A Method for Data Interaction of Large-Scale Distributed Battle ...

divided battlefield entity behaviors into six types: command
and control entity, sensor entity, resource management entity
and other entity. Based on the roles which the entities play in
information actions and the types of “Produced / Consumed”
data, they divided entity into four types: platform entity,
cognizing entity, communication entity and command entity.
In a word, the purpose of sorting is to organize data
interaction in class form.
1) Platform class entity: They indicate war platforms
such as warship, plane, missile and ect. In simulation these
entity main task is to simulate its behaviors such as platform
maneuvering and etc. It mainly create the position, state and
maneuvering and other data.
2) Cognizing class entity: It also called sensor entity
refers to various sensors with capabilities of detection,
including radar, sonar, electronic surveillance and other
equipment. In Simulation, the main task of such nodes is to
form a detection result information fighting platform based
on the objective situation information generated by the war
platform node. They subdivided into two types of cognizing
entities: active and passive sensing entities. Active sensing
entities affect objective environment when they are
detecting, such as radar; while passive sensing entities work
through analyzing objective environmental changes, such as
electronic surveillance equipment.
3) Command class entity: It refers to all kinds and levels
of ommand posts such as formate command posts, campaign
group command posts, war zone command posts and so on.
In simulation, the task of such nodes is to receive
transmitted data from communication nodes and form a
decision-making situation for the commander。
4) Communication class entity: It refers to the various
communication links for data transmission, including cable
links, satellite communication links, data links and so on. It
is responsible for transferring data from one/several entities
to another/several e entities. In simulation, such nodes’ task
is transferring the detect result information from the sensor
nodes to the command post nodes and transferring situation
information between the command post node. For example,
it transfers cognizing information from a radar entity to a
command entity. Modeling concerns communication
bandwidth, communication capabilities and so on.
This classification approach is consistent with the OODA
loop model (Observe, Orient, Decide, Act) made by John R.
Boyd. In this model, each type of entity can match a
command and control functions, as shown in Fig.1. As the
basic of command and control process, Communication is a
separately class.
In simulation, the various type of nodes exist fixed
supply and demand relationship, as shown in Tab. 1.
B. Situation layering
The purpose of developing battle simulation system is to
train military decision-making person’s ability of situation
cognition. Situation cognition is to grasp real-time elements
and patterns with the individual’s goals in the dynamical
strong change scenarios. In the actual campaign process,
situation is to display the battle situation images from the
output information of various types of sensors. It reflects the
current external environment, conditions, object state and
other elements relevant to decision-makers’ service goals. It
is a set of records of feature vectors of targets and element
state relevant to actions purpose, such as platform type,
location, speed and so on. It is based on the “cognizing facts”,
rather than “objective facts”. It is cognizing results of
cognizing entity to “objective facts”.
Figure 1. Entity’s Rule in OODA Model
TABLE I. DATA PRODUCED OR CONSUMED BY ENTITY SIMULATION
MODEL
Entity Type Production Data Consumption Data
Platform Entity
Platform Situation
Information
-
Cognizing Entity
Cognizing Situation Platform Situation
information
Information
Communication
Entity
Command Situation
Information
Cognizing Situation
Information,
Command Situation
Information
Command Entity Decision Conclusion Command Situation
Information
To simulation system, the battle simulation require
“objective situation” constituted by the "objective facts", "
cognizing situation " constituted by “cognizing facts” and
“command situation”. The same platform entity may form a
physical output in a number of cognizing entity. Meanwhile
a piece of cognizing information may be sent to several
command entities. Therefore, the interactive data volume is
an inverted pyramid structure, the toper the data are, the
more information need to deliver. As shown in Figure 2, a
large amount of data exchange make a large-scale battle
simulation system to be characterized as complex systems,
while the stratification is a common method to solve this
complex problem, such as the International Organization for
Standardization OSI (Open System Interconnect Reference
Model) 7-layer network protocols. According to the data
effectiveness in the simulation system, the situation data is
divided into the following three layers.
1) Objective situation layer: It refers to simulation of
BSE’s true state in the objective environment. It include
physical situation (visible), the electromagnetic situation
(invisible) and so on. It is the environment where various
types of sensors work in simulation. The U.S. military called
it SNE (Synthetic Natural Environment) [3].
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