W. C a r e w H a z l i t t Coinage of the European Continent

Descriptive Outline of the Coinages of Europe 405
The Dukes of Saxony ceded their interest as Governors of
Friesland to the house of Austria ;
but the latter do not
appear to have issued any special money for this dependency.
Counts, afterward Dukes, of Gueldres
Gueldres became a county in 1019 and a duchy in
1339. It was incorporated with Juliers in 1371, with
Egmont in 1423, and with Burgundy in 1472. But the
house of Egmont continued down to a much later date to
strike money as Dukes of Gueldres, Juliers, and Zutphen,
and we also find coins with the names of Charles III. of
Lorraine (1555-1608), William, Duke of Juliers, and Philip
II. of Spain (1556-98), either intended to circulate here or
to assert a title to the sovereignty. Gueldres, in common
with the rest of the Low Countries, formed part of the
United Provinces till the Revolution, and of the French
dominions till
1814, when it was divided between Prussia
and Holland.
The whole interest for the present purpose centres in
the coinage of the autonomous counts and dukes from the
twelfth century, when the surviving memorials commence,
down to the absorption in Burgundy, and in that of the province,
when it struck independent money as a member of the
Confederation. The reign of Count Henry (1134-63) constitutes
the starting-point with the normal denier, which was
imitated from the types of Holland and Brabant, but on
reverse exhibited the ancient cognisance of the seigneurs
three medlar flowers. Between the thirteenth and fourteenth
centuries the money in use had been considerably improved
and extended by the introduction of larger denominations
and gold. On some of the grooten or gros and florins of
this period there are heraldic or other indications of a
common currency for two or more townships
: one has
A.N.R.S. in the cantonments of the cross for Arnhem,
Nimmhegen, Ruremonde, and Sutphen or Zutphen. The
mints were Arnhem, Ruremonde, Hardewijk, and Venlo.
The gold types were the florin and rijder or cavalier.