W. C a r e w H a z l i t t Coinage of the European Continent

More documents

Recommendations

Info

326 The Coins of Europe of Prussia, Cleves, Juliers, and Berg. It has a three-quarter portrait of the margraf robed and bonneted, grasping sceptre and sword in either hand. The rehearsal of dignities makes it necessary to observe that in 1610 the last Duke of Cleves, Juliers,. and Berg had died s.p., and that Brandenburgh and Saxony were competitors for the territory. The primary numismatic monuments of the present Prussian monarchy are to be sought in the coinage of the Prussia. Dukes of Massovia (twelfth to thirteenth century), The Teutonic the Knights of the Teutonic Order (1230-1530), The the Duchy, Margraves of Brandenburgh, and the earlier Kingdom. Kin g S of Poland. The greater part of Eastern Prussia belonged de facto to the last Power during the fifteenth and two following centuries, and the remainder devolved on Brandenburgh, when the Margraf Albert about i 5 30 took into his own hands the acquisitions of the Teutonic Knights, thus preparing the way, when Poland declined and suffered gradual disintegration, for the higher destinies of the house of Hohenzollern in the then yet distant future. Culm, a Hanse town in Western Prussia, is the sole seat of coinage of which we hear, belonging to the ancient dukes of Massovia, who nevertheless had Warsaw as their capital, and of their currency we have no knowledge. The place was subsequently the chief centre of the Knights, and doubtless their mint ; for in I 246 the Grand Master granted authority to the town of Elbing to strike pfennings of the Culm type, which could at most be no more than modifications of the original Massovian money. That the dukes and their successors had a coinage we need not hesitate to believe, nor, if it consisted of mute bracteates in lieu of the signed pieces which followed, are we to wonder at its disappearance or the failure of identification. It is at least certain that during more than a century and a half the Grand Masters placed their names and titles on a series of bracteates, schillings of Polish standard = 1 6 ( pf), gold florins and other currency, and that the first to whom any coins can be confidently assigned, Winric von Kniprode (1351-82), thought himself entitled to inscribe on the reverse Moneta Domi-
PRUSSIAN COINS, HTH-i8TH c. Schilling of the Teutonic Order, i4th c. Half-thaler of Maximilian of Bavaria as Administrator of Prussia, 1612. Gold florin of Frederic William I., 1725. Thaler of Frederic the Great, 1785.
Page 7:
COINAGE EUROPEAN CONTINENT
Page 11 and 12:
THE COINAGE OF THE EUROPEAN CONTINE
Page 13 and 14:
PREFACE IT is hoped that the follow
Page 15 and 16:
' TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE . FACE
Page 17 and 18:
Table of Contents xi DESCRIPTIVE OU
Page 19 and 20:
Xlll continued. PAGE Lucca 452 Geno
Page 21 and 22:
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Philip IV. of
Page 23 and 24:
List of Illustrations xvii' PAGE 33
Page 25 and 26:
INTRODUCTION I THE unabated and gen
Page 27 and 28:
Introduction 3 to the wants, feelin
Page 29 and 30:
Introduction 5 more centralised con
Page 31 and 32:
Introduction 7 ing ideas and possib
Page 33 and 34:
Napoleon Introduction 9 healthy emu
Page 35 and 36:
Introduction 1 1 A scrutiny of the
Page 37 and 38:
Introdiiction \ 3 centralisation. A
Page 39 and 40:
Introduction 1 5 France by the Arab
Page 41 and 42:
Introduction 1 7 certain resemblanc
Page 43 and 44:
Introduction 1 9 VII The Low Countr
Page 45 and 46:
Introduction 2 I autonomous coins o
