W. C a r e w H a z l i t t Coinage of the European Continent

Catalogue of European Mints 73
Antignate, a mint of the Bentivoglio family, in the Bergamasque
territory, Lombardy. Giovanni Bentivoglio
I. and II. (1401-2, 1449-
1
509) both struck money here in gold and silver the scudo and doppio
:
sctido (of which latter there are two types) and the zecchino in gold, and
the bianco, testone, and half-testone in silver. Only the coins of the second
Bentivoglio bear the name those of the first have Bononia docet and
;
^V. Petroni de Bonon., with the papal type of St. Petronius holding the
Church in his right hand. On the gold money of Giovanni 1 1., Bentivoglio,
we find a charming portrait with the close-fitting berretta. The reverse
of a zecchino of Giovanni II., Bentivoglio, reads Maximiliani Mvnvs,
which probably refers to the right of coinage accorded by the Emperor.
Antwerp, a busy seat of coinage from the Middle Ages down to the
present century for local money of low values and for that of the successive
rulersof the Southern Netherlands. John III., Duke of Brabant, 1312-55,
used this mint. A type of the gros tournois was struck here in the I3th
c. In 1584, during the blockade byAlessandro Farnese, Duke of Parma,
Spanish Governor of the Low Countries, the ecu robustus and its divisions
were coined for the use of the besieged and in
; 1814 independent pieces
of 10 and 5 centimes appeared, bearing the respective initials or monograms
of Napoleon
I. and Louis XVIII. M.M. a hand.
Aosta, a mint of the Counts and Dukes of Savoy, 1393-1590. Avgvste
Pretorie.
Aquila, in the Abruzzi, Italy, a place of royal coinage in the I4th and
1
5th c. The sovereigns of Naples from Louis I. of Anjou (1382-84) to
Ferdinand I. of Arragon (1458-94) employed this mint. They struck the
bolognino and its half in silver, and the cavallo in copper. There is also
a copper cavallo of Innocent VIII. (1484-92) belonging here, as well as a
coin of Charles VIII. of France, and a sestino in the same metal of Louis
XII. of France. Ay., Aqla, or De Aqvila.
Aquileia, on the Adriatic, a seat of the coinage of the patriarchs from
the 1 2th to the I5th c. The denaro, mezzo-denaro, and picciolo,
all in
silver, were struck here. The fabric of the earlier pieces resembles that of
the mediaeval Mantuan denari, both being alike loans from the Lombard
bracteate or semi-bracteate types. The first known issue with a name is
the denaro ofVolckervon Leubrechts-Kirchen (1204-1218) with Volker P.
and the seated figure of the patriarch, and on the rev. Civitas Aqvilegia.
The arms on the rev. of an Aquileian denaro of Antonio II. Panciera
(1402-18) are partly borrowed on the Venetian money for Dalmatia,
struck about 1414. The adoption of this cognisance was surely influenced
by the consideration of the excellent quality of the patriarchal money and
of the prestige which his ecclesiastical rank carried with it.
Arches, Dept. of Vosges, 36 miles from Nancy, a mint of the Dukes
of Nevers in the 17th c. The coins are chiefly liards and doubles
tournois in copper (1601-62). The liards of Charles II. appear to be
the earliest (1601-37).
Arenberg. See Armberg.
Arezzo, a mint of Hugo, Marquis of Tuscany, loth c. (Carlovingian
types), and during the republican epoch in the 1 3th- 1 4th c. The types
were the :
grosso and half-grosso in silver, the denaretto in billon, and the
quattrino in copper. A bishop (Guido Tarlato di Pietramala) struck
money here in 1313. The mint was suspended during the Florentine rule.
Some of the early money bears the name and bust of the patron saint,
San Donate.
Aries, a mint of Carloman, son of Louis le Debonnaire, and of Charles