT AND NATURE<br />
OF LOSS WHICH SMALL BUSINESSES PRESENTLY SUFFER<br />
DUE TO CRIME IS ASSESSED, AND DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS<br />
OF THE NATURE OF THE FOUR CRIMES THAT MOST OFTEN<br />
PLAGUE SMALL BUSINESSES-·ROBBERY, BURGLARY, SHOo<br />
PLiFTING, AND INTERNAL THREAT .. ARE PRESENTED. THIS<br />
HELPS SMALL BUSINESS OWNERS EVALUATE THEIR OWN<br />
VULNERABILITY TO CRIME. THE OPERATING METHODS OF<br />
THE FOUR TYPES OF CRIMINALS ARE DISCUSSED AND A<br />
GUIDE FOR ASSESSING VULNERABILITY IS INCLUDED. THE<br />
CRIMINAL'S POINT OF VIEW IS USED IN DISCUSSING WEAK·<br />
NESSES IN INSTALLATION AND PROCEDURES. A SECTION OF<br />
THE HANDBOOK IS DESIGNED TO AID IN INTERPRETING<br />
FINDINGS AND PRESENTS THE RANGE OF SECURITY TECH·<br />
NIQUES AVAILABLE TO SMALL BUSINESS OWNERS. A CATA·<br />
LOG OF AVAILABLE, LOW.coST SECURITY TECHNIQUES IS<br />
PROVIDED. COVERED ARE PROPERTY LINE PROTECTION,<br />
ENTRY PROTECTION, SPACE PROTECTION, POINT PROTEC·<br />
TION, AND ALARMS. INSTRUCTIONS FOR USING THE HAND·<br />
BOOK PRECEDE THE BODY OF THE TEXT AND APPENDIXES<br />
COr-.,AIN A SHOPLIFTING GUIDE FOR RETAILERS, SECURITY<br />
ORDINANCES FOR OAKLAND, CALIF., A LISTING OF SECU·<br />
RITY CONSULTANTS, AND A DICTIONAt=lY OF<br />
ANTI·INTRUSION DEVICES FOR ARCHITECTS AND BUILDERS.<br />
A FEDERAL CRIME INSURANCE APPLICATION FORM IS ALSO<br />
INCLUDED. (AUTHOR ABSTRACT MODIFIED)<br />
SponaorIng Agency: US DEPAATMENT OF JUSTICE LEAA NA·<br />
TIONAL INSTITUTE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL<br />
JUSTICE, 833 INDIANA AVENUE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20631.<br />
Avlllleblllty: MITRE CORPORATION WASHINGTON OPER·<br />
ATIO~jS, 1820 DOLLEY MADISON BOULEVARD, MCLEAN VA<br />
22101 Stock Order No. MTR·7713j GPO Stock Ordor No.<br />
027.()()Q.()()765·1; NCJRS MICROFICHE PROGRAM.<br />
<strong>II</strong>. SELECTION AND APPLICATION GUIDE TO COMMERCIAL IN·<br />
TRU<strong>II</strong>ON ALARM SYSTEMS. B~ A. H. SHER Ind G. N.<br />
lTENIAKKEN. US DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NATION·<br />
,AL BUREAU OF STANDARDS LAW ENFORCEMENT STAND·<br />
ARDS LABORATORY, W1.SHINGTON DC 20234. 43 p. 1979.<br />
NCJ-I1272<br />
TO PROVIDE BUSINESSES WITH A BETTER UNDERSTANDING<br />
OF INTRUSION ALARM SYSTEMS AND THEIR POTENTIAL<br />
USE, THIS GUIDE EXAMINES THE TYPES OF PROTECTION AF·<br />
FORDED BY ALARM SYSTEMS AND THE MANNER IN WHICH<br />
THEY OPERATE. IN DECIDING WHETHER TO INSTALL AN IN·<br />
TRUSION ALARM SYSTEM, BUSINESSMEN OR WOMEN<br />
SHOULD BASE THEIR DECISIONS ON ECONOMIC CONSIDER·<br />
ATIONS SUCH AS WHETHER POTENTIAL PROPERTY LOSSES<br />
JUSTIFY THE EXPENSES INVOLVEDj THE POTENTIAL<br />
,<br />
l
2<br />
) ,<br />
,<br />
OF THE NIJ<br />
TEAM<br />
, .<br />
"<br />
..<br />
, ;<br />
SOME<br />
THREAT. OEPENDENT UPON BUSINESS LOCATION. TYPE OF<br />
BUSINESS. ETC.; ALTERNATE SECURITY PROCEDURES.<br />
WHICH MAY ALREADY 'PROVIDE AMPLE PROTECTION; AND<br />
THE POTENTIAL FOR FAl.SI'i ALARMS FROM THE INSTRU·<br />
SION ALARM SYSTEMS. !o SOURCE OF CONCERN FOR MANY<br />
LOCAL JURISDICTIONS. ALL INTRUSION ALARM SYSTEMS<br />
CONSIST OF THREE FUNDAMENTAL ELEMENTS OR COMPO<br />
NENTS: A SENSOR WHICH DETECTS THE ACTION OR PRES<br />
ENCE OF AN INTRUDER; A CONTROL UNIT TI-I~;r TURNS THE<br />
SYSTEM ON AND OFF. RECEIVES THE SIGN<strong>II</strong>L FROM THE<br />
SENSOR AND PROCESSES AND TRANSMITS THE ACTUAL<br />
ALARM SIGNAL; AND A DEVICE TO SUMMON ASSISTANCE IN<br />
RESPONSE TO THE ALARM. THE SENSOR AND CONTROL<br />
UNIT COMPONENTS CAN BE ASSEMBLED INTO A VARIETY OF<br />
CONFIGURATIONS TO PROVIDE FOUR BASIC TYPES OF PRO·<br />
TECTION: (1) POINT. SPOT. OR OBJECT-USED TO DETECT<br />
THE ACTION OR PRESENCE OF AN INTRUDER AT ONLY A<br />
SINGLE LOCATION; (2) PERIMETER OR LINEAR-USED TO<br />
DETECT THE ACTION OR PRESENCE OF AN INTRUDER AT<br />
ALI. VULNERABLE BUILDING ACCESS POINTS SUCH AS<br />
DOORS. WINDOWS. SKYLIGHTS. ETC.; (3) AREA. SPACE, OR<br />
VOLUME-USED TO DETECT THE PRESENCE OF AN INTRUD·<br />
ER ANYWHERE WITHIN A SELECTED AREA; AND (4)<br />
HOLDUP-ACTIVATED DURING THE DAY BY AN INDIVIDUAL<br />
ON THE SCENE. AND TRANSMITTED TO A REMOTE LOCA·<br />
TION. SUCH AS A POLICE STATION. BECAUSE SELECTING<br />
THE PROPER SENSORS FOR AN INTRUSION ALARM SYSTEM<br />
IS COMPLICATED. THE MOST COMMONLY USED TYPES OF<br />
SENSORS ARE DEscriBED: SWITCH SENSORS; PRESSURE<br />
MAl'S; METALLIC FOIL; WIRE SCREENS; MICROWAVE. ULTRA·<br />
SONIC. AND INFRARED MOTION DETECTORS; INFRARED<br />
PHO'fOELECTRIC SENSORS; SOUND SENSORS; VIBRATION<br />
SENSORS; AND CAPACITANCE SENSORS. OTHER FACTORS<br />
THAT BUSINESSES SHOULD CONSIDER INCLUDE SYSTEM<br />
DESIGN (THE FLOOR PLAN. CONTROL UNITS. TAMPER PRO·<br />
TECTION). INSTALLATION. AND POSTINSTALLATION FAC·<br />
TORS), AND SOUNDING THE ALARM (FOR LOCAL ALARM<br />
SYSTEMS. CENTRAL STATION SYSTEMS. AUTOMATIC TELE·<br />
PHONE DIALERS. AND DIRECT CONNECT SYSTEMS). TABU·<br />
LAR DATA COVER THE APPLICATIONS OF INTRUSION ALARM<br />
SENSORS, COMPARISON OF INTRUSION SENSORS. AND REL·<br />
ATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF PROTECTION SYSl'EMS. THE<br />
GUIDE IS ILLUSTRATED.<br />
SUpp<strong>II</strong>ImentaI Moln: LIMITED NUMBER OF COPIES AVAILA·<br />
BLE FROM NBS.<br />
SpcInIorIng Agency: US DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE LEM NA·<br />
TIONAL INSTITUTE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL<br />
JUSTICE. 633 INDIANA AVENUE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20531.<br />
AV<strong>II</strong><strong>II</strong>Ib<strong>II</strong>Ity: GPO Stock Order No. 003'()()3'()2098-2; US DE·<br />
PARTMENT OF COMMERCE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STAND·<br />
ARDS lAW ENFORCEMENT STANDARDS LABORATORY.<br />
WASHINGTON DC 20234 Stock Order No. NBS·480·14;<br />
NCJRS MICROFICHE PRCGRAM.<br />
<strong>II</strong>. SOME'~YCHOPHY<strong>II</strong>CAL TUTS OF THE CONSPICUITIES OF<br />
EIiER(IEfojCY VEHICLE WARNING I.IOHTS. By O. L.<br />
~/ETT. US DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NATIONAL<br />
BUREAU OF STANDARDS LAW ENFORCEMENT STANDARDS<br />
LABORATORY. WASHINGTON DC 20234. 27 p. 1979.<br />
. ,<br />
NCJ.H302<br />
I PART ,OF A PILOT STUDY OF THE ATTENTION·ATTRACTING<br />
POWERS OF SOME COMMERCIAL WARNING LIGHTS FOR<br />
EMERGENCY VEHICLES. THIS REPORT SUMMARIZES RE·<br />
SULTS'FROM CONSPICUITY STUDIES AND PSYCHOPHYSICAL<br />
TESTS. THE' REPORT RESULTS FROM A PROJECT ON EMER·<br />
GENcv VEHICLE LIGHTS. WHICH INCLUDED THE PHYSICAL<br />
MEASUREMENT (PHOTOMETRy) OF THE INTENSITIES OF<br />
SOME LIGHTS. PSYCHOPHYSICAL (PERCEPTUAL) TEST OF<br />
LIGHTS FOR CONSPICUITY. AND SEVERAL REPORTS. THE<br />
MAIN EXPERIMENT USED A NOVEL TECHNIQUE OF CONSPI·<br />
CUITY MATCHING. EACH OBSERVER VIEWED TWO FLASHING<br />
LIGHTS PERIPHERALLY. ONE LOCATED 20 DEGREES TO THE<br />
PUBLICATIONS<br />
LEFT OF THE FIXATION POINT, AND THE OTHER 20 DEGRESS<br />
TO THE RIGHT. ONE OF THE TWO LI!3HTS WAS ALWAYS A<br />
REFERENCE LIGHT WHOSE INTENSITY COULD BE ADJUS'rED<br />
BY THE onsERVER UNTIL THE TWO LIGHTS APPEARED<br />
EQUALLY CONSPICUOUS. ALL THE LIGHTS WERE RANKED<br />
ON A SINGLE SCALE OF CONSPICUiTY. BASED ON THE<br />
ADJUSTABLE.L1GHT INTENSITIES. THERE WAS A GOOD COR·<br />
RELATION BElWEEN THESE RANKS AND THE MEASURED<br />
EFFECTIVE INTENSITIES OF LIGHTS. ANOTHER, VERY BRIEF<br />
PILOT EXPERIMENT RANKED SOME OF THE LIGHTS BY THE<br />
NUMBER OF DEGREES INTO THE LEFT SIDE OF THE VISUAL<br />
FIELD THE FLA$HES COULD BE SEEN. THIS<br />
DISAPPEARANCE.ANGLE ALSO CORRELATED WELL WITH<br />
CONSPICUITY RANK. SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE WORK IN<br />
THIS FIELD ARE PROVIDED, ALONG WITH DISCUSSION OF<br />
SOME OF THE PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED IN THE PILOT<br />
STUDY. REFERENCES AND TABULAR AND,GRAPHIC DATA<br />
ARE ALSO PROVIDED. THE TEXT OF THE INSTRUCTIONS<br />
PROYIDED OBSERVERS IS INCLUDED IN AN APPENDIX.<br />
SUppfementaI HoIH: LIMITED NUMBER OF COPIES AVAILA.<br />
BLE FROM NBS.<br />
SponIOring Agency: US DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE LEM NA·<br />
TiONAL INSTITUTE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL<br />
JUSTICE. 633 INDIANA AVENUE NW, WASHINGTON. DC 20531.<br />
i\yliMtllllty: GPO Stock Order No. 003'()()3'()2085-1; US DE·<br />
PARTMENT OF COMMERCE N<strong>II</strong>TiONAL BUREAU OF STAND<br />