Page 47 and 48:
Introduction 2 3 numismatic annals
Page 49 and 50:
Introduction 2 5 of France from the
Page 51 and 52:
Introduction 2 7 her frontier exten
Page 53 and 54:
Introduction 29 concave fabric of t
Page 55 and 56:
Introduction 3 1 number, as in Fran
Page 57 and 58:
Introduction 33 began to appear on
Page 59 and 60:
Introduction 35 and by co-operative
Page 61 and 62:
the lowest depths ^ve cry unto Tkee
Page 63 and 64:
Introduction 39 placed on the coina
Page 65 and 66:
Introduction 4 1 indecision as to t
Page 67 and 68:
Introduction 43 It was upon the las
Page 69 and 70:
Introduction 45 The use of copper a
Page 71 and 72:
Introduction 4 7 material for fabri
Page 73 and 74:
Introduction 49 Immense quantities
Page 75 and 76:
Introduction 5 1 a new type and of
Page 77 and 78:
Introduction 53 regime purely from
Page 79 and 80:
fniroduction 5 5 disregard of econo
Page 81 and 82:
Introduction 5 7 repeated, Was boun
Page 83 and 84:
Introduction 59 date or the value w
Page 85 and 86:
Introduction 6 1 the Hand, just as
Page 87 and 88:
Introduction 63 contenting himself
Page 89 and 90:
Introduction 65 commercial detail ;
Page 91:
THREE CATALOGUES: I. CATALOGUE OF E
Page 94 and 95:
70 The Coins of Europe were issued
Page 96 and 97:
72 ' The Coins of Europe and mezzo-
Page 98 and 99:
74 The Coins of Europe le Gros, and
Page 100 and 101:
76 The Coins of Europe and Dukes of
Page 102 and 103:
78 The Coins of Europe Kalmiintz, K
Page 104 and 105:
8o The Coins of Europe usually disp
Page 106 and 107:
82 The Coins of Europe Vettore Emma
Page 108 and 109:
84 The Coins of Europe Guben, Havel
Page 110 and 111:
86 The Coins of Europe Brussels, an
Page 112 and 113:
88 The Coins of Europe republic. Bu
Page 114 and 115:
go The Coins of Europe common with
Page 116 and 117:
92 The Coins of Europe during the r
Page 118 and 119:
94 The Coins of Europe Corfu. A coi
Page 120 and 121:
96 The Coins of Europe pacification
Page 122 and 123:
98 The Coins of Europe tion-money b
Page 124 and 125:
ioo The Coins of Europe Eichstadt,
Page 126 and 127:
' iO2 The Coins of Europe We find i
Page 128 and 129:
IO4 The Coins of Europe Fossombrone
Page 130 and 131:
io6 The Coins of Europe Fumes, W. F
Page 132 and 133:
io8 The Coins of Europe Gliickstadt
Page 134 and 135:
1 1 o The Coins of Europe Gruitrode
Page 136 and 137:
1 1 2 7Yie Coins of Europe Jacob, L
Page 138 and 139:
1 1 4 The Coins of Europe the 1 7th
Page 140 and 141:
1 1 6 The Coins of Eiirope place st
Page 142 and 143:
1 1 8 The Coins of E^lrope Charles
Page 144 and 145:
I2O The Coins of Europe Boufflers,
Page 146 and 147:
122 The Coins of Europe Lucera, in
Page 148 and 149:
124 The Coins of Europe etc., and a
Page 150 and 151:
126 The Coins of Europe of 2, 4, 8,
Page 152 and 153:
128 The Coins of Europe Meddersheim
Page 154 and 155:
1 30 The Coins of E^lrope Messina,
Page 156 and 157:
132 The Coins of Europe the lordshi
Page 158 and 159:
134 The Coins of Europe the Kings o
Page 160 and 161:
136 The Coins of Europe in 1155. Tw
Page 162 and 163:
138 The Coins of Europe Neufchateai
Page 164 and 165:
1 40 The Coins of Europe Oberwesel,
Page 166 and 167:
142 The Coins of Europe curious cop
Page 168 and 169:
144 The Coins of Europe hours durin
Page 170 and 171:
146 The Coins of Europe and during
Page 172 and 173:
148 The Coins of Europe We have bef
Page 174 and 175:
150 The Coins of Europe Eiffel, Neu
Page 176 and 177:
152 The Coins of Europe mark was, l
Page 178 and 179:
154 The Coins of Europe other of 15
Page 180 and 181:
156 The Coins of Europe Saint-Venan
