W. C a r e w H a z l i t t Coinage of the European Continent

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POLISH COINS, i6TH-i8TH C. Sigismund II.: 3 groschen, 1536. Sigismund III.: 6 groschen, 1596. John III. Sobieski : gold ducat, 1677. Stanislas II., last King of Poland : thaler, 1766.
Descriptive Outline of the Coinages of Europe 355 (1501-6), and on later pieces, including an exceedingly rare copper solidus of 1568 by far the earliest production in that metal yet noticed. The little piece is as it was struck, before it was cut from the sheet of copper by some negligent or defective process, which mutilated two transfers from the die. the Livonia was the monetary seat of the Grand Masters of the Fraternity of St. Mary, who struck gold and silver coins during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries till Livonia. Order merged in the person of Gothard Ketler in Duchy of 11563 in the duchy of Courland, of which the Courland. , ~ . original currency was on the Polish model, but suffered modifying influences from successive political changes down to 1795. The Archbishop of Riga, the Bishop of Dorbat, Magnus, Duke of Holstein, and some of the Kings of Sweden, used the mints at Riga, Hapsal, Arensburg, and Narva, in this district or in Esthonia. Some account of this temporary State from 1815, when it was created by the Treaty of Vienna, to November 1846, when Republic of it was annexed to Austria, will be found in Cracow, the Catalogue of Mints. The title of Duke of Prussia was assumed by the Kings of Poland from Sigismund I., who on a 3 groschen of 1536 styles himself Do To Prussi , and by the Mar- East Prussia. _ . graves of Brandenburgh subsequently to the seizure by Brandenburgh of the possessions of the Teutonic Order. Poland had at one time exercised at least a nominal sovereignty over the whole of this margraviat, and her kings, down to the end of the seventeenth century, are termed on their coinage Grand Dukes of Livonia, Prussia, and Russia. John Casimir claims, in addition, to be King of Sweden, by which we may, perhaps, understand Swedish Pomerania. Frederic Augustus I. and II. term themselves simply Rex Pol. or Poloniarum ; but the native princes, although they eventually relinquished their titular pretensions over Prussia and Russia, always adhered to Livonia the ancient home of the Jagellons. Even after the annexation to Brandenburgh, about 1525, East Prussia was long held as a fief of
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COINAGE EUROPEAN CONTINENT
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THE COINAGE OF THE EUROPEAN CONTINE
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PREFACE IT is hoped that the follow
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' TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE . FACE
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Table of Contents xi DESCRIPTIVE OU
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Xlll continued. PAGE Lucca 452 Geno
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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Philip IV. of
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List of Illustrations xvii' PAGE 33
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INTRODUCTION I THE unabated and gen
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Introduction 3 to the wants, feelin
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Introduction 5 more centralised con
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Introduction 7 ing ideas and possib
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Napoleon Introduction 9 healthy emu
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Introduction 1 1 A scrutiny of the
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Introdiiction \ 3 centralisation. A
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Introduction 1 5 France by the Arab
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Introduction 1 7 certain resemblanc
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Introduction 1 9 VII The Low Countr
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Introduction 2 I autonomous coins o
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Introduction 2 3 numismatic annals
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Introduction 2 5 of France from the
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Introduction 2 7 her frontier exten
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Introduction 29 concave fabric of t
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Introduction 3 1 number, as in Fran
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Introduction 33 began to appear on
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Introduction 35 and by co-operative
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the lowest depths ^ve cry unto Tkee
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Introduction 39 placed on the coina
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Introduction 4 1 indecision as to t
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Introduction 43 It was upon the las
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Introduction 45 The use of copper a
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Introduction 4 7 material for fabri
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Introduction 49 Immense quantities
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Introduction 5 1 a new type and of
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Introduction 53 regime purely from
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fniroduction 5 5 disregard of econo
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Introduction 5 7 repeated, Was boun
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Introduction 59 date or the value w
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Introduction 6 1 the Hand, just as
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Introduction 63 contenting himself
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Introduction 65 commercial detail ;
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THREE CATALOGUES: I. CATALOGUE OF E
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70 The Coins of Europe were issued
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72 ' The Coins of Europe and mezzo-
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74 The Coins of Europe le Gros, and
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76 The Coins of Europe and Dukes of
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78 The Coins of Europe Kalmiintz, K
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8o The Coins of Europe usually disp
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82 The Coins of Europe Vettore Emma
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84 The Coins of Europe Guben, Havel
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86 The Coins of Europe Brussels, an
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88 The Coins of Europe republic. Bu
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go The Coins of Europe common with
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92 The Coins of Europe during the r
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94 The Coins of Europe Corfu. A coi
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96 The Coins of Europe pacification
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98 The Coins of Europe tion-money b
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ioo The Coins of Europe Eichstadt,
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' iO2 The Coins of Europe We find i
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IO4 The Coins of Europe Fossombrone
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io6 The Coins of Europe Fumes, W. F
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io8 The Coins of Europe Gliickstadt
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1 1 o The Coins of Europe Gruitrode
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1 1 2 7Yie Coins of Europe Jacob, L
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1 1 4 The Coins of Europe the 1 7th
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1 1 6 The Coins of Eiirope place st
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1 1 8 The Coins of E^lrope Charles
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I2O The Coins of Europe Boufflers,
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122 The Coins of Europe Lucera, in
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124 The Coins of Europe etc., and a
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126 The Coins of Europe of 2, 4, 8,
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128 The Coins of Europe Meddersheim
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1 30 The Coins of E^lrope Messina,
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132 The Coins of Europe the lordshi
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134 The Coins of Europe the Kings o