ARDS LAW ENFORCEMENT STANDARDS LABORATORY,<br />
WASHINGTON DC 20234 Stock Order No. NBS-SP 480·36;<br />
NCJRS MICROFICHE PROGRAM.<br />
100. SPOUSE ABUSE-A SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY. C. JOHN·<br />
SON, J. FERRY, end <strong>II</strong>. KRAVITZ, Eda. NATIONAL CRIMINAL<br />
JUSTICE REFERENCE SERVICE. BOX /3000, ROCKVILLE MD<br />
20850. 67 p. 1978. NCJ.54427<br />
THIS SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY HIGHLIGHTS THE PROBLEM<br />
OF SPOUSE ABUSE AND THE VARIOUS FORMS OF INTER·<br />
VENTION CURRENTLY AVAILABLE. IT CONTAINS 91 ENTRIES<br />
WITH ABSTRACTS. BOOKS, ARTICLES, AND REPORTS PUB·<br />
L1SHED BETWEEN 1975 AND 1978 ARE CITED ALPHABETICAL·<br />
LY BY AUTHOR. THE CITATIONS ARE PRESENTED IN TWO<br />
PARTS: (1) THE NATURE OF THE PROBLEM-DESCRIPTIONS<br />
OF WIFE ABUSE, HUSBAND ABUSE, AND DOMESTIC VIO·<br />
LENCE, ANALYSES OF THE CAUSES, AND SUGGESTIONS<br />
FOR CHANGE; AND (2) INTERVENTION··THE ROLE OF LAW<br />
ENFORCEMENT IN SPOUSE ABUSE CASES AND DOMESTIC<br />
VIOLENCE, OPTIONS AVAILABLE TO BATTERED SPOUSES,<br />
AND EXAMPLES OF REFUGE SHELTERS FOR ABUSED WIVES<br />
AND HUSBANDS. ALL OF THE DOCUMENTS CITED HAVE<br />
BEEN SELECTED FROM THE NATIONAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE<br />
REFERENCE SERVICE DATA BASE, AND INFORMATION ON<br />
OBTAINING THE DOCUMENTS IS PROVIDED. APPENDIXES IN·<br />
CLUDE A LIST OF INFORMATION SOURCES AND NAMES AND<br />
ADDRESSES OF AGENCIES AND ORGANIZATIONS THAT DEAL<br />
WITH THE SPOUSE ABUSE ISSUE.<br />
SpoMOrIng Agency: US DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE LEM NA·<br />
TIONAL INSTITUTE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL<br />
JUSTICE, 633 INDIANA AVENUE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20531.<br />
AYiMIb<strong>II</strong>Ity: NCJRS MICROFICHE PROGRAM. NCJRS.<br />
101. STRUCTURED PLEA NEOOTIATIONS-TESTDESION. US<br />
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE LEM NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF<br />
LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE, 633 INDIANA<br />
AVENUE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20531. 45 p. 1979.<br />
NCJ ...... 7<br />
THIS STRUCTURED PLEA NEGOTIATIONS TEST DESIGN IS IN.<br />
TENDED TO INCREASE THE EQUITY, EFFICIENCY, AND THE<br />
EFFECTIVENESS OF PLEA BARGAINING, A PROCESS WHICH<br />
MOST JURISDICTIONS WILL CONTINUE TO USE. A NUMBER<br />
OF SINGLE, LOCAL COURT SYSTEMS OF GENERAL TRIAL JU.<br />
RISDICTION HAVE EXPERIMENTED WITH THE DEVELOPMENT<br />
AND IMPLEMENTATION OF VARIOUS FORMS OF STRUC.<br />
TURED PLEA NEGOTIATIONS. IN ORDER TO ASSESS THE<br />
FEASIBILITY OF THIS CONCEPT, THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE<br />
OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE (NILECJ)<br />
HAS DEVISED <strong>II</strong> TEST DESIGN WHICH WILL INVOLVE SELECT·<br />
ED COURTS WITHIN ONE JURISDICTION IN THREE DIFFER·<br />
ENT'STATES. BOTH PROCESSES OF DEVELOPMENT AND 1M·<br />
PLEMENTATION AS WELL AS THEIR OUTCOMES WILL BE<br />
EVALUATED BY THE INSTITUTE. TEST DESIGN GOALS ARE<br />
TO IMPLEMENT A PLEA NEGOTIATIONS PROCESS THAT IS<br />
EQUITABLE TO ALL PARTIES, SUBJECT TO JUDICIAL REVIEW,<br />
AND COGNIZANT OF ALL PARTIES' NEEDS AND VIEWS, AND<br />
AN EFFICIENT PROCEDURE THAT REDUCES COURT PROC<br />
ESSING TIME AND DELAYS. A THIRD GOAL IS TO DEVELOP<br />
AN EFFECTIVE PLEA NEGOTIATION SYSTEM WHICH BOTH<br />
VICTIM AND DEFENDANT PERCEIVE AS LEGITIMAT!: AND<br />
FAIR BY INVOLVING BOTH PARTIES IN THE PROCESS. THE<br />
TEST USES AN EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN IN WHICH POTENTIAL<br />
CASES ARE SCREI:NED FOR ELIGIBILITY AND THEN RAN·<br />
DOMLY ASSIGNED TO EXPERIMENTAL (STRUCTURED PLEA<br />
NEGOTIATION CONFERENCE) OR CONTROL CONDITIONS.<br />
THE ANALYTIC FRAMEWORK ADDRESSES BOTH LONG·TERM<br />
TRENDS AND IMMEDIATE PROGRAM EFFECTS. THE SUG·<br />
GESTED MINIMUM NUMBER OF CASES WITHIN THE SMALL·<br />
EST UNIT FOR ANALYSIS IS 100. DATA REQUIREMENTS WILL<br />
INCLUDE SYSTEM· LEVEL, CASE·LEVEL, AND<br />
INDIVIDUAL·LEVEL INFORMATION REGARDING SUCH FAC<br />
TORS AS CASE IDENTIFIERS, OFFENSf{IN):ORMATION, CASE<br />
STRENGTH, Ar~D INDIVIDU<strong>II</strong>L DATA Ij(.lNcERNING ACTORS'<br />
BACKGFlOUND AND SOCIOECONoMIC CHARACTERISTICS,<br />
ATTITUDES TOWARD THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM, AND<br />
MORE. E\
It<br />
TRIAL<br />
PUBLICATIONS<br />
OF THE NIJ<br />
VICTIM/WITNESS<br />
./<br />
CURRENTLY USING TEAM POLICING. SUPPORTING TABULAR<br />
DATA. FooTNOTES,AND A BIBLIOGRAPHY ARE PROVIDED.<br />
SUppllmMtai Motel: PROGRAM DESIGN-A GUIDE TO IMPLE·<br />
MENTATION.<br />
IpoMorIng Aeeftcy: US DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE OFFICE<br />
OF DEVELOPMENT, TESTING AND DISSEMINATION, 633 INDI·<br />
ANA AVENUE, WASHINGTON DC 20531.<br />
Avlllllllllty: GPO Stock Order No. 027-()00.()()828·3: NCJRS<br />
MICROFICHE PROGRAM. NCJRS.<br />
104. TRIAL COURT MANAGEMENT SERIES-EXECUTIVE SUM·<br />
IlARY. Bv C. S. COOPER. AMERICAN UNIVERSITY, MAS<br />
SACHUSenS AND NEBRASKA, AVENUES, NW, WASHINGTON<br />
DC 20016. 1« p. 1979. NCJ-52653<br />
SUMMARY AND BACKGROUND DATA ARE PROVIDED FOR<br />
.LEM'S COURT MANAGEMENT PROJECT, LAUNCHED IN 1977<br />
TO PROVIDE TRIAL COURT MANAGERS WITH A FRAMEWORK<br />
FOR FINANCIAl. PERSONNEL, AND RECORDS RESOURCE<br />
AND WORKLOAD MANAGEMENT. OVER .4() TRl,Al' COURTS<br />
WERE STUDIED IN THE COURSE OF THE PROJECT'S 13<br />
MONTHS IN AN EFFORT TO EI~HANCE THE TRIAL COURT<br />
MANAGER'S CAPABILITY FOR DEALING WITH SElECTEO<br />
MANAGEMENT AREAS. SEPARATE VOLUMES ARE PROVIDED<br />
ON FINANCIAl. PERSONNEL, AND RECORDS MANAGEMENT:<br />
EACH INCLUDES A FRAMEWORK OF RELEVANT MANAGE·<br />
MENT PRINCIPLES, FUNCTIONS, AND CONCERNS WHICH<br />
BEAR ON THESE ASPECTS OF TRIAL COURT OPERATIONS<br />
AND THE RANGE OF MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES NECESSARY<br />
TO SUPPORT THEM. A SERIES OF GUIDELINES AND ASSESS·<br />
MENT QUESTIONS ARE PROVIDED IN EACH REPORT TO<br />
ASSIST USERS IN ANALYZING MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES IN<br />
THEIR JURISDICTIONS, IDENTIFYING PROBLEMS, AND DE·<br />
TI:RMINING AREAS FOR IMPROYEMENT. IN ADDITION TO<br />
OUTLINING THE BACKGROUND AND METHODOLOGY OF THE<br />
STUDY AND THE ORGANIZATION AND USE OF THE MANAGE·<br />
MENT REPORT SERIES, THIS VOLUME INCLUDES SELECTED<br />
COMMENTS BY TRIAL COURT JUDGES AND ADMINISTRATIVE<br />
STAFFS ON THE MANAGEMENT AREAS ADDRESSED BY THE<br />
PROJECT, SURVEYS OF RELEVANT COURT MANAGEMENT<br />
LITERATURE AND MATERIALS PERTAINING TO SPECIFIC<br />
TRIAL COURT MANAGEMENT ISSUES, AND A BIBLIOGRAPHY.<br />
PRINCIPAL SUBJECT AND JURISDICTIONAL<br />
CROS5-REFERENf'A:S ARE ALSO PROVIDED IN AN APPENDED<br />
INDEX TO THE REPORT SERIES. TABULAR DATA ARE IN·<br />
CLUDED. ~E ALSO NCJ 53623-53625.<br />
~ .. <strong>II</strong>I Hot..: PI'~OGRAM MODELS.<br />
1poI1IC<strong>II</strong>' ... Agency: US DEPARTtAr:'NT OF JUSTICE LEM NA·<br />
TIONAL INSTITUTE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL<br />
JUSTICE, s;J3 INDIANA AVENUE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20531.<br />
Avdlli.ty. GPO Stock Order NO. 027-()00"()()766.Q: NCJRS<br />
MICROFICHE PROGRAM.<br />
105. TRIAL COURT <strong>II</strong>AHAGE<strong>II</strong>ENT 8I:RIES FINANCIAL MANAGE<br />
<strong>II</strong>IEHT. By R. TOBIN. AMERICAN UNIVERSITY, MASSA·<br />
CHUsenS AND NEBRASKA, AVENUES, NW, WASHINGTON<br />
DC 20016. 78 p. 1979. NCJ-53I23<br />
THIS VOLUME OF LEM'S TRIAL COURT MANAGEMENT<br />
SERIES PROV<strong>II</strong>JES A FRAMEWORK WITHI~~ WHICH TRIAL<br />
COURT STAFF CAN DETERMINE SPECIAL AREAS OR POINTS<br />
OF FINANCIAL MAMAGEMENT RESPONSIBILITY WITHIN THEIR<br />
COURT SYSTEM.' LEM'S COURT MANAGEMENT PROJECT<br />
WAS LAUNCHED IN19n TO PROVIDE TRIAL COURT<br />
MANAGERS-8OTH JUDGES AND STAFF5--WITH A MANAGE·<br />
MENT REPORT SERIES ADOREss/~ CRITICAL AREAS OF<br />
WORKlOAD AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN AN EFFORT<br />
TO EIifiANCE TRIAL COURT MANAGERS' CAPABILITY FOR<br />
DEALING WITH FINANCW.. PER~NEI., AND RECORDS<br />
MANAGEMENT. IN THE FIRST SECTION OF THE FINANCIAL<br />
MAHAGEMENT VOLUME. NINE POSSIBLE<br />
SOURCES OF<br />
FUNDS FOR TRIAL COURT OPERATIONS ARE DISCUSSED,<br />
ALONG WITH ADDITIONAL TYPES OF FUNDS WHICH A COURT<br />
- .~<br />