Page 182 and 183:
158 The Coins of Europe on obv., an
Page 184 and 185:
160 The Coins of Europe money was p
Page 186 and 187:
1 62 The Coins of Europe Smallenber
Page 188 and 189:
164 The Coins of Europe among which
Page 190 and 191:
1 66 The Coins of Europe Tagliacozz
Page 192 and 193:
1 68 The Coins of Europe left, OLL
Page 194 and 195:
1 70 The Coins of Europe bracteates
Page 196 and 197:
172 The Coins of Europe Vannes, a m
Page 198 and 199:
1 74 The Coins of Europe chiefly fo
Page 200 and 201:
176 The Coins of Europe here or at
Page 202 and 203:
178 The Coins of Europe Yennc, a mi
Page 205 and 206:
II. CATALOGUE OF EUROPEAN DENOMINAT
Page 207 and 208:
Catalogue of European Denominations
Page 209 and 210:
Page 211 and 212:
Page 213 and 214:
Page 215 and 216:
1 Catalogue of European Denominatio
Page 217 and 218:
Page 219 and 220:
Catalogue of Eiiropean Denomination
Page 221 and 222:
. Catalogue of European Denominatio
Page 223 and 224:
Page 225 and 226:
. Catalogue of Eiiropean Denominati
Page 227 and 228:
' 'Catalogue of European Denominati
Page 229 and 230:
Page 231 and 232:
Page 233 and 234:
.Catalogue of E^tropean Denominatio
Page 235 and 236:
Page 237 and 238:
'Catalogite of European Denominatio
Page 239 and 240:
Page 241 and 242:
Page 243 and 244:
Page 245 and 246:
Page 247 and 248:
Page 249 and 250:
Page 251 and 252:
Page 253 and 254:
Page 255 and 256:
. Catalogue of European Denominatio
Page 257 and 258:
Page 259 and 260:
Catalogite of European Denomination
Page 261 and 262:
Catalogiie of European Denomination
Page 263 and 264:
Page 265 and 266:
Page 267:
Page 270 and 271:
246 The Coins of Europe 1460 John a
Page 272 and 273:
248 The Coins of Europe 1409 Bernar
Page 274 and 275:
250 The Coins of Europe Electors of
Page 276 and 277:
252 The Coins of Europe Electors of
Page 278 and 279:
254 The Coins of Europe 1 109 Wladi
Page 280 and 281:
256 The Coins of Europe 1025 Miecis
Page 282 and 283:
258 The Coins of Europe 1660 Charle
Page 284 and 285:
260 The Coins of Europe Dukes of At
Page 286 and 287:
262 The Coins of Europe Counts and
Page 288 and 289:
264 The Coins of Europe Counts of W
Page 290 and 291:
266 The Coins of Europe 1218 Arnoul
Page 292 and 293:
268 The Coins of Europe Dukes of Fe
Page 294 and 295:
270 The Coins of Europe 1466 Galeaz
Page 296 and 297:
272 The Coins of Europe 1253 Pietro
Page 298 and 299:
274 The Coins of Europe 1105 Roger
Page 300 and 301: 276 The Coins of Europe Anglo-Galli
Page 302 and 303: 2 7 8 The Coins of Eiiropc 1127 Gui
Page 304 and 305: 280 The Coins of Europe Counts of B
Page 306 and 307: 282 The Coins of Europe 1248 Alice
Page 308 and 309: 284 The Coins of Europe 1125 Roger
Page 310 and 311: 286 The Coins of Europe 1 60 1 -8 J
Page 312 and 313: 288 The Coins of Europe Dukes of No
Page 314 and 315: Seigneurs de Sully 1398 1446 George
Page 316 and 317: The Coins of Europe IX. SPAIN Kings
Page 319 and 320: I. GERMANY CONFORMABLY with the pri
Page 321 and 322: Descriptive Outline of the Coinages
Page 341 and 342: Brunswick-Luneburg : triple thaler,
Page 345 and 346: ' Descriptive Outline of the Coinag
Page 349: Descriptive Outline of the Coinages
Page 359 and 360: COI'NS OF AUSTRIA AND THE TYROL, 14
Page 375 and 376: Descriptive O^ltline of the Coinage
Page 387 and 388: RUSSIAN COINS (CHIEFLY PATTERNS), 1
Page 401 and 402:
Descriptive Outline of the Coinages
Page 403 and 404:
Page 405 and 406:
Page 407 and 408:
Page 409 and 410:
Page 411 and 412:
Descriptive OiUline of the Coinages
Page 413 and 414:
Page 415 and 416:
Page 417 and 418:
COINS OF THE SOUTHERN NETHERLANDS.