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136 The Coins of Europe in 1155. Tw
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138 The Coins of Europe Neufchateai
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1 40 The Coins of Europe Oberwesel,
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142 The Coins of Europe curious cop
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144 The Coins of Europe hours durin
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146 The Coins of Europe and during
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148 The Coins of Europe We have bef
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150 The Coins of Europe Eiffel, Neu
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152 The Coins of Europe mark was, l
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154 The Coins of Europe other of 15
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156 The Coins of Europe Saint-Venan
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158 The Coins of Europe on obv., an
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160 The Coins of Europe money was p
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1 62 The Coins of Europe Smallenber
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164 The Coins of Europe among which
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1 66 The Coins of Europe Tagliacozz
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1 68 The Coins of Europe left, OLL
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1 70 The Coins of Europe bracteates
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172 The Coins of Europe Vannes, a m
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1 74 The Coins of Europe chiefly fo
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176 The Coins of Europe here or at
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178 The Coins of Europe Yennc, a mi
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II. CATALOGUE OF EUROPEAN DENOMINAT
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Catalogue of European Denominations
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1 Catalogue of European Denominatio
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Catalogue of Eiiropean Denomination
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. Catalogue of European Denominatio
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. Catalogue of Eiiropean Denominati
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' 'Catalogue of European Denominati
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.Catalogue of E^tropean Denominatio
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'Catalogite of European Denominatio
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. Catalogue of European Denominatio
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Catalogite of European Denomination
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Catalogiie of European Denomination
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246 The Coins of Europe 1460 John a
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248 The Coins of Europe 1409 Bernar
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250 The Coins of Europe Electors of
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252 The Coins of Europe Electors of
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254 The Coins of Europe 1 109 Wladi
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256 The Coins of Europe 1025 Miecis
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258 The Coins of Europe 1660 Charle
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260 The Coins of Europe Dukes of At
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262 The Coins of Europe Counts and
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264 The Coins of Europe Counts of W
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266 The Coins of Europe 1218 Arnoul
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268 The Coins of Europe Dukes of Fe
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270 The Coins of Europe 1466 Galeaz
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272 The Coins of Europe 1253 Pietro
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274 The Coins of Europe 1105 Roger
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276 The Coins of Europe Anglo-Galli
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2 7 8 The Coins of Eiiropc 1127 Gui
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280 The Coins of Europe Counts of B
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282 The Coins of Europe 1248 Alice
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284 The Coins of Europe 1125 Roger
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286 The Coins of Europe 1 60 1 -8 J
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288 The Coins of Europe Dukes of No
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Seigneurs de Sully 1398 1446 George
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The Coins of Europe IX. SPAIN Kings
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I. GERMANY CONFORMABLY with the pri
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Descriptive Outline of the Coinages
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Page 327 and 328: Descriptive Outline of the Coinages
Page 341 and 342: Brunswick-Luneburg : triple thaler,
Page 345 and 346: ' Descriptive Outline of the Coinag
Page 351 and 352: PRUSSIAN COINS, HTH-i8TH c. Schilli
Page 359 and 360: COI'NS OF AUSTRIA AND THE TYROL, 14
Page 375 and 376: Descriptive O^ltline of the Coinage
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Page 387 and 388: RUSSIAN COINS (CHIEFLY PATTERNS), 1
Page 411 and 412: Descriptive OiUline of the Coinages
Page 417 and 418: COINS OF THE SOUTHERN NETHERLANDS.
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Batavia : 48 stuiver, 1645. Arg. (c
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' Descriptive Outline of the Coinag
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COINS OF THE NORTHERN NETHERLANDS.
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RULERS OF THE NETHERLANDS. Charles
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Descriptive O^ltline of the Coinage
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VENETIAN COINS. Matapan, i4th c. Go
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VENETIAN COINS. Silver ducat, later
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SAVOYARD COINS, 13111-17x11 c. Ludo
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COINS OF THE MEDICI FAMILY, 1533-17
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Maria Louisa, Duchess of Parma and
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Descriptive Ozitline of the Coinage
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SICILIAN COINS. Incuse silver denar
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COINS OF THE KNIGHTS OF ST. JOHN OF
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FRANCE : COINS OF HENRY III. AND IV
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FRANCE: COINS OF LOUIS XIV. AND XV.
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FRENCH REVOLUTIONARY COINS, 1791-93
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Descriptive Oittline of the Coinage
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FRANCE : NAPOLEON I. AS FIRST CONSU
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Descriptive Oiitline of the Coinage
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Descriptive Oiitline of the Coinage
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FRENCH FEUDAL COINS. 1. Pavilion if
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SPANISH COINS, I3TH-I8TH c. LEON AN
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Descriptive O^ltl^ne of the Coinage
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533 The Coins of Europe Antwerp, 73
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540 The Coins of Europe King of Den
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542 The Coins of Europe Early coppe
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544 The Coins of Europe German occu
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546 The Coins of Europe Keller, Got
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548 The Coins of Eitrope Moors of G
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550 The Coins of Europe Plantagenet
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22 552 The Coins of Europe Seville,
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554 The Coins of Europe Venlo, 405
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" Mr. Hazlitt has done much work du
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30. Gleanings in Old Garden Literat
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W. C a r e w H a z l i t t Coinage of the European Continent

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