MIGHT COLLECT. IN ADDITION TO THESE LEGAL ASPECTS<br />
OF A COURT'S FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT RESPONSIBILITIES,<br />
DIFFERENT TYPES OF INFORMAL 'POWER RELATIONSHIPS'<br />
BETWEEN FEDERAL, STATE, AND lOCAL GOVERNMENTS<br />
ARE DESCRIBED. THE FOLLOWING SECTION OUTLINES THE<br />
ELEMENTS OF A TRIAL COURT FINANCIAL MAf1I~GEMENT<br />
SYSTEM AND PRESENTS A SERIES OF SElF·ASSESSMENT<br />
QUESTIONS DESIGNED TO DETERMINE THE RANGE OF Fl·<br />
NANCIAL MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS BEING PERFORMED<br />
FOR A SPECIFIC TRIAL COURT AND WHETHER SOME ARE<br />
BEING OMITIFIJ OR INCOMPLETELY PERFORMED, WHETHER<br />
SOME BEING PERFORMED BY THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH<br />
SHOULD BE UNDER COURT CONTROL, AND WHETHER SOME<br />
BI::ING PERFORMED BY THE COURT SHOULD BE EXPANDED<br />
OR BETTER CONTROLLED. THE FINAL SECTION TREATS THE<br />
BUDGETING PROCESS SPECIFICALLY, INCLUDING MANY OF<br />
THE MANAGEMENT CONCERNS EXPRESSED BY COURT OFFI·<br />
CIALS RELATING TO THE PRACTICAL PROBLEMS THEY EN·<br />
COUNTER IN THE BUDGETARY PROCESS. AS A FOUNDATION<br />
FOR CONSIDERING THE TRIAL COURT BUDGET PROCESS,<br />
THE GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROCESS ARE<br />
NOTED: THEN THE ORGANIZATIONAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE<br />
VARIABLES AFFECT!NG THE PROCESS THE MOST ARE DIS<br />
CUSSED, ".LONG WITH THE PRINCIPAL STAGES BY WHICH A<br />
COURT MANAGES ITS BUDGET. A DESCRIPTION OF THESE<br />
STAGES IS PROVIDED, WITH A DISCUSSION OF SPECIFIC<br />
MANAGEMENT ISSUES WHICH SHOULD BE CONSIDERED AND<br />
MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES SOME COURTS HAVE FOUND<br />
EFFECTIVE. ASSORTED GUIDELINES, PERFORMANCE MEAS<br />
URES, AND FORMS ARE APPENDED. SEE ALSO NCJ·53624,<br />
53625 AND 52653.<br />
Supplemental Notn: PROGRAM MODELS-TRIAL COURT<br />
MANAGEMENT SERIES.<br />
SponIorIng Agency: US DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE LAW EN·<br />
FORCEMENT ASSISTANCE ADMINISTRATION.<br />
Avlillblllty: GPO. Stock Order No. 027'()()o"()()768-6.<br />
101. TRIAL COURT MANAGEME.IT SERIES PERSONNEL MANAGE<br />
MENT. By R. TOBIN. AMERICAN UNIVERSITY, MASSA·<br />
CHUsenS AND NEBRASKA, AVENUES, NW, WASHINGTON<br />
DC 20016. 62 p. 1979. NCJ.53I24<br />
THIS VOLUME OF LEM'S TRIAL COURT MANAGEMENT<br />
SERIES OUTLINES PRINCIPLES OF PUBLIC PERSONNEL MAN·<br />
AGEMENT WHICH HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED iN THE PUBLIC<br />
SECTOR AND THEN APPLIES THEM TO A TRIAL COURT SET·<br />
TING. LEM'S COURT MANAGEMENT PROJECT WAS<br />
LAUNCHED IN 1977 TO PROVIDE TRIAL COURT<br />
MANAGERS-·BOTH JUDGES AND STAFF5--WITH A MANAGE·<br />
MENT REPORT SERIES ADDRESSING CRITICAL AREAS OF<br />
WORKLOAD AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN AN EFFORT<br />
TO ENHANCE TRIAL COURT MANAGERS' CAPABilITY FOR<br />
DEALING WITH FINANCIAl. PERSONNEL, AND RECORDS<br />
MANAGEMENT. THE VOLUME ON PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT<br />
IS ORGANIZED IN THREE CHAPTERS TO PROVIDE A ~N·<br />
AGEMENT FRAMEWORK WITHIN WHICH BOTH BROAD AND<br />
SPECifiC TRIAL COURi PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT ISSUES<br />
CAN BE ANALYZED AND HANDLED. THO: FIRST DISCUSSES<br />
THE SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE YRIAl COURT ENVIRON·<br />
MENT WHICH BEAR ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTE·<br />
NANCE OF A PERSONNEL SYSTEM-THE FOCUS OF ADMINIS<br />
TRATIVE AUTHORITY AND CONTROl. THE INTERNAL ORGA·<br />
NlZATIONAL STRUCTURE AND THE AUTHORITY TO MANAGE<br />
BASIC ORGANIZATIONAL FUNCTIONS. THESE ISSUES ARE<br />
THEN DISCUSSED WITH REGARD TO THEIR MANAGEMENT<br />
SIGNIFICANCE IN LIGHT OF THE SPECIAL FACTORS AFFECT<br />
ING THE MANAGEMENT OF TRIAL COURT PERSONNEL THE<br />
FOLLOWING SECTION PROVIDES A SERIES OF ASSESSMENT<br />
QUESTIONS IN ORGANIZATION, STAFFING, EMPLOYEE PER·<br />
FORMANCE, AND EMPLOYEE RELATIONS AND DEALS WITH<br />
SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPE'<br />
CIALIZED PERSONNEL PROCEDURES. THE FINAL SECTION I~<br />
DESIGNED TO AID THOSE TRIAL COURTS PLANNING TO DE·<br />
VElOP A COURT PERSONNEL SYSTEM OR TO SUBSTANTIAL·<br />
L Y RESTRUCTURE AN EXISTING SYSTEM. THE SECTION AS·<br />
SUMES THE NEED FOR A RELATIVELY SELF·CONTAINED AND<br />
INDEPENDENT JUDICIAL BRANCH SYSTEM AND PRESENTS A<br />
GENERAL FIVE·PHASE IMPLEMENTATION CHRONOLOGY FOR<br />
ITS DEVELOPMENT. TABULAR DATA ARE INCLUDED. SEE<br />
ALSO NCJ 52653, 53623, AND 53625.<br />
SUpplementlil Notn: PROGRAM MODELS-TRIAL COURT<br />
MANAGEMENT SERIES.<br />
SpoMOrlng Agency: U'S DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE LEM NA·<br />
TIONAl INSTITUTE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AND "CRIMINAL<br />
JUSTICE, 633 INDIANA AVENUE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20531.<br />
AVlllabillty: GPO Stock Order No. 027.()()().()()769·4: NCJRS<br />
MICROFiCHE PROGRAM.<br />
107. TRIAL COURT MANAGEMENT SERIES-RECORDS MANAGE<br />
MENT. By E. H. SHOAT Ind C. DOOUTTLE. AMERICAN<br />
UNIVERSITY, MASSACHUSenS AND NEBRASKA, AVENUES,<br />
NW, WASHINGTON DC 20016. 92 p. 1979. NCJ·531125<br />
THIS VOLUME OF LEANS TRIAL COURT MANAGEMENT<br />
SERIES DEALS WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF A RECORDS<br />
MANAGEMENT PROGRAM CAPABLE OF MEETING THE HIS·<br />
TORICAL AND lEGAL DE~ANDS OF COURT RECORDS AND<br />
INDIVIDUAL CASE FilE MANAGEMENT. lEM'S COURT MAN·<br />
AGEMENT PROJECT WAS LAUNCHED IN 1977 TO PROVIDE<br />
TRIAL COURT MANAGERS-· BOTH JUDGES AND<br />
STAFFS .. WITH A MANAGEMENT REPORT SERIES ADDRESS·<br />
ING CRITICAL AREAS OF WORKLOAD, AND RESOURCE MAN·<br />
AGEMENT IN AN EFFORT TO ENHANCe TRIAL COURT MAN·<br />
AGERS' CAPACITY FOR DEALING WITH FINANCIAL, PERSON·<br />
NEl, AND RECORDS MANAGEMENT. THE FIRl)T SECTION OF<br />
THE RECORDS MANAGEMENT REPORT DISCUSSES THE<br />
OVERALL CONTEXT IN WHICH RECORDS MANAGEMENT IS<br />
PERFORMED AND, PARTICULARLY, THE VARIETY OF MATERI·<br />
ALS WHICH CONSTITUTE A COURT RECORD (I.E., CASE<br />
FILES, MICROFilM, COMPUTER PRINTOUTS, VIDEO DIS·<br />
PLAYS, AND OTHER EXHIBITS). THE NEED TO MANAGE<br />
THESE RECORDS DURING THE COURsE OF THEIR LIFE<br />
CYCLE IS DESCRIBED IN THE FOUR STAGES OF A RECORD'S<br />
LIFESPAN: INTAKE AND INITIATION: MAINTENANCE: ACCESS,<br />
USE, AND DISTRIBUTION: AND DISPOSITION. SOME OF THE<br />
DISTINCTIVE FACTORS WHICH SHOULD BE CQNSIDE"AEO IN'<br />
DEVELOPING A COURT RECORDS PROGRAM ARE DE·<br />
sCRIBED ALONG WITH RECORDS MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES<br />
IN OTHER SECTORS WHICH HAVE RELEVANCE TO COURTS.<br />
THE FOLLOWING SECTIONS DISCUSS THE BASIC RECORDS<br />
MAINTAINED BY A COURT, SPECIFIC MANAGEMENT ACTIVI·<br />
TIES PERTAINING TO THE MAINTENANCE OF CASE FILES,<br />
GUIDELINES FOR ASSESSING A COURT'S RECORDS MAN·<br />
AGEMENT PROGRAM, AND PLANNING FOR IMPROVEMENT.<br />
TABULAR DATA ARE PROVIDED. SEE ALSO NCJ 53624, 53623,<br />
AND 52653.<br />
Supplemental Hot .. : PROGRAM MODELs.<br />
SponsorI", Agency: US DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE LAW EN·<br />
FORCEMENT ASSISTANCE ADMINISTRATION.<br />
Avlllablllty: GPO Stock Order No. 027.()()()·OO767·8: 'NCJRS<br />
MICROFICHE PROGRAM.<br />
101. UNIFORM LAW COMMISSIONERS' MODEL SENTENCING AND<br />
CORRECTIONS ACT. NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF COMMIS·<br />
SIONERS ON UNIFORM STATE LAWS, 1155 EAST 60TH<br />
STREET, CHICAGO Il 60637. 458 p. 1979. NCJ-SHOO<br />
THE 1978 MODEL SENTENCING AND CORRECTIONS ACT IS<br />
PRESENTED IN DRAFT FORM AS DEVELOPED BY THE NA·<br />
TIONAl CONFERENCE OF COMMISSIONERS ON UNIFORM<br />
STATE LAWS UNDER THE SPONSORSHIP OF LEM. SEVERAL<br />
MAJOR THEMES DISTINGUISH THE MODEL SENTENCING AND<br />
CORRECTIONS ACT: IT UNIFIES THE VARIOUS ELEMENTS OF<br />
THE CORRECTIONAL SYSTEM INTO ONE DEPARTMENT OF<br />
CORRECTIONS IN ORDER TO COORDINATE THE DEPLOY·<br />
37<br />
MENT OF SCARCE CORRECTIONAL RESOURCES: IT IMPLE·<br />
MENTS THE lEGISLATIVE RESPONSIBILITY FOR DETERMIN·<br />
ING BASIC CORRECTIONAL PURPOSES AND POLICIES: AND IT<br />
SEEKS TO REDUCE THE UNFAIRNESS AND INEFFECTIVE·<br />
NESS RESULTING FROM SENTENCING DISPARITY. THE ACT<br />
AUTHORIZES APPELLATE REVIEW OF SENTENCES, ABOl·<br />
ISHES PAROLE, AND PROVIDES FOR A WIDE VARIETY OF<br />
INMATE PROGRAMS GIVING OFFENDERS A GREATER VOICE<br />
