W. C a r e w H a z l i t t Coinage of the European Continent

W. C a r e w H a z l i t t Coinage of the European Continent W. C a r e w H a z l i t t Coinage of the European Continent

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514 The Coins of Europe Pillars cannot be received as an independent proof of colonial origin or destination. The money of Charles V., Philip II., and their successors, exhibited relatively very slight changes so far as the internal currency was concerned, but necessarily acquired increased volume and variety, as the political circumstances of the country experienced development either of a permanent or temporary character. Spain has at different times struck coins for Portugal. Italy. Sicily. Sardinia. The Balearic Isles. The Netherlands. Mexico. Chihuahua. The Philippines. To which we have to add England in two senses in respect of the money with the names of Philip and Mary, and of that with the name of Philip alone. On the other hand, England has had since the commencement of the present century its own occasional currency for Gibraltar, 1 while the occupation of parts of the kingdom by the French in the time of Louis XIII. and XIV., and nearer to our own days by Napoleon, has left tolerably copious numismatic reminiscences behind it in the shape of what must be classed altogether as money of necessity. Joseph Napoleon alone, during his brief and precarious tenure of sovereignty, struck coins at Madrid and and denominations elsewhere in all metals of the usual types with his portrait and with the arms of Leon and Castile, charged with the French eagle (in lieu of the fleurs-de-lis) ; his 4-reales piece of 1812 corresponds in weight and size to the 2 reales of Ferdinand VII., and his 20 reales similarly represents the 8 reales of the normal standard. But in estimating the relative value of the money of the Napoleonic regime, the reduced weight of the real has to be taken into 1 See Mr. H. Montagu's Catalogue of Colonial Coins, sold May 3, 4, 1892, Nos. 23-26.

Descriptive Outline of the Coinages of E2irope 515 1 account. In the course of the few years (iSio-13) which witnessed this divided authority, the accumulation of Franco- Spanish money, or of special issues, was probably considerable ; and the rescllado of 1821 may represent a certain proportion of it melted down and recoined. Isabel II.: 4 reales, Isabel II.: 3 cuartos for Catalufia, 1838. A cabinet dedicated to Spanish coins only, not excluding those struck by the house of Arragon for Sicily and by Charles V. and his immediate successors for the Two Sicilies, would form a serious and costly enterprise, and would comprehend an enormous body of material, especially if the owner elected to admit the Oriental or Arab section, and to make room for the vast stores which remain of the coinages of the various Mohammedan dynasties in gold, silver, and copper produced either on Spanish or African soil. The task is of course prodigiously simplified where the eclectic or representative plan can be adopted, and the choice is restricted to pieces remarkable for their typical interest, historical importance, beauty of style, or rarity ; and on such classes that basis we conclude our sketch by scheduling or examples as appear to be most essential and most attractive : The very early dated specimens of the Mohammedan coinage, with the year of the Indiction or Hegira, including those struck in the Alhambra. The earlier money (dinheri and cornadt) of Castile and Leon, and of Arragon, before the union. The gold coins of Peter the Cruel and other rulers both of Castile and Leon and of Arragon, fourteenth century. 1 See Catalogue of Mints, vv. " Barcelona" and " Franco-Spanish Mints " ; and Catalogue of Denom., v. "Quarto."

Descriptive Outline <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Coinage</strong>s <strong>of</strong> E2irope 515<br />

1<br />

account. In <strong>the</strong> course <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> few years (iSio-13) which<br />

witnessed this divided authority, <strong>the</strong> accumulation <strong>of</strong> Franco-<br />

Spanish money, or <strong>of</strong> special issues, was probably considerable<br />

;<br />

and <strong>the</strong> rescllado <strong>of</strong> 1821 may represent a certain<br />

proportion<br />

<strong>of</strong> it<br />

melted down and recoined.<br />

Isabel II.: 4 reales,<br />

Isabel II.: 3<br />

cuartos for Catalufia, 1838.<br />

A cabinet dedicated to Spanish coins only, not excluding<br />

those struck by <strong>the</strong> house <strong>of</strong> Arragon for Sicily and by<br />

Charles V. and his immediate successors for <strong>the</strong> Two Sicilies,<br />

would form a serious and costly enterprise, and would comprehend<br />

an enormous body <strong>of</strong> material, especially if <strong>the</strong><br />

owner elected to admit <strong>the</strong> Oriental or Arab section, and to<br />

make room for <strong>the</strong> vast stores which remain <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> coinages<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> various Mohammedan dynasties in gold, silver, and<br />

copper produced ei<strong>the</strong>r on Spanish or African soil. The<br />

task is <strong>of</strong> course prodigiously simplified where <strong>the</strong> eclectic or<br />

representative plan can be adopted, and <strong>the</strong> choice is restricted<br />

to pieces remarkable for <strong>the</strong>ir typical interest,<br />

historical importance, beauty <strong>of</strong> style, or rarity ;<br />

and on<br />

such classes<br />

that basis we conclude our sketch by scheduling or examples as appear to be most essential and most<br />

attractive :<br />

The very early dated specimens <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Mohammedan coinage, with<br />

<strong>the</strong> year <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Indiction or Hegira, including those struck in<br />

<strong>the</strong> Alhambra.<br />

The earlier money (dinheri and cornadt) <strong>of</strong> Castile and Leon, and<br />

<strong>of</strong> Arragon, before <strong>the</strong> union.<br />

The gold coins <strong>of</strong> Peter <strong>the</strong> Cruel and o<strong>the</strong>r rulers both <strong>of</strong> Castile<br />

and Leon and <strong>of</strong> Arragon, fourteenth century.<br />

1<br />

See Catalogue <strong>of</strong> Mints, vv. " Barcelona" and " Franco-Spanish Mints " ;<br />

and Catalogue <strong>of</strong> Denom., v. "Quarto."

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