Page 419 and 420:
Descriptive O^ttline of the Coinage
Page 421 and 422:
Page 423 and 424:
Page 425 and 426:
Page 427 and 428:
Page 429 and 430:
Page 431 and 432:
Page 433 and 434:
Batavia : 48 stuiver, 1645. Arg. (c
Page 435 and 436:
' Descriptive Outline of the Coinag
Page 437 and 438:
COINS OF THE NORTHERN NETHERLANDS.
Page 439 and 440:
RULERS OF THE NETHERLANDS. Charles
Page 441 and 442:
Page 443 and 444:
Page 445 and 446:
Page 447 and 448:
Page 449 and 450:
Page 451 and 452:
Descriptive O^ltline of the Coinage
Page 453 and 454:
VENETIAN COINS. Matapan, i4th c. Go
Page 455 and 456:
VENETIAN COINS. Silver ducat, later
Page 457 and 458:
Page 459 and 460:
SAVOYARD COINS, 13111-17x11 c. Ludo
Page 461 and 462:
Page 463 and 464:
COINS OF THE MEDICI FAMILY, 1533-17
Page 465 and 466:
Page 467 and 468:
Page 469 and 470:
Page 471 and 472:
Page 473 and 474:
Page 475 and 476:
Maria Louisa, Duchess of Parma and
Page 477 and 478:
Page 479 and 480:
Descriptive Ozitline of the Coinage
Page 481 and 482:
Page 483 and 484:
SICILIAN COINS. Incuse silver denar
Page 485 and 486:
Page 487 and 488:
COINS OF THE KNIGHTS OF ST. JOHN OF
Page 489 and 490:
Page 491 and 492:
Page 493 and 494:
Page 495 and 496:
Page 497 and 498:
FRANCE : COINS OF HENRY III. AND IV
Page 499 and 500:
FRANCE: COINS OF LOUIS XIV. AND XV.
Page 501 and 502:
FRENCH REVOLUTIONARY COINS, 1791-93
Page 503 and 504:
Descriptive Oittline of the Coinage
Page 505 and 506:
FRANCE : NAPOLEON I. AS FIRST CONSU
Page 507 and 508:
Page 509 and 510:
Page 511 and 512:
Page 513 and 514:
Page 515 and 516:
Descriptive Oiitline of the Coinage
Page 517 and 518:
Page 519 and 520:
Page 521 and 522:
Descriptive Oiitline of the Coinage
Page 523 and 524:
Page 525 and 526:
FRENCH FEUDAL COINS. 1. Pavilion if
Page 527 and 528:
Page 529 and 530:
Page 531 and 532:
Page 533 and 534:
Page 535 and 536:
Page 537 and 538:
SPANISH COINS, I3TH-I8TH c. LEON AN
Page 539 and 540:
Page 541 and 542:
Page 543 and 544:
Page 545 and 546:
Page 547 and 548:
Descriptive O^ltl^ne of the Coinage
Page 549 and 550:
Page 551 and 552:
Page 553 and 554:
Page 555 and 556:
Page 557 and 558:
Page 559:
Page 562 and 563:
533 The Coins of Europe Antwerp, 73
Page 564 and 565:
540 The Coins of Europe King of Den
Page 566 and 567:
542 The Coins of Europe Early coppe
Page 568 and 569:
544 The Coins of Europe German occu
Page 570 and 571:
546 The Coins of Europe Keller, Got
Page 572 and 573:
548 The Coins of Eitrope Moors of G
Page 574 and 575:
550 The Coins of Europe Plantagenet
Page 576 and 577:
22 552 The Coins of Europe Seville,
Page 578 and 579:
554 The Coins of Europe Venlo, 405
Page 580 and 581:
" Mr. Hazlitt has done much work du
Page 582:
30. Gleanings in Old Garden Literat
show all

W. C a r e w H a z l i t t Coinage of the European Continent

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?