IN, AND A GREATER INCENTIVE FOR, SELF·IMPROVEMENT.<br />
THE ACT RECOGNIZES THE INTERESTS OF VICTIMS IN THE<br />
SENTENCING AND CORRECTIONAL PROCESS. IT ALSO AP·<br />
PLIES TRADITIONAL MECHANISMS USED TO STRUCTURE<br />
," AN,D LI~:T GOVERNMENTAL DISCRETION TO SENTENCING<br />
AND CORRECTIONS. THE ACT IS DIVIDED INTO SIX ARTICLES,<br />
INCLUDING GENERAL PROVISIONS WHICH CONTAIN DEFINI·<br />
TIONS AND RUlEMAKING PROCEDURES, A SECTION RE·<br />
GARDING ORGANIZ,
G<br />
-~.,~, - ...-'<br />
.::: ..<br />
~' J- ;:;-<br />
~~~~!$:~~~~~~~~::;:;;;;'I ;:~~"~~~ .• ~~. "~~<br />
VICTIM/WITNESS<br />
OF THE HIJ<br />
=.<br />
ZONING<br />
, /.<br />
t<br />
[.<br />
; ,<br />
.<br />
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ECT IN BROOKLYN, N.Y,; PROJECT TURNAROUND IN MIL·<br />
WAUKEE COUNTY, WIS.; THE VICTIM ASSISTANCE PROJECT<br />
IN MULTNOMAH.COUNTY, ORE.; AND THE VICTIM-WITNESS<br />
ADVOCATE PROGRAM IN PIMA COUNTY, ARIZ. THE SERVICES<br />
PROVIDED BY THESE PROGRAMS ARE. DISCUSSED IN<br />
DETAIL. HIGHLIGHTS OF EACH PROGRAM'S EVALUATION<br />
FINDINGS ARE REVIEWED, AND SUGGESTIONS FOR EVALU/(;<br />
TORS WHO MONITOR AND ASSESS VICTIM/WITNESS PRO·<br />
GRAMS ARE OFFERED. A OESCRIPTION OF NEW YORK<br />
CITY'S GOVERNMENTAL AGENCY ESTABLISHeD SOLELY TO<br />
SERVE CRIME VICTIMS IS ALSO PROVIDED, AS ARE CASE<br />
STUDIES OF FOUR PROGRAMS AND A SELECTED BIBLlOG·<br />
RAPHy. .<br />
SponIOrlng Agency: US DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE OFFICE<br />
OF DEVEl.OPMENT, TESTING AND DISSEMINATION, 633 INDI·<br />
ANA AVENUE, WASHINGTON DC 20531. .<br />
Av.llabilltY: GPO Stock Order No. 027.000-00831·3; NCJRS<br />
MICROFICHE PROGRAM. "<br />
110. VICTIM/WITNESS SERVICES.,.,PARTICIPAHT'S HANDBOOK<br />
AND MANUAL B~ E. C. VIANO. D. JACQUIN, H. C. JONES.<br />
• M. NEUSE, J. SCHILLER, O. SPAID, .net S. S.STEINBERG.<br />
'UNIVERSITY RESEARCH CORPORATION, 5530 WISCONSIN<br />
AVENUE, WASHINGTON DC. 301 p. 1977. NCJ-473111<br />
'--:'THEEl.OLE PLAYED IN THE CRIMINAL SYSTEM BY VICTIMI<br />
WITNESS SERVICES, THE IDENTIFICATION OF SERVICE<br />
NEEDS APPROPRIATE TO A PARTICULAR COMMUNITY, AND<br />
SEBVICE IMPLEMENTATION ARE EXAMINED IN THIS WORK·<br />
SHOP HANDBOOK:' IN THE FIRST SESSIONS OF THE WORK·<br />
SHOP, THE PROBLEMS WHICH VICTIMS AND WITNESSES EN·<br />
COUNTER IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM ARE EXAM·<br />
INED. AN OVERVIEW OF VlCTIM/WITNESS PROBLEMS IS "<br />
PROVIDED AND A BACKGROUND PAPER IS PReSENTEDj THE<br />
PAPER CHARACTERIZES THE VICTIM AS THE LOST PARTY<br />
WITHIN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM. A FLOW CHART IS<br />
PROVIDED WHICH COMPARES THE CAREFUL CONSIDERA·<br />
'" TION GIVEN THE RIGHTS OF THE ACCUSED, WITH THE.COR·<br />
RESPONDINGLY LITTLE ATTENTION PAID TO THE RIGHTS OF<br />
VICTIMS. ONE SESSION IS DEVOTED TO THE IDENTIFICATION<br />
OF VICTIM/WITNESS PROBLEMS AND SERVICES BY OCCUPA·<br />
TIONAl AFFILIATION: PARTICIPANTS .ARE GIVEN AN OPPOR·<br />
TUNITY TO MEET f;COLLEAGUES IN THEIR OCCUPATIONAL<br />
SPECIALITIES AND TO IDENTIFY OFFENSE·RELATED AND<br />
SYSTEM·RELATED PROBLEMS FACING'THE VICTIM/WITNESS.<br />
THE NEXT SESSIONS DEAL WITH VICTIM/WITNESS SERVo<br />
ICES; AN OVERYIEW AND ACCOMPANYING BACKGROUND<br />
PAPER ARE PROVIDED. 'fW0 CONCURREm-',SEMINARS ARE<br />
OUTLINED; THE FIRST DEALS WITH CRISIS INTERVENTION<br />
MANAGEMENT, AS WELL AS SOCIAL SERVICE ASSISTANCE<br />
AND REFERRAL. A BACKGROUND PAPER ON INTERVENTION<br />
AND DESCRIPTIONS OF VICTIM/WITNESS ,\PROGRAMS ARE<br />
PROVIDED, THE SECOND SEMINAR 'DEALS WITH<br />
COURT·RELATED INFORMATION, WITNESS NOTIFICATION<br />
AND, PROTECTION, PROPERTY RETURN, AND COMPENSA·<br />
TION AND RESTITUTION. BACKGROUND PAPERS ON COM·<br />
PENSATION AND RESTITUTION ARE INCLUDED. THERE ARE<br />
ALSO SESSIONS ON IDENtiFYING PRIORITY NEEDS AND DE·<br />
VELOPING SERi~ICE PLANS, A., BACKGROUND PAPER PRO<br />
VIDES AN OUT~INE AND NOTES FOR DESIGNING A VICTIM!<br />
'I~\TNESS PROGRAM. THE FINAL SESSIONS ARE DEVOTED<br />
TO STRATEGIEj) FOR IMPLEMENTING CHANGE, THE DEVEL<br />
OPMENT OF A'COMMUNITY ACTION PLAN, AND FEEDBACK<br />
ON THE ACTION PLAN. SAMPLE INFORMATION SHEETS", DE·<br />
SCRIPTIONS OF SPECIFJP PROGRAMS, AND BUDGET INFOR·<br />
MATION ARE INCLUDED. TABLES IDENTIFY POSSIBLE RE·<br />
SPONSES 70, VICTIM AND WITNESS NEEDS, ADMINISTRATIVE<br />
CONSIDI;RATIONS,I'ERVICE REQUIREMENTS, AND THE AD·<br />
VANTAGESAt.lo DISADVANTAGES OF VARIOUS PROGRAMS.<br />
SEVERAL OF THE ~ACKGAOUN[) PAPERS PROVIDE REFER·<br />
ENCES, AND A GLOSSARY AND A BIBLIOGRAPY ARE AP·<br />
PENDED.<br />
SUppIMIen .. 1 ,.otea: EXECUTIVE TRAINING PROGRAM IN AD-<br />
VANCED CRIMINAL JUSTICE PRACTICES. ~<br />
Sponsorl"".r~; US -DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE OFFICE<br />
OF DEVELOP~ENT,TESTINGAND DISSEMINATION, ~3 INOI·<br />
ANA AVENUE, WASHINGTON. DC 20531-<br />
Anl'-blUty: NCJRS MICROFICHE PROGRAM.<br />
ttl. VICTIM/WITNESS SERVICES-TRAINER'S HA!fDBOOKi 8~<br />
e. C. VIANO, D. JACQUIN, H. C.JONES, M, NEUse, J. SCHIL<br />
LER, ~ O. SPAID. UNIVERSITY RESEARCH CORPOR.A·<br />
.' TION, 553(fWISCONSIN AVENUE, WASHING·rON.DC. l77p.<br />
. 1978. . NCJ.~<br />
IHIS TRAINER'S MANUAL OUTLINES THE CURRICULUM AND<br />
PROGRAM ELEMENTS OF THE LEAA·SPONSORED REGIONAL<br />
TRAINING WORKSHOP ON VICTIM AND WITNESS SEFiVICES.<br />
THIS MATERIAL IS MEANT TO GUIDE THE TRAINER<br />
, THROUGH THE WORKSHOP PRESENTATlo,-.,S AND IN THE<br />
COMPLETION OF TRAINING TASI
,<br />
~;<br />
,I,<br />
PART <strong>II</strong><br />
SPECIALIZED PUBLICATIONS<br />
(I<br />
\~.<br />
;r<br />
fl·<br />
,< •<br />
,<br />
.....<br />
,<br />
"<br />
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,<br />
,;<br />
"<br />
\,<br />
'.<br />
,', ,"<br />
(\<br />
! I<br />
I<br />
,<br />
J<br />
A. PROGRAM MODELS AND PRESCRIPTIVE PACKAGES<br />
Program Models are a synthesis of research and ,evaluation findings,<br />
operational experience, and expert opinion in a criminal justice<br />
topic area. Each report presents a series of programmatic options and<br />
analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of each. The intent is to<br />
provide criminal justice administrators with the capability to make<br />
informed choices in planning, implementing, and improving efforts in a<br />
program area. The Models may also serve as the basis of testing and<br />
demonstration efforts.<br />
A listing of Program Models is presented below in alphabetical<br />
order. For complete bibliographic citation and abstract, refer to the<br />
entry number in Part I of this supplement or to the earlier editions<br />
of ' Publications of the <strong>National</strong> Institute of Law Enforcement and <strong>Criminal</strong><br />
<strong>Justice</strong> as indicated. Following the list of Program Models is a<br />
list of Prescriptive Pac'll;:ages, a publication series of the <strong>National</strong><br />
Institute that was replaced by Program Models.<br />
Title<br />
I<br />
Halfway Houses<br />
Improving Patrol Productivity, Volume 1<br />
Improving Patrol Productivity, Volume 2<br />
Managing <strong>Criminal</strong> Warrants<br />
Neighborhood <strong>Justice</strong> Centers<br />
Prevention, Detection,?~d<br />
Correction of<br />
Corruption in LOCAl Gove~nment<br />
Promising Strategies in Parole and<br />
Probation<br />
Security and the Small Business Retailer<br />
Small Police Agency Consolidation<br />
Trial Court Management Series:<br />
Executive Summary<br />
Financial Management<br />
----- ________ Personnel Management<br />
________ Records Management<br />
NCJ Number<br />
45542<br />
42500<br />
42501<br />
50018<br />
43580<br />
50199<br />
46895<br />
51335<br />
50694<br />
52653<br />
53623<br />
53624<br />
53625<br />
Citation<br />
**<br />
*<br />
*<br />
**<br />
*<br />
**<br />
*<br />
97<br />
**<br />
104<br />
105<br />
106<br />
107<br />
..<br />
~ublications of the <strong>National</strong> Institute of Law Enforcement and<br />
<strong>Criminal</strong> <strong>Justice</strong>: A Comprehensive Bibliography. 1978. (NCJ 49700)<br />
** Publications of the <strong>National</strong> Institute of Law Enforcement and<br />
<strong>Criminal</strong> <strong>Justice</strong>: A Com rehensive Biblio ra h -1979 SU lement.<br />
NCJ 57987<br />
, I<br />
P_i~g pag. blank<br />
_I<br />
43<br />
y<br />
..<br />
"<br />
I
,<br />
l'<br />
(<br />
Title<br />
MBO:<br />
