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0 correctional agencies in designing, implementing, and evaluating programs that are responsive to the drug treatment needs of their prison populations. The current project built upon a collaborative research partnership between Temple University’s Center for Public Policy (CPP) and the Pennsylvania Department of Corrections (PA- DOC) that began in 1999. As part of a demonstration project, we conducted a statewide assessment of prison-based Alcohol or Other Drug (AOD) treatment programming, including identification of critical service delivery components and goals, and an intensive on-site process evaluation of AOD programs at two institutions. Results from that project have influenced departmental AOD treatment policies, and led to development of an AOD treatment program database that helped guide the design of the present study. A Steering Committee consisting of senior executive, research and treatment personnel fiom the Pennsylvania Department of Corrections and Center for Public Policy researchers was formed to guide research activity and facilitate the department’s overall research agenda. This group continues to meet regularly to provide oversight of the research process and consider the larger organizational and policy issues that the research raises. Steering Committee members participated in the entire oversight of this project. Findings were presented and discussed at Steering Committee meetings, and members provided numerous helphl comments on an earlier draft of this report. Research Desipn and Methodolow We examined in-treatment measures and multiple post-release outcomes for inmates who participated in TC drug treatment programs (n = 742) or comparison groups (n = 2,029) at five 0 state prisons. Matched comparison groups made up of TC-eligible inmates participating in less intensive forms of treatment (e.g., short-term drug education and outpatient treatment groups) at 4 This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice.
e the same five institutions were constructed based upon known predictors such as drug dependency, need for treatment and criminal history. Process and outcome measures incorporated a range of institutional, intermediate (e.g., attitudinal and behavioral change, participation in treatment) and post-release measures (e.g., drug relapse, rearrest and reincarceration, employment, levels of parole supenision). At the time of this report, 247 TC inmates and 803 Comparison inmates had been released fiom prison, with follow-up periods extending up to 18 months (mean = 11 months). We continue to track releases and recidivism for the entire sample’. Below we summarize our major findings, recommendations and conclusions. Details of analyses and fkther discussion are provided in the full Final Report for this project. Maior Findiws a 0 In order to properly account for treatment exposure, researchers need to account for multiple admissions into prison drug treatment programs. In this sample, 2,891 inmates accounted for over 4,500 admissions into various AOD treatment programs. 0 Offenders in TC received nearly 20 times the treatment “dose” compared to offenders in less intensive programs. 0 We found positive effects of TC treatment, but for successful program graduates only (not failures), and mainly upon reincarceration rates (but not rearrest or drug relapse rates). The TC group had a signikantly lower rate of reincarceration (1 9%) than the Comparison group (26%). The Pennsylvania Commission on Crime and Delinquency has provided additional funding to track post-release outcomes (Subgrant No. DS- 19- 1 1 188). 5 This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice.
Page 1 and 2: The author(s) shown below used Fede
Page 3 and 4: Table of Contents Executive Summary
Page 5: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Evaluation of Pri
Page 9 and 10: 0 0 Treatment staff showed a high l
Page 11 and 12: Policy Issues and Recommendations R
Page 13 and 14: 1. Overview In fro duction Like oth
Page 15 and 16: a years old. Offenders were serving
Page 17 and 18: integrated into the other activitie
Page 19 and 20: e repeatedly incarcerated, but untr
Page 21 and 22: 0 According to a recent report by t
Page 23 and 24: e and Camacho, 1997), and the Feder
Page 25 and 26: 8% lower reincarceration rate compa
Page 27 and 28: e reincarcerated, compared to only
Page 29 and 30: e of less violence and greater drug
Page 31 and 32: included those clients who graduate
Page 33 and 34: e conjunction with the National Ins
Page 35 and 36: @ drug use than untreated women (35
Page 37 and 38: 9 serve, then they were removed fio
Page 39 and 40: programming per week (mean = 30 hr/
Page 41 and 42: participation in treatment) and pos
Page 43 and 44: 1990; Bonta, 1996; Jones, 1996). Th
Page 45 and 46: Admission and Classification. 1 I I
Page 47 and 48: e or both’*. TC clients were aske
Page 49 and 50: e Post-release indicators focused u
Page 51 and 52: a Independent Variables One excelle
Page 53 and 54: state prison system. The test-retes
Page 55 and 56: e high correlation with the Beck De
Page 57 and 58:
The social conformity scale has dis
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e (Simpson, 1997). Items assess the
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@ Sample Characteristics For each i
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~~ 0 inmates participated in AOD pr
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~ ~~ a Table 5 Treatment Exposure:
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Inmates in the four program types d
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dichotomous outcomes such as reinca
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We also observed statkg ratios (inm
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e until they are mandated to go, so
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a Table 8 Inmate Characteristics bv
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more counselors and that the progra
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Waymart. Inmates attend a morning m
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current TC inmates (REST and CRC fo
