W. C a r e w H a z l i t t Coinage of the European Continent
W. C a r e w H a z l i t t Coinage of the European Continent W. C a r e w H a z l i t t Coinage of the European Continent
322 The Coins of Europe arity transmitted from the Taurisci, the primitive occupiers of Noricum, and common to Uri in Switzerland, and to Schleiz in the principality of Reuss. We have also Urach, one of the two districts out of which Wiirtemburg was originally formed, where the name is supposed to imply the same traditional notion and perhaps worship. There is a very curious and significant pfenning of a seigneur of Werle, struck at Malchin, bearing the emblem, with a cross between the horns. The aurochs was succeeded in some places by the a griffin, type borrowed from Pomerania. Such survivals almost unquestionably point to a primeval order of society, when the life of the pagus prevailed, and many obscure forms of religious cult were in use among the remote population which eventually became the great Teutonic race. The oldest money of Mecklemburgh consisted of bracteates superseded by pfennings, schillings, and double schillings. Of the thaler we do not hear till 1502, during the joint reign of Henry the Pacific and Albert the Fair. Our knowledge of the subject may be, probably is, imperfect ; but there is an apparent absence of continuity and sequence in the series of larger silver ; and we have not met with any thalers between 1502 and 1540, when Henry was reigning alone. There are: a ^ thaler of Albert, 1542, struck at Gadebusch, and a thaler of John Albert, 1549. The former is of a special type, and is singularly rare. The obverse reads A\lbertus\ H\erzog~\ Z\ji\ M\ecklemburg^\ 1542; on the reverse occurs Mo. Nova Gadebvs. The thaler of 1549 is remarkable for the form of the hat worn by the
Descriptive Outline of the Coinages of Europe 323 duke. The earlier example was presumably, from its exceptional character, issued during a political emergency, like the Brandenburgh money of the same period during the pacification of Passau. The historical interest of the later Mecklemburgh currency centres in Wallenstein, or Albrecht von Waldstein, Duke of Mecklemburgh and Friedland, and one of the prominent figures in the Thirty Years' War (1618-48). Of this distinguished man we possess tolerably complete numismatic evidences extending from 1626 to 1632, in a succession of thalers with his full-face portrait and a 10 florin or ducat piece of 1632, varying in the bust and the drapery. We have seen no other denominations. The thalers belong to 1626 (two varieties), 1627 (do.), 1628 (do.), 1629 (do.), 1630, 1631, and 1632. There is an abundance of coinage of base alloy connected with Mecklemburgh, not only belonging to the urban currencies of anterior date, but to the perturbed epoch of the Seven Years' War (1756-63). This province first presents itself to our notice as a sort of duchy under the suzerainty of that of Poland, when the separate coinage was restricted to bracteates, of which one (Po'mmern) bears four rudimentary portraits representing the two dukes and their brothers surrounding a cross. On some of those pieces we are reminded of the Anglo - Saxon pennies in the presence of
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Descriptive Outline <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Coinage</strong>s <strong>of</strong> Europe 323<br />
duke. The earlier example was presumably,<br />
from its exceptional<br />
character, issued during a political emergency, like<br />
<strong>the</strong> Brandenburgh money <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> same period during <strong>the</strong><br />
pacification <strong>of</strong> Passau.<br />
The historical interest <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> later Mecklemburgh currency<br />
centres in Wallenstein, or Albrecht von Waldstein,<br />
Duke <strong>of</strong> Mecklemburgh and Friedland, and one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
prominent figures in <strong>the</strong> Thirty Years' War (1618-48). Of<br />
this distinguished man we possess tolerably complete numismatic<br />
evidences extending from 1626 to 1632,<br />
in a succession<br />
<strong>of</strong> thalers with his full-face portrait and a 10 florin<br />
or ducat piece <strong>of</strong> 1632, varying in <strong>the</strong> bust and <strong>the</strong> drapery.<br />
We have seen no o<strong>the</strong>r denominations. The thalers belong<br />
to 1626 (two varieties), 1627 (do.), 1628 (do.), 1629 (do.),<br />
1630, 1631, and 1632.<br />
There is an abundance <strong>of</strong> coinage <strong>of</strong> base alloy connected<br />
with Mecklemburgh, not only belonging to <strong>the</strong> urban currencies<br />
<strong>of</strong> anterior date, but to <strong>the</strong> perturbed epoch <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Seven Years' War (1756-63).<br />
This province first presents itself to our notice as a sort<br />
<strong>of</strong> duchy under <strong>the</strong> suzerainty <strong>of</strong> that <strong>of</strong> Poland, when <strong>the</strong><br />
separate coinage was restricted to bracteates, <strong>of</strong><br />
which one (Po'mmern) bears four rudimentary portraits representing<br />
<strong>the</strong> two dukes and <strong>the</strong>ir bro<strong>the</strong>rs surrounding<br />
a cross. On some <strong>of</strong> those pieces we are<br />
reminded <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Anglo - Saxon pennies in <strong>the</strong> presence <strong>of</strong>