A Corrections Perspective<br />
Mentally Retard 1 Offender and<br />
Corrections<br />
Methadone Treatment Manual<br />
Multi-Agency Narcotics Units Manual<br />
Neighborhood Team Policing<br />
Paralegals: A Resource for Public<br />
Defenders and Corr~ctional <strong>Service</strong>s<br />
Police Burglary Control Programs<br />
Police Crime Analysis Units<br />
Police Robbery Control Manual<br />
Presentence Report Handbook<br />
Prosecutor's Charging Decision<br />
Rackets Bureaus--Investigation and<br />
Prosecution of Organized Crime<br />
Rape and Its Victims<br />
Treatment Program for Sex Offenders<br />
Volunteers in Juvenile <strong>Justice</strong><br />
NCJ Number<br />
18304<br />
39024<br />
11101<br />
34204<br />
10428<br />
15652<br />
25997<br />
11277<br />
17414<br />
41337<br />
35832<br />
41953<br />
29894<br />
42967<br />
35607<br />
Citation<br />
*<br />
*<br />
*<br />
*<br />
*<br />
*<br />
*<br />
*<br />
**<br />
*<br />
**<br />
*<br />
**<br />
*<br />
Title<br />
Child Abuse Intervention<br />
Crime Scene Search and Physical<br />
Evidence Handbook<br />
PP~SCRIPTIVE<br />
Diversion of the Public Inebriate<br />
From the <strong>Criminal</strong> <strong>Justice</strong> System<br />
Drug Programs in Correctional<br />
Institutions<br />
Evaluative Research in Corrections<br />
Grievance Mechanisms in Correctional<br />
Institutions<br />
Guide to Establishing a Defender<br />
System<br />
Guide to Improved Handling of<br />
Misdemeanant Offenders<br />
Health Care in Correctional Institutions<br />
Improving Police-community Relations<br />
Improving Productivity in the Courts:<br />
A Primer for Court Clerks<br />
Job Placement and Training fQr<br />
Offenders and Ex-offenders<br />
Managing <strong>Criminal</strong> Investigations<br />
PACKAGES<br />
NCJ Number<br />
32333<br />
07984<br />
10946<br />
38509<br />
15132<br />
19594<br />
44091<br />
11964<br />
27342<br />
10340<br />
44167<br />
15652<br />
19486<br />
Citation<br />
*<br />
*<br />
*<br />
*<br />
*<br />
**<br />
*<br />
*<br />
*<br />
**<br />
*<br />
*<br />
,<br />
"<br />
..<br />
44<br />
"<br />
, .' .,-
r<br />
,.'<br />
, r,<br />
','<br />
f<br />
; ,<br />
" ~'~<br />
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:F<br />
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:8. TEST DESIGNS<br />
. Test Designs are detailed specifications of selected program<br />
strategies intended for carefUl field testing in a limited number of<br />
sites. The goal of each test is to examine the effectiveness of a<br />
particular concept or program strategy in varied settings, as well as<br />
to examine the transferability of the concept, and its suitability for<br />
further demonstration and marke~ing.<br />
A listing of Test Designs is presented below in alphabetical<br />
order. For complete bibliographic ci tat,ion and abstract, refer to the<br />
entry number in Part I of this supp1.ement or to the earlier editions<br />
of Publications of the <strong>National</strong> Inatitute of Law Enforcement and <strong>Criminal</strong><br />
Just.:!.ce.·<br />
Title NCJ Number Citation<br />
Commercial Security<br />
Managing Patrol Operations<br />
Multijurisdictional Sentencing<br />
Guidelines<br />
Pre-Release Center<br />
Structured Plea Negotiations<br />
59015<br />
47032<br />
53479<br />
66869<br />
66847<br />
12<br />
**<br />
65<br />
84<br />
101<br />
C. EXEMPLARY PROJECTS<br />
Each year State and local agencies are invited to submit candidate<br />
projects that have been measurably effective in reducing crime or<br />
improving some aspect of the criminal justice system. For the few<br />
selected each year as Exemplary Projects, descriptive brochures and<br />
instruction manuals are developed--to assist local agencies by<br />
identifying successfUl techniques and detailing how they may be<br />
adapted most effectively.<br />
The Exemplary project program is administered by the Institute's<br />
Office of Development, Testing, and Dissemination. Additional information<br />
about selection procedures may be obtained from:<br />
Director, Model. Program Development Division<br />
Office of Development, Testing, and Dissemination<br />
Natipnal Institute of <strong>Justice</strong><br />
Washington, DC 205..31<br />
A listing of Exemplary projects is presented below in alphabetical<br />
order. For complete bibliographic citations and abstracts of<br />
Exemplary Project reports published in 1979, refer to the Entry Number<br />
in Part I of this volume or to earlier editions of Publications of the<br />
<strong>National</strong> Institute of Law Enforcement and <strong>Criminal</strong> <strong>Justice</strong> as indicated.<br />
Title<br />
Administrative Adjudication of<br />
Traffic Offenses (New York State)<br />
Adolescent Diversion Project, Champaign<br />
Urbana, Illinois<br />
Central Police Dispatch, Muskegon<br />
County, Michigan<br />
Citizen Dispute Settlement,<br />
Columbus, Ohio<br />
Community Arbitration Project<br />
NCJ Number<br />
Citation<br />
30389 *<br />
38510 *<br />
30393 *<br />
15156 *<br />
61012 14<br />
, .. ,)<br />
""i<br />
k.<br />
~<br />
, I'<br />
1<br />
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1<br />
I L<br />
1,;<br />
It<br />
l~<br />
tt<br />
itt<br />
11<br />
lA<br />
Ii:<br />
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rl<br />
<strong>II</strong> r<br />
1:'1<br />
1'(<br />
r;,f<br />
U<br />
11<br />
! I<br />
l:{<br />
1.'£<br />
H<br />
1(<br />
\J<br />
t!<br />
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\}<br />
<strong>II</strong><br />
~!<br />
I ~<br />
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'fl<br />
~<br />
~<br />
fl<br />
,<br />
community-Based Corrections,<br />
Des Moines, Iowa<br />
34542 *<br />
..<br />
* Publications of the <strong>National</strong> Institute of Law Enforcement and<br />
** Cr m nal Just1ce: A comp:ehens ve B7bl10graph~. 1978. NCJ 49700<br />
Publications of the Nat10nal Inst1tute of Law Enforcement and<br />
t~~~i5;;871ustice: A Comprehensive BibliographY-l:979 S~pPlement.<br />
* Publications of the <strong>National</strong> Institute of Law Enforcement and<br />
<strong>Criminal</strong> <strong>Justice</strong>: . A Com rehensive Biblio ra h. 1978. (NCJ 49700)<br />
** Pub11cat1ons 0 the Nat1onal. Inst1tute 0 Law Enforcement and<br />
<strong>Criminal</strong> <strong>Justice</strong>: A Com rehensive Biblio ra h -1979 SU lement .<br />
(NCJ 57 87<br />
,<br />
47<br />
, .. ,"<br />
I
",'~<br />
"to.<br />
r<br />
,<br />
Title<br />
Community crime Prevention program,<br />
Seattle, Washington<br />
Community Response to Rape, polk<br />
County, Iowa<br />
Connecticut Economic Crime Unit<br />
Controlled Confrontation--The Ward<br />
Grievance Procedures of the California<br />
Youth Authority<br />
Focus on Robbery--Hidden Camera<br />
Project<br />
Juvenile Diversion Through Family<br />
Counselir.g, Sacramento, Cali fornia<br />
Legal Information Center, Creighton<br />
University<br />
Legal Liaison Division, Dallas<br />
Police Department<br />
Major Offense Bureau, Bronx County,<br />
New York<br />
NCJ Number<br />
42383<br />
38480<br />
60332<br />
35801<br />
59014<br />
32026<br />
39468<br />
34673<br />
37810<br />
Title NCJ Number citation<br />
Citation<br />
Public Defender <strong>Service</strong>, Washington, D.C. 15080 *<br />
**<br />
stop Rape Crisis Center, Baton Rouge 60498 6<br />
street Crime Unit, New York City 26492 *<br />
* volunteer Probation Counselor Program,<br />
Lincoln, Nebraska<br />
16<br />
30392 *<br />
"<br />
Montgomery County Emergency <strong>Service</strong>,<br />
Norristown, pennsylvania<br />
.{~4950<br />
,I<br />
I<br />
!<br />
,<br />
,~ ;<br />
Montgomery County Work Release/Pre<br />
Release Program<br />
Neighborhood Youth Resources Center,<br />
Philadelphia<br />
46250<br />
16769<br />
I<br />
,I<br />
• I.<br />
One Day/One Trial, Wayne County,<br />
Michigan<br />
41516<br />
• I<br />
"<br />
'\0., ...<br />
Parole Officer Aide Program, Ohio<br />
Adult Parole Authority<br />
project New Pride, Denver I<br />
Colorado<br />
PROMIS (Prosecutor Management Information<br />
system), Washington, D.C.<br />
prosecution of Economic Crime,<br />
Seattle and San Diego<br />
providence Education Center, st. Louis<br />
35432<br />
42020<br />
43722<br />
31615<br />
15651<br />
*<br />
*<br />
*<br />
*<br />
*<br />
.8<br />
......