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~ ~~~~ e However, a number of inmat
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e Counselor ratings of client attri
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@ process across the five programs,
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Table 10 Mean CRC Scores: Time 1, T
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Table 12 Mean CRC Scores: Paired Sa
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Table 14 ChanPes in Ratings of Trea
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DOC custody for a parole violation,
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0 Table 15 Number and Type of Relea
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Because few inmates had been releas
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0 Table 16 Reincarceration SamDle C
Page 103 and 104:
0 Table 18 Lopistic Repression of R
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Table 19 Survival Analvsis: Life Ta
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Rearrests Rearrest analyses were ba
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Table20 ~~~ Rearrest Sample Charact
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Table 22 LoPistic Repression of Rea
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Table 23 Survival Analvsis: Life Ta
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e Drug Relapse and Other Parole Dat
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successfill discharges only), the e
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treatment, psychological hctioning)
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Table 25 Logistic Repression of Dru
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i Comparison Group TC Group Note. E
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c 0 E 40% icr E Cresson Graterford
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Hazard Function V C comparison grou
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For each of the three dependent var
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V. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
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Employment may help prevent drug re
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group did get some treatment help
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Recommendations: 2. Correctional ad
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an inmate gets closer to hisher min
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Findings suggested that certain inm
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e Finding: TC programs varied littl
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an evaluation study can be linked w
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and Ryder, 2001; Travis and Petersi
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References Andrews, Donald A. (1995
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Derogatis, L.R., H. Yevzeroff, and
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Hiller, Matthew L.; Knight, Kevin,
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the Physician Leadership on Nationa
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Palmer, Ted. (1995) "Programmatic a
Page 159 and 160:
Simpson, D. Dwayne (1994) TCUPTA Fo
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U.S. Department of Justice (1998) S
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Criminal Justice. U.S. GPO. No. 198
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Appendix I. Overview of DOC Databas
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INMATE RECORDS SYSTEM This database
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Inmate (Program Participant) Interv
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' Appendix 3. Subject Consent Form
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Confidentiali@/Anonymitv I understa
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DRUG SCREEN PLEASE COMPLETE ALL INF
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@ Appendix 5. TCU Resident Evaluati
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EVALUATION OF SELF AND TIiEATMENT (
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EVALUATION OF SELF AND TREATMENT (C
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EVALUATION OF SELF AND TREATMENT (C
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Appendix 6. TCU Counselor Rating of
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COUNSELOR RATING OF CLIENT (CONTINU
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@ INDIVIDUAL PROGRAM REPORTS: DOC-T
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pattern, chemical abuse and health
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~ on the inmate with respect to pre
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1. Presence of AOD problem that has
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@ and consists of suggestions on ho
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0 tasks, the inmate must receive a
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StaffDemographics (fidl time AOD st
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@ provided describing drug and alco
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The Inmate Handbook also lists reas
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Examples of Phase I1 problem areas
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counselor and through institutional
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9. What are the criteria for succes
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and then listing an alternative ass
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Finally, in Phase IV the inmate is
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INDIVIDUAL PROGRAM REPORTS: DOC-TEM
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Specific Program Content and Struct
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Name of Staff Member: Job Title: Hi
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