W. C a r e w H a z l i t t Coinage of the European Continent

4 1 2 The Coins of Europe
but which appeared
still earlier. Gorkum or Gorinchen is
famous for the original contrefafon of the English noble.
The siege-pieces connected with the Northern Netherlands
form a subject in themselves. The places for which
they were chiefly struck were Breda, Campen, Daventer,
Groningen, Maestricht, Utrecht ;
but scarcely a foot of
ground on this soil is without some association of the kind.
As complete a view of them as could be supplied in such
a work as the present has been incorporated with the
Catalogues.
The Batavian Republic
(1795-1806)
The Provinces formed themselves in 1795 into a commonwealth,
and created in this manner an epoch in the
monetary annals, although the coinage was exclusively of
the existing types. The Republic struck at Utrecht, Middelburgh,
Hoorn, Dordrecht, and Daventer the gold ducat,
the rijksdaalder, the gulden, and the dute or doit. The dates
range between 1795 and 1806. The mint at Daventer
seems to have been most sparingly employed. The colonial
series was now continued, as usual, by the respective members
of the Union with the old mottoes down to 1807, when a
different system and style were adopted. The stuiver of
1799 for Java, of thick fabric, with the Savoyard knot,
belongs to this regime.
Kingdom of Holland
(1806- 10)
In 1794-95 the Batavian Republic had superseded the
Government of the United Provinces under a Stadtholder,
and in i 806 the kingdom of Holland was created in favour
of Louis Napoleon, brother of the Emperor. It lasted till
1810; and from 1810 to 1814 the Netherlands were united