,-<br />
,<br />
D. NATIONAL EVALUATION PROGRAM<br />
Title<br />
NCJ Number<br />
citation<br />
Practical information on costs, benefits l and limitations of<br />
selected criminal justice projects and programs is collected by the<br />
<strong>National</strong> Institute of· <strong>Justice</strong> to assess projects funded by the Law<br />
Enforcement Assistance Administration and share the findings with<br />
St.ate and local officials and planners . Initially, Phase I assessments<br />
concent.rate on specific topic areas and, where appropriate,<br />
these are followed by ·Phase <strong>II</strong> indepth Evaluations. Additional<br />
information on the <strong>National</strong> Evaluation program may be obtained from:<br />
Director<br />
Office of Prog~am Evaluation<br />
<strong>National</strong> Institute of <strong>Justice</strong><br />
U.s. Department of <strong>Justice</strong><br />
Washington, DC 20531<br />
A listing of Summaries of completed <strong>National</strong> Evaluation Program<br />
studies is presented below in alphabetical order. Full reports are<br />
available on loan from NCJRS. For complete bibliographic citations<br />
and abstracts .of <strong>National</strong> Evaluation Reports, refer to the entry<br />
number in Part I of this volume or to earlier editions of Publications<br />
of the Nation~l Institute of Law Enforcement and <strong>Criminal</strong> <strong>Justice</strong> as<br />
indicated.<br />
Phase I Reports<br />
Title<br />
Citizen Crime Reporting Projects<br />
NCJ Number<br />
35828<br />
Citation<br />
*<br />
Early warning Robbery Reduction<br />
Projects--An Assessment of<br />
Performance<br />
Halfway Houses<br />
.,<br />
Intensive Special probation Projects<br />
Juvenile Diversion<br />
Neighborhood Team policing<br />
Operation Identification Projects-<br />
Assessment of Effectiveness<br />
Pretrial Release Programs<br />
Secure Detentipn of Juveniles and<br />
Alternatives to Its Use<br />
street Lighting projects<br />
policing Urb~n<br />
Mass Transit systems<br />
Traditional prevention Patrol<br />
Treatment Alternatives to Street<br />
Crime (TASC) projects<br />
32498<br />
36383<br />
42407<br />
32847<br />
35296<br />
27305<br />
39022<br />
42640<br />
4'1011<br />
60284<br />
34817<br />
34057<br />
'*<br />
'*<br />
*<br />
*<br />
*<br />
*<br />
*<br />
*<br />
**<br />
83<br />
*<br />
*<br />
1<br />
t<br />
• I<br />
1<br />
citizen Patrol Projects<br />
com.rnuni ty-Based Al terna ti ves 't.o<br />
Juvenile Incarceration<br />
Correctional Education Programs for<br />
Inmates<br />
36435<br />
35834<br />
48176<br />
-It<br />
*<br />
l~<br />
Phase <strong>II</strong> Report<br />
Treatment Alternatives to Street<br />
Crime<br />
!?193l<br />
**<br />
l.<br />
Court Information syste~s<br />
Cri.me Analysis in support of<br />
Patrol<br />
crime Prevention Securit.y Surveys<br />
41680<br />
42547<br />
34858<br />
*<br />
*<br />
Publications of the <strong>National</strong> Institute of - Law Enforcement and<br />
<strong>Criminal</strong> <strong>Justice</strong>: A comerehensive Bibliograpl~. 1978. (NCJ 49700)<br />
** Publications of the <strong>National</strong> Institute of Law Enforcement and<br />
criminal <strong>Justice</strong>: A Com rehensive Bib1io ra h -1979 su lement.<br />
NCJ 57987<br />
51<br />
....<br />
,
\\,<br />
n •
;~. :-~.<br />
"<br />
. u ....<br />
-----<br />
.,•. rl<br />
Title<br />
NCJ Number<br />
Cit.ation<br />
~-=-..:-.. ,<br />
" \<br />
~ I , "'<br />
.'<br />
. ,<br />
; .:l . ,- q'<br />
¥ •<br />
Publications of the <strong>National</strong> Institute<br />
of Law Enforcement and <strong>Criminal</strong><br />
Ju~tice<br />
Publications of the <strong>National</strong> Institute<br />
of Law Enforcement and <strong>Criminal</strong><br />
~ustice, 1979 Supplement<br />
Public Defender Programs<br />
:Recidivism<br />
Restitution<br />
Speedy Trial<br />
Spouse Abuse<br />
Team Polic::ing<br />
Techniques for Project Evaluation<br />
Terrorism. 2d Edition<br />
'Victim/Witness Assistance<br />
49700<br />
57987 89<br />
49096 **<br />
34360 *<br />
62011 93<br />
48110 .*<br />
54427 100<br />
35887 •<br />
43556 •<br />
39646 •<br />
•<br />
45.nO-5<br />
',., '''::.:<br />
49698 .*<br />
(;<br />
A<br />
AB1}sEOF AUTHORITY 63, 87<br />
A~LTOFFENOEAS 27<br />
AFt 7 1RPTlVE ACTION PROGRAMS<br />
AU~RM SYSTEMS 97, 98<br />
AU'.oHOLIS<strong>II</strong>I CAllIES 11<br />
Ai:TEANAl1VE Pf8PUTE SETTLE"~<br />
'14<br />
AI.,TERNAnVE SCHOOLS 21<br />
ALTERNAnVES 10<br />
INSTITUTIONALIZATION<br />
61,93 <<br />
2, 26, 38, 59,<br />
ANALYSIS 82<br />
MNUAL "EPORTS 71<br />
ANTITRUST OFFENIES 54<br />
ARINTAATION 14<br />
ARIZONA 45,109<br />
ARSON 4,102<br />
ARSONISTS 4<br />
ASSAULT AND BATTERY 94<br />
ATTORNEYS 48 \'<br />
ATTORNEYS GENERAL 16<br />
AI,ISTRIA 25<br />
AUTO<strong>II</strong>An;D VEHICLE MONITORS 13<br />
B<br />
BAU-18TICS 76<br />
BATTERED HUlBANDa 100<br />
,BAMRIED WIVES' 100<br />
BEHAViOl!t UNDER STRESS 60<br />
BELGIUM 25, 60<br />
BIBLIOGRAftHIE8 2, 4, 21, 22, 23. 32, 36,<br />
41,61,74,80,89,93,100<br />
BIQORAPHIES 77<br />
BIOLOGICAL INFLUENCES 11, 36<br />
BLOOD AND BODY FLUID ANALYSIS<br />
BODY ARMOR 5, 78 ' '<br />
42<br />
BUDGETS' 77<br />
BURGLARY 92, 97<br />
IUSlNE~ SECURITY 9,12,95,97,98<br />
c<br />
CAUFORNIA 8, 20, 28, 69, 73, 97, 103<br />
CARGO SECURITY 8<br />
CASE STUDIES 20,109<br />
CASELOAD MANAGEMENT 26<br />
CASELOADS 27<br />
CITIZEN ASSOCIATIONS ,25<br />
CITIZEN CR<strong>II</strong><strong>II</strong>E PRECAUTioNs" 22<br />
CITIZEN CRIME TOLERANCE " 90, 91<br />
{\<br />
SUBJECTJND.EX<br />
CIlIZEN GRIEVANCES 90, 91<br />
CIVIL SERVICE 10<br />
COEDUCATlOM.\L COARECTI0N3<br />
FACIUTIES 41<br />
COM<strong>II</strong>UNICATIONS CENTERS 13<br />
eoti<strong>II</strong>UNrrY BASED CORRECTIONS<br />
(ADULT), 38,39,69<br />
COIl<strong>II</strong>UNITY CRIME PREVENTION<br />
~A118 32,35,39,69<br />
CCNlMUNITYINVOLVEMENT 6,92<br />
COMMUNITY SERVICE ORDER 93<br />
COMPUTER AIDED OPERAnONS 13,75<br />
COliPUnAS 75<br />
CONFLiCT OF INTEREST 63<br />
CONNECTICUT 16,92<br />
eONSUIiIER rRAUI;) 16. 17.40<br />
CONSU<strong>II</strong>Q PROTECTION 16,17,40<br />
CORRECTIONAL FACIUTIES<br />
108<br />
50,51,61,<br />
CORREC!lONAL INSTITUTIONS (ADUL"f)<br />
18,59,72<br />
CORRECTIONAL INSTr",'nONS (JUVENILE)<br />
72 i,l<br />
CORRECTIONAL flEAfiONHEL 72<br />
CORRECTIONAL PWINING 86<br />
CORRECTIONAL STAFF TRAINiNG 72<br />
CORRECTIONS 23, 52, 87<br />
CORRECTIONS IlANAGE~IlNT<br />
108<br />
50,51,88,<br />
CORRUPTION OF PUB.UC OFFICIALS<br />
19,20,35.63,112 '<br />
3,<br />
COUNSELING 6<br />
COURSE MATEnlALa 110,111<br />
COURT CASE FL.OWMANAGEMENT<br />
57, 58, 104 .,. .. .<br />
56,<br />
CQURT MANAGEMENT 104,105,108,107<br />
COURT PERsmtNEL 104, 108<br />
COURT RECORDS 104,107<br />
COURT REFORM 101<br />
COURTS 2!3. 66<br />
CftlME CAUSES 11, 36, 60<br />
CRIME CONTROL PRt'4RAMS 17<br />
.' CRIMINAL JUSTICE 1,23,33,98<br />
CRI"I~AL JUSTICE EDUCATION eo ,~<br />
CRIMINAL JUSTICE INFOR<strong>II</strong>IATION<br />
SYSTEMS 33<br />
CRIMINOLOGY 41,90,91<br />
CRISIS INTERVENTION 6<br />
D<br />
DENMARK 25<br />
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 15<br />
DETERMINATE SENTENCES 108<br />
DEVIANCE 11<br />
DIGrrAL COMMUNICATIONS S7<br />
DIRECTORIES 9, 32, 33<br />
DISCIPLINE 21<br />
DISCRIMINATION<br />
DISPATCHING 13,37,39<br />
DIS,TRICT AT!ORNEYS 6<br />
DOMESTIC RELATIONS 60,100<br />
ORUG ABUSE CAUSES 11<br />
ORUG D£TECTION 77<br />
DRUG EFFECTS 77<br />
DRUG LAW ENFQRCEr.ENY 77,78<br />
DRUG LAW ENFORCEME~'r UNITS 77, 78<br />
DRUG LAWS 77<br />
DRUG RELATED CRIMES 77<br />
EC~IC INFLUENCES 54<br />
EDUCATION 18<br />
EFFECTIVENESS 34<br />
EMERGENCY VEHICLE WARNING SYSTEMS<br />
99<br />
EMPLOYEE GRIEVANCf£S<br />
EMPLOYEE THEFT 9?<br />
EMpLOYER ATTITUDES ~<br />
EMPLOYER-EMPLOYEE REI,.ATION3<br />
CRIME COSTS ~., , ENCEPHALOGRAPHIC RESIEARCH 36<br />
CRI"'E IN SCHQPLS 94<br />
CRIME LABORATORIES 48<br />
CRIME LABORATORY EQUIPMENT. 48<br />
CRIME PREDICTION 34<br />
CRIME PREVENTION MEASURES 12,16,<br />
34,60,83,63,97<br />
CRIME SCENE SEARCH 43, 48<br />
CRIME SPECIFIC COUNTERMEASURES<br />
18,92<br />
CRIME STATiSTICS 45<br />
CRIMES AGAINST THE ELDERLY 22<br />
CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION 48, 64<br />
CRIMINAL I"VESTIGATION UNITS 39, 64<br />
55<br />
E<br />
EQUAL appQnTU,.1TY EMPLOYMENT 1<br />
EQUAL,PROTECTION Qf THE LAWS 101<br />
EQUIPMENT 9<br />
EQUIPMENT EVALUATION 53<br />
EVAI..UATION<br />
96<br />
7,18,28,31,66,71,83,,84,<br />
EVALUATICH CRITERIA 31<br />
EVALUATION DESIGN 88,84<br />
EVALUATION TECHNIQUES 28,31,68<br />
EVALUATIVE RESEARCH 28,31;77, 101 ~<br />
EVIDENCE 42<br />
EVlDENCiE COLLEC!ION 43,47.95<br />
EXflERT WITNESSES . 48<br />
I<br />
I<br />
I<br />
I<br />
I<br />
.I<br />
J<br />
I<br />
I<br />
I<br />
:1<br />
I '"'-<br />
J<br />
',:<br />
~<br />
I
..<br />
-<br />
USb<br />
FACILITY SE. llTY<br />
F<br />
FACIUTY SECURITY 97<br />
FEAR OF CRIME 22, 90, 91<br />
40<br />
fEDERAL PROGRAUS '49,71<br />
G<br />
i I<br />
H<br />
,;<br />
't " \<br />
FEDERAL AID 71<br />
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 4,0<br />
FEDERAL LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES<br />
FEDERAL REGULATIONS 40<br />
FEDERAL REPUBUC OF GERMANV 25,<br />
60<br />
FEMALE OFFENDERS 41,60,61<br />
FEl1ALES 1<br />
FiNANCIAL MANAGEMENT 51,105<br />
FIRE DEPARTMENTS 102<br />
FLORIDA 20, 28, 85<br />
FORENSIC MEDICINE 48<br />
FRANCE 25<br />
FRAUD 39,49<br />
GEORGIA 73<br />
GOVERNMENTAL PLANNING 24, 28, 31<br />
GRAFT 63<br />
GRANTS OR CONTRACTS 70<br />
GREAT BRITAIN 25<br />
HANDSFREE TELECOMMUNICATIONS<br />
EQUIP 7<br />
HIGH SCHOOL EDUCATION 18<br />
HIGHER EDI.!CATION 18<br />
HIJACKING 8<br />
HISTORIES 103<br />
HOTUNES 6<br />
IlUNaIS 20, 28<br />
IMPRISONMENT 59<br />
INDUSTRIAL SECURITY 9, 12<br />
INFORMANTS 77<br />
INFORMATION DISSEMINATION 33<br />
INFORMATION PROCESSING 75<br />
INMATE CLASSIFICATION 108<br />
INMATE DISCIPUr~E 41,108<br />
INMATE GRIEVANC~S 66,87,66,106<br />
INMATE PEER COU~'cUNG 74<br />
INMATE PROGRAMfj 18,41,84,66,108<br />
INMATE SELF.IlOVERNMENT IOU<br />
INMATE STAFf RELATIONS 87<br />
INMATE TRANSFEnS 106<br />
INMATES 59,87<br />
INTERVENTION 100<br />
INTERVIEW AND <strong>II</strong><strong>II</strong>TERROGATION 43, 46<br />
INTRUSION DETECrrORS 98<br />
INVESTIGATIVE POWERS 47<br />
IOWA 69<br />
ITALY 60<br />
J<br />
JAILS 61<br />
JAPAN 25<br />
JOB PRESSURE 80<br />
JUDGES 30<br />
JUDICIAL DECISION COMPUANCE 55<br />
JUDICIAL DECISIONS 30<br />
JUDICIAL DISCRETION 30, 59<br />
JURIES 66<br />
JURY DECISIONMAKING 62<br />
JURY SELECTIO:I 42, 66<br />
JUVENILE COURT PROCEDURES 59<br />
JUVENILE DEUNQUENCY 94<br />
JUVENILE DEUNOUENCY FACTORS 11<br />
JUVENILE DEUNOUENCY PREVENTION<br />
39<br />
JUVENILE DEUNOUENTS 66, 94<br />
JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM 23<br />
JUVENILE OFFENDERS 14<br />
JUVENILES 68<br />
L<br />
LABOR RELATIONS 61<br />
LATIN AMERICA 60<br />
LAW ENFORCEMENT ASSISTANCE ADMIN<br />
1,48,96,108<br />
LAW ENFORCEMENT STANDARDS<br />
LABORATORY 9,13<br />
LAWFUL USE OF FORCE 15<br />
LAWS AND STATUTES 6, 40, 44, 63<br />
LEAA EXEMPLARY PROGRAMS<br />
69,71,84,89<br />
16, :ili,<br />
LEGAL AID SERVICES 39<br />
UGHTING 99<br />
lITERACY EDUCATION 16<br />
LITERATURE 69,104<br />
UTERATURE REVIEWS 27,90,91<br />
lOCAL GOVERNMENT<br />
112<br />
19,20,24,35,63,<br />
lOUISIANA 6, 45<br />
M<br />
MANAGEMENT<br />
87, 104<br />
26, 46, SO, 63, 64, 66, 82,<br />
MANAGEMENT BY OBJEI';TIVES 3, 64, 62<br />
MANAGEM:ENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS<br />
27<br />
MARYLAND 14,84<br />
MASS TRANSIT SECURITY 83<br />
MEDICAL AND DENTAL SERVICES<br />
51,52<br />
50,<br />
MEDICAL RESEARCH 36<br />
MICHIGAN 28, 44. 45. 56<br />
MIDDLE EAST 60<br />
MINNESOTA 44<br />
MINORITY EMPLOYMENT " 55<br />
MINORITY RECRUITMENT 1. 55<br />
MISDE<strong>II</strong>IUNOR 56. 57. 58<br />
MISSISSIPPI 26<br />
MISSOURI 37, 45. 73<br />
MODElLAW 44<br />
MODEL PROGRAMS 29, bS. 69<br />
MODELS 101<br />
MUool.1O 92<br />
MUNICIPAL POUCE 10, 7£1<br />
N<br />
NATIONAL EVALUATION PROGRAM 71,<br />
89. 103<br />
HATl CONF OF COMMSNRS ON STATE<br />
LAW~ 108<br />
HATL CRIM JUST REFERENCE SERVICE<br />
21,38,60,74,93<br />
SUBJECT INDEX<br />
NATL INST OF LAW ENFOR AND CRIM<br />
JUST 65,69,70.71,84,89,101,102<br />
NEEDS ASSESSMENT 105,106,107<br />
NEGOTIATION 61<br />
NEIGHBORHOOD JUSTICE CENTERS 14,<br />
73<br />
NEVADA 57<br />
NEW YORK 20,69,109<br />
NON BEHAVIORAL CORRELATES OF CRIME<br />
11<br />
NORTH CAROLINA 103<br />
NORTHERN IRELAND 60<br />
o<br />
OFFENDERS 93<br />
OFFENSES 94<br />
OHIO 20,62<br />
OKLAHOMA 20, 28<br />
OMBUDSMEN 86<br />
OMNIBUS CRIME CONTROL SAFE STS ACT<br />
1<br />
OREGON 109<br />
f\\IERCROWDiNG 11<br />
p<br />
PARALEGALS 74<br />
PARAPROfESSIONAL PERSONNEL<br />
74<br />
27,<br />
PAROLE 59<br />
PARTICIPATORY MANAGEMENT 3<br />
PENNSYLVANIA 28,69<br />
PENOLOGY 23<br />
PERSONNEL ADMiNISTRATION<br />
104,106<br />
10,81,<br />
PERSONNEL SELECTION 1<br />
PHYSICAL CRIME PREVENTION 92, 97<br />
PLANNING 105,106,107<br />
PLEA NEGOTIATIONS 42,47,8&, 101<br />
POLICE 23, 43, 46, 48, 64, 82<br />
POLICE AFFIRMATIVE ACTION PROGRAMS<br />
1,55<br />
POLICE AGENCIES 83<br />
POLICE ATTITUDES 15,41<br />
POLICE CARS 53, 79<br />
POLICE COMMAND AND CONTROL 37<br />
POLICE COMMUNITY RELATIONS 92<br />
POLICE EFFECTIVENESS 77<br />
POLICE EQUIPMENT<br />
79<br />
5, 7, 13, 53, 75, 76,<br />
POLICE INFORMATION SYSTEMS 75<br />
POLICE INTERNAL AFFAIRS 15<br />
POLICE INTERNAL INVESTIGATIOf.& 15<br />
POLIC~ INTERNAL ORGANIZATIONS 82<br />
POLICE LEGAL ADVISERS 39<br />
POLICE MANAGEMENT 10,64,78,80,82<br />
POLICE MA~POWER DEPLOYMENT 103<br />
POLICE OCCUPATIONAL STRESS 80<br />
POI.ICE ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE<br />
77<br />
POLICE PATROL 34, 37<br />
POLICE PURSUIT DRIVING 53<br />
POLIC;; RESPONSE TIME 37<br />
POLICE SPOUSES 80<br />
POLICE TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS<br />
13<br />
POLICE UNIONS 10,81<br />
POLICE USE OF DEADLY FORCE 15<br />
POLrCE WEAPONS USE 15<br />
POl~CE YCUTH UNITS 68<br />
POLICY 15<br />
SUBJECT INDEX<br />
PREDICTION 72<br />
PRERELEASE CENTERS 84<br />
PRERELEASE PROGRAMS 84<br />
PRESENTENCE INVESTIGATIONS 27<br />
PRETRIAL INTERVENTION 38<br />
PRETRIAL PROCEDURES 47, 65<br />
PRETRIAL PROGRAMS 38<br />
PRETRIAL RELEASE 38<br />
PRISONERS RIGHTS 41,50,87<br />
PROACTIVE POLICE UNITS 34<br />
PltOBATI()N 25, 26, 27, 59<br />
PROBATION CONDITIONS 25<br />
PROBATION OR PAROLE AGENCIES<br />
26<br />
25,<br />
PROBATION OR PAROLE OFFICERS<br />
26,27,72<br />
25,<br />
PROBATION OR PAROLE RECORDS 26<br />
PROBATION OR PAROLE SERVICES<br />
26,27<br />
25,<br />
PROCEDURE MANUALS 7, 29, 35, 42, 43,<br />
46,47,64,65,82,66,87,105,106,107<br />
PROGRAM ABUSE 49<br />
PROGRAM ADAPTABILITY 65, 103<br />
PROGRAM COORDINATION 56, 5'1, 58<br />
PROGRAM EVALIJATION<br />
58,68,73,84,103<br />
37, 38, 56, 57,<br />
PROGRAM IMPLElIENTATION 17,73,103<br />
PROGRAM PLANNING 103<br />
PROGRAMS 109,110,111<br />
PROSECUTING ATTORNEYS 47, 48<br />
PROSECUTION 39,47<br />
PROSECUTORIAl DISCRETION 42<br />
PROSECUTORIAl SCREEWNG 42<br />
PRDSECL'TORS MANAGEMENT INFO SYS<br />
39<br />
PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT 76<br />
PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH BO<br />
PSYCHOFATHS 11,59<br />
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 3,35,63,112<br />
PUBLIC ATTITUDES 90, 91<br />
PUBLIC DEFENDERS 39<br />
PUBLIC SCHOOLS 94<br />
R<br />
RACIAL DISCRIMINATION 1,15<br />
RAPE 39,42,43,44,45,4~,47<br />
RECORDS MANAGEMENT 104,107<br />
RECRUITrJlENT 72<br />
REFERENCE MATERIALS 2'::, 134<br />
REFORM 19,20,35,44,45,59,112<br />
REGUI.;\TORY AGENC!~S 40<br />
RELEASE ON RECOOItlZANCE 38<br />
REMEDIAL A!DUCATlo.'4 10<br />
REPUBLIC OF INDIA 25<br />
RESEARCH 8,27,71,77<br />
RESEARCH AND DEVELlt)PMENT<br />
71<br />
17,70,<br />
RESEARCH METHODS 71<br />
RESEARCH PROGRAMS 71<br />
RESIDENTIAL SECURITY ~<br />
RESTITUTION 93<br />
RESTITUTION CENTERS 93<br />
RESTITUTION PROGRAMS' 93<br />
REVOLUTIONARY OR TERROR/aT GROUPS<br />
60<br />
RHODE ISLAND 20<br />
RIGHT TO TREATMEN7 50, 51<br />
ROBBERY 95, 97<br />
ROLE PERCEPTION 22<br />
RULES OF EVIDENCE 95<br />
s<br />
SCHOOL DELINQUENCY PROGRAMS 21<br />
SCHOOL SECURITY 21,94<br />
SCHOOL SECURITY OFFICERS 21,94<br />
SCHOOL VANDALISM 21,94<br />
SCHOOLS 21,94<br />
SECURITY 97<br />
SECURITY CODES AND ORDINANCES 12<br />
SECURITY SURVEILLANCE SYSTEMS 9<br />
SECURITY SYSTEMS 8,9,12,97<br />
SENIOR ADULTS 22<br />
SENTENCING 29,30,93,108<br />
SENTENCING DISPARITY 65, 108<br />
SENTENCING GUIDELINES 30,108<br />
SERVICES 69<br />
SEX DISCRIMINATION 1,41<br />
SEXUAL ASSAULT 44<br />
SEXUAL ASSAULT VICTIMS 6<br />
SHELTERS FOR BATTERED WIVES 100<br />
SHOPLIFTING 97<br />
SOCIAl. CONDITIONS 11<br />
SOUTH CAROUNA 28, 58<br />
SPECIAL PROSECUTORS 16<br />
SPECIFIC~TIONS 7, 53<br />
STANDARDS OR GOALS 5,7, 76, 106<br />
STATE-eY·STATE ANALYSES 44<br />
ST!;iE CORRECTIONAL FACILITIES 18<br />
STATE LAWS 44<br />
STATE OF I!mAEL 60<br />
STATE-oF·THE·ART ReVIEWS 24<br />
STATISTICS 72<br />
STATUTORY RAPE 46<br />
STUDENTS 74<br />
STUDIES<br />
104<br />
11.19,45,49,59,71,72,78,79,<br />
STUDY RELEASE 84<br />
SUMMARIES 78<br />
SUPERVISION 26<br />
SURVEilLANCE EQUIPMENT 39, 95<br />
SURVEYS 49,62, 72, 102<br />
SUSPECT IDENTIFICATION 43<br />
SUSPENDED SENYENCES 25<br />
SWEDEN 25<br />
T<br />
TEAM POLICING 103<br />
TECHNIQUES 104<br />
TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER 69, 71<br />
TERRORISM 60<br />
TESTING AND MEASUREMENT 5,12,65,<br />
99<br />
TEXAS 69,81<br />
THESAURI 67<br />
TRAFFIC MONITORING EQUIPMENT 13<br />
TRAINING 46<br />
TRAINING MANUALS 3, 30, 52, 63, BB,<br />
111<br />
TREATMENT 61<br />
TRIAL COURTS 5B, 57, 6B<br />
TRIAL PREPARATION 42<br />
TRIAL PROCEDURES 42<br />
v<br />
VEHICLE EQUIPMENT 79<br />
VEHICLE LOCATION MOttlTORS B, 13,37<br />
VEHICLES 79<br />
VICTIM COMPENSATION 22, 93<br />
VICTIM MEDICAL ASSISTANCE 6<br />
VICTIM SERVICES 22,42,43,108,109,<br />
110,111<br />
YOUTH SERVICES BUREAU<br />
VICTIMIZATION 45<br />
VICTIMOLOGY 90, 91<br />
VICTIMS 47, 110, 111<br />
VIDEO TAPED TESTIMONY 62<br />
VIRGINIA 20<br />
VOCATIONAL TRAINING 18<br />
VOLUNTEER PROGRAMS 6<br />
w<br />
WASHINGTON 44, 45, 69, 95<br />
WHITE COLLAR CRIMES 3,19,20,35,39,<br />
40,54,63,112<br />
WItK:ONSIN 44,109<br />
WITNESS ASSISTANCE 109,110,111<br />
WITNESSES 110,111<br />
WOMENS CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTI~i;<br />
41<br />
WORK RELEASE 39,61, B4<br />
WORKSHOPS AND SEMINARS 30, 48, 50,<br />
51,52,63,87,88,110,111<br />
y<br />
VOUTH SERVICES BUREAU 69<br />
.<br />
'I<br />
\<br />
,<br />
56<br />
57
POi<br />
.'<br />
~<br />
. ''''<br />
,<br />
J<br />
"<br />
.<br />
r<br />
1 '<br />
AUTHOR INDEX<br />
!<br />
I<br />
I'<br />
..<br />
LJ<br />
\ !<br />
• ,I<br />
A<br />
ALB I, F. J. 43<br />
ALBRIGHT, E. J. 103<br />
ALLEN, H. E. 27<br />
AUSTERN, D. T. 63<br />
B<br />
BALL, J. H. 63<br />
BELL, R. 18<br />
BELLOWS, J. B. 30<br />
BLEW, C. H. 14.109<br />
BOLAND, B. :34<br />
BOSTON, G. 22<br />
BOWERS, R. A. 49<br />
BRANTj.EY, J. R. 2, 36<br />
BRENNER, R. N. 15,21,32,80<br />
BRISSETTE, J. 54<br />
BRYANT, P. A. 66<br />
BURPO, J. H. 61<br />
c<br />
CAIN, A. A. 74, 93<br />
CALPIN, J. C. 29, 30<br />
CALVANO, N. J. 5<br />
CAPLAN,M. 4<br />
CARLSON, E. W. 28, 27<br />
CHAPPELL, D. 44<br />
CHELIMSKY, E. 56, 57. 58, 97<br />
CIZANCKAS, V. I. 63<br />
CLINARD, M. B. 54<br />
COLEMAN, M. 50<br />
COLTON, K. W. 75<br />
CONARD, E. 18<br />
COOK, R. F. 73<br />
COOPER, C. S. 104<br />
CUSHMAN, R. C. 24<br />
o<br />
DAVIS, C. 88<br />
DAY, D. A. 6<br />
DOOLITTLE, C. 107<br />
DORWORTH, B. E. 30<br />
DUBOW, F. 90.91<br />
DUNCAN, J. T. 4, 32<br />
DUNCAN, S. 80<br />
EOOAR, J. M. 62<br />
E<br />
F<br />
FECHTER, J. V. 9<br />
FERRY, J. 89, 100<br />
FISCHEL, M. 56<br />
FISHER, J. 74<br />
FLETCHER, T. 3<br />
FLETCHER,~W. 63<br />
FOWLER, r. J. , JR 92<br />
F:RIDAV, P. C. 25<br />
FRISINA, L 16<br />
G<br />
GAR DINE", J. A. 19,20<br />
GELMAN, ,~. M. 29. 30<br />
GETZELS, J. 112<br />
GLUCKSTIllRN, N. B. 50,51,52<br />
GORDON,P. 3<br />
GREENBERG, I. 64<br />
GREISINGEA, G. W. 10<br />
H<br />
HARNESS, J. 51, 52<br />
HARNESS, J. K. 50<br />
HARRIES, E. 54<br />
HEINl, A. M. 85<br />
HENTZELL, S. 3<br />
HORTON, D. M. 23, 41<br />
HOWETT, G. L 99<br />
J<br />
JACQUIN, D. 110,111<br />
JOHNSON, C. 100<br />
JONF.S,C. 21<br />
JONES, H. C. 110, 111<br />
JONES, R. N. 7<br />
JORDAN, F. , JR 83<br />
JORDAN, F. C. , JR 97<br />
K<br />
KAPLAN, G. 90, 91<br />
KEATING, J. M. 86, 67, 88<br />
KEMP, D. M. 28,31<br />
KERSETTER, W. A. 85<br />
KETTERMAN, T. 33<br />
KRAVITZ, M. 2,4,15,21,22,23,36,41,<br />
81,74,80,89,93,100<br />
KRESS, J. M. 29, 30<br />
KRUG, R. E. 17<br />
L<br />
LAFFEY,T. 18<br />
LANCER, C. 28<br />
LANGE, A. Q. 49<br />
LAPERLA,S.S. 23<br />
LARSON, G. C. 37<br />
LEGRAND, C. E. 44<br />
LEVINE, M. 61<br />
LEWIS, A. C. 53<br />
LEWIS, E. , JR 53<br />
LOCKARD, J. L 32<br />
LOCKE, H. G. 55<br />
l.UBANS, V. A. 82.<br />
LUTZ, J. G. 18<br />
LYMAN, T. R. 19,63<br />
LYMON, T.J~. 20<br />
M<br />
MCCABE, E. 90, 91<br />
MCCALLA, M. E. 92<br />
MANGIONE, T. W. 92<br />
MANIKAS, P. 35<br />
MANNING, P. K. 77, 78<br />
MATHEWS, K. E. , JR 102<br />
MATHLESS, P. 88<br />
MILLER, P. V. 18<br />
MOLKUP, J. J. 10<br />
MOLOF, M. 83<br />
MOUNT, C. H. 66<br />
MOY, W. 83<br />
MUNSTERMAN, G. T. 66<br />
NALLEY, P. G.<br />
NEUSE, M.A.<br />
NITZBERG, R.<br />
OTTEN, L 11,58<br />
PABST, W. n. J. R.<br />
N<br />
26,31<br />
50,51,5~ 110. 111<br />
22<br />
o<br />
p<br />
6A<br />
,<br />
,<br />
Preceding page blank<br />
59<br />
I
.1<br />
am<br />
PACKARD, R.<br />
AUTHOR INDEX<br />
I<br />
, ~<br />
) .<br />
\ Ok<br />
,<br />
PACKARD, Po. 51,52<br />
PACKARD, R. W. 50<br />
PARKS, Eo C. 27<br />
PATMON, C. 50,51,52<br />
PETRASHEK, D. 54<br />
PROTESS, D. 35<br />
R<br />
REDUNOER, L. J. 77, 78<br />
REICH, J. A. 42, 44, 47<br />
ROBER1SON, E. M.<br />
ROEHL, J. A. 73<br />
9, 62<br />
ROSE,A.M. 17<br />
ROSENBLUM, R. 14<br />
ROSENBLUM, R. H. 109<br />
ROTHMAN, D. J. 59<br />
ROVNER.pIECZENIK, R. 68<br />
RUBEL, R. 21<br />
RUSSELL, L. S. 97<br />
s<br />
SASFY, J. 56, 57, 58<br />
SAULSBERY, L. F. 7<br />
SCANLON, J. W. 28, 31<br />
SCHILlER, J. 110,111<br />
SCHRAM, D. D. 45, 48<br />
SCHUBERT, J. G. 17<br />
SCOTT, W. W. ,JR 13<br />
SHEPPARD, D. I. 73<br />
SHER, A. H. 98<br />
SHORT, E. H. 107<br />
BIEGEL, L 83<br />
SIEGEL, L. G. 103<br />
SIMON,C. 18<br />
SIMON, J. W. 37<br />
SLOVAK, J. S. 10<br />
SPAID, O. 110, 111<br />
SPAID, O. A. 30, 63<br />
SPANOENBERG,R.L. 16<br />
STAKELON, A. E. 18<br />
STEINBERG, S. S. 110<br />
STENBAKKEN, O. N. 98<br />
STRACK, J. 83<br />
STRACK, J. R. 97<br />
STUDEN, L. R. a<br />
WHITCOMB, D. 6, 16, 95<br />
W/WA<strong>II</strong>S, J. R. 77, 78<br />
WILSON, J. Q. 34<br />
WORKfAAN, J. L. 7<br />
WYNNE, J. M. , JR 24<br />
y<br />
YEAGER, P. C. 54<br />
z<br />
ZWEIBEL, G. J. 40<br />
THUROW, C •. 112<br />
TOBIN, R. 105,106<br />
ULBERG, C. 46<br />
T<br />
u<br />
v<br />
VIANO, E. C. 110,111<br />
w<br />
WALDHORN, S. A. 19,20<br />
WALlER, J. D. 28,31<br />
WASSERMAN, R. 64<br />
WEBSTER, S. H. 102<br />
"<br />
60<br />
I
"<br />
1<br />
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U.S. Department of <strong>Justice</strong><br />
<strong>National</strong> Institute of <strong>Justice</strong><br />
Official Business<br />
Penalty for Private Usc SJOO<br />
Postaae and Fees Paid<br />
U.S. Deparlmenl of Juslice<br />
Jus 436<br />
Third Class<br />
Bulk Rate"<br />
Washington. D.C. 205JI<br />
"<br />
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